{"id":39133,"date":"2016-03-18T02:30:15","date_gmt":"2016-03-18T07:30:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=39133"},"modified":"2016-03-18T02:30:31","modified_gmt":"2016-03-18T07:30:31","slug":"suryaniler-ve-kildaniler-acilari-ve-umutlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=39133","title":{"rendered":"S\u00fcryaniler Ve Kildaniler- Ac\u0131lar\u0131 Ve Umutlar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Suryaniler\"<\/a>S\u00fcryaniler\/Kildaniler- Ac\u0131lar\u0131, Umutlar\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

G\u00fcncel Sayfalar 1914-1917<\/b><\/p>\n

Peder Eug\u00e9ne Griselle<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00c7ev. Cemal Ak\u0131nc\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

* Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131 Asur Tarihi<\/b><\/p>\n

* Van ve Urmiye Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00d6n Asya\u2019daki T\u00fcrkler\u2019in icraatlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ortaya konan belgeler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bir y\u0131l \u00f6nce\u00a0G\u00fcn G\u00fcn Ermenistan<\/i>\u00a0ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda yazd\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131 burada a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 bir g\u00f6rev bilmekteyim. Beni ilgilendiren, olaylara kendi g\u00f6zleriyle tan\u0131k olanlarca temin edilen belgelerin, g\u00fcvenilir raport\u00f6rlerin tuttu\u011fu kay\u0131tlar\u0131yla tarafs\u0131zca tarihin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bununla birlikte bir \u00e7ok \u00f6l\u00fcme neden olan T\u00fcrk ba\u011fnazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda, yeni Alman etkisini kabul etmesek de, su\u00e7 ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda i\u015fbirli\u011fini kan\u0131tlamak yeterli olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

E\u011fer imparatorluk, m\u00fcttefik olmak i\u00e7in, Alaaddin\u2019in mezar\u0131na t\u00f6rensel hac ziyaretinde bulunduktan sonra kendisine Hac\u0131 Muhammed Guylum (Hadji Mohamed Guilloum) ad\u0131 lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcnen bi\u00e7are bir imparatora boyun e\u011ferse uzun s\u00fcreli cinayetlerin kefaretini \u00f6demek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkler, Anadolu\u2019ya geldiklerinden bu yana, kan d\u00f6kmek, yak\u0131p y\u0131kmaktan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey yapmam\u0131\u015flar ve bir zamanlar \u00e7ok zengin olan bu topraklara \u015fimdi de Berlin m\u00fcttefikleri g\u00f6z dikmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Kildani\/Asurlar\u2019a uygulad\u0131klar\u0131 zorbal\u0131k y\u00f6ntemleri Ermenistan (Van) piskoposunun son katliamlar\u0131 i\u00e7eren\u00a0An\u0131<\/i><\/b>\u00a0yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r. Urmiye\u2019de yap\u0131lan zul\u00fcmlere gelince, bunlar da Lazarist misyoner M. Habel Zayya taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131nan otantik raporlarda anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Di\u011fer kaynaklarca temin edilecek belgelere zaten gerek yoktur. \u0130ki misyoner de Fransa\u2019ya dost halklarla ilgili \u00f6zlem ve duygular\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131yla dile getirmi\u015flerdir. Dr. H. de Brun, Suriye\u2019de bulundu\u011fu 30 y\u0131l sonras\u0131 Asur ulusunun gelecekle ilgili umut ve beklentilerini\u00a01915 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fransa<\/i>\u00a0adl\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131nda ele alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O halde bu ger\u00e7ekte S\u00fcryani\/Kildaniler\u2019in ve Suriye\u2019nin i\u015fitilecek sesi olup, cellatlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kurbanlar\u0131n m\u00fccadelesidir. Bu kadar \u00e7ekilen ac\u0131 sonras\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f d\u00fcnyan\u0131n sempatisini kazanmak ve d\u00f6k\u00fclen kanlar\u0131n pahas\u0131na elde edilen teminat ve tazminatlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ezilen halklar\u0131n umutlar\u0131na terc\u00fcman olmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Sevr, 24 Mart 1917<\/p>\n

1<\/b><\/p>\n

Van (Ermenistan) Piskoposu\u00a0Awgin Yacqub Manna<\/i>\u00a0(Evgin Yakup Menne, 1866 – 1928) taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131nan\u00a0An\u0131lar<\/i><\/b>\u2019\u0131nda:<\/p>\n

\u201cMezopotamya\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6rkemli ve sakin d\u00fczl\u00fcklerinde kar\u015f\u0131n\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan Ararat Da\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ge\u00e7itlerinde ac\u0131 \u00e7eken bir \u00fclkeden ge\u00e7mek, Asur ve Kildani \u0130mparatorluklar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n akibetini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek Ermeni sorununu an\u0131msamakt\u0131r.\u201c<\/p>\n

