{"id":39144,"date":"2016-03-19T02:24:27","date_gmt":"2016-03-19T07:24:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=39144"},"modified":"2016-03-19T02:24:27","modified_gmt":"2016-03-19T07:24:27","slug":"antep-urfa-ve-maras-igne-isleri-ermeni-kulturunun-bir-butun-oldugunu-gosteriyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=39144","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Antep, Urfa ve Mara\u015f i\u011fne i\u015fleri, Ermeni k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn bir b\u00fct\u00fcn oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Antep,<\/a>Maral Dink<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n

Ressam ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Hrazdan Tokmajian’\u0131n izinde, Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u2019dan sa\u011f kurtularak Halep\u2019e ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f Mara\u015fl\u0131, Urfal\u0131 ve Antepli kad\u0131nlar\u0131n beraberlerinde getirebildikleri i\u011fne i\u015flerine, \u00fc\u00e7 \u015fehrin nak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki farka, 100 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde g\u00f6sterdikleri de\u011fi\u015fimlere, anneden k\u0131za \u00f6\u011fretilen ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan sanata bak\u0131yoruz.<\/em> <\/b><\/p>\n

Ressam ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Hrazdan Tokmajian, Halep\u2019te ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llarda resim \u00f6\u011fretmenli\u011finin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Mara\u015f, Urfa ve Antepli Ermeni kad\u0131nlar\u0131n i\u011fne i\u015fleri \u00fczerine de uzun s\u00fcren ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapm\u0131\u015f. Tokmajian, bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131, Halep\u2019te bulunan Ermeni derneklerinin i\u015fbirli\u011finde, her bir \u015fehir i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 olmak \u00fczere, Ermenice ve \u0130ngilizce olarak kitapla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. \u00c7e\u015fitli evlerden ve m\u00fczelerdeki koleksiyonlardan toplanan i\u011fne i\u015fi \u00f6rneklerinin geni\u015f\u00e7e yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, yaz\u0131\u015fmalar ve belgelerle desteklenen, b\u00f6lgelerde bulunan Ermeni hanelerin, kiliselerin, okullar\u0131n s\u0131raland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu ansiklopedik eserler, Mara\u015fl\u0131, Urfal\u0131, Antepli Ermenilerin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131 olan i\u011fne i\u015fine \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutuyor.<\/p>\n

Tokmajian\u2019la resme ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llardan Halep\u2019e uzan\u0131yor; Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u2019dan sa\u011f kurtularak Halep\u2019e ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f Mara\u015fl\u0131, Urfal\u0131 ve Antepli kad\u0131nlar\u0131n beraberlerinde getirebildikleri i\u011fne i\u015flerine, \u00fc\u00e7 \u015fehrin nak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki farka, 100 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde g\u00f6sterdikleri de\u011fi\u015fimlere, anneden k\u0131za \u00f6\u011fretilen ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan sanata bak\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

\u00d6ncelikle sizi ressam kimli\u011finizle tan\u0131yabilir miyiz?<\/b><\/p>\n

G\u00fcmr\u00fc\u2019de do\u011fdum. Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc ressamlar\u0131ndan amcam Tigran Tokmajian, G\u00fcmr\u00fc\u2019de bizi ziyarete geldi\u011finde, \u2018Ne istersen s\u00f6yle, \u00e7izeyim\u2019 derdi. Diledi\u011fim her \u015feyin birka\u00e7 dakika i\u00e7inde k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde olmas\u0131 bana b\u00fcy\u00fcleyici gelirdi. Amcam\u0131 \u00f6rnek alarak, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015ftan itibaren ressam olmak istiyordum. Babam botanik uzman\u0131yd\u0131, onu \u00fczmemek i\u00e7in hem ressam hem botanik\u00e7i olaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00f6ylerdim. On be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131ndayken ailece Yerevan\u2019a ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131k. D\u00f6rt y\u0131l, Yerevan\u2019da bulunan Panos Terlemezyan G\u00fczel Sanatlar Okulu\u2019nda, ard\u0131ndan be\u015f y\u0131l \u00fcniversitede resim e\u011fitimi ald\u0131m. Suriye, L\u00fcbnan ve Ermenistan\u2019da bir\u00e7ok sergi d\u00fczenledim.<\/p>\n

