{"id":40265,"date":"2016-05-27T02:21:52","date_gmt":"2016-05-27T07:21:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=40265"},"modified":"2016-05-27T02:21:52","modified_gmt":"2016-05-27T07:21:52","slug":"kuzey-dogu-turkiyenin-yunanca-konusan-muslumanlari-pontuscanin-of-alt-diyalegi-uzerine-yapilan-bir-calismaya-onsoz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=40265","title":{"rendered":"Kuzey Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Yunanca Konu\u015fan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131: Pontusca\u2019n\u0131n Of Alt-diyale\u011fi \u00dczerine Yap\u0131lan Bir \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmaya \u00d6ns\u00f6z"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Sumela\"<\/a>PETER MACRIDGE<\/strong>
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

1922\/3\u2019lerde Yunanistan\u2019a yerle\u015fen Yunan Pontuslular\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ve ailelerin araba turlar\u0131 ile Pontus\u2019taki aile evlerini ziyaret etmeleri son y\u0131llarda ortak bir hal alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar Yunanistan\u2019a, Pontus\u2019ta Yunancan\u0131n Pontus diyalekti\u011fini kullanarak sohbet edebildikleri kimseler bulduklar\u0131n\u0131 anlatan hikayelerle d\u00f6nme niyetinde olan kimselerdir. Bu gezginlerin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 durum, hayret verici bi\u00e7imde, kendileri i\u00e7in adeta ola\u011fanl\u0131k arz etmektedir ve bildi\u011fim kadar\u0131yla da birka\u00e7 geli\u015fig\u00fczel deyimi i\u00e7eren gezi yaz\u0131s\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7 kimse bug\u00fcn Pontus\u2019ta konu\u015fulan Yunanca ile ilgili bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yapmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu makalenin amac\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle de Ophis (Of) b\u00f6lgesindekilerin konu\u015ftu\u011fu Pontus Yunancas\u0131 \u00fczerinde baz\u0131 \u00f6n incelemeler yapmakt\u0131r. <\/em><\/strong>
\n<\/em><\/strong>
\nBug\u00fcn Trabzon \u0130li\u2019nin (eski ad\u0131yla Trabzon vilayetinin) \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde Pontusca konu\u015fan kimseler vard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin Pontusca Trabzon\u2019a 69 km mesafedeki Tonya kasabas\u0131nda\u00a8 konu\u015fulmaktad\u0131r. Trabzon\u2019un bat\u0131s\u0131 ile g\u00fcneybat\u0131s\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki bir istikamette bulunan Tonya \u0130l\u00e7esi\u2019nin (eski ad\u0131yla Tonya kazas\u0131) 17 k\u00f6y\u00fcnden 6\u2019s\u0131nda ve Trabzon\u2019un 39 km do\u011fusundaki S\u00fcrmene\u2019nin (Sourmena) merkez il\u00e7esi ve K\u00f6pr\u00fcba\u015f\u0131 il\u00e7elerindeki (bucak) 31 k\u00f6y\u00fcn alt\u0131s\u0131nda bu b\u00f6yledir. Ayr\u0131ca Of (Ophis) b\u00f6lgesindeki Pontus\u00e7a konu\u015fanlar\u0131n bildirdi\u011fine g\u00f6re \u00f6zellikle \u00c7aykara (Katachor) \u0130l\u00e7esi\u2019ndeki 21 k\u00f6yden en az 17\u2019sinde , Dernekpazar\u0131 (Kondu) \u0130l\u00e7esi\u2019ndeki 12 k\u00f6yden 7\u2019sinde ve Uzung\u00f6l (\u015eerah\/Saracho) belediyesi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131ndaki 9 k\u00f6yden 6\u2019s\u0131nda benzer durum s\u00f6zkonusudur.<\/p>\n

Trabzon\u2019a karayoluyla 52 km mesafede olan Of kasabas\u0131 Solakl\u0131 Deresi\u2019nin (eski Of \u0131rma\u011f\u0131) \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131ndad\u0131r ve bug\u00fcn bu derenin vadisi ile kollar\u0131 boyunca uzanan b\u00f6lgeler Pontus\u00e7a konu\u015fanlar\u0131n halen bulunabildikleri ve en yo\u011fun haliyle yerle\u015fik olduklar\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerdir. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman dilda\u015flar\u0131, gerek 1919-22\u2019deki Yunan-T\u00fcrk sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ncesinde gerek ………sava\u015f s\u00fcresince ve gerekse sonras\u0131nda tamam\u0131 (birka\u00e7 y\u00fczbin ki\u015fi) b\u00f6lgeden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan H\u0131ristiyan Pontuslular\u2019dan farkl\u0131 olarak ata yurtlar\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Umur\u00b7 (1951) , 1486\u2019da II. Mehmet taraf\u0131ndan fethedilen Of vadisinde olduk\u00e7a yava\u015f bi\u00e7imde seyreden \u0130slamizasyon s\u00fcrecindeki vergi kay\u0131tlar\u0131na dayanarak ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar vermektedir. (Buna g\u00f6re) 1613\u2019lerde dahi M\u00fcsl\u00fcman hane halk\u0131 vadideki yerlerin