Bu Anadolu\u2019yu gezen bir Frans\u0131z yolcunun 1901 y\u0131l\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131dan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olup, bu yaz\u0131 daha sonra\u00a0\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar ve Geziler, H\u0131ristiyanlar ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar<\/i>\u00a0ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrk rejiminin uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bask\u0131lar ile ilgili davada yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 savunmadan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc, kendisini kutlamak i\u00e7in Jules Lemaitre\u2019nin heyecanl\u0131 bir mektup g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi M. Ludovic de Conten son yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 uzun ve sab\u0131rl\u0131, g\u00f6zlemlere dayand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Etkileyici ve \u00f6vg\u00fcye de\u011fer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n pe\u015fini b\u0131rakmam\u0131\u015f, 9 y\u0131l sonra yani Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda, \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fc ac\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcne serildi\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck sava\u015f\u0131n arifesi say\u0131lan 1913 y\u0131l\u0131nda kitap\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ikinci bas\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anadolu\u2019da yap\u0131lan reformlar S\u00fcryaniler ve Ermeniler ile ilgili sorunlar\u0131 da meydana \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131 ve Suriye\u2019nin, yokolmu\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131ndan kalma bu sorunlara s\u0131cak bakmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Ayr\u0131ca Contenson\u2019a g\u00f6re: \u201cSuriye\u2019de, Ermenistan\u2019da; daha d\u00fcn Makedonya\u2019da \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri uyand\u0131ran, soy haklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131karan Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fc y\u00f6netimidir. Ayr\u0131ca halk\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan Suriye\u2019nin reformlardan yana oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir.\u201c Yazar, olabilecek bir rejimin Kuran\u2019dan nas\u0131l etkilenebilece\u011fi sinyalini de vermi\u015ftir.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte 1913 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cAnadolu\u2019daki Osmanl\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7inde Suriye i\u00e7in ademi merkeziyet\u00e7ili\u011fin uzla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir form\u00fcl olmas\u0131 normaldi. Bir Avrupa sava\u015f\u0131na yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 korkusuyla diplomatlar bunu onaylam\u0131\u015f, ancak daha sonra bu yolun gereksiz oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, zira korkulan \u015fey Almanlarca kasten yak\u0131lan ate\u015fin kanl\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131lt\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7inde yokolmu\u015ftur. S\u00fcryani sorunu i\u00e7in de, Berlin Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019ndaki \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck hakk\u0131n\u0131n da oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in, daha \u00f6nce \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi gereken, kimsenin dokunamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu sorunun kan g\u00f6l\u00fcnde kayboldu\u011funu g\u00f6rmek yeterlidir. Art\u0131k bunun ger\u00e7ek oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rmek, pahal\u0131ya mal olmu\u015ftur ve \u00fcmit edilen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u201cFrans\u0131z siyasetinin ekseni Akdeniz\u2019dedir. Bu, Georges Leygues taraf\u0131ndan meclis k\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fcnden 11 Mart 1914\u2019te a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ilan edilmi\u015ftir. Akdeniz\u2019in bat\u0131s\u0131nda; Cezayir, Tunus ve Fas, do\u011fusunda ise, sahip oldu\u011fumuz ahlaki etki ve ekonomik \u00e7\u0131karlar nedeniyle Frans\u0131z hareketinin \u00f6zel bir yerinde bulunan Suriye ve L\u00fcbnan\u2019d\u0131r.\u201c Do\u011fu\u2019da Frans\u0131z etkinli\u011fini geli\u015ftirmek ama\u00e7l\u0131 kredilerin verilmesine neden olan bu resmi beyanlar M. Georges Leyguer\u2019in ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 1915 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki konferansla Beyrut T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesi profes\u00f6r\u00fc eski bakan Dr. Brun taraf\u0131ndan da dile getirilmi\u015f olup; Do\u011fu\u2019da ne olup bitti\u011fini bilerek konu\u015fan bu hatip \u015f\u00f6yle devam eder:<\/p>\n

\u201cSuriye yani Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun Fransa\u2019s\u0131! B\u00fct\u00fcn halk\u0131 bug\u00fcn korkuyla, sab\u0131rs\u0131z bir endi\u015feyle bizleri bekleyen Suriye Aziz Luviz (Luis)\u2019den beri s\u00fcregelen fikir ve olu\u015fumlar\u0131 g\u00f6zard\u0131 etmeksizin, t\u00fcm idarelerin fedakarca ve s\u00fcrekli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 otomatik sonucu ve durumumuzun hakl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na hi\u00e7bir itiraz olmaks\u0131z\u0131n; maddi ve manevi haklar\u0131n, t\u00fcm \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n olmas\u0131 gereken yer Suriye… Bunun yan\u0131nda Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Do\u011fu Fransa ile ilgilenmemesi ve Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n bu konuya dokunulamaz felsefesi sorunu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcms\u00fcz k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6ylemek ve ba\u015fka \u015fekilde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek her insan\u0131n tabii g\u00f6revidir. Otuz y\u0131l \u00f6nce cumhuriyet idaresi beni Beyrut T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesi\u2019ne atayarak, Suriye\u2019deki Frans\u0131z etkisinin artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda \u00fcst\u00fc kapal\u0131 g\u00f6rev y\u00fcklemi\u015ftir. Bu g\u00f6revi \u015ferefle yerine getirdim. T\u00fcm etkinli\u011fimi Suriye\u2019nin Fransa\u2019ya ba\u011flanmas\u0131na adad\u0131m ve kar\u015f\u0131la\u015faca\u011f\u0131m engellerin ve sava\u015f\u0131n zorluklar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncem ve karakterimde de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapaca\u011f\u0131 ku\u015fkusuna kap\u0131lmad\u0131m. B\u00fct\u00fcn Do\u011fu\u2019da \u00e7ok sevilen, sayg\u0131 g\u00f6ren Frans\u0131z ad\u0131n\u0131 bahseden y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r var olan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir devletin zay\u0131f bir devleti himayesine almas\u0131 ve egemenlikten vazge\u00e7mesi, Suriye\u2019nin Fransa\u2019dan kopmas\u0131 Fransa\u2019n\u0131n en k\u00f6t\u00fc durumda bulundu\u011fu zamanlarda bile sorun olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201c<\/p>\n