Aile tarih\u00e7eniz nereye kadar uzan\u0131yor?<\/b><\/p>\n

Baba taraf\u0131m Erzurumlu. Ailem d\u00f6kmecilikle u\u011fra\u015fm\u0131\u015f. 1828-1830 aras\u0131nda Erzurum\u2019dan Rusya\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 oldu\u011funda, ailem Ermenistan\u2019a geliyor ve zanaatlerini G\u00fcmr\u00fc\u2019ye ta\u015f\u0131yorlar. Ancak, Sovyet d\u00f6neminde her \u015fey fabrikalarda yap\u0131l\u0131yordu veya ithal ediliyordu. Ermenistan\u2019da \u00fcretim yoktu. Bir zanaatk\u00e2r\u0131n kendi d\u00fckk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 yayg\u0131n de\u011fildi. B\u00fcy\u00fckbabam ve karde\u015fleri \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na kadar zor da olsa d\u00f6kmecilikle u\u011fra\u015fm\u0131\u015flar fakat sonra mesleklerine devam edememi\u015fler.<\/p>\n

Antep\u2019te genelde dantel i\u015fi yayg\u0131n ve dantelin ortas\u0131na sekiz k\u00f6\u015fegenli y\u0131ld\u0131z i\u015fleniyor. Bat\u0131 etkisiyle, bu y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n yerini zamanla melek fig\u00fcrleri al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Yerevan\u2019dan Halep\u2019 gitmeye nas\u0131l karar verdiniz? Orada ge\u00e7irdi\u011finiz y\u0131llar\u0131 anlat\u0131r m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z?<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00dcniversiteyi bitirdikten sonra \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l Yerevan\u2019a yak\u0131n bir k\u00f6yde resim \u00f6\u011fretmenli\u011fi, daha sonra bir tiyatronun tasar\u0131m i\u015flerini yapt\u0131m. 1990\u2019lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n hali ac\u0131kl\u0131yd\u0131. 1992\u2019de, Halep\u2019teki AGBU\u2019ya (Ermeni Hay\u0131rseverler Derne\u011fi) ba\u011fl\u0131 Martiros Saryan Akademisi\u2019nden on y\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00f6\u011fretmenlik yapmak \u00fczere davet ald\u0131m. Halep\u2019e vard\u0131ktan d\u00f6rt ay sonra e\u015fim ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131 da yan\u0131ma \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131m. On y\u0131l diye ba\u015flad\u0131k, 23 y\u0131l orada kald\u0131k. \u0130lk birka\u00e7 y\u0131l zordu. Sovyetlerden geliyordum. Sadece \u00fclke de\u011fil, insanlar da farkl\u0131yd\u0131. Ancak k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z mahallede herkes Ermeniydi. Gitti\u011fim manav, al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m bakkal, ayakkab\u0131 ve giysi d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131n sahipleri Ermeniydi. Bug\u00fcn h\u00e2l\u00e2 Arap\u00e7am zay\u0131ft\u0131r. Oradan ev almad\u0131k, bir g\u00fcn Ermenistan\u2019a d\u00f6nece\u011fimizi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorduk. Ancak buna sava\u015f\u0131n neden olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmiyorduk. Uzun s\u00fcre direndim ama kalmak i\u00e7in bir sebep kalmad\u0131. Akademi kapand\u0131. Halk gitti. Halep\u2019ten ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz May\u0131s ay\u0131nda ac\u0131yla ayr\u0131ld\u0131m. Ermenistan\u2019a vard\u0131\u011f\u0131mda, vatan\u0131ma d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc hissediyordum. \u00d6te yandan Ermenistan da de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015fti, \u00e7o\u011fu arkada\u015f\u0131m Rusya\u2019ya ve ba\u015fka \u00fclkelere g\u00f6\u00e7m\u00fc\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcmr\u00fcl\u00fc bir Ermeni olarak Halepli Ermenilerle kurdu\u011funuz ili\u015fkileriniz nas\u0131ld\u0131?<\/b><\/p>\n

