Giri\u015f<\/b><\/p>\n
Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyerek, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi\u2019nin en temel ve en \u00f6nemli stratejik amac\u0131n\u0131n, Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n ata yurdunun tamamen i\u015fgal edilmesi konusundaki Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fahlar\u0131n\u0131n ezeli hayallerinin hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun genelinde, farkl\u0131 etnik gruplar\u0131n asimilasyonu ve tek unsurlu bir etnik toplumun \u015fekillendirilmesi konusundaki s\u00fcregelen \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n neticesiz kalmas\u0131, J\u00f6n T\u00fcrk y\u00f6netimini (1908-1918), Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n Ermenisizle\u015ftirilmesi amac\u0131n\u0131, Ermenilerin toplu tehciri ve fiziki olarak organize \u015fekilde imha edilmesi sayesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye iter.<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fahlar\u0131, Ermenilerin de Yunanl\u0131lar, Makedonlar, Bulgarlar, Arnavutlar ve Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda bask\u0131 g\u00f6ren di\u011fer halklar gibi isyan edip, er veya ge\u00e7 milli \u00f6z belirtim hakk\u0131 talep edecekleri konusunda \u015f\u00fcphe ta\u015f\u0131mamaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Lakin Yunanistan, Makedonya, Bulgaristan ve Arnavutluk\u2019un aksine, Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n co\u011frafi-siyasi konumu, padi\u015fahlar\u0131, Ermeni Sorunu\u2019na y\u00f6nelik farkl\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131m sergilemeye mecbur k\u0131lar. Ermenistan, onlar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan do\u011fuya a\u00e7\u0131lan stratejik bir kap\u0131 olup, as\u0131l \u201cTuran\u201d yurdunun ele ge\u00e7irilmesi konusundaki \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131 oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131, Ermeni Sorunu, Panturanizm\u2019in \u201ck\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131\u00e7izgisi\u201d olarak kabul edilmekteydi.<\/p>\n
Bu makalenin temel konusu, XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l ile XX. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131ndaki Osmanl\u0131 tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n Ermenistan kavram\u0131na y\u00f6nelik yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 masaya yat\u0131rmakt\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n var oldu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011finin, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti tarih bilimi taraf\u0131ndan tamamen \u00e7arp\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 olgusu hesaba kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu \u00e7arp\u0131t\u0131lmaya bir temel geli\u015ftirme amac\u0131yla, \u201cUrartu devletinin T\u00fcrk k\u00f6kleri\u201d veya \u201cErmeni milletinin yerli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusu\u201d gibi sahte ve uyduruk teoriler ortaya at\u0131lmakta oldu\u011funu hesaba katarak, Ermenistan kavram\u0131 hakk\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 tarih bilimi yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kartmakla, T\u00fcrk modern tarih bilimi teorilerinin sa\u00e7mal\u0131klar\u0131 kendili\u011finden kan\u0131tlan\u0131p, \u00f6zellikle de Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n i\u015fgal edilmi\u015f b\u00f6lgelerini kurtarma konusundaki Ermenilerin tarihi hakk\u0131 per\u00e7inlenmektedir.<\/p>\n
Tarihi hak, devletleraras\u0131 ili\u015fkiler alan\u0131nda pek \u00e7ok devlet taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan kavramlardand\u0131r. Bu kavram\u0131n \u00e7ok katmanl\u0131 ve \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc kullan\u0131lma yo\u011funlu\u011funa ra\u011fmen, tarihi hak kavram\u0131n\u0131n hukuki a\u00e7\u0131dan tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 ve nazari betimlenmesi hen\u00fcz netle\u015ftirilip, \u015fekillendirilmemi\u015ftir. Var olan betimlemeler \u00e7ok \u015fekilli ve \u00e7e\u015fitlidir. \u00d6zellikle bu haktan kaynaklanan sonu\u00e7lar ve var olan stat\u00fckonun \u00e7i\u011fnenmesine y\u00f6nelik ad\u0131mlar\u0131n me\u015frulu\u011fu konusu son derece belirsizdir. Bununla birlikte tarihsel hak b\u00f6lgesel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131, devletleraras\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 veya \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 konusundaki temel \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131d\u0131r. Biz bu a\u00e7\u0131dan, \u00f6ncelikle tarihsel hakk\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca yorumlamalar\u0131n\u0131 derleyip, takdim etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak, ard\u0131ndan da tarihsel hak \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u201cErmenistan\u201d co\u011frafi-b\u00f6lgesel kavram\u0131yla ilgili Osmanl\u0131 tarih biliminin tan\u0131mlama ve betimlemelerini ele alaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n
Hukuk\u00e7u ve tarih\u00e7ilerden Alman Friedrich Carl von Savigny (1779-1861)[1]<\/a> ile \u0130ngiliz Henry Sumner Maine (1822-1888)[2]<\/a>, tarihsel hak teorisinin kurucular\u0131 olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu teorisyenlere g\u00f6re milli dil, t\u00f6ren ve adetler gibi, hak ve hukuk da \u201ctoplumsal vicdan\u201d ve bunun tarihsel deviniminin genel \u00e7\u00f6zg\u00fcs\u00fc \u00fczerinde \u015fekillenmektedir[3]<\/a>. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan \u201ctabii hakk\u0131n\u201d evrensel hak ve di\u011fer uluslararas\u0131 hukuk teorilerine ra\u011fmen, tarihsel hak (historical right) ve tarihsel hukuk (historical jurisprudence) teorisi, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn tarihsel deneyimi ve ge\u00e7mi\u015fiyle ko\u015fulland\u0131rmaktad\u0131r[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n Bilimsel makalelerde, Yunanistan k\u00fclt\u00fcr bakan\u0131 Melina Merkuri\u2019nin 1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda Britanya M\u00fczesi\u2019ne (British Museum) sunmu\u015f oldu\u011fu, Atina i\u00e7kalesi (Acropolis) hazinelerinin geri verilmesi talebi, klasik bir \u00f6rnek olarak belirtilmektedir[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n Tarihsel hak temelinde \u015fekillenen benzer taleplerin haricinde, b\u00f6lgesel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 da, genel olarak tarihsel hak kavram\u0131na d\u00e2hil olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan, Yahudi ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, hukuk ve felsefe hocas\u0131 Chaim Gans\u2019a istinaden, \u201cmilli gruplar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucunda, tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 b\u00f6lgenin ilk \u00f6nce hangi grup taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu[6]<\/a>\u201d arg\u00fcman\u0131yla, tarihsel hakk\u0131n genel \u00e7\u00f6zg\u00fcs\u00fc \u00fczerinde b\u00f6lgesel talebi gerek\u00e7elendirmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Gens\u2019e istinaden, \u00c7ekoslovakya\u2019n\u0131n S\u00fcdet b\u00f6lgesine y\u00f6nelik talebi, S\u00fcdet b\u00f6lgesinde ilk olarak \u00c7ekoslovakya\u2019n\u0131n egemenlik tesis etmi\u015f oldu\u011fu konusundaki tarihsel arg\u00fcman\u0131yla gerek\u00e7elendirilmi\u015ftir[7]<\/a>. Daha ba\u015fka ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar da, tarihsel hak kavram\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ek olaylar \u00fczerinden form\u00fcle etmeyi denemi\u015ftir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Basra K\u00f6rfezi\u2019ndeki \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc adalar\u0131n (B\u00fcy\u00fck ve K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Tunb ile Abu Musa) aidiyet sorununda, \u0130ran taraf\u0131ndan gerek\u00e7elendirilen en \u00f6nemli arg\u00fcman, tarihsel hak kavram\u0131yla ilgili olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n \u201cBritanya resmi dosyalar\u0131 ve belgeleri, raporlar\u0131 ve resmi yay\u0131nlar\u0131, savunma ve d\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri bakanl\u0131klar\u0131, deniz kuvvetleri ve Do\u011fu Hindistan \u015eirketi taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan resmi veya yar\u0131 resmi haritalarda, \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc adalar\u0131n \u0130ran\u2019a ait oldu\u011fu olgusu bir\u00e7ok kez tasdik edilmi\u015ftir[8]<\/a>\u201d.