{"id":40537,"date":"2016-06-09T02:18:32","date_gmt":"2016-06-09T07:18:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=40537"},"modified":"2016-06-24T04:25:50","modified_gmt":"2016-06-24T09:25:50","slug":"orta-bronz-caginda-m-o-2-400-1-500-ermenistan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=40537","title":{"rendered":"6. Orta Bronz \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda (M. \u00d6. 2.400-1.500) Ermenistan"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hakob Simonyan<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"EC<\/a>
EC Aragadsotn b\u00f6lgesi, Yukar\u0131 Naver, mezar alan\u0131n\u0131n merkezi k\u0131sm\u0131, M.\u00d6. XX.-XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131l (kaz\u0131lar ve foto\u011fraf H. Simonyan)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"EC<\/a>
EC Kotayk b\u00f6lgesi, Kara\u015famb, B\u00fcy\u00fck mezar h\u00f6y\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, i\u015flemeli kupa, M.\u00d6. XXIII.-XXII. y\u00fczy\u0131l, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f (kaz\u0131lar V. Hovhannisyan, foto\u011fraf V. Hakobyan. Al\u0131nt\u0131: Arm\u00e9nie, 1996, foto 34; Au Pied, 2007, p. 47, fig\u00fcr 2)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

M.<\/strong>\u00d6. III. biny\u0131l ortalar\u0131nda, Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n sosyal-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve siyasi ya\u015fam\u0131nda \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fimler ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Ermenistan Y\u00fcksek Platosu\u2019nun merkezi ve kuzey b\u00f6lgelerinde, erken mezar h\u00f6y\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve renkli \u00e7\u00f6mlek k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 Hint-Avrupa boylar\u0131 h\u00e2s\u0131l olur. Derin bir ekonomik kriz ya\u015fayan \u015eengavit sosyal-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel toplumu y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131r. G\u00f6\u00e7le gelenlerin ve yerli unsurlar\u0131n kayna\u015fmas\u0131ndan, Karmirberd, Sevan-Artsakh, T\u0131re\u011fk-Vanadzor ve Karmirvank olarak an\u0131lan birbirleriyle akraba d\u00f6rt antik k\u00fclt\u00fcr do\u011far. Bunlar, birbirlerine akraba olan bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr grubu olarak, Ermenistan Y\u00fcksek Platosu\u2019nun hemen t\u00fcm k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131, Urmia, Van ve Sevan g\u00f6lleri havzalar\u0131 aras\u0131 ile B\u00fcy\u00fck Kafkas s\u0131rada\u011flar\u0131na kadar uzanan \u00e7evre b\u00f6lgelerde ya\u015far. \u015eengavit k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnden farkl\u0131 olarak, Orta Bronz \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 ekonomisinde hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 konumdayd\u0131. Kemik \u00f6rnekleri haricinde, bilinen an\u0131tlar\u0131n %70\u2019ini olu\u015fturan ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir say\u0131 ihtiva eden mezar alanlar\u0131 bunu kan\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r. Eski Do\u011fu k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri ba\u011flam\u0131ndaki (M. \u00d6. XXIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l) en eski, ehlile\u015ftirilmi\u015f at kurban etme \u00f6rnekleri, Ermenistan\u2019da (A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Naver mezar alan\u0131) tespit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\"EC<\/a>
EC Lori b\u00f6lgesi, Vanadzor, Kral mezar\u0131 h\u00f6y\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, kupa, XXI.-XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l, alt\u0131n (kaz\u0131lar B. Piyotrovski, foto\u011fraf V. Hakobyan. Al\u0131nt\u0131: Arm\u00e9nie, 1996, fig\u00fcr 25)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 askeri operasyonlar da, Orta Bronz \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 ekonomisinde \u00f6nemli bir yer tutmaktayd\u0131. Kabile \u00f6nderleri ve ileri gelenlerin elinde olu\u015fan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7aptaki maddi imk\u00e2n sonucunda zanaat ve sanat dallar\u0131, daha \u00f6nce g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir \u015fekilde geli\u015fir. Ermenistan, yeni-yeni \u015fekillenen uluslar aras\u0131 ticaret a\u011f\u0131na d\u00e2hil olur. S\u00fcs e\u015fyalar\u0131, silah ve de\u011ferli