G\u00fcmr\u00fcl\u00fc olmak pozitif bir alg\u0131 yarat\u0131yordu. G\u00fcmr\u00fc\u2019de konu\u015fulan aksan Bat\u0131 Ermenicesine yak\u0131n oldu\u011fundan Halepli Ermenilerle birbirimizi daha rahat anl\u0131yorduk. Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n ikinci \u015fehri G\u00fcmr\u00fc, geleneklerini koruyan ve sanat \u00fcreten bir \u015fehir. Halep de, Suriye\u2019nin \u015eam\u2019dan sonraki ikinci \u015fehri ve G\u00fcmr\u00fc\u2019yle benzer \u00f6zelliklere sahip. Halep\u2019teki Ermeniler geleneklerine ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131, sanata \u00f6nem verirdi. Bir \u00fclkenin ikinci \u015fehrinden, ba\u015fka bir \u00fclkenin ikinci \u015fehrine gittim.<\/p>\n

Halep\u2019in kayb\u0131 sizin i\u00e7in ne ifade ediyor?<\/b><\/p>\n

Halep, kaybetti\u011fimiz Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n somut son par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131. Toprak bizim de\u011fildi ama \u00fcst\u00fcnde Kilikya\u2019dan g\u00f6\u00e7m\u00fc\u015f Ermeniler ya\u015fard\u0131. Halep y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131nca d\u00fcnya i\u00e7in Suriye\u2019nin ekonomi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u015fehri y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu. Ermeniler i\u00e7inse, Bat\u0131 Ermenilerinin ya\u015fatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gelenekler, devam ettirdikleri \u00fcretim yerle bir oldu. Bir g\u00fcn an\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131 yazarsam, \u2018Bat\u0131 Ermenilerini kendi ya\u015fay\u0131\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7inde g\u00f6rd\u00fcm\u2019 diyebilirim. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerde ve \u00fclkelerde \u00f6zelliklerini daha kolay kaybediyorsun. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u015eam\u2019da veya L\u00fcbnan\u2019da hayat h\u0131zl\u0131, ancak ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131ysan ayaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde durabilirsin, paran yoksa \u00e7ocu\u011funu Ermeni okuluna g\u00f6nderemeyebilirsin. Halep\u2019te ise her \u015feyin bir yolu bulunur. Halepli Ermeniler aras\u0131ndaki dayan\u0131\u015fma \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcyd\u00fc. Ermenice \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f de canlanmas\u0131 gereken bir dil de\u011fildi. Edebiyat dergileri ve ders kitaplar\u0131 yay\u0131mlan\u0131rd\u0131. Dergilerde, Diasporal\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc yazarlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, okullarda iyi yazan \u00f6\u011frencilere de yer verilir, b\u00f6ylece yazar ve \u015fair yeni bir nesil yeti\u015firdi. Halepli Ermenilerin \u00fcretimi \u00e7evre \u00fclkelere de yarar sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Peki i\u011fne i\u015fi \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya nas\u0131l ba\u015flad\u0131n\u0131z? \u00d6rne\u011fin, serinin ilk kitab\u0131 \u2018Mara\u015f \u0130\u011fne \u0130\u015fi\u2019 nas\u0131l ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131?<\/b><\/p>\n