<\/p>\n Ermeni-T\u00fcrk ili\u015fkileri ba\u011flam\u0131nda, tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerin aidiyeti sorununun tarihsel hak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan basit bir mant\u0131kla gerek\u00e7elendirilmekte oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekteyiz. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin resmi ar\u015fivsel, tarihsel ve co\u011frafi kaynaklar\u0131nda, s\u00f6z konusu b\u00f6lgelerde Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tasdik edilmesi, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bu b\u00f6lgelerin i\u015fgal alt\u0131nda bulunmaya devam etti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.<\/p>\n \u015eimdi de belirtilen kaynaklar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131, kronolojik s\u0131rayla g\u00f6stermeyi deneyece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n \u00a01.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b>Mehmet \u0130bn-i Ali Sipahizade (\u2026-1589), \u201cEvdah\u00fc\u2019l-mesalik ila ma\u2019rifeti\u2019l-b\u00fcldan ve\u2019lmemalik\u201d (1585)<\/b><\/p>\n Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun \u00f6nde gelen tarih\u00e7i ve co\u011frafyac\u0131s\u0131 Mehmet \u0130bn-i Ali Sipahizade\u2019nin Bursa\u2019da do\u011fmu\u015f oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir. 1573 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren Mustafa Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n ismini ta\u015f\u0131yan mektebin m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc olmu\u015f, Konstantinopolis (\u0130stanbul-\u00e7ev. notu), Adrianapolis (Edirne-\u00e7ev. notu), Ba\u011fdat ve \u0130zmir\u2019de \u00f6\u011fretmenlik yapm\u0131\u015f ve 1589 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130zmir\u2019de vefat etmi\u015ftir[9]<\/a>. Geli\u015ftirmi\u015f oldu\u011fu tarih ve co\u011frafya nazariyatlar\u0131n\u0131 Arap\u00e7a olarak itinayla yaz\u0131ya d\u00f6k\u00fcp, derledikten sonra, 1585 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cEvdah\u00fc\u2019l-mesalik ila ma\u2019rifeti\u2019l-b\u00fcldan ve\u2019lmemalik\u201d (\u015eehirler ve Devletleri Tan\u0131ma Yollar\u0131n\u0131n A\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131) ad\u0131yla yay\u0131nlar[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n Sipahizade\u2019nin bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, zaman\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda m\u00fckemmel bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Bu eserde Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ve kom\u015fu devletlerdeki denizler, g\u00f6ller, nehirler, da\u011flar ve tepeler betimlenmekte, b\u00f6lgedeki \u015fehirler ve yer isimleriyle ilgili k\u0131sa veriler sunulmaktad\u0131r[11]<\/a>. Michigan \u00dcniversitesi Do\u011fu Bilimleri K\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fc T\u00fcrkoloji \u00f6\u011fretmeni Gottfried Hagen\u2019e g\u00f6re Sipahizade\u2019nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131,\u00a0 K\u00e2tip \u00c7elebi de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere, Osmanl\u0131 tarih\u00e7ileri ve co\u011frafyac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n daha sonraki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir temel olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n \u201cEvdah\u00fc\u2019l-mesalik ila ma\u2019rifeti\u2019l-b\u00fcldan ve\u2019lmemalik\u201d \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda Sipahizade, \u201cErzen el-Rum\u2019u\u201d (Erzurum) \u201cErmeniyye\u2019nin\u201d (Ermenistan) be\u015finci k\u0131sm\u0131 ve do\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r \u015fehri oldu\u011funu ve bu \u015fehirden sonra \u201cBelad el-Rum\u2019un\u201d (K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Hayk) b\u00f6lgesinin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmektedir[13]<\/a> (bk. resim 1).<\/p>\n \u00a0 Resim 1<\/b><\/p>\n Sipahizade, elyazmas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda \u201cErci\u015f\u201d (Arce\u015f), \u201cBitlis\u201d (Ba\u011fe\u015f), \u201cEkhlat\u201d (Ahlat\/Akhlat), \u201cMalazgirt\u201d (Mendskert[14]<\/a>), Mu\u015f ve Vostan\u2019\u0131 da Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n \u015fehirleri olarak g\u00f6stermektedir[15]<\/a>. Van\u2019la ilgili ise \u201cErmeniyye\u201d yerine, Ermenistan\u2019a e\u015f anlaml\u0131 olarak, Arap\u00e7a \u201cBelad ul-Ermen\u201d (Ermeni \u015fehirleri) terimini kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r[16]<\/a> (bk. resim 2).<\/p>\n \u00a02.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b>Hoca Sadeddin Efendi (1536-1599), \u201cT\u00e2c\u00fc\u2019t-Tevarih\u201d (1863)<\/b><\/p>\n 1536 veya 1537 y\u0131l\u0131nda do\u011fmu\u015f olan XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l Osmanl\u0131 bilim adam\u0131, tarih\u00e7isi ve devlet g\u00f6revlisi Hoca Sadeddin, III. Murat\u2019\u0131n \u00f6\u011fretmeni ve daha sonra dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. \u201c\u015eeyh \u00fcl-\u0130slam\u201d g\u00f6revinde bulunmu\u015f ve \u201cC\u00e2m\u2019i-\u00fcr Riy\u00e2seteyn\u201d (toplum b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc) lakab\u0131na sahip olmu\u015ftur[17]<\/a>. Hoca Sadeddin Efendi taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan tarih-co\u011frafya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u201cT\u00e2c\u00fc\u2019t-Tev\u00e2rih\u201d (Tarihlerin Zirvesi), 1863 y\u0131l\u0131nda iki cilt olarak Konstantinopolis\u2019te yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r[18]<\/a>. \u201cT\u00e2c\u00fc\u2019t-Tevarih\u2019te\u201d Osman Gazi\u2019den ba\u015flayarak, I. Sultan Selim\u2019e kadar olan d\u00f6nemde Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun tarihi olaylar\u0131 yer bulmaktad\u0131r. Hoca Sadeddin\u2019in notlar\u0131nda Ermenistan ismi sadece yer bulmakla kalmam\u0131\u015f, co\u011frafi tan\u0131mlamas\u0131na da yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n \u00d6rne\u011fin Sultan II. Murat\u2019\u0131n tahminen 1428 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki Karaman \u201cF\u00fctuhat\u2019lar\u0131na\u201d de\u011finirken, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Hayk\u2019\u0131n (B\u00fcy\u00fck ve K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Ermenistan-\u00e7ev. notu) co\u011frafi konumlar\u0131 \u00f6zellikle i\u015flenmi\u015ftir[19]<\/a> (bk. resim 3).<\/p>\n \u00a03.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b>Mustafa Ali \u0130bn-i Ahmet (Gelibolulu) (1541-1600), \u201cK\u00fcnh\u00fc\u2019l-Ahb\u00e2r\u201d (1861)<\/b><\/p>\n Gelibolu\u2019da do\u011fmu\u015f olan H\u0131rvat as\u0131ll\u0131 m\u00fchtedi, XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l Osmanl\u0131 tarih\u00e7isi Mustafa Ali[20]<\/a>, 1599 veya 1600 y\u0131l\u0131nda vefat etmi\u015ftir[21]<\/a>. Bir Orta\u00e7a\u011f Osmanl\u0131 haritas\u0131[22]<\/a> haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f olan Gelibolulu mahlasl\u0131 Mustafa Ali\u2019nin, haritas\u0131nda \u201cM\u00fclk-i Ermen\u201d (Ermeni \u00fclkesi), co\u011frafi a\u00e7\u0131dan, \u201cDiyarbak\u0131r\u201d (Tigranakert), \u201cAzerbeycan\u201d (At\u0131rpatakan), \u201cG\u00fcrcistan\u201d ve \u201cK\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n\u201d kom\u015fusu olarak konumland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (bk. resim 4).