madenlerden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kap-kaca\u011f\u0131n, \u00d6n-Asya merkezlerinden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan buluntularla benzerlikleri bunu kan\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mimari stillerde dikd\u00f6rtgen yap\u0131lar (\u00dczerlik Tepe, Medsamor, A\u015ftarak\u2019taki Berd\u015fen) geni\u015f yay\u0131l\u0131m kazan\u0131r. Mezarlar, \u015fahsi definler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00fcler, ayak ve kollar\u0131 b\u00fcz\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f durumda erkekler sa\u011f, kad\u0131nlar ise sol yana yatm\u0131\u015f durumda g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00dcst d\u00fczeydeki ki\u015filer \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, yak\u0131larak defnedilir. Bu t\u00f6ren, Hititlilerde de oldu\u011fu gibi, sadece ileri gelenler ile rahiplere lay\u0131kt\u0131. Esas defin yap\u0131s\u0131, merkezi k\u0131sm\u0131nda oyulu dikd\u00f6rtgen, bazen de k\u00f6\u015feleri yuvarlakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f toprak, kayaya oyulmu\u015f veya ta\u015f d\u00f6\u015feli duvarl\u0131 defin b\u00f6l\u00fcmleriyle, etraf\u0131nda kromlehlerin<\/em> dizili oldu\u011fu ta\u015f z\u0131rhtan olu\u015fan h\u00f6y\u00fckt\u00fc. Kral h\u00f6y\u00fcklerinin \u00e7ap\u0131 50, derinli\u011fi 7 metreye ula\u015fmakta, mezar galerileri 150 metrekare alan kaplamaktayd\u0131. Ermenistan\u2019da, Orta Bronz \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 ileri gelenlerinin mezarlar\u0131ndaki yakma ayini, devasa \u00e7aplar\u0131, alt\u0131n ile g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ften kaplar\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu zengin kullan\u0131m e\u015fyalar\u0131, ithal e\u015fyalar ile insan kurbanlar\u0131, Hitit ve Mezopotamya kral mezarlar\u0131yla k\u0131yaslanabilir. Benzer mezarlar T\u0131re\u011fk, Martkopi, Alazani Vadisi, Cavakhk, Aru\u00e7, Mayisyan, Kara\u015famb, Vanadzor, A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Naver ve daha ba\u015fka yerlerde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"EC<\/a>
EC Armavir b\u00f6lgesi, Ecmiadsin, epe, M.\u00d6. XX.-XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l, bronz (foto\u011fraf H. Simonyan)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"EC<\/a>
EC Aragadsotn b\u00f6lgesi, A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Naver, 3 No\u2019lu mezar, epe, M.\u00d6. XX.-XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l, bronz (kaz\u0131lar H. Simonyan foto\u011fraf V. Hakobyan. Al\u0131nt\u0131: Akop Simonyan, 2009,
\u0130zobrajenie mirovogo drakona-zmeya…, Media
Inform, Drgo Barzini, N 1, r. 24, fig. 4)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Sisian \u015fehri yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bulunan Zorats Karer (Karahunc) an\u0131t\u0131 \u00f6zel bir yer tutmaktad\u0131r. Dairesel ve d\u00fcz \u00e7izgi halinde dizili menhirlerden<\/em> olu\u015fan ta\u015f \u00e7izgi, y\u00fczlerce metre uzanmaktad\u0131r. Baz\u0131 bilim adamlar\u0131na g\u00f6re bu an\u0131t, eski bir g\u00f6zlemevi olup, \u00fcnl\u00fc Stonehange\u2019e benzemektedir.<\/p>\n

Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n, Orta Bronz \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr miras\u0131, uygulamal\u0131 sanat ve zarif, sanatsal maden i\u015flemecili\u011fi (torevtik<\/em>) eserleri, soyun yarat\u0131c\u0131 ruhunun g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir g\u00fc\u00e7le ta\u015f\u0131p, vah\u015fi bir y\u00fccelikle kam\u00e7\u0131lanarak (Vanadzor\u2019daki heraltik<\/em> duru\u015flu aslan kabartmalar\u0131 ve T\u0131re\u011fk\u2019in \u00e7ift cidarl\u0131, alt\u0131ndan, de\u011ferli ta\u015flarla i\u015flenmi\u015f, Kara\u015famb\u2019\u0131n ve Korukta\u015f\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ften, \u00fczerlerinde Hint-Avrupa mitolojisinin en eski destanlar\u0131n\u0131n resmedilmi\u015f kabartmal\u0131 kupalar\u0131) yaratm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu sanat eserleri,\u00a0 Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n as\u0131rlar s\u00fcren yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en canl\u0131 sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Alt\u0131n, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, bronz ve yar\u0131-de\u011ferli ta\u015flardan (kornelia<\/em>, akik, siyah amber, oniks, obsidyen vs.), renkli cam ve kristalden haz\u0131rlanan s\u00fcs ve ziynet e\u015fyalar\u0131, i\u011fneler, bilezikler, kolyeler, boncuklar, bro\u015flar, aynalar vs. \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitlidir. \u0130\u015flemelerindeki renk oyunlar\u0131 ve vurgulamalar\u0131yla resim sanat\u0131na ula\u015fan (A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Naver, T\u0131re\u011fk ve Geta\u015fen hidrikleri, Elar, Aparan ve Aru\u00e7 testileri vs.) renkli polikrom ve monokrom \u00e7\u00f6mlekler, uygulamal\u0131 sanat dal\u0131nda \u00f6zel bir konuma sahiptir.<\/p>\n