2007\u2019de, Halep\u2019teki \u2018Mara\u015fl\u0131 Ermeniler Derne\u011fi\u2019 ile k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00fcretimi hat\u0131rlatmak ve g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek istedik. 40-50 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Suriye\u2019nin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc futbol tak\u0131m\u0131 Mara\u015fl\u0131 Ermenilerin tak\u0131m\u0131yd\u0131. Futbolcularla s\u00f6yle\u015filer yap\u0131p, bunlar\u0131 bir kitapta toplad\u0131k. Mara\u015fl\u0131lar i\u011fne i\u015fleriyle, nak\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla \u00e7ok \u00f6v\u00fcn\u00fcyorlard\u0131. \u2018Mara\u015f i\u011fne i\u015fini neden kitapla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131yorsunuz?\u2019 diye bir fikir ortaya att\u0131m. Kilikyal\u0131 Ermeni kad\u0131nlar\u0131n i\u011fne i\u015fleri sanatsal a\u00e7\u0131dan zengin ve \u00e7ok ama\u00e7l\u0131. Mara\u015f\u2019ta iki \u00e7e\u015fit i\u011fne i\u015fine rastl\u0131yoruz. Halk aras\u0131nda \u2018atlaslama\u2019 ad\u0131 verilen d\u00fcz \u00f6rg\u00fc (Ermenicesiyle \u2018hartagar\u2019), di\u011feri \u2018irga\u2019 ad\u0131yla bilinen gizli \u00f6rg\u00fc (Ermenicesiyle \u2018ka\u011fdnagar\u2019). Atlaslama di\u011fer vilayetlerde de g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrken, gizli \u00f6rg\u00fc yaln\u0131zca Mara\u015f b\u00f6lgesinde yap\u0131l\u0131yor. H\u00e2kim olan koyu mavi ve k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 tonlar, Orta\u00e7a\u011f gelene\u011finin bir devam\u0131 olarak okunabilir. Ha\u00e7\u0131 and\u0131ran, d\u00f6rt elementi simgeleyen motifler i\u015fleniyor. Mara\u015f, pamuk i\u015flemede, \u00f6zellikle pamuk dokuma ve boyama konusunda \u00f6nemli bir merkez olmu\u015f. Nak\u0131\u015f i\u00e7in gerekli olan kuma\u015f ve ipli\u011fin \u00e7o\u011fu yerel pamuktan sa\u011flan\u0131yor.\u00a0 Duvar ve yer hal\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, gecelikten masa \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcne kadar her \u015fey, \u00f6zellikle pamuklu kuma\u015f ile yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Halep\u2019te, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n Mara\u015f\u2019tan getirdikleri par\u00e7alar, rengiyle ve materyaliyle geleneksel i\u015flerdi. Eskiden \u00e7eyizde, gelin kullanmasa bile muhakkak terlik, gecelik, \u00e7ar\u015faf, yatak \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc olurdu. Halep\u2019e geldiklerinde i\u011fne i\u015fi baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimler ge\u00e7iriyor. Kullan\u0131lan kuma\u015f ve iplik, i\u015fledikleri nak\u0131\u015f motifleri de\u011fi\u015fiyor.<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda hangi kaynaklardan yararland\u0131n\u0131z?<\/b><\/p>\n

Bu i\u015fi yapmaya karar verdi\u011fimde, Ermenilerin i\u011fne i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fine dair yaz\u0131lan ne varsa okumak istedim. Saryan Akademisi\u2019nin k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi \u00e7ok zengindi. Mara\u015f hakk\u0131nda yaz\u0131lan kitaplar\u0131 okudum. Ba\u015fl\u0131ca kayna\u011f\u0131msa Mara\u015fl\u0131lar oldu. Kitaptaki el i\u015flerinin \u00e7o\u011fu L\u00fcbnan, Halep ve \u015eam\u2019daki Ermeni kad\u0131nlar\u0131n yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015fler. Evlerine gittim, hik\u00e2yelerini dinledim, Mara\u015f\u2019tan getirebildikleri ve daha sonra Halep\u2019te \u00fcrettikleri i\u015flerini foto\u011fraflad\u0131m. Yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, kitaba m\u00fczelerdeki koleksiyonlardan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u00f6rnekleri koydum. Ayr\u0131ca, t\u00fcm kitaplar i\u00e7in, L\u00fcbnan\u2019a, Amerika\u2019ya haber sal\u0131nd\u0131, dergilere ilan verildi. Evinde Antep, Urfa, Mara\u015f i\u011fne i\u015fi olanlar, el i\u015flerini foto\u011fraflay\u0131p g\u00f6nderdiler.<\/p>\n

Ard\u0131ndan Urfa i\u011fne i\u015fi kitab\u0131n\u0131z geldi. Burada nas\u0131l bir yol izlediniz? <\/b><\/p>\n