\u0130ran\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de, Almanlar\u0131n Do\u011fu\u2019ya do\u011fru ilerleme i\u00e7inde kendilerine engel olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri, halklar\u0131n\u0131n sistematik soyk\u0131r\u0131mla bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 S\u00fcryani ve Kildanilere yard\u0131m eli uzat\u0131lmas\u0131na, bayra\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n sevilmesi ve de Frans\u0131z ad\u0131ndan nefret edilmesi nedeniyle yap\u0131lan zul\u00fcm ve katliamlara maruz kalan bu halklar\u0131n davas\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7ilmesine hala bir anlam veremiyorum.<\/p>\n

Ermeniler\u2019in yok edilmesini ilan eden Berlin-Ba\u011fdat b\u00fcy\u00fck hayali ve\u00a0Nach Osten<\/i>\u00a0hevesinin en az\u0131ndan burada haklar\u0131n\u0131 savundu\u011fumuz S\u00fcryani ve Kildani H\u0131ristiyanlara zarar\u0131 dokunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

2<\/b><\/p>\n

Asur\/Kildani Ulusu<\/b><\/p>\n

Kavim ve Tarihleri Hakk\u0131nda Temel Bilgiler<\/b><\/p>\n

En eski \u00e7a\u011flardan beri, Basra K\u00f6rfezi ve Eski Urartu (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Ermenistan) ile Medler\u2019in ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 topraklardan F\u0131rat nehrine kadar olan yerlerde; istila ettikleri topraklarda, kendilerine Asur, Kildani, Mezopotamyal\u0131 adlar\u0131n\u0131 veren ilkel topluluklar ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fleri, bug\u00fcn bilimce de kan\u0131tlanan insano\u011flunun yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 uygarl\u0131kt\u0131r. Kildani krallar\u0131ndan I. Sargon veya Sarkayne (Adil Kral anlam\u0131na gelmektedir) H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131ktan 4000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce, Kildanistan\u2019dan ba\u015fka Asuristan, Mezopotamya, t\u00fcm \u0130ran ve Suriye\u2019yi kendi h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda birle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Sam o\u011fullar\u0131ndan, Dicle k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda Ninova\u2019y\u0131 in\u015fa etmek ve Dicle k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na yerle\u015fmek i\u00e7in Sennaar\u2019\u0131 terkeden Assur, ulusuna kendi ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015f ve kendinden sonra gelen \u00e7ocuklar\u0131, Yukar\u0131 Mezopotamya\u2019dan Asuristan\u2019a ve bug\u00fcnk\u00fc K\u00fcrdistan\u2019dan Urmiye G\u00f6l\u00fc k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na kadar olan b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdir. Mezopotamya (Dicle ve F\u0131rat nehirleri aras\u0131nda kalan b\u00f6lge)\u2019n\u0131n co\u011frafi adland\u0131rmas\u0131 kendili\u011finden kaynaklanmakta olup, hala bug\u00fcn bile \u00fczerinde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan Kildani s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ise Sami dillerinde, d\u00fcz ve ta\u015fs\u0131z anlam\u0131na gelen Kalad veya Kalaz k\u00f6k\u00fcnden t\u00fcredi\u011fi san\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. O halde, \u00e7\u00f6l anlam\u0131na gelen Araba s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden Arap ya da Arabi s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u00fcretildi\u011fi gibi, ta\u015fs\u0131z ve d\u00fcz bir \u00fclkede oturan anlam\u0131na gelen Kalad s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden Kildani s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u00fcretilmesi mant\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r. Arami s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne gelince, bu da Asurlar gibi soyu belirtmektedir. Zira, Aram Sennaar\u2019da Kildanistan\u2019\u0131 in\u015fa eden Assur\u2019un erkek karde\u015finin ad\u0131d\u0131r. O halde ilgilendi\u011fimiz \u0131rk\u0131n ilk yerle\u015fim birimi Dicle \u00f6zellikle F\u0131rat k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. Uzak ge\u00e7mi\u015finin hala izlerini ta\u015f\u0131yan \u00fcnl\u00fc kent, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131n yerinde \u00f6nce Saliq\/Selewkiye, daha sonra Qtisfon\/Ktesifon (\u0130kiz Kent), Arap M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n istilas\u0131na kadar [\u0130S 7. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Aramlar\u0131n kent ad\u0131 ve civar\u0131 Beth-Aramaye – Beith Armayer – (Aramistan) olarak biliniyordu] Partlar\u2019\u0131n daha sonra Pers Sasani krallar\u0131n\u0131n idari merkezi olmu\u015ftur.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Musul b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fayan K\u00fcrtler\u2019de oldu\u011fu gibi bu b\u00f6lgelerde S\u00fcryani-Kildani H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funda Assur\u2019a ait Assuris ve Assuran ulusal adlar\u0131 hala ya\u015fat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Suriye ad\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6kenine gelince, Bat\u0131 Mezopotamya yani bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ad\u0131 ile Suriye topraklar\u0131n\u0131 tamamen fetheden Antakya h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Keyh\u00fcsrev\/Siros (Kuro\u0161, Syros)\u2019tan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 sav\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