Renkli \u00e7\u00f6mleklerle birlikte, t\u00f6rensel masa e\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan siyah, cilal\u0131, relief ku\u015fakl\u0131 ve nokta dizili s\u00fcslemeli kaplar, de\u011ferli sanat eserleridir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7eviren: Diran Lokmag\u00f6zyan<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"EC<\/a>
EC Kotayk b\u00f6lgesi, Kara\u015famb, B\u00fcy\u00fck mezar h\u00f6y\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, kolye, M.\u00d6. XXIII.-XXII. y\u00fczy\u0131l, alt\u0131n, akik, ametist (kaz\u0131lar V. Hovhannisyan, foto\u011fraf V. Hakobyan. Al\u0131nt\u0131: U podnojiya, 2008, ris. 8; Au Pied, 2007, p. 50, fig. 3)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"EC<\/a>
EC Aragadsotn b\u00f6lgesi, A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Naver, 3 No\u2019lu mezar, s\u00fcs i\u011fnesi ba\u015f\u0131, M.\u00d6. XX.-XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l, alt\u0131n, akik (kaz\u0131lar H. Simonyan, foto\u011fraf V. Hakobyan. Al\u0131nt\u0131: \u0410. Simonyan, 2010, s. 47, ris. 2)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"EC<\/a>
EC Aragadsotn b\u00f6lgesi, A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Naver, 7 No\u2019lu mezar, renkli testi, M.\u00d6. XIX.-XVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l, (kaz\u0131lar ve foto\u011fraf H. Simonyan)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"EC<\/a>
EC Aragadsotn b\u00f6lgesi, A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Naver, 7 No\u2019lu mezar, at s\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc resimli renkli testi, M.\u00d6. XIX.-XVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l, (kaz\u0131lar H. Simonyan, foto\u011fraf V. Hakobyan)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"EC<\/a>
EC Aragadsotn b\u00f6lgesi, A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Naver, 7 No\u2019lu mezar, renkli testinin i\u015fleme k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131, M.\u00d6. XIX.-XVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l, (kaz\u0131lar H. Simonyan, foto\u011fraf V. Hakobyan)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"EC<\/a>
EC Aragadsotn b\u00f6lgesi, Yukar\u0131 Naver, renkli testi, M.\u00d6. XIX-XVIII y\u00fczy\u0131l (kaz\u0131lar ve foto\u011fraf H. Simonyan)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"EC<\/a>
EC Aragadsotn b\u00f6lgesi, Yukar\u0131 Naver, renkli testi, M.\u00d6. XX.-XVIII y\u00fczy\u0131l (kaz\u0131lar ve foto\u011fraf H. Simonyan)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"EC<\/a>
EC Aragadsotn b\u00f6lgesi, A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Naver, 3 No\u2019lu mezar, evrensel ejder y\u0131lan\u0131 resimli siyah cilal\u0131 testi, M.\u00d6. XX.-XIX y\u00fczy\u0131l (kaz\u0131lar H. Simonyan foto\u011fraf V. Hakobyan. Al\u0131nt\u0131: Akop Simonyan, 2009,
\u0130zobrajenie mirovogo drakona-zmeya…, Media
Inform, Drgo Barzini, N 1, r. 23, fig. 4)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"EC<\/a>
EC Armavir b\u00f6lgesi, Ecmiadsin, renkli testi, M.\u00d6. XVII.-XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l (foto\u011fraf V. Hakobyan. Al\u0131nt\u0131: Au Pied, 2007, p. 55, fig. 9)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"EC<\/a>
EC Armavir b\u00f6lgesi, Ecmiadsin, renkli testi, M.\u00d6. XVII.-XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l (foto\u011fraf V. Hakobyan. Al\u0131nt\u0131: Au Pied, 2007, p. 55, fig. 9)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"EC<\/a>
EC S\u00fcnik b\u00f6lgesi, Zorats karer, menhir, M.\u00d6. XX.-XVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l (foto\u011fraf H. Simonyan)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"EC<\/a>