Mara\u015f kitab\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlan\u0131\u015f s\u00fcresinden haberdar olan Episkopos \u015eahan S\u0131rpazan, Urfa \u00fczerine de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131 istedi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Urfal\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n i\u011fne i\u015flerinin ilk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc yay\u0131mlad\u0131k, ikincisi \u00fczerinde h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorum. Urfa i\u015flerine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, \u00e7i\u00e7ek desenlerinin h\u00e2kim oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. \u0130\u011fne i\u015fleri, basit ve karma\u015f\u0131k desenleriyle Orta\u00e7a\u011f resminin ruhunu yans\u0131t\u0131yor. \u0130\u015flenen par\u00e7ada ince dallarla ve yapraklarla s\u00fcslenmi\u015f bir ya da iki \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fe rastl\u0131yoruz. B\u00fck\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f dal, hem Do\u011fu hem Bat\u0131 sanat\u0131nda rastlanan ortak bir motif.<\/p>\n

Antep\u2019ten Halep\u2019e getirilen i\u011fne i\u015flerinde \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan \u00f6zellikler nelerdir?<\/b><\/p>\n

Antep i\u00e7in \u00f6rnek toplamak en kolay\u0131yd\u0131. \u00c7ok fazla kaynak vard\u0131. Di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelere nazaran Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u2019dan daha az etkilendikleri i\u00e7in, Antepliler; Halep\u2019e eski foto\u011fraflar\u0131, tapular\u0131, belgeleri, boh\u00e7alar\u0131 al\u0131p ula\u015fabildiler. Halep\u2019teki her Ermeninin evinde mutlaka i\u011fne i\u015fi bulunurdu. \u2018Antep i\u015fi\u2019nin temel \u00f6zellikleri saten diki\u015f ve dantel iplik i\u015fi. \u0130\u015flenmi\u015f iplik i\u015fleri antik zamandan beri, Ermenilerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Benzer formlar\u0131n simetrik bir \u015fekilde, uyum i\u00e7inde i\u015flenmesi, \u2018Antep i\u015fi\u2019ni e\u015fsiz k\u0131lan \u00f6zelliklerden.<\/p>\n

Antep dantel i\u015flerinde genellikle sekiz k\u00f6\u015fegenli y\u0131ld\u0131z g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Bu S\u0131rpazan\u2019\u0131n i\u015faretidir. Zeugma, Komagene Ermeni \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun \u015fehirlerinden biriydi. Orada h\u00e2l\u00e2 arkeologlar kaz\u0131 yap\u0131yor. \u0130.S. ilk y\u00fczy\u0131ldan kalma bir mozaik buldular. Bu mozai\u011fi Antep\u2019te a\u00e7\u0131lan yeni bir m\u00fczede g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcm. Sekiz k\u00f6\u015fegenli y\u0131ld\u0131z vard\u0131 mozai\u011fin \u00fczerinde. Van i\u015flerinde de ayn\u0131 motife rastl\u0131yoruz. Taniel Varujan, 1914\u2019te \u2018Navasart\u2019 adl\u0131 bir sanat dergisi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yordu. Orada yer alan bir yaz\u0131da, Ermeni Kral\u0131 Dikran Medz\u2019in (B\u00fcy\u00fck Dikran) paras\u0131 \u00fczerinde yer alan kral tac\u0131nda sekiz k\u00f6\u015fegenli y\u0131ld\u0131zdan bahsediliyordu. Demek istedi\u011fim, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn bir b\u00fct\u00fcn oldu\u011fu. Tarihi H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131ktan \u00f6nce ve sonra diye ay\u0131r\u0131r\u0131z, ancak k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn birbirine zincirlendi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz.<\/p>\n

Bu \u015fehirlerin nak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki temel farklar ve y\u00fcz y\u0131l i\u00e7inde ge\u00e7irdikleri de\u011fi\u015fim hakk\u0131nda neler s\u00f6ylemek istersiniz?<\/b><\/p>\n

