{"id":39767,"date":"2016-04-28T02:23:07","date_gmt":"2016-04-28T07:23:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=39767"},"modified":"2016-04-29T07:59:23","modified_gmt":"2016-04-29T12:59:23","slug":"soykirim-konusunda-turk-tarih-soylemi-ile-dogu-alman-soylemi-ortusuyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=39767","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Soyk\u0131r\u0131m konusunda T\u00fcrk tarih s\u00f6ylemi ile Do\u011fu Alman s\u00f6ylemi \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Sandy<\/a>Vartan Estukyan<\/a><\/b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

K\u00f6ln \u00dcniversitesi Tarih B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc mezunlar\u0131ndan Sandy Zurikyan da, k\u0131sa s\u00fcre \u00f6nce tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tez konusunda Do\u011fu Almanya ve Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131 konu edindi. Bir d\u00f6nem Agos\u2019un k\u00fclt\u00fcr sanat edit\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc de yapan Zurikyan\u2019la Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Do\u011fu Almanya\u2019daki yans\u0131malar\u0131n\u0131 konu\u015ftuk.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

1948 BM Soyk\u0131r\u0131m S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019ne giden yolda yap\u0131lan tart\u0131\u015fmalar, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 Nazilerin dolay\u0131s\u0131yla fa\u015fizmin i\u015fledi\u011fi bir su\u00e7 olarak g\u00f6rme ve genel olarak soyk\u0131r\u0131m kavram\u0131yla aras\u0131na mesafe koyma tavr\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyuyor. Do\u011fu Almanya\u2019n\u0131n da soyk\u0131r\u0131ma bak\u0131\u015f\u0131 bu \u00e7izgide mi?<\/b><\/p>\n

Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu Do\u011fu Almanya\u2019ya g\u00f6re sadece fa\u015fizmde de\u011fildi. Metinlerde \u2018monopol kapitalistler\u2019, \u2018emperyalistler\u2019 ve onlarin \u2018i\u015fbirlik\u00e7ileri\u2019, ya da \u2018i\u015fbirlik\u00e7ilerin u\u015faklar\u0131\u2019 da faillerin adresi olarak bilimsel makaleler de dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7ok\u00e7a kullan\u0131l\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede hangi olaylar soyk\u0131r\u0131m olarak nitelendiriliyor?<\/b><\/p>\n

1963\u2019te Do\u011fu Almanya\u2019da yay\u0131nlanan bir ansiklopediye g\u00f6re Amerikan Yerlilerinin ve kimi \u2018zenci halklar\u2019\u0131n yok edili\u015fi, Musevilerin, Polonyal\u0131lar\u0131n ve \u00c7eklerin Naziler tarafindan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi soyk\u0131r\u0131m olarak kabul ediliyor.<\/p>\n

Bat\u0131 Almanya\u2019n\u0131n Holokost sonras\u0131nda ciddi eksikleri olsa da \u00f6nemli bir y\u00fczle\u015fme \u00e7abas\u0131ndan bahsedilebilir. Do\u011fu Almanya\u2019da Holokost konusundaki resmi s\u00f6ylem nas\u0131l \u015fekilleniyor?<\/b><\/p>\n

Do\u011fu Almanya Holokost g\u00fcnah\u0131ndan, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin saf\u0131nda fa\u015fizme kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015farak kendini ar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131na inand\u0131r\u0131yor. Holokost\u2019un Do\u011fu Almanya\u2019da i\u015fleni\u015fini ara\u015ft\u0131ran Martin Broszat, 1953-1972 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda tarihbilimcilerin yay\u0131nlad\u0131klar\u0131 \u2018Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Geschichtsforschung\u2019 dergisinde Holokost\u2019un sadece bir kere konu edildi\u011fini, onun da bir edebiyat ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7eker.<\/p>\n

Bat\u0131 Almanya\u2019n\u0131n att\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130srail\u2019e tazminat \u00f6denmesi veya Willy Brandt\u2019\u0131n \u00f6zr\u00fc gibi ad\u0131mlar, Do\u011fu Almanya taraf\u0131ndan nas\u0131l kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131yor?<\/b><\/p>\n