<\/p>\n Gelibolulu\u2019nun tarih-co\u011frafya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, tahminen T\u00fcrk \u00e7evirmen Yaz\u0131c\u0131 Selahattin taraf\u0131ndan[23]<\/a> Arap\u00e7adan Osmanl\u0131caya \u00e7evrilmi\u015f ve 1861 y\u0131l\u0131nda Konstantinopolis\u2019te yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201cK\u00fcnh\u00fc\u2019l-Ahb\u00e2r\u201d olarak an\u0131lan be\u015f ciltlik bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada teoloji, matematik, tarih ve co\u011frafya konular\u0131nda \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc veriler ve bilgiler bulunmaktad\u0131r[24]<\/a>. Gelibolulu, co\u011frafi a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n\u0131n birka\u00e7 yerinde \u201cErmeniyye\u201d (Ermenistan) ismini, bilinen bir co\u011frafi nokta olarak kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u201cCezire\u201d vilayetinin (Mezopotamya) konumunu a\u00e7\u0131klamak niyetiyle, bat\u0131s\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131rda\u015f olarak \u201cErmeniyye\u201d ismini kullanmaktad\u0131r[25]<\/a> (bk. resim 5).<\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0Gelibolulunun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda, At\u0131rpatakan\u2019la ilgili de benzer a\u00e7\u0131klamalar g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr[26]<\/a> (bk. resim 6).<\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0Gelibolulu\u2019nun \u201cKhlat\u201d veya Akhlat\u2019\u0131n haricinde[27]<\/a> (bk. resim 7), \u201c\u015eamakhi\u201d, \u201c\u015eaki\u201d (Nukha), \u201c\u015eapuran\u201d (\u015earur olabilir), \u201cKenez\u201d (Ke\u015ftaz olabilir) ve \u201c\u015eirvan\u2019\u0131\u201d[28]<\/a> da \u201cErmeniyye\u201d \u015fehirleri aras\u0131nda saymas\u0131 enteresand\u0131r (bk. resim 8).<\/p>\n \u00a0 4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b>Mehmet-Bin-Mehmet-Edrenevi (Edreneli) (\u2026-1640), \u201cNuhbet\u00fc\u2019t-Tevarih ve\u2019l-Ahbar\u201d (1859)<\/b><\/p>\n \u00a0Osmanl\u0131 tarih\u00e7isi Mehmet-Bin-Mehmet-Edrenevi\u2019nin (Edreneli) \u00f6zge\u00e7mi\u015fiyle ilgili veriler son derece eksiktir[29]<\/a>. Mehmet-Bin-Mehmet-Edrenevi\u2019den geriye kalan birka\u00e7 tarihi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n aras\u0131nda \u201cNuhbet\u00fc\u2019t-Tevarih ve\u2019l-Ahbar\u201d[30]<\/a> da bulunmaktad\u0131r (hik\u00e2yeler ve veriler ba\u015fyap\u0131t\u0131). Edrenevi\u2019nin s\u0131k\u00e7a, XVI.-XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131l Osmanl\u0131 tarih\u00e7isi ve \u201cTarih-i Al-i Osman\u201d (Osman\u2019\u0131n S\u00fclalesinin Tarihi) adl\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n yazar\u0131 Mehmet-Bin-Mehmet-El-Rumi ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek gerekir[31]<\/a>.<\/p>\n Edrenevi, \u201cNuhbet\u00fc\u2019t-Tevarih ve\u2019l-Ahbar\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 iki ciltlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n, 1859 y\u0131l\u0131nda bas\u0131lan birinci cildinde, Sel\u00e7uklu h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Alparslan\u2019\u0131n \u201cf\u00fctuhat\u0131ndan\u201d bahsederken, G\u00fcrcistan, At\u0131rpatakan ve \u201cAran\u201dla[32]<\/a> birlikte, Ermenistan\u2019\u0131 da anmakta ve G\u00fcrcistan ile Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n i\u015fgali olgusunu[33]<\/a> (bk. Resim 9) da belirtmektedir.<\/p>\n \u00a05.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b>Mehmet Hemdemi Solakzade (1592-1658), \u201cTarih-i Solakzade\u201d (1880)<\/b><\/p>\n \u00a0Osmanl\u0131 tarih\u00e7isi ve m\u00fczisyeni Mehmet Hemdemi, Konstantinopolis\u2019te d\u00fcnyaya gelir. Padi\u015fah\u0131n korumalar\u0131ndan \u00fcnl\u00fc yeni\u00e7eri, ok\u00e7u Solak\u2019\u0131n o\u011fludur. 1658 y\u0131l\u0131nda Konstantinopolis\u2019te vefat etmi\u015f olan Solakzade\u2019nin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan birka\u00e7 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan, \u201cTarih-i Solakzade\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 tarih notlar\u0131, bir kitap halinde yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r[34]<\/a>. Solakzade, belirtilen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada Ermenistan\u2019\u0131 Arap\u00e7a \u015fekliyle \u201cErmeniyye\u201d[35]<\/a> (bk. Resim 10) olarak anmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a06.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b>K\u00e2tip \u00c7elebi (1609-57) \u201cCihann\u00fcma\u201d (1732)<\/b><\/p>\n \u00a0Osmanl\u0131 tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131nda \u201cErmeniyye\u201d (Ermenistan) teriminin co\u011frafi en eski betimlenmesi, Osmanl\u0131 siyaset adam\u0131, edebiyat\u00e7\u0131 ve yay\u0131nc\u0131 \u0130brahim M\u00fcteferrika taraf\u0131ndan \u201cCihann\u00fcma\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla 1732 y\u0131l\u0131nda haz\u0131rlan\u0131p, bas\u0131lan, K\u00e2tip \u00c7elebi\u2019nin tarihi-co\u011frafi notlar\u0131yla ilgilidir[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n Osmanl\u0131 tarih\u00e7isi, co\u011frafyac\u0131 K\u00e2tip \u00c7elebi, as\u0131l ad\u0131yla Mustafa Bin Abdullah, Konstantinopolis\u2019te do\u011fmu\u015ftur. T\u00fcrk tarih\u00e7ili\u011finin gururu[37]<\/a> olarak kabul edilen K\u00e2tip \u00c7elebi, babas\u0131n\u0131n izinden gidip, gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun hizmetine girerek, 13 y\u0131l boyunca Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun \u201cF\u00fctuhat\u201d (fetih) siyasetinin askeri operasyonlar\u0131na kat\u0131l\u0131r. Hac\u0131 Halife ad\u0131yla da tan\u0131nmakta[38]<\/a> olan K\u00e2tip \u00c7elebi, Ermeni tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131nda bazen, tekrar Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun sayg\u0131n tarih\u00e7ilerinden olup, \u201cSeyahatn\u00e2me\u201d adl\u0131 tarih kitab\u0131n\u0131n yazar\u0131 olan Evliya \u00c7elebi (1611-82)[39]<\/a> ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n 1654 y\u0131l\u0131nda notlar\u0131n\u0131 tamamlayarak, \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6reler ve yerle\u015fim yerleri hakk\u0131nda somut kavramlar, co\u011frafi, istatistik\u00ee ve demografik zengin veriler ihtiva eden yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymu\u015f olan K\u00e2tip \u00c7elebi[40]<\/a>, 1657 y\u0131l\u0131nda Konstantinopolis\u2019te vefat etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n K\u00e2tip \u00c7elebi, \u201cCihann\u00fcma\u201d \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda \u201c\u0130klim-i Ermeniyye\u201dye (Ermenistan B\u00f6lgesi) \u00f6zel bir yer ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n eyaletleri ile b\u00f6lgelerini listelemi\u015ftir[41]<\/a> (bk. Resim 11 ve 12).<\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0K\u00e2tip \u00c7elebi taraf\u0131ndan \u201c\u0130klim-i Ermeniyye\u201d \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda belirtilen b\u00f6lgelerde \u201cEyalet-i Van\u201d, \u201cBarkiri\u201d (Berkri), Akhlat (Ahlat\/Khlat), Tatvan (Datvan), Mu\u015f (Taron), Kho\u015fab, \u201cEyalet-i Erzrum\u201d vs. g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u00fcrkiye devletinin, isimleri deforme etmeye y\u00f6nelik yayg\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n aksine S\u00fcphan Da\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, K\u00e2tip \u00c7elebi taraf\u0131ndan \u201cSubhan\u201d veya Suphan\u201d de\u011fil de, \u201cSiban\u201d olarak an\u0131lmas\u0131 belirtmeye de\u011fer.<\/p>\n \u00a07.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b>Ahmed Dede M\u00fcneccimba\u015f\u0131 (1631-1702), \u201cSahaif\u00fc’l-Ahb\u00e2r-i M\u00fcneccimba\u015f\u0131\u201d (1868).