Mara\u015fl\u0131 Ermeniler Antepli Ermenilere g\u00f6re daha ta\u015fral\u0131 bir toplum. Antep ise \u015fehir olarak daha geli\u015fmi\u015f. Antep\u2019te Amerikan Koleji var, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131yla etkile\u015fim daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n nak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 daha \u2018ince.\u2019 Biraz da abart\u0131 var. Her \u015feyin \u00fczerinde nak\u0131\u015f var. Mendili bile ince ince i\u015flemi\u015fler. Gecelik de, geceli\u011fin konulaca\u011f\u0131 \u00e7eyiz boh\u00e7as\u0131 da i\u015fli. G\u00fcvenli hayat\u0131n titizli\u011fi diyebiliriz. Mara\u015f\u2019ta ise, kullan\u0131lacak \u015fey \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar, \u00f6ncelikle dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olmas\u0131na \u00f6nem veriyorlar.<\/p>\n

Antep\u2019in i\u011fne i\u015flerinin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihler daha kesin. Di\u011fer iller i\u00e7inse yakla\u015f\u0131k tarihler veriliyor. Evdeki \u00e7eyize ve kad\u0131n\u0131n evlilik tarihine bak\u0131l\u0131yor. Ancak, \u00e7eyiz, anneden k\u0131za da kalm\u0131\u015f olabilir. 1894-1896 y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki Hamidiye katliamlar\u0131ndan sonra, b\u00f6lgeye gelen yabanc\u0131 misyonerler kay\u0131t tuttuklar\u0131 i\u00e7in, bu tarihten sonraki el i\u015flerine dair daha kesin bilgiler vermek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Antep\u2019te bulunan Amerikan misyoner Fanny Shepard, Ermeni kad\u0131nlar\u0131n i\u011fne i\u015fleri yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 pazar\u0131nda sat\u0131ls\u0131n diye, Bat\u0131\u2019dan modeller getiriyor. Bu nedenle 1915\u2019e kadar da motiflerde de\u011fi\u015fiklik oluyor. Antep\u2019te genelde dantel i\u015fi yayg\u0131n ve dantelin ortas\u0131na sekiz k\u00f6\u015fegenli y\u0131ld\u0131z i\u015fleniyor. Bat\u0131 etkisiyle, bu y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n yerini melek fig\u00fcrleri al\u0131yor. Urfa\u2019da ise Alman misyonerler var. Onlar, Shepard\u2019\u0131n aksine, gelenekselin korunmas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik ediyorlar. 1915\u2019ten sonra ya\u015fam yeri de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi i\u00e7in do\u011fal olarak nak\u0131\u015flar da de\u011fi\u015fiyor. Mara\u015f\u2019ta \u00e7o\u011funlukla pamuk \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131rken, Halep\u2019te ya\u015fayan Mara\u015fl\u0131 kad\u0131nlar 1930\u2019larda kadife \u00fczerine de i\u015flemeye ba\u015fl\u0131yorlar. Eski el i\u015flerinin belli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcleri var. K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p yerine turuncu koyamazs\u0131n. Yeni par\u00e7alarda ise isteyen diledi\u011fi rengi kullanabiliyor. Eskilerin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015flerde, kulland\u0131klar\u0131 renklerde bir anlam var. Gelenekler yava\u015f yava\u015f zay\u0131fl\u0131yor. \u015eimdi biz Ermenistan\u2019da diki\u015f okullar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131p s\u0131f\u0131rdan i\u011fne i\u015fi \u00f6\u011fretiyoruz. Ancak, i\u011fne i\u015fi anneden k\u0131za ge\u00e7en bir zanaat. Motifi de rengi de anne k\u0131z\u0131na \u00f6\u011fretiyor.<\/p>\n

Halep\u2019te i\u011fne i\u015fi yapan yakla\u015f\u0131k ka\u00e7 ki\u015fi kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131?<\/b><\/p>\n