Asuristan s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir k\u0131saltma olmasa da, 7. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan \u00f6nce i\u015fgal edilmi\u015f b\u00f6lgelerden Asuristan s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ay\u0131rmak i\u00e7in, eski M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n bu topraklara verdikleri ad olan Xaro (Haro, Kharo)\u2019nun Yunanl\u0131lar\u2019ca yap\u0131lan \u00e7evirilerini incelemek laz\u0131md\u0131r.[3]<\/a>\u00a0Ger\u00e7ekten buralarda dini bir d\u00fczenin b\u00f6yle bir adla \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Eski Asur-Kildani diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan ulusal adlar\u0131n, \u00e7oktanr\u0131l\u0131 (dinsiz) ya da asl\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olmayan s\u00f6zc\u00fckler ile sinonim oldu\u011fu, h\u0131ristiyanl\u0131kta dininden d\u00f6nenleri tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in havarilik kehanetinden sonra; Suriye, Aramlar, Asur-Kildanileri diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan S\u00fcryani ad\u0131, Kildanistan, Asuristan, Mezopotamya Asur-Kildanileri ve di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerdeki uluslar\u0131n ortak ad\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Amac\u0131m\u0131z, insano\u011flunun ilk uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu topraklar\u0131n, y\u00fcksek ve antik de\u011ferlerini, din, dil ve sanat alanlar\u0131ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klamak olmasa da 35 y\u00fczy\u0131l (\u0130\u00d6 4000 ve 500 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131) \u00f6nce Babil\u2019i daha sonra Ninwe\/Ninova\u2019y\u0131 yani Do\u011fu\u2019yu y\u00f6neten Asur-Kildani uluslar\u0131n\u0131n tarihteki \u00f6nemli olaylar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmeden ge\u00e7emeyiz.<\/p>\n

Bilimadamlar\u0131nca Asya\u2019n\u0131n Romal\u0131lar\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu halklar\u0131n uygarl\u0131k izlerini Suriye\u2019de, Ermenistan\u2019da, \u0130ran\u2019da, Mezopotamya\u2019da, Asuristan\u2019da, Kildanistan\u2019da g\u00f6rmek olanakl\u0131d\u0131r. Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndaki Tabal ve Mauski\u2019yi birden \u00e7ok sefer sonra fethederek kuzeyde Hazar Denizi\u2019ne kadar fetihlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fler ve M\u0131s\u0131r Deltas\u0131\u2019na kadar gitmi\u015flerdir. Etrafa \u00f6yle korku salm\u0131\u015flar ki, Firavun\u2019un b\u00fct\u00fcn ordular\u0131n\u0131 birliklerinden sadece birinin p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclebilece\u011fi durumda oldu\u011funa \u015fahit olunmu\u015ftur. Ama fethettikleri yerleri yak\u0131p y\u0131km\u0131yorlard\u0131. Do\u011fal olarak zengin olan topraklar\u0131n\u0131 daha da verimli hale getirmek i\u00e7in kulland\u0131klar\u0131 sulama sistemleri, tar\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fckemmeliyeti, y\u00fcksek mimarisi, i\u015flemeleri, kuma\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, sanat eserlerininin zerafeti, de\u015fifre olmu\u015f \u00e7ivi yaz\u0131s\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdikleri bilim ve edebiyatlar\u0131 t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya taraf\u0131ndan bilinmektedir. Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda, topraklar\u0131nda ye\u015feren H\u0131ristiyan inanc\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemi ve Havarili\u011fin yay\u0131lmas\u0131 da an\u0131msanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, \u0130ran, Arabistan, Hindistan, \u00c7in, Tataristan ve Kafkasya misyonerleri i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir basamak olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Kurduklar\u0131 y\u00fcksek okullar ve \u00fcniversitelerle Antiyox, Urhoy, Nsibin ve Qtisfon (Antakya, Urfa, Nusaybin ve Ktesifon) entelekt\u00fcel faaliyetlerin merkezi olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Bug\u00fcn sadece korkun\u00e7 olaylara tan\u0131k oldu\u011fumuz Asur-Kildaniler\u2019in \u00fclkesinde, manast\u0131r ya\u015fam\u0131na ait g\u00f6z kama\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 dinsel, dilsel ve edebi yap\u0131tlar bulunmu\u015ftur. 20 y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca devam eden zul\u00fcm \u015fimdi de devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fu H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ac\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015fini, Alman-T\u00fcrk i\u015fbirli\u011fince ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen ac\u0131mas\u0131z y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131, bize aktararak Asur-Kildanileri Kilisesi\u2019nden bir piskoposun bahts\u0131z\u00a0 anlat\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sadece \u00f6zetlemekle yetinece\u011fiz. Ayn\u0131 tarihlerde havarilik M\u011fu\u0161e\/Mecusiler taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, Do\u011fu Pagan topluluklar\u0131 h\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelmi\u015f ve yeni h\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k, kanl\u0131 insan k\u0131y\u0131m\u0131yla \u00fcn yapm\u0131\u015f Aziz Tuma taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\u201cPiskopos Awgin Yacqub Manna (Evgin Yakup Menne), ulusunun 2000 y\u0131ldan beri nas\u0131l ezildi\u011fini ve ac\u0131mas\u0131z \u015fekilde katliamlara maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve hi\u00e7 eksilmedi\u011fini, bunlar\u0131n Part krallar\u0131, Trayanus ve d\u00f6nek J\u00fclyen gibi Roma imparatorlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fini yazmaktad\u0131r.\u201c<\/p>\n