<\/b><\/p>\n Osmanl\u0131 tarih\u00e7isi, g\u00f6kbilimci ve m\u00fcneccim Ahmed Dede M\u00fcneccimba\u015f\u0131, Selanik\u2019te do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Ahmed L\u00fctfullah mahlas\u0131yla da tan\u0131nan M\u00fcneccimba\u015f\u0131, IV. Mehmet\u2019in m\u00fcneccimba\u015f\u0131s\u0131 olmu\u015f, g\u00f6kbilimcili\u011fi ve tarih\u00e7ili\u011fi babas\u0131 L\u00fctfullah Karaman\u2019\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015ftir. D\u00fcnya ve Osmanl\u0131 tarihiyle ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan[42]<\/a> tahminen 1672[43]<\/a> y\u0131l\u0131nda Arap\u00e7a yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan \u201cSahaif\u00fc’l-Ahb\u00e2r\u201d belirtilmeye de\u011fer. M\u00fcneccimba\u015f\u0131\u2019nin bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 daha sonra Osmanl\u0131caya \u00e7evrilerek, \u201cSahaif\u00fc’l-Ahb\u00e2r-i M\u00fcneccimba\u015f\u0131\u201d (M\u00fcneccimba\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Haber Sayfalar\u0131) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla 1868 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u00dc\u00e7 ciltlik bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ilk cildinde yazar \u201cEramene muluk\u201da (Ermeni Krall\u0131klar\u0131) \u00f6zel bir ba\u015fl\u0131k\u00a0 ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve Ermeni tarihinin farkl\u0131 kademelerini[44]<\/a> ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde tahlil ederek, Ermeni ulusunun be\u015fi\u011fi olan \u201cErmeniyye\u201dye (Ermenistan) y\u00f6nelik Ermenilerin egemenli\u011fini kesin bir \u015fekilde belirlemektedir[45]<\/a> (bk. Resim 13).<\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0Ahmed Dede M\u00fcneccimba\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, bulundu\u011fu zaman\u0131n bilimsel kazan\u0131mlar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u201cErmeniyye\u201dnin (Ermenistan) co\u011frafik konumunu son derece kesin bir \u015fekilde tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu belirtmek gerekir. B\u00f6ylelikle, ikinci ciltte Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nemli \u015fehirleri ile b\u00f6lgelerinin ismi Van, Mu\u015f (Taron), Erzincan (Yerz\u0131nka), Melazcerd (Manazkert\/Malazgirt), Bitlis (Ba\u011fe\u015f) ile Terabuzan (Trapizon\/Trabzon) liman\u0131, Erci\u015f (Ar\u00e7e\u015f), Ekhlat (Khlat\/Ahlat) vs. ile baz\u0131 dikkat \u00e7eken koordinatlar[46]<\/a> belirtmektedir (bk. Resim 14).<\/p>\n \u00a0 M\u00fcneccimba\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sunmu\u015f oldu\u011fu co\u011frafi veriler hakk\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k bir fikir elde etmek i\u00e7in, ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan haritac\u0131 Gerardus Mercator (1512-1594) taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f ve 1632 y\u0131l\u0131nda Amsterdam\u2019da yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f olan \u201cNATOL\u0130E S\u0130VE AS\u0130A M\u0130NOR\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 haritaya[47]<\/a> bakmak gerekir.<\/p>\n Haritan\u0131n ilgili b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde g\u00f6sterilen co\u011frafi sistem, M\u00fcneccimba\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n koordinatlar\u0131na uymaktad\u0131r (bk. Resim 15).<\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0M\u00fcneccimba\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sundu\u011fu koordinatlar, B\u00fcy\u00fck Hayk\u2019\u0131n bat\u0131 ve K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Hayk\u2019\u0131n do\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 Trabzon ve Bayburt\u2019tan ba\u015flayarak, Harput ve Malatya \u00fczerinden Sis ve Adana\u2019ya kadar kabaca nitelemektedir.<\/p>\n \u201cSahaif\u00fc’l-Ahb\u00e2r-i M\u00fcneccimba\u015f\u0131\u201d \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda dikkat \u00e7eken bir hususa daha rastlamaktay\u0131z. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ikinci cildinin bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00f6rne\u011finde, Ermeni krall\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ilgili iki ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tamamen \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece, \u201cliste\u201dden (bk. Resim 16) g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, hem belirtilen iki ba\u015fl\u0131ktan \u00f6nce gelen ba\u015fl\u0131k, hem de daha sonraki ba\u015fl\u0131k 578. sayfadan ba\u015flamakta[48]<\/a>, 578. sayfada ise Ermenilikle ilgili zerre kadar veri bulunmamaktad\u0131r[49]<\/a>.<\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a08. \u0130brahim Hakk\u0131 Erzurumi (1703-80), \u201cMarifetname\u201d (1806)<\/b><\/p>\n \u00a0Osmanl\u0131 filozofu ve ansiklopedicisi \u0130brahim Hakk\u0131 Erzurumi, Hasankale\u2019de (Bolorapahak[50]<\/a>) do\u011fmu\u015f ve Siirt\u2019te[51]<\/a> (S\u011fert) vefat etmi\u015ftir.\u00a0 Erzurumi\u2019nin astronomi, matematik ve psikoloji bilgileri,\u00a0 verileri ve fikirlerinin derlenmi\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00fcnl\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u201cMarifetname\u201d (Bilgelik Kitab\u0131), 1756 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r[52]<\/a>. \u201cMarifetname\u2019nin\u201d1806 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mustafa \u0130bn-i Abdullah taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131nan elyazmas\u0131 se\u00e7ene\u011finin[53]<\/a> ilk k\u0131sm\u0131nda, \u0130brahim Hakk\u0131 Erzurumi taraf\u0131ndan co\u011frafya alan\u0131ndaki g\u00fcncel veriler ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde irdelenerek,<\/p>\n \u201cErmeniyye\u2019den\u201d \u201cAmed-Diyarbak\u0131r\u201d, \u201cMalazgirt\u201d (Mendskert), Akhlat, \u201cErci\u015f\u201d (Ar\u00e7e\u015f), Van ve Ani gibi b\u00f6lgedeki baz\u0131 \u015fehirlerin koordinatlar\u0131 sunulmaktad\u0131r[54]<\/a> (bk. resim 17).<\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0\u201cMarifetname\u2019nin\u201d bir di\u011fer elyazmas\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011finde, yukar\u0131da belirtilen koordinatlar\u0131n tekrarlanmas\u0131n\u0131n haricinde [55]<\/a> (bk. resim 16), \u201cRevan\u201d (Yerevan) ve Bak\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn co\u011frafi koordinatlar\u0131 da d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere, Do\u011fu Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n \u015fehirleri de belirtilmektedir[56]<\/a> (bk. resim 19).<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong>.<\/p>\n \u00a09. <\/strong>Mehmet Sait Feraizciz\u00e2de (\u2026-1835), \u201cTarih-i G\u00fcl\u015fen-i Ma\u00e2rif\u201d (1836), XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l<\/b><\/p>\n Osmanl\u0131 tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131nda \u201cErmeniyye\u201d (Ermenistan) isminin belirtilmi\u015f oldu\u011fu en eski \u00f6rneklerinden birini, Mehmet Sait Feraizciz\u00e2de\u2019nin \u201cTarih-i G\u00fcl\u015fen-i Ma\u00e2rif\u201d (Bilimlerin Se\u00e7meli Tarihi) ciltlerinde bulmaktay\u0131z. Osmanl\u0131 tarih\u00e7isi Mehmet Sait Feraizciz\u00e2de, Bursa\u2019da do\u011fmu\u015ftur (do\u011fum tarihi bilinmemektedir). Baz\u0131 kaynaklara nazaran[57]<\/a> Feraizciz\u00e2de, kendi d\u00f6neminin tarihi verilerine \u00e7ok iyi derecede vak\u0131f olmu\u015f ve uzun y\u0131llar Bursa\u2019da tarih dersi vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n \u201cTarih-i G\u00fcl\u015fen-i Ma\u00e2rif\u201din ilk cildinde birka\u00e7 kez \u201cErmeniyye\u201d ismi[58]<\/a> belirtilmektedir (bk. Resim 20 ve 21).<\/p>\n \u00a0Bir ba\u015fka yerde ise Sultan Mehmet Bin Sultan Murat Han Gazi[59]<\/a> (Fatih Sultan Mehmet) \u00f6nderli\u011finde \u201cDiyar-\u0131-Ermeniyye\u201dnin (Ermenistan \u00fclkesi) Tercan (Dercan) k\u0131rlar\u0131ndaki[60]<\/a> askeri faaliyetlere de\u011finilmektedir (bk. Resim 22).<\/p>\n \u00a0 10.