Halep\u2019te son y\u0131llarda el i\u015fi yapan birka\u00e7 Mara\u015fl\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Onlar da, daha \u00e7ok hediyelik k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck par\u00e7alar \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlard\u0131. \u2018Bana b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yatak \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc yap\u2019 desen yapmazlar. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc onun aylarca u\u011fra\u015faca\u011f\u0131 i\u015fin \u00fccretini \u00f6deyecek kimse yok. Ya\u015f\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fck olanlar\u0131n g\u00f6zleri iyi g\u00f6rm\u00fcyor art\u0131k. Urfal\u0131 ve Antepli i\u011fne i\u015fi yapanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 da ikiyi ge\u00e7mezdi. Antep i\u015fi daha ince ve zahmetli oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, onun \u00fccreti Mara\u015f i\u015finin \u00fc\u00e7 kat\u0131 olurdu. \u0130sim yapm\u0131\u015f olanlar, sipari\u015f \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, i\u015fler eli\u015fi d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar\u0131nda sat\u0131l\u0131r veya senede birka\u00e7 kez d\u00fczenlenen kermeslerde sat\u0131\u015fa sunulurdu. Kilis i\u015fi ad\u0131 verilen bir eli\u015fi var. Bir rengi di\u011fer rengin \u00fcst\u00fcne koyar, \u00f6yle dikersin. Halep\u2019te eskiden \u00f6yle boh\u00e7alar yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Boh\u00e7a hamama giderken gerekliydi. Son 30-40 sene hamama gitmez oldu kimse.<\/p>\n

Mara\u015f, Antep ve Urfa\u2019y\u0131 ziyaret ettiniz mi?<\/b><\/p>\n

Urfa\u2019y\u0131 gezecek \u00e7ok vaktim olmad\u0131. Mara\u015f\u2019ta i\u011fne i\u015fi yapan bir d\u00fckk\u00e2na gittim. Ellerindeki i\u015fleri \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p g\u00f6steriler. Birka\u00e7 kez Antep\u2019e gittim. \u0130lk ziyaretim arkada\u015f\u0131m\u0131n i\u015fi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla oldu. Bir g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir geziydi. Asdvadzadzin Kilisesi\u2019nin etraf\u0131nda dola\u015ft\u0131k. \u00c7ok etkilendim. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bir\u00e7ok \u015fehrinde izi kalmas\u0131n diye Ermenilerden kalan her \u015feye zarar veriliyor. Ama Antep\u2019te \u00f6yle de\u011fildi. Nazaretyanlar\u2019\u0131n evinde pencerelerdeki Ermenice yaz\u0131lar duruyordu. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Ermenilerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131k. Bak\u0131rc\u0131lar \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131\u2019nda ustalarla sohbetimizde, bize Ermeni bak\u0131r ustalar\u0131n\u0131n isimlerini sayd\u0131lar, ailelerinden kalan olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sordular. \u0130\u015fi Ermeni ustalardan \u00f6\u011frendiklerini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu kitaplar \u00f6zellikle kimler i\u00e7in \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor?<\/b><\/p>\n

Do\u011fu Ermenilerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131 belki Mara\u015f\u2019\u0131n nerede oldu\u011funu bile bilmezler. Kitaplar, Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn bir b\u00fct\u00fcn oldu\u011funu anlamak i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli. Toplumun k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc, topluma geri vermek i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli. Belli gelenekler zaman i\u00e7inde kaybolmu\u015f. En az\u0131ndan bug\u00fcne ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f i\u015fler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmal\u0131. Ermeni kad\u0131nlar h\u00e2l\u00e2 i\u011fne i\u015fi yapmaya devam ediyor. Urfa kitab\u0131 yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, tasar\u0131mc\u0131 bir arkada\u015f\u0131m Urfa nak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 giysilerine ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131 ve bir defile yapt\u0131. Kitaptan yararlanmalar\u0131 benim i\u00e7in \u00e7ok de\u011ferli. Yerevan\u2019\u0131 ziyaret eden bir Antepli kitab\u0131 istedi, ald\u0131 ve Antep\u2019e g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Kitaplar\u0131 haz\u0131rlama s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde nas\u0131l zorluklarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131n\u0131z?<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7 kitab\u0131n da en \u00f6nemli yan\u0131, i\u011fne i\u015flerinin bilimsel analizi. Mara\u015f i\u011fne i\u015fleri renkli resme daha yak\u0131n oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in i\u015flerin analizini yapmak daha kolayd\u0131. Antep i\u015flerine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, \u00e7o\u011fu dantel, beyaz i\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla motiflerin de\u011ferlendirmesi daha zordur. Urfal\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n nak\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n da analiz k\u0131sm\u0131 zaman ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, kitab\u0131n ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerinde h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorum. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u00e7i\u00e7ek demetleri i\u015flemi\u015fler, ancak geleneksel i\u011fne i\u015finde buna pek rastlanm\u0131yor. Bu de\u011fi\u015fim ve etkile\u015fimleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmak \u00f6nemli.<\/p>\n