Metni oldu\u011fu gibi aktar\u0131yoruz: \u201cUlus 4. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan 7. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar Sasaniler taraf\u0131ndan k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7tan ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f, sadece 200 bin civar\u0131ndaki Asur-Kildanileri, 4. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131na do\u011fru Persli \u015eapur\u2019un hakimiyeti alt\u0131nda \u015fehit edilmi\u015ftir. Asuristan\u2019daki Beth-Slux (Bet-Sluh, Kerk\u00fck) kentinde 20 bin ya\u015fayanla birlikte 155 bin ki\u015fi dinini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a hayk\u0131ran, H\u0131ristiyan Pers y\u00f6netimince zincire vurulmu\u015f ve hep birlikte \u2018Biz ate\u015fe tapm\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131z; bizi \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcn, biz H\u0131ristiyan\u0131z!\u2018 diye hayk\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn boyunca 25 bin inanc\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 Katolik koyun gibi kesilmi\u015f, cesetleri \u00fcst \u00fcste y\u0131\u011f\u0131larak bir tepe olu\u015fturmu\u015f ve hepsi de kan ve ate\u015fle iki kez vaftiz edilerek g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne u\u00e7mu\u015ftur. Bu nedenledir ki, \u015fehitler kilisesi olan Kildani\/Asur Kilisesi, Pantikust Yortusu sonraki ilk \u00c7ar\u015famba, inan\u00e7 savunucular\u0131n\u0131n zaferlerini kutlamakta ve bu kutlamalarda 5. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda piskopos olan Aziz Marutha (Maruta) taraf\u0131ndan bestelenen ilahileri sabah ve ak\u015fam s\u00f6ylemektedirler. 7. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Pers krallar\u0131 yenilip yerlerine Arap Muhammedileri ge\u00e7ti\u011finde Asur-Kildaniler\u2019in ac\u0131 ve zul\u00fcm dolu ya\u015fant\u0131lar\u0131nda hi\u00e7 bir \u015fey de\u011fi\u015fmedi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc halifeler de Muhammed gibi, ellerinde k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 ile zaptettikleri topraklarda uluslar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm ya da \u0130slamiyet se\u00e7iminde zorlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Zaman zaman insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r basan halifeler d\u00f6nemi de olmu\u015ftur; i\u015fte o zaman kilise rahat bir nefes alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar istisna olup, halifelerin \u00e7o\u011fu ger\u00e7ek birer barbard\u0131. \u00d6yle anlar olmu\u015ftur ki; katliam ve zul\u00fcm d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ac\u0131mas\u0131z yasalar da dikte ettirmi\u015flerdir. \u00d6rne\u011fin bir H\u0131ristiyan\u0131n ata binme hakk\u0131 yoktur; bir H\u0131ristiyan yolun kenar\u0131ndan de\u011fil, hayvanlarla birlikte yolun ortas\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fcmeli; pazara gitmek i\u00e7in evinden \u00e7\u0131kan bir H\u0131ristiyan\u0131n boynunda belli a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kta tahta bir \u00e7an\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r; bir H\u0131ristiyan\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcmana kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fahitli\u011fi kabul edilemez…. ve bunun gibi daha niceleri…\u201c<\/p>\n

Ama \u00f6l\u00fcmden daha ac\u0131 olan \u015fey ise; H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fclerini defnetmek i\u00e7in M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kad\u0131lardan izin belgesi al\u0131p, defin i\u015flerini yapmalar\u0131 idi. H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu mezalimle ilgili bize ula\u015fan belgelere g\u00f6zatal\u0131m:<\/p>\n

\u201cB\u00f6yle do\u011fan ve yanan biri, k\u00f6t\u00fc ruh olarak cehenneme gider; (erkek \u00e7ocuk s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hi\u00e7bir zaman H\u0131ristiyanlara verilmiyor ama bunun yan\u0131nda do\u011fan s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hayvanlar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu) kadavras\u0131n\u0131n atmosferi bozmas\u0131 ve sad\u0131k insanlara (M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar) veba bula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131ndan korkuldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00fclerini bir k\u00f6pek gibi topra\u011f\u0131n alt\u0131na saklamalar\u0131na m\u00fcsaade ettik vs. vs. Halbuki H\u0131ristiyanlar ellerindeki b\u00fct\u00fcn maddi olanaklar\u0131 harcay\u0131p defn formalitelerini tamamlay\u0131p, bu insan\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc izni al\u0131yor. Her \u015feye ra\u011fmen bu H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131 \u00e7ok mutlu ediyordu.<\/p>\n