\u00a0 <\/b>Hayrullah Efendi (1817-1866), \u201cT\u00e2r\u00eeh-i Devlet-i Aliyye-i Osman\u00eeyye\u201d (1854-1864)<\/b><\/p>\n \u00a0Osmanl\u0131 tarih\u00e7isi ve hekim Hayrullah Efendi Konstantinopolis\u2019te do\u011fmu\u015f, babas\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 din adam\u0131, teolog ve \u015fair Abd\u00fclhak Tarhan\u2019dan tarih ve edebiyat\u0131n esaslar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015ftir. Hayrullah Efendi, \u201cT\u00e2r\u00eeh-i Devlet-i Aliye-i Osman\u00eeyye\u201d (Y\u00fcce Osmanl\u0131 Devleti Tarihi) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 on alt\u0131 ciltlik eserin yazar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7e\u015fitli Osmanl\u0131, \u0130slam ve Avrupal\u0131 kaynaklar \u00fczerinde kurulu olan bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, Osmanl\u0131 ve d\u00fcnya tarihiyle ilgili olaylar\u0131 yal\u0131n bir dille sunmaktad\u0131r. Belirtilen ciltler, 1854-1864 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r[61]<\/a>. Ermenistan kelimesinin, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n birka\u00e7 cildinde yazar taraf\u0131ndan defalarca belirtilmi\u015f ve co\u011frafi olarak betimlenmi\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n haricinde, Ermenistan y\u00fcksek Platosu\u2019nun tarihi isimleri yeterli bilimsel esaslarla tespit edilmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n alt\u0131nc\u0131 cildinde, bir\u00e7ok kez \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Ermenistan\u201d (B\u00fcy\u00fck Hayk) ismi kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r[62]<\/a> (bk. Resim 23).<\/p>\n \u00a0 \u201cT\u00e2r\u00eeh-i Devlet-i Aliye-i Osman\u00eeyye\u201dnin yedinci cildinde birka\u00e7 kez \u201cK\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Ermenistan\u201d (K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Hayk) ismine rastlamaktay\u0131z[63]<\/a> (bk. Resim 24).<\/p>\n \u00a0 Resim 24<\/b><\/p>\n \u00a0Sekizinci[64]<\/a> ve onuncu[65]<\/a> ciltlerde B\u00fcy\u00fck Hayk i\u00e7in T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck\u201d kelimesinin yerine Arap\u00e7a \u201ck\u00fcbra\u201d (b\u00fcy\u00fck) kelimesini de kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (bk. Resim 25 ve 26).<\/p>\n \u00a0 11.\u00a0 <\/b>Ahmet Vefik Pa\u015fa (1823-1891), \u201cFezleke-i Tarih-i Osman\u00ee\u201d (1871)<\/b><\/p>\n Osmanl\u0131 devlet adam\u0131, diplomat, yazar ve \u00e7evirmen Ahmet Vefik Pa\u015fa, Konstantinopolis\u2019te do\u011fmu\u015ftur. \u0130ki kez vezir-i azam (b\u00fcy\u00fck vezir, ba\u015fbakan) ve iki kere de naz\u0131r-\u0131 maarif (e\u011fitim bakan\u0131) g\u00f6revlerinde bulunmu\u015ftur. Fransa ve \u0130ran\u2019da, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun vezir muhtar\u0131 (b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7i) g\u00f6revinde bulunmu\u015f, \u0130ran\u2019da el\u00e7i oldu\u011fu s\u00fcrede, o zamana kadar g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir \u015fekilde, el\u00e7ilik alan\u0131n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 b\u00f6lgesi olarak ilan edilmesi konusunda resmi a\u00e7\u0131klamada bulunmu\u015ftur[66]<\/a>. \u0130lk Osmanl\u0131ca s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile \u00e7ok say\u0131da edebi, tarihi, siyasi ve g\u00fcncel kitaplar\u0131n yazar\u0131 olan Ahmet Vefik Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n \u201cFezleke-i Tarih-i Osman\u00ee\u201d (Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n K\u0131sa Tarihi) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 1871 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n Ahmet Vefik \u201cFezleke-i Tarih-i Osman\u00ee\u201d \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ns\u00f6z\u00fcnde, Tatar egemenli\u011fi d\u00f6neminde T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131n\u0131n hareketleri ve g\u00f6\u00e7lerini ele almakta (bk. resim 27) ve a\u015firetlerin sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na maruz kalm\u0131\u015f olan Erzincan\u2019\u0131n (Yerz\u0131nka) ismini Ermenistan\u2019a ait bir yerle\u015fim yeri olarak belirtmektedir[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n \u00a0Ahmet Vefik, kitab\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde farkl\u0131 zamanlar\u0131n padi\u015fahlar\u0131n\u0131n fetihlerini (f\u00fctuhat) analiz ederek, fethedilen b\u00f6lgelerin isimlerini belirtmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u201cRevan\u201d\u0131 (Yerevan) ve Van\u2019\u0131 Ermenistan eyaletleri[69]<\/a> olarak anmakta (bk. Resim 28), Van\u2019la ilgili olarak \u00f6rne\u011fin, \u201cErci\u015f\u201d (Ar\u00e7e\u015f), Bitlis (Ba\u011fe\u015f), Hakk\u00e2ri gibi, eyaletin \u00f6nemli \u015fehirlerinin isimlerini de saymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n 12. Mehmet Tahir Bostanizade (\u2026-1867) \u201cM\u00fcsellesat-i m\u00fcsteviye ve k\u00fcrev\u00eeye\u201d (1867 ve 1872)<\/b><\/p>\n Tarihi, co\u011frafi ve genel olarak say\u0131s\u0131z bilimsel Osmanl\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131nda Ermenistan ismi belirtilmektedir. Osmanl\u0131 matematik\u00e7isi Mehmet Tahir Bostanizade\u2019nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda dahi, bu konuda dikkat \u00e7ekici de\u011finmelerin var oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frenmek ilgin\u00e7tir.<\/p>\n \u201cM\u00fcsellesat-i m\u00fcsteviye ve k\u00fcrev\u00eeye\u201d (K\u00fcresel ve \u0130ki Boyutlu Trigonometri) kitab\u0131 ilk olarak 1867[70]<\/a>, ikincisinde ise 1872 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u201cMekteb-i F\u00fcn\u00fbn-u Harbiyye-i \u015e\u00e2h\u00e2ne\u201d (Harp Okulu) taraf\u0131ndan, \u201cLitografya\u201d matbaas\u0131nda bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r[71]<\/a>. Mehmet Tahir Bostanizade, bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda co\u011frafi koordinatlar\u0131n tam hesaplanmas\u0131n\u0131 ele alarak, Osmanl\u0131 \u015fehirlerinin co\u011frafi verilerinin tablosunu haz\u0131rlar. Bu tabloda, Erzurum\u2019un bulundu\u011fu \u00fclke olarak (bulunduklar\u0131 memalik) \u201cErmenistan\u201d belirtilmektedir[72]<\/a> (bk. resim 29).<\/p>\n 13.\u00a0 <\/b>Abd\u00fcllatif Haf\u0131z Efendi \u201cZobdat al-Co\u011frafya\u201d (1867 ve 1872)<\/b><\/p>\n Tarih\u00e7i Abd\u00fcllatif Haf\u0131z Efendi\u2019yle ilgili biyografik veriler bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Sadece, Mehmet Tahir Bursal\u0131\u2019n\u0131n verilerinden, Abd\u00fcllatif Haf\u0131z Efendi taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan ve 1872\u2019de[73]<\/a> yay\u0131nlanan \u201cZobdat al-Co\u011frafya\u201dn\u0131n (Co\u011frafya Derlemesi), XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l Osmanl\u0131 co\u011frafi kaynaklar\u0131 listesinde[74]<\/a> bulundu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frenmekteyiz.<\/p>\n Abd\u00fcllatif Haf\u0131z Efendi\u2019nin \u201cZobdat al-Co\u011frafya\u201ds\u0131nda Erzurum Vilayeti hakk\u0131nda yaz\u0131l\u0131p, harfiyen \u201cK\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya\u2019da bulunmakta olup, Eski Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 devletine ait olan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n sekiz vilayetlerinden biridir\u201d[75]<\/a> diye belirtmektedir (bk. Resim 30). Di\u011fer yedi vilayetin isimlerini ise belirtmemektedir.<\/p>\n 14.