hepsinde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir az\u0131nl\u0131k durumundayd\u0131. \u00d6yle g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir ki bu d\u00f6nem boyunca \u2013 ve \u015f\u00fcphesiz sonradan uzun bir d\u00f6nem boyunca \u2013 linguistik ve dini durum a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de\u011fi\u015fkendi (oynakt\u0131). Pontuslu yerli H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu \u0130slam\u2019a ge\u00e7ti ancak dillerini yitirmediler ve bir\u00e7ok T\u00fcrk yerle\u015fimci de Rumca konu\u015fan (Yunanca \u00e7o\u011funluk dili oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in) kimseler haline geldi ve hatta baz\u0131lar\u0131 da H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k\u2019a ge\u00e7ti. Umur, ki kendisi b\u00f6lgenin yerlisidir, bug\u00fcn burada ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n Rum ve T\u00fcrk unsurlar\u0131n kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 oldu\u011funu gizleme te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcnde bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bunla birlikte bu kimselerin ileride \u201cyabanc\u0131 bir dile\u201d olan ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7meye ikna edilecekleri y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki umudunu ifade etmektedir. \u0130laveten, son 20\u201330 y\u0131ld\u0131r (birka\u00e7 on y\u0131ld\u0131r) yer isimlerinde yap\u0131lan resmi de\u011fi\u015fikliklere kar\u015f\u0131n, (ilgin\u00e7 bi\u00e7imde; yaln\u0131zca Rum k\u00f6kenli yer isimleri de\u011fil T\u00fcrk\u00e7e oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k se\u00e7ik ortada olan isimler de de\u011fi\u015ftirildi) Pontus\u00e7a vadi boyunca halen bir ana dil olarak konu\u015fulmaktad\u0131r. Hatta s\u00f6z konusu durum en gen\u00e7 nesil i\u00e7in dahi ge\u00e7erlidir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Pontus\u00e7a konu\u015fan erkeklerin \u00e7o\u011fu Yunanca ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konusunda iki dillidir. (Parcharidis\u2019e (1879: 228) g\u00f6re aynen bir y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6ncesinde oldu\u011fu gibi. ) \u00c7ok say\u0131da kad\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131rf Rumca konu\u015fabilir halde oldu\u011funa dair bulgular vard\u0131r. Durum b\u00f6yle oldu\u011fu halde (S\u00fcnni) \u0130slam\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir fanatik ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k s\u00f6z konusudur. Of b\u00f6lgesi T\u00fcrkiye \u00e7ap\u0131nda yeti\u015ftirdi\u011fi Kur\u2019an hocalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7oklu\u011fu ile tan\u0131n\u0131r ve T\u00fcrkl\u00fck d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki belirgin olan herhangi bir etnik kimlik duygusu bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Rumcaya benzer bir ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya\u2019n\u0131n bat\u0131 ve g\u00fcney sahillerinde ya\u015fayan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Giritliler ve atalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan da g\u00f6sterilmektedir ancak bu kimseler kendilerinden kesin bi\u00e7imde \u201cGiritli\u201d olarak bahsetmektedir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk\u00e7e e\u011fitimin tek arac\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7edir ve Rumca konu\u015fanlar\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fanlara oran\u0131 k\u00f6yden k\u00f6ye ve hatta bir k\u00f6ydeki aileden aileye farkl\u0131l\u0131k arz etmektedir ; bu b\u00f6yle g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc baz\u0131 aileler Pontusca\u2019n\u0131n, bir az\u0131nl\u0131k dilinin ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan engellenmemeleri halinde topluma daha iyi entegre olacak ve daha iyi bir e\u011fitim s\u00fcrecinden ge\u00e7ecek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na fayda getirmeyece\u011fine karar vermi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