8. y\u00fczy\u0131la do\u011fru Arap hakimiyetinin yerini hi\u00e7bir ac\u0131ma ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fc bulunmayan Cengiz Han ve halefleri \u00f6nderli\u011finde Mo\u011fol ve Tatar hakimiyeti ald\u0131. Ger\u00e7ekten bunlar di\u011ferlerinden daha vah\u015fi ve kanl\u0131 olup; t\u00fcm kentleri k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7tan ge\u00e7irip, en kalabal\u0131k kentleri yokedip, en kutsal yap\u0131lar\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131p, tamamen her yeri yak\u0131p y\u0131kt\u0131lar. Bu\u011fd\u00ebd (Ba\u011fdat) ve Maw\u015f\u00ebl (Musul) aras\u0131nda D\u00ebqlad (Dicle) k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda kurulmu\u015f Tagrit (Tekrit) kentinin t\u00fcm halk\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7tan ge\u00e7irenler Arbil (Erbil) kentinin t\u00fcm halk\u0131n\u0131 katledenler Tatarlar\u2019d\u0131r. G\u00f6\u00e7ebelerin hakimiyeti alt\u0131nda y\u00fczlerce Kildani manast\u0131r\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, okul ve \u00fcniversitelerimiz yokolmu\u015f, kiliselerimiz yokolmu\u015f, say\u0131s\u0131z geli\u015fmi\u015f piskoposlu\u011fumuz ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde Arabistan\u2019da Hint Okyanusu ve Umman Denizi\u2019nde bulunan adalarda ya\u015fayan inananlar i\u00e7in ne korkun\u00e7 \u015fey! Bug\u00fcn orada hi\u00e7bir Kildani H\u0131ristiyan\u0131 kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hepsi ya k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7tan ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f ya da zorla M\u00fcsluman yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Civar kentlerdekileri hesaba katmaks\u0131z\u0131n sadece Ba\u011fdat\u2019ta 50. 000 Kildani ya\u015famakta idi. 200 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar bize kalan sadece 30 ailedir. \u201c[4]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n do\u011fum yeri olan Asuristan\u2019\u0131, Mezopotamya\u2019y\u0131, Kildanistan\u2019\u0131 ziyaret etti\u011finizde; yaln\u0131zca birka\u00e7 k\u0131r\u0131nt\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, etrafa da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve toprak alt\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck kentlerin ve ac\u0131 boyunduru\u011fun alt\u0131nda ye\u015feren g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve eski bir ulusun kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 bulursunuz. Tatar \u0131rk\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkler olu\u015ftu, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm \u00e7abalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen her zaman vah\u015fi kalan ve y\u00f6netmeyi bilmeyen bu ac\u0131mas\u0131z \u0131rk, kan d\u00f6kmek ve yak\u0131p y\u0131kmak i\u00e7in yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015fa benziyordu. Bu kavmin hakimiyeti boyunca Do\u011fu H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ac\u0131lar\u0131 tarif etmek olanaks\u0131zd\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kanl\u0131 tarihleri zaten bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkler, adaleti tesis etmek, g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yapm\u0131yor. Sadece vergi toplay\u0131p, halk\u0131n s\u0131rt\u0131ndan ge\u00e7inmeyi biliyorlard\u0131. Bu nedenledir ki; T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi olu\u015fturan de\u011fi\u015fik unsurlar birbirleri taraf\u0131ndan yokedilmi\u015ftir. Daha 70 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesi Botan Beyi\u2019ne ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc Bedirxan K\u00fcrtleri Van y\u00f6resindeki da\u011flarda ya\u015fayan Asur-Kildanileri\u2019ne kar\u015f\u0131 katliamlar yapm\u0131\u015flar. 100 binden fazla insan ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015f, binlerce kad\u0131n ve k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, zorla M\u00fcsl\u00fcman yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. H\u0131ristiyanlara ait yap\u0131lar y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve ya\u011fma edilmi\u015ftir. Sultan Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in barbarca yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 katliamlar bize uzak de\u011fildir. Yar\u0131m milyona yak\u0131n Ermeni k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7tan ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f ya da sefalet i\u00e7inde \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f ve bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda binlerce Asur-Kildani hesaba kat\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r; t\u00fcm H\u0131ristiyanlara ait mallar ya\u011fma edilmi\u015f, kad\u0131n ve k\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n vah\u015fice \u0131rz\u0131na ge\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkler\u2019in H\u0131ristiyanlara eziyeti sadece \u00f6ld\u00fcrerek olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bar\u0131\u015f d\u00f6neminde bile H\u0131ristiyanlar\u2019\u0131n durumu ac\u0131nacak haldeydi. Bir\u00e7ok Kildani kenti y\u0131lda 3 kez ya\u011fma edilmekteydi. \u015eu anda Bitlis, Diyarbak\u0131r ve Musul\u2019da hala binlerce Kildani vard\u0131r; M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar onlar\u0131n tah\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 100 frank a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 al\u0131yor ve sat\u0131yorlard\u0131. Y\u00fczlerce H\u0131ristiyan\u2019\u0131n sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 hatta bir ki\u015finin d\u00f6rt ki\u015fiye; bir baca\u011f\u0131 Ali\u2019ye di\u011fer baca\u011f\u0131 Muhammed\u2019e bir kolu Hasan\u2019a, di\u011fer kolu H\u00fcseyin\u2019e olmak \u00fczere sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. K\u00f6lelik ba\u015fka sahiplere evlilik ya da \u00f6l\u00fcm yoluyla ba\u015fka sahiplere ge\u00e7ebiliyordu vs. vs. K\u00f6le sahipleri, normal vergi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda birde be\u011fendikleri ve ald\u0131klar\u0131 H\u0131ristiyan k\u00f6le i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 bir vergi \u00f6demek zorunda olduklar\u0131ndan, bu vergiyi \u00f6demek i\u00e7in k\u00f6leler gece g\u00fcnd\u00fcz \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yordu.[5]<\/a><\/p>\n