\u00a0 <\/b>Aziz, Sami ve \u015eevki (\u2026-\u2026), \u201cMir\u2019at-\u0131 Tarih-i Osman\u00ee\u201d (1876)<\/b><\/p>\n \u201cMir\u2019at-\u0131 Tarih-i Osman\u00ee\u201d (Osmanl\u0131 Tarihi Aynas\u0131) olarak an\u0131lan ve 1876 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mekteb-i Sanayii matbaas\u0131nda, 1886 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise Mihran matbaas\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan bir di\u011fer Osmanl\u0131 tarih cildinde ise, Osmanl\u0131 s\u00fclalesinin \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131 ve s\u00fclalenin atas\u0131 olan Kay\u0131 Han\u2019\u0131n do\u011fum yeri olarak \u201cEkhlat\u201d (Khlat\/Ahlat) belirtilmekte ve \u201cEkhlat\u201d\u0131n \u201cErmenistan-i k\u00fcbra\u201dda[76]<\/a> (B\u00fcy\u00fck Hayk) bulundu\u011fu vurgulanmaktad\u0131r (bk. Resim 31)<\/p>\n Yazar\u0131 olduklar\u0131 tahmin edilen ki\u015filer (Aziz, Sami ve \u015eevki) hakk\u0131nda kesin bilgiler bulunmayan[77]<\/a> \u201cMir\u2019at-\u0131 Tarih-i Osman\u00ee\u201d kitab\u0131nda Sultan Mehmet \u00c7elebi\u2019nin[78]<\/a> h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun t\u00fcm \u201cmelik\u201dler (prens) ve \u201ch\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u201dlar\u0131n (y\u00f6netici) isim listesi[79]<\/a> sunulmakta, \u201cErmenistan\u201d ve y\u00f6netici Omar Mirza\u2019n\u0131n isimleri belirtilmektedir (bk. Resim 32). Bu olgudan yola \u00e7\u0131karak, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun Orta\u00e7a\u011f d\u00f6nemi idari-b\u00f6lgesel adland\u0131rmalar\u0131nda dahi \u201cErmenistan\u201d isminin kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n 15.\u00a0 <\/b>S\u00fcleyman H\u00fcsn\u00fc Pa\u015fa (1838-1892) \u201cTarih-i \u00c2lem\u201d (1876)<\/b><\/p>\n 1877-1878 Rus-Osmanl\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131nda, Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun ba\u015fkumandanlar\u0131ndan olan Osmanl\u0131 tarih\u00e7isi S\u00fcleyman H\u00fcsn\u00fc Pa\u015fa, 1838 veya 1840 y\u0131l\u0131nda Konstantinopolis\u2019te do\u011fmu\u015f, 1859 y\u0131l\u0131nda askeri okulu bitirip, 1873 y\u0131l\u0131nda ayn\u0131 okulun m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc olmu\u015f ve 1876 y\u0131l\u0131nda pa\u015fa r\u00fctbesine eri\u015fmi\u015ftir[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n S\u00fcleyman H\u00fcsn\u00fc Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu siyasi ve tarihi birka\u00e7 yap\u0131t\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u201cHiss-i \u0130nk\u0131lab\u201d\u0131 (Devrim duygusu) ve \u201cTarih-i \u00c2lem\u201di (D\u00fcnya tarihi) belirtmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr[81]<\/a>. S\u00fcleyman H\u00fcsn\u00fc Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n \u201cTarih-i \u00c2lem\u201d \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun \u201cMeclis-i Maarif-i Askeriye\u201dnin (Askeri E\u011fitim \u015e\u00fbras\u0131) e\u011fitim plan\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde 1876 y\u0131l\u0131nda Konstantinopolis\u2019te, \u201cMekteb-i F\u00fcn\u00fbn-u Harbiyye-i \u015e\u00e2h\u00e2ne\u201d (Harp Okulu) matbaas\u0131nda bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n S\u00fcleyman H\u00fcsn\u00fc Pa\u015fa, yukar\u0131da belirtilen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n birinci cildinde, yakla\u015f\u0131k 60 sayfa[82]<\/a> tutan b\u00fct\u00fcn bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Nuh\u2019un gemisinin ini\u015finden V. y\u00fczy\u0131la ve Kilikya Rubinyan krall\u0131\u011f\u0131na kadar, Ermeni tarihinin \u00f6nemli k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131na ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (bk. resim 33).<\/p>\n S\u00fcleyman H\u00fcsn\u00fc Pa\u015fa, Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n co\u011frafi konumunu da ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde betimleyerek, halife Osman d\u00f6neminde, 637 y\u0131l\u0131nda Arap ordular\u0131 komutan\u0131 Muaviye taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilip, \u0130slam halifeli\u011fine[83]<\/a> ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olan \u201cNuseybin\u201d, \u201cRehav\u201d (Redvan olmas\u0131 olas\u0131d\u0131r), Van, \u201cTara\u201d (Taron, Mu\u015f), \u201cDiyarbak\u0131r\u201d, Mardin ve Erzurum\u2019u, Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n \u015fehirleri olarak belirtmektedir (Bk. Resim 34).<\/p>\n 16.\u00a0 <\/b>Ahmet Rifat Efendi (\u2026-1898), \u201cNakd\u00fc\u2019t-tev\u00e2r\u00eeh\u201d (1879)<\/b><\/p>\n Edebiyat\u00e7\u0131 ve resmi Osmanl\u0131 tarih\u00e7isi Ahmet Rifat Efendi taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f olan \u201cSicill-i Osm\u00e2n\u00ee\u201d (Osmanl\u0131 Sicili), \u201cLugat-\u0131 Tarihiye ve Co\u011frafiye (Tarih-Co\u011frafya S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc) ve \u201cNakd\u00fc\u2019t-tev\u00e2r\u00eeh\u201d (Anlat\u0131lar\u0131n \u0130rdelenmesi) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n kaynak de\u011feri olup, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun ansiklopedik ilk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndand\u0131r. Edebi mahlas\u0131 Ya\u011fl\u0131k\u00e7\u0131zade olan Ahmet Rifat Efendi, XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda Konstantinopolis\u2019te do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta maliye bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, daha sonra Osmanl\u0131 ordusunda bahriyeye ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Devlet hizmetleri i\u00e7inde \u00f6zellikle Tanzimat (reform) komisyonundaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 vurgulanmaktad\u0131r[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n Ahmet Rifat Efendi\u2019nin \u201cNakd\u00fc\u2019t-tev\u00e2r\u00eeh\u201d \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 1879 y\u0131l\u0131nda Konstantinopolis\u2019te, \u201cNezaret-i Maarif\u2019in (e\u011fitim bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131) \u00f6zel izniyle yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, i\u00e7erik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, \u00c2dem\u2019den ba\u015flayarak (M.\u00d6. 5594) 1879 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar olan d\u00fcnya ve Osmanl\u0131 tarihinin geni\u015f bir kronolojisi olup, M.\u00d6. 1729 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki Ermenistan ile y\u00f6neticisi (h\u00fck\u00fcmdar) \u201cKartus\u201dun (Ara Kardos, Yak\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 Ara[85]<\/a>) ismi ile onun Asur\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sava\u015f\u0131, \u201cKartus\u201dun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, o\u011flu \u201cAnu\u015fan\u201d\u0131n (Anu\u015favan) Ninova\u2019daki esareti vs. belirtilmektedir[86]<\/a> (bk. resim 35).<\/p>\n Ahmet Rifat Efendi birka\u00e7 yerde Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n tarihi-siyasi olaylar\u0131na de\u011finmekte ve Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n bir\u00e7ok \u015fehrinin isimlerini sayarak, \u201cKeysarie\u201dnin (Kesaria\/Kayseri) \u201c\u0130slamyan\u201d (\u0130slamlar) taraf\u0131ndan 691 y\u0131l\u0131nda i\u015fgal edildi\u011fini belirtmektedir[87]<\/a> (bk. Resim 36).<\/p>\n 17.\u00a0 <\/b>Mehmed Mizanc\u0131 Murat Bey (1854-1917), \u201cT\u00e2rih-i Um\u00fbmi\u201d (1880)<\/b><\/p>\n T\u00fcrk siyaset\u00e7i, gazeteci ve tarih\u00e7i Mehmed Murad Da\u011f\u0131stan\u2019da do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Tanzimat ve H\u00fcrriyet ideologu, \u201cMizan\u201d gazetesinin kurucusu ve redakt\u00f6r\u00fc (1886) olmu\u015ftur. Mizanc\u0131 mahlas\u0131 da buradan gelmektedir. Ondan fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde Panosmanist ve Panislamist yaz\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmaktad\u0131r[88]<\/a>.<\/p>\n Mizanc\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u201cTarih-i Umumi\u201d \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, \u201cNezaret-i Maarif\u201din (e\u011fitim bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131) \u00f6zel izniyle 1880-1882 y\u0131llar\u0131nda d\u00f6rt cilt olarak yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f, H\u00fcrriyetten sonra, 1910 y\u0131l\u0131nda da olmak \u00fczere, birka\u00e7 kez daha yeniden bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u201cT\u00e2rih-i Um\u00fbmi\u201dnin ilk bas\u0131m\u0131ndaki ilk cildinde, Ermenistan tarihine ayr\u0131 bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm ay\u0131ran Mehmet Murat, Ermeni devletinin, yakla\u015f\u0131k M.