Pontus\u00e7a\u2019n\u0131n alt diyalekti\u011fi olan Ophitic iki nedenden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc ilgin\u00e7 bir yere sahiptir. Birincisi; Ophis vadisi Yunanca\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fudaki en uzak noktada 2 bin y\u0131ld\u0131r kesintisiz bi\u00e7imde konu\u015fuldu\u011fu bir yerdir. Yunanca konu\u015fanlar\u0131n daha uzak noktalarda (yani SSCB\u2019de) olanlar\u0131 (ki \u00e7o\u011fu Pontusludur) \u00e7o\u011fu 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131ndan itibaren modern zamanlarda bug\u00fcnk\u00fc evlerine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130kincisi; Ophitic diyalekti\u011fi, \u00e7o\u011fu \u00e7evresel diyalektiklerde g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, arkaik\u00a8 (en \u00e7ok orta\u00e7a\u011fa ait) \u00f6zellikleri nedeniyle \u00f6nem arz etmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Of diyalekti\u011fi kom\u015fu S\u00fcrmene diyalekti\u011fi ile birlikte modern Yunan d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda fiil \u00f6n\u00fcne gelen olumsuz ou\u2019 tak\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 muhafaza eden yegane diyalektiktir. Genel olarak Of diyalekti\u011fi, ondan ayr\u0131 bi\u00e7imde geli\u015fen Kapadokya diyalekti\u011fi ile ters d\u00fc\u015fecek bi\u00e7imde linguistik bir tutuculuk\u00a9 g\u00f6stermektedir. ( kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n\u0131z ; Dawkins 1916 : viii). T\u00fcrk\u00e7e taraf\u0131ndan derin bi\u00e7imde etkilenmi\u015f olmalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n Ophitic M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n konu\u015fmalar\u0131 yerel diyalekti\u011fin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc el de\u011fmemi\u015f bi\u00e7imde muhafaza etmi\u015f; e\u011fitim, Kilise ve Yunan ulusal dil politikas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcdahalelerini bula\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum Yunanistan\u2019da Pontus-d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u015fartlarda 60 y\u0131ld\u0131r ya\u015fayan Pontus konu\u015furlar\u0131n\u0131n dillerinin anla\u015f\u0131labilir bi\u00e7imde etkilenmesi ile kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131k g\u00f6stermektedir. H\u0131ristiyan Pontuslular\u2019\u0131n anayurtlar\u0131nda kilisenin ve okulun etkisinde kald\u0131klar\u0131na \u015f\u00fcphe yoktur. Tabii, 1922\u2019den \u00f6nce her 2 toplulu\u011fun da birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde birka\u00e7 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00e7ocuk Rum okullar\u0131na gitmekle birlikte bug\u00fcn Pontusca\u2019n\u0131n konu\u015fuldu\u011fu k\u00f6ylerin \u00e7o\u011funda halk\u0131 \u00f6ylesine kat\u0131ks\u0131z M\u00fcsl\u00fcmand\u0131r ki, H\u0131r\u0131sitiyanlar ile aralar\u0131nda y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r ya \u00e7ok az ya da hi\u00e7bir temas ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f Ophitic \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 birka\u00e7 tanedir. Deffner 1880\u2019de, kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 g\u00f6stermek amac\u0131yla bol \u00f6rneklere yer verdi\u011fi ancak daha sonra devam\u0131 gelmeyen alfabetik bir Ophitic l\u00fcgatin ilk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Parcharidis 1888\u2019de alfabetik bir isimler listesi yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dawkins 1931\u2019de Of\u2019un 15 km g\u00fcneydo\u011fusundaki Yiga (\u015fu an Yarl\u0131) H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131\u2019ndan kaydedilmi\u015f yedi halk hik\u00e2yesinden olu\u015fan bir koleksiyon yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Son olarak, Parcharidis\u2019in Ophitic \u015fark\u0131lar \u00fczerine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 makalesinde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck miktarlarda linguistik malzemeler kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ophitic M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n konu\u015fmalar\u0131yla ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan tek \u00e2lim Trebzond\u2019un yerlisi ve ayn\u0131 zamanda ailesi Kromi\u2019den olan Parcharidis\u2019dir (1858\u20131990). 1876\u2019da Alman filolog Micheal Deffner\u2019e (1848\u20131934) kendini Of\u2019a 20 km uzakl\u0131kta olan ve H\u0131ristiyan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfusun kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k oldu\u011fu Zisino (\u015fimdi B\u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fc) k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn okul m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc olarak takdim eden Parcharidis daha sonra Trebizond\u2019da ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapt\u0131 ve Deffner\u2019e linguistik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sahas\u0131nda yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmay\u0131 teklif etti. Parcharidis, Zisino konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n kayd\u0131n\u0131 yapan ve ayn\u0131 zamanda bu dili konu\u015fan bir yerli olarak ( ve yine, tehlikeli bir zamanda sadece M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan b\u00f6lgelere riskli bir sorti ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeyi arzulayan bir kimse olarak) kendisini sadece M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u2019\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00c7aykara\u2019ya kara yoluyla 26 km mesafe bulunan, Solakli Deresi\u2019nin bir kolu olan Haldizen Deresi\u2019nin \u00fczerinde konu\u015flu durumdaki Saracho (\u015fimdi Uzung\u00f6l) k\u00f6y\u00fcne seyahate g\u00f6nderen Deffner\u2019e yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilecek ideal ki\u015filikti. Ancak birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra kendisinin casus oldu\u011funa inanan y\u00f6re halk\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan b\u00f6lgeden ayr\u0131lmaya zorland\u0131. K\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra da Rus ajan\u0131 olarak yetkililerce tutuklanarak hapsedildi ve ancak Deffner\u2019in m\u00fcdahalesi sonucu serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. (Parcharidis) Deffner\u2019e Atina\u2019ya gidi\u015finde refakat etti. Deffner sonunda buraya yerle\u015fti. Parcharidis daha sonra Trebizond\u2019daki Yunan Lisesi\u2019nin (Phrontisterion) m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc oldu. Ophitic diyalektle ilgili olarak saha gezileri s\u0131ras\u0131nda tutu\u011fu notlar\u0131 i\u00e7eren baz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 bug\u00fcn Atina Akademisi Yunan Folklor Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Merkezi\u2019nde bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bildi\u011fim kadar\u0131yla Deffner hi\u00e7bir zaman Ophis b\u00f6lgesini ziyaret etmemi\u015ftir ve Ofitik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 sadece Parcharidis\u2019ten ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 materyeller \u00fczerine temellendirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Kapadokya diyalektiklerini konu alan ve an\u0131tsal yap\u0131t\u0131 durumundaki K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya\u2019da Modern Yunan (1916) isimli eserinin yay\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlayan ve daha sonra Oxford \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde Bizans ve Modern Yunan alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Profes\u00f6r R. M. Dowkins (1871)-1955), 1914\u2019te b\u00f6lgedeki Yunan diyalektikleriyle ilgili benzer bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flamak amac\u0131yla b\u00f6lgeyi ziyaret etmi\u015ftir. S\u00fcrmene ve Of\u2019ta baz\u0131 halk hik\u00e2yeleri toplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ancak 1914 A\u011fustosu\u2019nda Yunan sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n patlak vermesi \u00fczerine T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den ayr\u0131lmaya mecbur edilmi\u015ftir. Bu durum, situ\u2019daki H\u0131ristiyan Pontus konu\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rabilecek kimseler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en son f\u0131rsat olmu\u015ftur ve Dawkins ne sonra ne de herhangi bir vakitte M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Pontuslular\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma iste\u011fi duymam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu arada, Ofhis b\u00f6lgesinde oransal olarak az miktarda olan H\u0131ristiyan yerle\u015fimciler, Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n kuzey do\u011fusundaki Katerini\u2019nin kuzeyinde kalan yeni bir k\u00f6y olan Nea Trapezounda\u2019da yeniden iskan edilen yerle\u015fimcilerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu olu\u015fturmu\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Makalenin geri kalan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde genel anlamda Pontusca\u2019n\u0131n alt diyalektiklerinden farkl\u0131l\u0131k arzeden bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Saracho konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n belirli unsurlar\u0131na i\u015faret etmek istiyorum. Pontus\u00e7a (veya en az\u0131ndan \u201cH\u0131ristiyan Pontus\u00e7as\u0131\u201d ) herhangi bir Yunan diyalekti\u011fine g\u00f6re daha etrafl\u0131ca \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ki t\u00fcr gramer vard\u0131r : Popadopoulos\u2019un 1955\u2019de yay\u0131nlanan grameri ve \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kendisinin vefat\u0131ndan sonra geli\u015fmi\u015f olan \u0130konomidis\u2019in grameri. (1958\u2019de, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden 20 y\u0131l sonra yay\u0131nland\u0131.) \u0130laveten Papadopuolus\u2019un 1958\u20131961 aras\u0131nda meydana getirilen 3 ciltlik \u201ctarihi s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d vard\u0131r. Bu iki alim de Argyroupolis\u2019tendi ve di\u011fer diyalektiklerin hepsinden daha fazla tarif etme e\u011filimi g\u00f6sterdikleri bu b\u00f6lgenin altdiyalekti\u011fi (yerel kilisece verilen isimden sonra genellikle Chaldia\u00a7 diyalekti\u011fi olarak bilinegelmi\u015ftir ) ; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Pontuslular\u2019\u0131n say\u0131sal anlamda \u00e7o\u011fu bu altdiyalekti\u011fi konu\u015fuyordu ve ayn\u0131 zamanda bu diyalektik 1922\u2019den bu yana Yunanistan\u2019daki Pontus edebiyat\u0131nda \u201cstandart\u201d t\u00fcr haline gelme e\u011filimine girmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Pontus\u00e7a, Dawkins (1931b: 389) taraf\u0131ndan \u201cs\u0131k\u0131 bi\u00e7imde ittifak etmi\u015f bir diyalektikler y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131 bir kimse \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p kat\u0131 bi\u00e7imde Pontusca\u2019n\u0131n Modern Yunanca\u2019n\u0131n bir diyalekti\u011fi oldu\u011funa ve ayr\u0131 bir dil olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 h\u00fckmetti\u011finde bir ba\u015fka kimse de \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p Argyrouplis ya da Ophis\u2019in birer alt diyalektik oldu\u011fundan s\u00f6zedebilmektedir ve ayr\u0131ca Saracho konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 da \u00f6rne\u011fin Ophitic\u2019in alt diyalekti\u011fi olarak tan\u0131mlayabilmektedir. Ben ise rahatl\u0131kla \u201cOphitic diyalekti\u011fi\u201d ve \u201cSaracho altdiyalekti\u011fi\u201d demekteyim. Pontus\u00e7a 1923\u2019e kadar, bat\u0131da Karadeniz\u2019in g\u00fcney sahillerindeki \u0130nepolis\u2019ten (orjinali \u0130onopolis, bug\u00fcn ise \u0130nebolu denilmektedir) do\u011fuda Ophis\u2019e (Of) uzanarak neredeyse k\u0131y\u0131 \u015feridini saran ve karayoluyla yakla\u015f\u0131k 750 km\u2019yi bulan bir alan\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r. Bu \u015feridin kuzeyden g\u00fcneye olan geni\u015fli\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterir ancak iki ana merkez, kuzeyde Trebizond (Trabzon) ile g\u00fcneyde Argyroupolis (G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane) aras\u0131ndaki yer dolamba\u00e7l\u0131 bir da\u011f yoludur. \u00c7e\u015fitli vadilerin ge\u00e7i\u015fsiz da\u011flarca b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde (aralar\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fim yaln\u0131zca sahilden sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r) Pontusca\u2019n\u0131n homojen bir diyalekti\u011fe sahip olamamas\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir ve tabii olarak bir b\u00f6lgeden di\u011ferine farkl\u0131l\u0131klar bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bunanla birlikte Pontus\u00e7a\u2019n\u0131n belli birtak\u0131m \u00f6zellikleri onu modern Yunanca\u2019n\u0131n diyalektiklerinden ayr\u0131 k\u0131larken di\u011fer \u00f6zellikleri de ba\u015fka yerlerde tekab\u00fcliyet (kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k) bulmaktad\u0131r. Dawkins (1931:399) \u015fundan \u015f\u00fcphe etmi\u015ftir ve bu sebepsiz bir \u015f\u00fcphe de\u011fildir: Pontus\u00e7a ve Kapadokyaca, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya\u2019n\u0131n 11. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Sel\u00e7uklular taraf\u0131ndan istila edilmesinden \u00f6nce Yunanl\u0131lar\u2019\u0131n geri kalan di\u011fer k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131ndan etkilenmi\u015ftir. Bu durum, di\u011fer yerlerlerde yokalan bir\u00e7ok orta\u00e7a\u011f karakteristi\u011finin korunmas\u0131n\u0131 ve di\u011fer diyalektiklerde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmayan bir\u00e7ok yeni radikal \u00f6zelliklerin geli\u015fimini a\u00e7\u0131klayabilir. Pontus ve di\u011fer Yunan diyalektiklerinde ortak olan bu \u00f6zelliklerin incelenmesi orta \u00e7a\u011flarda konu\u015fulan Yunanca\u2019n\u0131n durumu i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a g\u00fcvenilir bir rehber sa\u011flayabilir.<\/p>\n