3<\/b><\/p>\n

Son Katliamlar<\/b><\/p>\n

Alman ve T\u00fcrk i\u015fbirli\u011finin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zul\u00fcmden ka\u00e7an Van piskoposu taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131nan felaketlerin ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 anlat\u0131m\u0131:<\/p>\n

\u201cBarbarlar\u0131n \u015fu anda yapt\u0131klar\u0131, Tatarlar\u0131n, eski T\u00fcrklerin, K\u0131z\u0131l Sultan\u2019\u0131n yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6lgede b\u0131rakacak g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. II. Guillaum (Kayzer II. Wilhelm)\u2019\u0131n m\u00fcttefikleri ve dostlar\u0131 Abd\u00fclhamid d\u00f6nemini mutsuz ge\u00e7irmi\u015flerdir.\u201c Yeni ba\u011flant\u0131lar piskopos Awgin Yacqub Manna (Evgin Yakup Menne)\u2019n\u0131n resmi raporunda mevcuttur.<\/p>\n

\u201cK\u0131z\u0131l Sultan Abd\u00fclhamid d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ama onun yerine, yaln\u0131zca H\u0131ristiyan kan\u0131 i\u00e7meyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen, hi\u00e7bir insani vasf\u0131 olmayan J\u00f6n T\u00fcrkler ge\u00e7ti. J\u00f6n T\u00fcrkler\u2019in bu kadar y\u00fckselmelerinin nedeni, kutsal sava\u015flar\u0131yla M\u00fcsl\u00fcman soyundan gelenlerin cahilce ba\u011fnazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kullanmalar\u0131d\u0131r.\u201c Ger\u00e7ekten, bu sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren T\u00fcrkler \u0130ranl\u0131lar\u2019la anla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve barbarca hareketler o zaman ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1915 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk g\u00fcnlerinde Rus birliklerinin \u00e7ekili\u015finden hemen sonra, katliamlar \u0130ran ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f; Salamas ve Urmiye kentlerinde Asur-Kildaniler\u2019e ait t\u00fcm mallar ya\u011fma edilmi\u015f, evleri yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, k\u00f6yleri yak\u0131l\u0131p, y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, kad\u0131nlar ve 8 ya\u015f\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131larak \u0131rz\u0131na ge\u00e7ilmi\u015f ve 80. 000\u2019nin \u00fczerinde insandan yakla\u015f\u0131k 12. 000\u2019i ya katledilmi\u015f ya da sefaletten \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Salamas kentinde 50 ya\u015flar\u0131nda Israyel Bi\u015faba (\u0130srayel Bisaba) adl\u0131 Kildani-Katolik rahip T\u00fcrkler taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6nce kafa derisi y\u00fcz\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f daha sonra M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmay\u0131 reddetti\u011fi i\u00e7in bo\u011fularak \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Urmiye\u2019nin di\u011fer bir k\u00f6y\u00fc Atlakandi\u2019de H\u0131ristiyan Kildani ruhban Mu\u0161el (Mu\u015fel), H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 inkar etmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in han\u00e7er darbesiyle \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Di\u011fer alt\u0131 cinayetten ikisi canl\u0131 canl\u0131 yak\u0131larak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Bunun yan\u0131nda 50 ki\u015fi ile birlikte Kildani-Nasturi piskoposu, \u0130slamiyeti \u00f6\u011fretmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in koyun gibi kesilmi\u015ftir. Urmiye\u2019deki Lazarist Misyonu\u2019ndan 61 Kildani, T\u00fcrkler taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilmi\u015f ve 3000 s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortas\u0131nda korkun\u00e7 i\u015fkenceden sonra katledilmi\u015flerdir!<\/p>\n