Bu konu Bat\u0131\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi yank\u0131 uyand\u0131rm\u0131yor. Mesela Willy Brandt\u2019\u0131n diz \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcst\u00fc \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Brandt\u2019\u0131n ziyaretini ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u00fc\u00e7 gazetede de de\u011finilmi\u015f ama \u00f6zr\u00fc \u00fczerine bilgi verilmemi\u015f. Yaln\u0131z soyk\u0131r\u0131m su\u00e7unun zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131ma u\u011framas\u0131 \u00fczerine yo\u011fun bir yay\u0131n var.<\/p>\n

Sosyalist Almanya\u2019n\u0131n Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 konusundaki \u00e7izgisi de Holokost ve soyk\u0131r\u0131m kavram\u0131na bak\u0131\u015f \u00e7izgisiyle paralel mi?<\/b><\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck benzerlikler var ama, Museviler Ermeniler gibi \u2018emperyalizmin i\u015fbirlikcileriydiler\u2019 diye yaftalanm\u0131yorlard\u0131 ve k\u0131r\u0131ma u\u011framalar\u0131na kendi tutumlar\u0131n\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi yorumlara maruz kalm\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan T\u00fcrk tarih s\u00f6ylemi ile Do\u011fu Alman s\u00f6ylemi \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 tam olarak nas\u0131l resmediliyor?<\/b><\/p>\n

Bilimsel yay\u0131nlarda Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na konu alan salt bir makaleye rastlad\u0131m, ba\u015fka yok. Hermann Goltz\u2019un Lepsius Sempozyumu\u2019nda da soyk\u0131r\u0131m ana tema de\u011fildi. Elbette Lepsius\u2019un hayat\u0131 soyk\u0131r\u0131m olmadan anlat\u0131lamazd\u0131 ama sonucta \u2018ana tema\u2019 soyk\u0131r\u0131m de\u011fildi. Benim \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmamda sergilediklerim \u00f6rnekler, soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n bir ba\u015fka konu ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken s\u00f6z edilmesi esnasindaki de\u011finmeler. Onun i\u00e7in tam bir tasvir s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fil. Lothar Rathmann\u2019\u0131n yay\u0131nlar\u0131nda b\u00f6yle de\u011finmeleri g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bilimsel olmayan yay\u0131nlar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131mda ilgin\u00e7 olan Franz Werfel\u2019in \u2018Musa Da\u011f\u2019da K\u0131rk G\u00fcn\u2019 roman\u0131n\u0131n Do\u011fu Almanya\u2019da senelerce en \u00e7ok satanlar listesinde yer almas\u0131d\u0131r. Fakat bir\u00e7ok kez yay\u0131nlanan kitapta hi\u00e7 \u00f6ns\u00f6z olmamas\u0131 da tuhaft\u0131r. Us\u00fclen b\u00f6yle bir kitaba ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 metni gerekir. Roman, Neue Deutsche Literatur adl\u0131 edebiyat dergisinde bir\u00e7ok kez konu edilmi\u015ftir ama arka planda ya\u015fanmakta olan olay hi\u00e7 i\u015flenmemi\u015ftir. Hatta romani \u2018kahramanca kurtulu\u015f m\u00fccadelesi veren bir halkin destani\u2019 olarak tan\u0131t\u0131p, hangi halk\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funu yazmayan yay\u0131n da vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fu Almanya\u2019n\u0131n bu konuda \u00e7izgisi Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019yle ayn\u0131 \u00e7izgide mi?<\/b><\/p>\n

Do\u011fu Almanya, Sovyetler\u2019in tasvip etmedi\u011fi bir \u015feyi yapabilecek ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131kta bir \u00fclke de\u011fildi. Ama Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n de\u011finildi\u011fi yerlerde kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc, \u00fc\u00e7 a\u015famal\u0131 bir y\u00f6ntem geli\u015ftirmi\u015fti. Metinlerde ilk olarak soyk\u0131r\u0131mdan s\u00f6z edildi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. \u0130kinci a\u015famada soyk\u0131r\u0131m sonras\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Sovyetler\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 tav\u0131r alan Ta\u015fnaklar\u2019\u0131n negatif tasvirlenmesi geliyor. Ta\u015fnaklar, Ermeniler\u2019e soyk\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar kadar, hatta kimi metinlerde onlardan daha \u00e7ok zarar vermi\u015f olarak betimleniyorlar. Son a\u015fmada da Ermenilerin kurtulu\u015fu ve Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa ula\u015fmas\u0131 Sovyetler\u2019in hanesine yaz\u0131l\u0131yor ve bu geli\u015fim sosyalizmin b\u00fcy\u00fck zaferi olarak sunuluyor.<\/p>\n