EC S\u00fcnik b\u00f6lgesi, Zorats karer, menhirler, M.\u00d6. XX.-XVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l (foto\u011fraf H. Simonyan)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\"EC<\/a>
EC Aragadsotn b\u00f6lgesi, A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Naver, 1-5 No\u2019lu mezarlar\u0131n genel g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc, M.\u00d6. XXIII.-XX. y\u00fczy\u0131l (kaz\u0131lar H. Simonyan, foto\u011fraf V. Hakobyan. Al\u0131nt\u0131: Akop Simonyan, 2009,
\u0130zobrajenie mirovogo drakona-zmeya…, Media
Inform, Drgo Barzini, N 1, r. 20)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hakob Simonyan M.\u00d6. III. biny\u0131l ortalar\u0131nda, Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n sosyal-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve siyasi ya\u015fam\u0131nda \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fimler ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Ermenistan Y\u00fcksek Platosu\u2019nun merkezi ve kuzey b\u00f6lgelerinde, erken mezar h\u00f6y\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve renkli \u00e7\u00f6mlek k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 Hint-Avrupa boylar\u0131 h\u00e2s\u0131l olur. Derin bir ekonomik kriz ya\u015fayan \u015eengavit sosyal-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel toplumu y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131r. G\u00f6\u00e7le gelenlerin ve yerli unsurlar\u0131n kayna\u015fmas\u0131ndan, Karmirberd, Sevan-Artsakh, T\u0131re\u011fk-Vanadzor ve Karmirvank olarak an\u0131lan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":40541,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[76,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-40537","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ermenistanin-arkeolojik-mirasi","category-haberler"],"yoast_head":"\n6. Orta Bronz \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda (M. \u00d6. 2.400-1.500) Ermenistan - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=40537\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"6. Orta Bronz \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda (M. \u00d6. 2.400-1.500) Ermenistan - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hakob Simonyan M.\u00d6. III. biny\u0131l ortalar\u0131nda, Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n sosyal-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve siyasi ya\u015fam\u0131nda \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fimler ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Ermenistan Y\u00fcksek Platosu\u2019nun merkezi ve kuzey b\u00f6lgelerinde, erken mezar h\u00f6y\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve renkli \u00e7\u00f6mlek k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 Hint-Avrupa boylar\u0131 h\u00e2s\u0131l olur. Derin bir ekonomik kriz ya\u015fayan \u015eengavit sosyal-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel toplumu y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131r. G\u00f6\u00e7le gelenlerin ve yerli unsurlar\u0131n kayna\u015fmas\u0131ndan, Karmirberd, Sevan-Artsakh, T\u0131re\u011fk-Vanadzor ve Karmirvank olarak an\u0131lan […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=40537\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-06-09T07:18:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2016-06-24T09:25:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2016\/06\/0062-052-VN-panorama-ER-600x198.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"198\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=40537#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=40537\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e\"},\"headline\":\"6. 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Orta Bronz \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda (M. \u00d6. 2.400-1.500) Ermenistan - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=40537","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"6. Orta Bronz \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda (M. \u00d6. 2.400-1.500) Ermenistan - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","og_description":"Hakob Simonyan M.\u00d6. III. biny\u0131l ortalar\u0131nda, Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n sosyal-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve siyasi ya\u015fam\u0131nda \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fimler ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. 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