\u00d6. 2600 y\u0131l\u0131nda[89]<\/a> Hayk liderli\u011finde kurulmu\u015f oldu\u011funu belirtmektedir (bk. Resim 37).<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/b>Mehmet Murat\u2019\u0131n kan\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n Asur, \u0130ran, Makedonya, Bizans, Sel\u00e7uk T\u00fcrkleri ve nihayetinde de Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131nda kalarak, Ermenilerin tabii milli ya\u015fam d\u00fczeninin bozulmu\u015f oldu\u011fu ilgin\u00e7tir[90]<\/a>.<\/p>\n 18.\u00a0 <\/b>Ahmet Rifat Efendi (\u2026-1895), \u201cLugat-\u0131 T\u00e2rihiyye ve Co\u011frafiyye\u201d (1881)<\/b><\/p>\n Ahmet Rifat Ya\u011fl\u0131k\u00e7\u0131zade\u2019nin di\u011fer kitab\u0131 olan \u201cLugat-\u0131 T\u00e2rihiyye ve Co\u011frafiyye\u201d de, \u201cNezaret-i Maarif\u201din (e\u011fitim bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131) \u00f6zel izniyle 1881 y\u0131l\u0131nda Konstantinopolis\u2019te yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ahmet Rifat, belirtilen ansiklopedinin ilk cildinde sadece Ermenistan tarihinin k\u00f6kenini ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde takdim etmekle kalmay\u0131p, ata Hayk\u2019\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu \u201cAramyan\u201d hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman\u0131ndaki Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n co\u011frafi mevkisini kesin bir \u015fekilde belirtmektedir. Ahmet Rifat\u2019a istinaden \u201cMemalik-i Ermeniyye\u201d (Ermenistan b\u00f6lgesi) s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131, Kafkas da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 ve Ermeni Toroslar\u0131 i\u00e7ine alarak, kuzeyde \u201cGurcistan\u201d (G\u00fcrcistan) ve \u201c\u0130mrehli\u201d (g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n \u0130mereti b\u00f6lgesi), do\u011fuda \u201cK\u0131rd\u0131stan\u201d ve \u201c\u201dAdrbecan\u201d (Adrpatakan\/Azerbaycan), g\u00fcneyde \u201cEl Cezire\u201d (Mezopotamya) ve bat\u0131da \u201cAnatolia\u201dya kadar uzanmaktad\u0131r[91]<\/a> (bk. resim 38).<\/p>\n Ahmed Rifat bu ciltte, Ar\u015fakuni hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kral \u201cArtaban\u201d (Artavan) d\u00f6neminde \u201cErmenistan-\u0131-kebir\u201d (B\u00fcy\u00fck Hayk) ve \u201cK\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Ermenistan\u201d\u0131n (K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Hayk) varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olgusunu nitelemektedir[92]<\/a> (bk. resim 39).<\/p>\n Ahmed Rifat Efendi\u2019nin ansiklopedisinin farkl\u0131 ciltlerinde bir\u00e7ok kez \u201cErmenistan\u201d isminin belirtilmi\u015f olmas\u0131na ve co\u011frafi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n belirtilmi\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, \u201cErmenistan\u201d terimine ayr\u0131ca de\u011finilmemi\u015f ve yazar sadece \u201cErmeni\u201d teriminin a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131yla yetinmi\u015ftir[93]<\/a> (bk. resim 40). Bu durum, ansiklopedinin bilimsel olma vasf\u0131yla uyu\u015fmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n ***<\/p>\n Kanaatimizce, sans\u00fcr\u00fcn bu \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a d\u0131\u015favurumu, Sultan II. Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019in talimat\u0131yla, co\u011frafi-b\u00f6lgesel Ermenistan teriminin belirtilmesinin, resmi Osmanl\u0131 belgelerinde genel olarak yasaklanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131klayabilmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Bu talimat nedeniyle de \u201cErmenistan\u201d yerine s\u0131k-s\u0131k Erzurum veya ba\u015fka bir vilayet ismi kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019in \u201cErmenistan\u201d terimine olan hassasiyetini de b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ihtimalle Rus-Osmanl\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131 neticesinde, 1878 y\u0131l\u0131nda imzalanan San Stefano Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 16. maddesinde yer bulan \u201cErmenistan\u201d kelimesine yormak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Sorunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesinin aksine, sorunu yok saymaya y\u00f6nelik kurnaz siyaset, hem Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019na, hem de T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019ne has resmi duru\u015ftur. San Stefano Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 16. maddesi, \u201cRus birliklerinin, Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye geri verilecek olan k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 durumunda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ve sorunlar meydana gelebilece\u011fi ve bunlar\u0131n iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki iyi ili\u015fkilere etki edebilece\u011fi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutularak, Bab-\u0131 Ali,\u00a0 Ermenilerle mesk\u00fbn b\u00f6lgelerin yerel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131ndan do\u011fan reformlar\u0131 ve iyile\u015ftirmeleri hemen ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye ve Ermenilerin K\u00fcrtler ve \u00c7erkezlere kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcvenli\u011fini tesis etmekten sorumludur\u201d,- diye belirtmektedir[94]<\/a>. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde, 1878\u2019de, Berlin Konferans\u0131\u2019nda T\u00fcrk diplomatlar, b\u00fcy\u00fck ihtimalle Britanyal\u0131 meslekta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n telkiniyle, \u201cErmenistan\u201d terimini yeni bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n 61. maddesinden tamamen \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131p, \u201cErmeni Eyaletleri\u201d terimini de \u201cErmenilerle mesk\u00fbn b\u00f6lgeler\u201d olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n San Stefano Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n tam metninin, \u201cErmenistan\u201d kelimesinin i\u00e7inde ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak sans\u00fcrden \u0131rak kalm\u0131\u015f olarak, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda ancak d\u00f6rt y\u0131l sonra, 1882 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u201cCeride-i Askeriye\u201dnin (Askeri Yay\u0131nevi) \u201cMu\u00e2hed\u00e2t Mecm\u00fbas\u0131\u201d dizisinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc cildinde[95]<\/a> (bk. resim 41) resmi olarak yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu belirtmek gerekir.<\/p>\n Bu verilerden yola \u00e7\u0131karak,\u00a0 \u201cErmenistan\u201d kelimesinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesiyle ilgili Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019in yukar\u0131da belirtilen talimat\u0131n\u0131n, San Stefano antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131nlanma tarihi olan 1880\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ortalar\u0131ndan sonra y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015f ve \u201cH\u00fcrriyet\u201din galip geldi\u011fi 1908 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya uygulanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu tahmin edebiliriz.<\/p>\n Bu talimat\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun resmi yay\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6zellikle de \u201cSaln\u00e2me-i Devlet-i Aliyye-i Osmaniyye\u201d olarak an\u0131lan \u00f6nemli belgeleri esas almak gerekir.