\u2018Halep\u2019te baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgeler k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Ermenistan gibiydi\u2026\u2019\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Tarih boyunca g\u00f6\u00e7ler olsa da Halep\u2019te yerle\u015fik bir Ermeni n\u00fcfusu ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc hep var olmu\u015f. 500 y\u0131ll\u0131k Karasun Manuk Kilisesi\u2019ne bak\u0131n. \u00d6te yandan, Soyk\u0131r\u0131m sonras\u0131 Ermeni n\u00fcfusu art\u0131yor. 1915\u2019ten sonra Halep\u2019e gelen Ermenilerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Kilikya b\u00f6lgesinden. Antep, Halep\u2019e en fazla 150 kilometre uzakta. Antepli Ermeniler, e\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131rtlay\u0131p gelmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Bu nedenle, Antep\u2019le ilgili yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m ara\u015ft\u0131rmada kaynak s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ekmedim. Evlerde, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan kalma \u00e7ok fazla el i\u015fi vard\u0131. Mara\u015f, Antep\u2019e g\u00f6re Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u2019dan daha fazla etkilenmi\u015f bir yerdi. Onlar\u0131n kurtard\u0131klar\u0131 e\u015fyalar g\u00f6rece olarak daha azd\u0131. \u00c7ok fazla Urfal\u0131 da ya\u015f\u0131yordu Halep\u2019te. Urfa, daha do\u011fuda olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bir s\u00fcre Fransa\u2019n\u0131n kontrol\u00fcnde bulunan k\u00f6ylerde ya\u015fayan Urfal\u0131 Ermeniler, 15-20 y\u0131l sonra \u015fehre gelmek istediler ve Halep\u2019e g\u00f6\u00e7 ettiler. 1946\u2019ya kadar Halep\u2019te baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgeler k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Ermenistan gibiydi.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/tr\/yazi\/14732\/antep-urfa-ve-maras-igne-isleri-ermeni-kulturunun-bir-butun-oldugunu-gosteriyor<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Maral Dink Ressam ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Hrazdan Tokmajian’\u0131n izinde, Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u2019dan sa\u011f kurtularak Halep\u2019e ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f Mara\u015fl\u0131, Urfal\u0131 ve Antepli kad\u0131nlar\u0131n beraberlerinde getirebildikleri i\u011fne i\u015flerine, \u00fc\u00e7 \u015fehrin nak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki farka, 100 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde g\u00f6sterdikleri de\u011fi\u015fimlere, anneden k\u0131za \u00f6\u011fretilen ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan sanata bak\u0131yoruz. Ressam ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Hrazdan Tokmajian, Halep\u2019te ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llarda resim \u00f6\u011fretmenli\u011finin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Mara\u015f, Urfa ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,45,54,71],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39144","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-haberler","category-halk-sanati","category-kitaplar-elestiriler","category-mulakatlar"],"yoast_head":"\n\u2018Antep, Urfa ve Mara\u015f i\u011fne i\u015fleri, Ermeni k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn bir b\u00fct\u00fcn oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor\u201d - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=39144\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u2018Antep, Urfa ve Mara\u015f i\u011fne i\u015fleri, Ermeni k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn bir b\u00fct\u00fcn oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor\u201d - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Maral Dink Ressam ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Hrazdan Tokmajian’\u0131n izinde, Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u2019dan sa\u011f kurtularak Halep\u2019e ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f Mara\u015fl\u0131, Urfal\u0131 ve Antepli kad\u0131nlar\u0131n beraberlerinde getirebildikleri i\u011fne i\u015flerine, \u00fc\u00e7 \u015fehrin nak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki farka, 100 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde g\u00f6sterdikleri de\u011fi\u015fimlere, anneden k\u0131za \u00f6\u011fretilen ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan sanata bak\u0131yoruz. 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