Sovyetler\u2019de \u00f6nemli bir Ermeni n\u00fcfus ya\u015farken, Ermenilerin \u2018burjuva\u2019 olarak kodlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7 siyasette sorun yaratabilecek bir \u00e7izgi de\u011fil mi?<\/b><\/p>\n

Sovyetler i\u00e7in kesinlikle bir sorun te\u015fkil etmiyordu. Neden etsin ki zaten? Ermeniler, Sovyet n\u00fcfusunun yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 1\u2019ini olu\u015fturuyorlard\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca Sovyet Ermenistan\u0131\u2019ndaki y\u00f6neticiler veya Duma\u2019da s\u00f6z sahibi olan Ermeniler de sosyalist kimliklerini \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131yor, ulusal kimliklerini has\u0131ralt\u0131 ediyorlard\u0131. Ben Sovyet ar\u015fivini ara\u015ft\u0131rmad\u0131m, o nedenle Sovyet metinlerinde de bu t\u00fcr bir kodland\u0131r\u0131lma olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmiyorum lakin bu kodlanma Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n i\u00e7 siyasetinde bir sorun olarak kalm\u0131\u015f ve \u00f6zellikle de soyk\u0131r\u0131m an\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fcndeme gelince daha da belirginle\u015fmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Nas\u0131l bir belirginle\u015fme s\u00fcrecinden bahsediyorsunuz?<\/b><\/p>\n

Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n 50. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131d\u0131r. Katolikos I. Vazgen\u2019in 1964 y\u0131l\u0131 sonunda, 1965\u2019i yas y\u0131l\u0131 ilan etmesinin ard\u0131ndan de\u011finmelerde bir de\u011fi\u015fim g\u00f6zlenmektedir. Samuel Beckett\u2019in oyunlar\u0131ndaki gibi, s\u00f6ylenen s\u00f6z de\u011fil, s\u00f6ylenmeyen s\u00f6z\u00fcn a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r. Ocak ba\u015f\u0131nda Franz Werfel\u2019in roman\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019da 55.000 adet bas\u0131l\u0131r ve t\u00fckenir. Bu, Do\u011fu Alman gazeteleri i\u00e7in de bir haberdir. Ama y\u00fczbinlerce insan\u0131n Ermenistan sokaklar\u0131na d\u00f6k\u00fclmesi ve bu an\u0131tta direnmesi bir haber de\u011fildir. \u00dcstelik bu an\u0131t 4500 m2 bir alan\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r. Sovyet co\u011frafyas\u0131nda bu \u00e7apta milli bir an\u0131t hi\u00e7bir yerde dikilmemi\u015ftir. An\u0131t\u0131n iki sene sonra yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131na Sovyet yetkililer gelmezler. Do\u011fu Alman bas\u0131n\u0131nda an\u0131tla ilgili tek haber yer almaz. Ermeniler d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda anma etkinlikleri d\u00fczenlerler. Bu etkinlikleri Boston Globe\u2019dan Washington Post\u2019a, New York Times\u2019tan Le Monde\u2019a uluslararas\u0131 bir\u00e7ok \u00f6nemli gazete haber yaparken, Do\u011fu Alman gazeteleri konuya yer vermezler. Oysa ayn\u0131 sene, soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n zaman a\u015f\u0131m\u0131na u\u011framas\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 da g\u00fcndemdedir. Hem Bat\u0131 hem Do\u011fu Almanya konuyu tart\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 bu ba\u011flamda ele al\u0131nmaz.<\/p>\n

Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yle ili\u015fkileri bozulmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019na y\u00f6nelik bu tavr\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi neden?<\/b><\/p>\n