Fonoloji (Ses Bilimi)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pontusca, modern Yunanca\u2019daki be\u015f \u00fcnl\u00fcye \/aeiou\/ ilaveten Yunanca k\u00f6kenli iki \u00fcnl\u00fc ses daha geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. \u0130simleri ile zikretmek gerekirse bunlar ; zorunlu bir kural olarak \/ia\/ veya \/ea\/\u2019dan (\/i\/ veya \/e\/\u2019nin vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerler hari\u00e7) t\u00fcreyerek ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ve \/io\/ veya \/eo\/\u2019dan (\/io\/ ya da \/eo\/\u2019dan de\u011fil) daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir orta \u00f6n yuvarlak \u00fcnl\u00fc olan \/ae\/\u2019dir (Yunan Pontiologist : bkz. Lampidis 1961\u2019de geleneksel anlamda \u201ca\u201d\u00b7 olarak g\u00f6sterilmektedir) . Ancak bu sesler baz\u0131 kuzey Yunan diyalektiklerinde de bulunmaktad\u0131r (Papadopuolus 1927 : 13-12). T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019den al\u0131nan kelimelerde Pontus\u00e7a iki \u00fcnl\u00fc daha kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r: T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u201c\u0131\u201d (y\u00fcksek \u00f6n yuvarlak) ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u201c\u00fc\u201d (yuvarlak olmayan y\u00fcksek arka) sesleri.<\/p>\n

Pontusca\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi de pan-Helenik telafuuzu \/i\/ olan di\u011fer durumundan farkl\u0131 olarak etimolojik eta\u2019n\u0131n \/e\/ \u015feklindeki telafuzzudur. Buna ra\u011fmen bu olay t\u00fcm kelimelerde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaz ve g\u00f6revini tarif edecek bir form\u00fclasyona gitmek g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. Tek tek kullan\u0131lan di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok kelimeden ayr\u0131 olarak, s\u00f6zkonusu olay eril (erkek) s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin tekil bitimlerindeki \u201c\u2013tes\u201d tak\u0131s\u0131nda mevcuttur. (\u00d6rn kleffes, ef. Standard Modern Yunanca \/SMG \/ kleftis ) Tersine, Pontus\u00e7a\u2019n\u0131n bir\u00e7ok yerel t\u00fcr\u00fc vurgusuz \/i\/ ve \/u\/\u2019lar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerlerde vurgusuz y\u00fcksek \u00fcnl\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc g\u00f6sterir.
\nEnglish:<\/em><\/strong>http:\/\/www.academia.edu\/2070228\/Greek-speaking_Moslems_of_north-east_Turkey_prolegomena_to_a_study_of_the_Ophitic_sub-dialect_of_Pontic<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d6mer Asan \/ Haberler, Kitaplar, Makaleler<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

PETER MACRIDGE 1922\/3\u2019lerde Yunanistan\u2019a yerle\u015fen Yunan Pontuslular\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ve ailelerin araba turlar\u0131 ile Pontus\u2019taki aile evlerini ziyaret etmeleri son y\u0131llarda ortak bir hal alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar Yunanistan\u2019a, Pontus\u2019ta Yunancan\u0131n Pontus diyalekti\u011fini kullanarak sohbet edebildikleri kimseler bulduklar\u0131n\u0131 anlatan hikayelerle d\u00f6nme niyetinde olan kimselerdir. Bu gezginlerin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 durum, hayret verici bi\u00e7imde, kendileri i\u00e7in adeta ola\u011fanl\u0131k arz etmektedir ve bildi\u011fim […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":40266,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,70,53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-40265","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\nKuzey Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Yunanca Konu\u015fan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131: Pontusca\u2019n\u0131n Of Alt-diyale\u011fi \u00dczerine Yap\u0131lan Bir \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmaya \u00d6ns\u00f6z - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=40265\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kuzey Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Yunanca Konu\u015fan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131: Pontusca\u2019n\u0131n Of Alt-diyale\u011fi \u00dczerine Yap\u0131lan Bir \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmaya \u00d6ns\u00f6z - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"PETER MACRIDGE 1922\/3\u2019lerde Yunanistan\u2019a yerle\u015fen Yunan Pontuslular\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ve ailelerin araba turlar\u0131 ile Pontus\u2019taki aile evlerini ziyaret etmeleri son y\u0131llarda ortak bir hal alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 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