<\/p>\n Belirtilen y\u0131ll\u0131k (k\u0131saca Devlet Salnamesi veya Salname-i Devlet), Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun kamusal alan\u0131n\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatan en \u00f6nemli kaynaklar\u0131ndan olup tarih, kronoloji ve takvim verileri, \u00fcst d\u00fczey idari, adli, b\u00f6lgesel ve askeri y\u00f6neticilerin isimleri ile vilayetlerle ilgili istatistik\u00ee bilgiler, \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir format ve y\u0131ll\u0131k periyotlarla bu defterlerde derlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Salnameler, \u201cNezaret-i Maarif\u2019in\u201d (e\u011fitim bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131) \u00f6zel izniyle 1840\u2019lar\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda elyazmas\u0131 \u015feklinde[96]<\/a>, 1874\u2019ten sonra ise matbuat olarak[97]<\/a> yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201dSalname-i Devlet\u2019in\u201d say\u0131lar\u0131nda, 1909\u2019a kadar, \u201cVek\u00e2yi-i me\u015fhur\u201d (\u00f6nemli olaylar) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131, \u00f6nemli tarihi olaylar\u0131n belirtildi\u011fi \u00f6zel bir kronolojik k\u0131s\u0131m bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u00d6rne\u011fin, 1872 tarihinde yay\u0131nlanan say\u0131s\u0131nda \u201cHicri Tarihten \u00d6nce 2812 (M.\u00d6. 2191-K.Kh.) Asur soyu<\/span> krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131\u201d, \u201cHicri Tarihten \u00d6nce 2690 (M.\u00d6. 2069-K.Kh.) Ermenistan<\/span> krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131\u201d, \u201c\u2026\u201d \u201cHicri Tarihten \u00d6nce 2034 (M.\u00d6. 1413-K.Kh.) Yahudi<\/span> krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 (vurgulamalar bize aittir-K.Kh.)\u201d[98]<\/a>,- diye belirtilmektedir (bk. resim 42).<\/p>\n Bu sat\u0131rlar\u0131n dikkat \u00e7ekici yan\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 tarih\u00e7ili\u011finin \u201cMuluk-i Ermeniyye\u201d terimini vurgulay\u0131p, Ermeni krall\u0131\u011f\u0131na etnik ve co\u011frafi a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir karakter atfederek, Asur ve Yahudi krall\u0131klar\u0131ndan temelden ayr\u0131 tutmu\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u201cSalname-i Devlet\u2019in\u201d bu nesnel ve do\u011fru betimlemesi, 1885 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar aynen s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 1886 bask\u0131s\u0131nda ise, ilgili b\u00f6l\u00fcmdeki \u201cMuluk-i Ermeniyye\u201d k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131larak, Asur ve Yahudilerle olan\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r[99]<\/a> (bk. resim 43).<\/p>\n Hamit\u2019in Ermeni kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 siyaseti ve kaba sans\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc, tarih alan\u0131nda benzer keyfi uygulamalar\u0131n resmi ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olarak kabul etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u201cSalname-i Devlet\u201d i\u00e7indeki tarih sahtek\u00e2rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, 1903 tarihli bask\u0131s\u0131nda, Asurlular ve Yahudilerle ilgili olan k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n da \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131yla en \u00fcst mertebeye ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu belirtmek gerekir[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n ***<\/p>\n 19.\u00a0 <\/b>Hamid Vehbi (\u2026-\u2026), \u201cMe\u015fahir-i \u0130slam\u201d (1883)<\/b><\/p>\n Her \u015feye ra\u011fmen, Hamit d\u00f6neminde de sans\u00fcr siyasetinde baz\u0131 sapmalar g\u00f6zlemlenmektedir. Yazar ve \u201cSabah\u201d gazetesi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 Hamid Vehbi[101]<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131nan \u201cMe\u015fahir-i \u0130slam\u201d (\u0130slam \u00dcnl\u00fcleri, 1883) dizisinde yer bulan a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131, bu sapmalar i\u00e7in \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterebiliriz. Hamid Vehbi hakk\u0131nda veriler bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Sadece, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin yeni d\u00f6nem biyograficilerinden biri oldu\u011funu biliyoruz[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n Hamid Vehbi, yukar\u0131da belirtilen dizinin 37. ve 40. say\u0131lar\u0131nda, Arap halifelerden Mehdi Billahi[103]<\/a>\u00a0 ve Mehmed Mutesim[104]<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen \u201cf\u00fctuhat\u201dlar\u0131 (fetihler) analiz ederek, belirtilen vilayetlerin isimlerini belirtmeden, \u201cErmeniyye Vilayetleri\u201dni[105]<\/a> (Ermenistan vilayetler) ve \u201cErmeniyye\u201dyi[106]<\/a> anlatmaktad\u0131r (bk. resim 44).<\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-01.jpg\")
<\/a><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-02.jpg\")
<\/a>Resim 2<\/b><\/p>\n<\/a>Resim 3<\/b><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-04.jpg\")
<\/a>Resim 4<\/b><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-05.jpg\")
<\/a>Resim 5<\/b><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-06.jpg\")
<\/a>Resim 6<\/b><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-07.jpg\")
<\/a>Resim 7<\/b><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-08.jpg\")
<\/a><\/b>Resim 8<\/b><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-09.jpg\")
<\/a>Resim 9<\/b><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-10.jpg\")
<\/a>Resim 10<\/b><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-11.jpg\")
<\/a>Resim 11<\/b><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-12.jpg\")
<\/a>Resim 12<\/b><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-13.jpg\")
<\/a>Resim 13<\/b><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-14.jpg\")
<\/a>Resim 14<\/b><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-15.jpg\")
<\/a>Resim 15<\/b><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-16.jpg\")
<\/a>Resim 16<\/b><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-17.jpg\")
<\/a>Resim 17<\/b><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-18.jpg\")
<\/a> ![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-181.jpg\")
<\/a>\u00a0Resim 18<\/b><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-19.jpg\")
<\/a>Resim 19
\n<\/b><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-20.jpg\")
<\/a>Resim 20<\/b><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-21.jpg\")
<\/a>Resim 21<\/b><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-23.jpg\")
<\/a>Resim 22<\/b><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-231.jpg\")
<\/a>\u00a0Resim 23<\/b><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-24.jpg\")
<\/a><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-25.jpg\")
<\/a>Resim 25<\/b><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-26.jpg\")
<\/a>Resim 26<\/b><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-27.jpg\")
<\/a>\u00a0Resim 27<\/b><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-28.jpg\")
<\/a>28\u00a0Resim <\/b><\/b><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-29.jpg\")
<\/a>Resim 29<\/b><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-30.jpg\")
<\/a>Resim 30<\/b><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-31.jpg\")
<\/a>Resim 31<\/b><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-32.jpg\")
<\/a>Resim 32<\/b><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-331.jpg\")
<\/a>Resim 33<\/b><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-34.jpg\")
<\/a>Resim 34<\/b><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-35.jpg\")
<\/a>Resim 35<\/b><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-36.jpg\")
<\/a>Resim 36<\/b><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-37.jpg\")
<\/a>Resim 37<\/b><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-38.jpg\")
<\/a>Resim 38<\/b><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-39.jpg\")
<\/a>Resim 39<\/b><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-40.jpg\")
<\/a>Resim 40<\/b><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-41.jpg\")
<\/a>Resim 41<\/b><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-42.jpg\")
<\/a>Resim 42<\/b><\/p>\n![\"RESIM](\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/RESIM-43.jpg\")
<\/a>Resim 43<\/b><\/p>\n