Sovyetler ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin aras\u0131 d\u00f6nem d\u00f6nem iyi, kimi zaman da mesafeli olmu\u015ftur. \u00d6zellikle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin NATO\u2019ya \u00fcye olmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan olu\u015fan bir gergin d\u00f6nemden s\u00f6z edilebilir. Ama soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 50. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde her iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda diplomatik ba\u011flar tekrar g\u00fc\u00e7lendirildi. Mesela iki \u00fclke birlikte, Ermenistan ve T\u00fcrkiye arasindaki s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131, Ermenistan\u2019in kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n belirlediler. Sovyetler Birligi ve T\u00fcrkiye yak\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 Do\u011fu Alman bas\u0131n\u0131nda da g\u00f6zlemlenmektedir. Mesela \u2018Neues Deutschland\u2019 (Yeni Tanin) gazetesinin Do\u011fu Almanya\u2019n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 yolundaki yaz\u0131sin\u0131 Ekim 1965\u2019te haber yapar. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Sovyetlerle yak\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 Do\u011fu Bloku\u2019na da start almalar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir nevi iletidir.<\/p>\n

1965\u2019ten sonra veya ASALA\u2019n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131yla bu tarih okumas\u0131nda bir de\u011fi\u015fim g\u00f6r\u00fcyor muyuz?<\/b><\/p>\n

Dogu Alman gazeteleri i\u00e7inde en \u00e7ok okunan \u00fc\u00e7 gazeteyi ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131m: Bir nevi Pravda olan Neues Deutschland gazetesi, liberal bir \u00e7izgide yay\u0131n yapan Berliner Zeitung ve muhalefet gazetesi Neue Zeit. Bu gazetelerde ASALA\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fc ge\u00e7miyor. Sadece Paris Orly-Bask\u0131n\u0131 \u00fczerine k\u0131sa bilgi yer al\u0131yor ama Ermenilerle ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131na de\u011finilmiyor. \u0130lk olarak 1991\u2019de Neue Zeit gazetesi, Do\u011fu Alman gizli servisinin ASALA\u2019n\u0131n 1983\u2019te ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirece\u011fi bir di\u011fer eylemi engelledi\u011fi haberine yer veriyor. S\u00fcreli yay\u0131nlarda ise Standpunkt dergisinde Hermann Goltz, ASALA eylemlerine k\u0131sa bir g\u00f6nderme yapar. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 gazetede ASALA\u2019yla ilgili \u00e7\u0131kan haberler bunlarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/tr\/yazi\/15129\/soykirim-konusunda-turk-tarih-soylemi-ile-dogu-alman-soylemi-ortusuyor<\/a><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vartan Estukyan\u00a0 K\u00f6ln \u00dcniversitesi Tarih B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc mezunlar\u0131ndan Sandy Zurikyan da, k\u0131sa s\u00fcre \u00f6nce tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tez konusunda Do\u011fu Almanya ve Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131 konu edindi. Bir d\u00f6nem Agos\u2019un k\u00fclt\u00fcr sanat edit\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc de yapan Zurikyan\u2019la Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Do\u011fu Almanya\u2019daki yans\u0131malar\u0131n\u0131 konu\u015ftuk. 1948 BM Soyk\u0131r\u0131m S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019ne giden yolda yap\u0131lan tart\u0131\u015fmalar, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 Nazilerin dolay\u0131s\u0131yla fa\u015fizmin i\u015fledi\u011fi bir su\u00e7 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":39768,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44,1,71],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39767","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ermeni-soykirimi","category-haberler","category-mulakatlar"],"yoast_head":"\n\u2018Soyk\u0131r\u0131m konusunda T\u00fcrk tarih s\u00f6ylemi ile Do\u011fu Alman s\u00f6ylemi \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor\u2019 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=39767\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u2018Soyk\u0131r\u0131m konusunda T\u00fcrk tarih s\u00f6ylemi ile Do\u011fu Alman s\u00f6ylemi \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor\u2019 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Vartan Estukyan\u00a0 K\u00f6ln \u00dcniversitesi Tarih B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc mezunlar\u0131ndan Sandy Zurikyan da, k\u0131sa s\u00fcre \u00f6nce tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tez konusunda Do\u011fu Almanya ve Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131 konu edindi. 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