\u0130lk katliamlar s\u0131ras\u0131nda Ba\u015fkale ve Saray\u2019da b\u00fct\u00fcn Asur-Kildanileri, Van\u2019da ise Ermeniler T\u00fcrkler taraf\u0131ndan katlediliyor; erkekler \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fckten sonra kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u0131rz\u0131na ge\u00e7iliyor, mallar\u0131 talan ediliyor, evleri ve k\u00f6yleri yak\u0131l\u0131yor, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklar ve kad\u0131nlar toplat\u0131l\u0131p ac ve \u00e7\u0131plak bir \u015fekilde da\u011flara \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131yor ve onlara hitaben alayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u2018haydi kuzenleriniz Ruslar\u2019\u0131n yan\u0131na gidin\u2018 diye ba\u011f\u0131r\u0131yorlard\u0131. Ne yaz\u0131k ki hepsi a\u00e7l\u0131ktan ve so\u011fuktan \u00f6ld\u00fcler.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bu ac\u0131mas\u0131zl\u0131klar, Rus-\u0130ran s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na ba\u015fkumandan olarak atanan Enver Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n son kay\u0131nbiraderi, aslen Arnavut H\u0131ristiyan\u0131 olan, Van eski valisi Tahir Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n o\u011flu \u00fcnl\u00fc barbar Cevdet Bey taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netiliyordu. Van b\u00f6lgesinde Ermenileri \u00e7arm\u0131ha gerdiren, giysilerinin i\u00e7ine canl\u0131 kediler koydurtan ve ba\u011f\u0131rsaklar\u0131n de\u015filmesi i\u00e7in kedileri kudurtan Cevdet Bey\u2019dir. Cevdet Bey, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman dostlar\u0131na yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektupta:\u00a0\u2018Saray ve Ba\u015fkale y\u00f6resindeki H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131 temizledim, bundan sonra Van ve y\u00f6resini temizlemeye geliyorum\u2018<\/i>\u00a0diye yazar.<\/p>\n

Eni\u015ftesi Enver Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n n\u00fcfuzunu kullanarak Van\u2019a genel vali olarak atan\u0131r; T\u00fcrk ordusunda bulunan H\u0131ristiyan askerleri \u00f6nce silahs\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r, sonra da \u00f6ld\u00fcrt\u00fcr. Kentin ileri gelenleri onu yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ziyaret etmek isterler. Ama \u00e7abalar\u0131 bo\u015funad\u0131r. H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131 katletmeye, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 Arabistan\u2019\u0131n en \u00fccra k\u00f6\u015fesine s\u00fcrmeye karar verdi\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Belki tarihte canavar olarak an\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hatta \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclece\u011fini, bunun \u00f6nemsiz oldu\u011funu,\u00a0\u2018Ruslar sizi kurtarmak i\u00e7in art\u0131k gelemezler ve bana direnecek silah\u0131n\u0131z da yok art\u0131k\u2018<\/i>\u00a0der.<\/p>\n

Ger\u00e7ekten 15 Nisan 1915\u2019de toplu bir katliam\u0131n ya\u015fanaca\u011f\u0131 sinyalini verir; kinini, K\u00fcrt destekli binden fazla T\u00fcrk askerinin sevk edildi\u011fi kentin civar\u0131nda, insanlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrerek, mallar\u0131n\u0131 talan ederek ve evlerini yakarak kusar. H\u0131ristiyanlar \u00fcmitsizce direnir; ama g\u00fc\u00e7leri fazla yetmez. Yanan evlerin dumanlar\u0131 g\u00f6klere \u00e7\u0131kar, top at\u0131\u015flar\u0131 her yerden duyulur olur, kad\u0131n, \u00e7oluk \u00e7ocuk b\u00fct\u00fcn H\u0131ristiyanlar vah\u015fetten kurtulmak i\u00e7in y\u00fczlercesi kente ak\u0131n eder. Bir ya\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 katlederek, kad\u0131n ve gen\u00e7 k\u0131zlar\u0131 kendi k\u00f6t\u00fc emellerine alet ederek barbar T\u00fcrkler t\u00fcm barbarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 sergilemi\u015flerdir. Bir\u00e7ok k\u00f6y talan edilmi\u015f, 16 H\u0131ristiyan k\u00f6y\u00fc tamamen yak\u0131l\u0131p, y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Van civar\u0131ndaki Asur-Kildanileri\u2019ne ait 16 k\u00f6y ayn\u0131 ac\u0131mas\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa maruz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 37 aileden olu\u015fan Xara\u0161iqwe (Hara\u015fikve) k\u00f6y\u00fcnde 103 ki\u015fi yok olmu\u015ftur. 32 hanelik Xinno (Hinno)\u2019da 51 ki\u015fi, 22 hanelik Ermans\u2019da halk\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131 katledilmi\u015ftir. S\u00eble (S\u0131le)\u2019de 50 hane, Xarafsoriqwe (Harafsorikve)\u2019de 20 hane tamamen ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 30 hanelik Ra\u0161an (Ra\u015fan) ve Axdaja (Ahdaca)\u2019da sadece 2 erkek ve ka\u00e7an kad\u0131nlar kurtulmu\u015ftur. Van\u2019\u0131n Gawar (Gabar) il\u00e7esinde say\u0131lar\u0131 20\u2019yi bulan Asur-Kildani k\u00f6ylerinde kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn erkekler katledilmi\u015ftir. K\u00f6yler ve civarlar\u0131nda i\u015fini tamamlayan T\u00fcrkler, yo\u011fun H\u0131ristiyan halk\u0131n bulundu\u011fu Van kentini ku\u015fat\u0131rlar; H\u0131ristiyanlar oturduklar\u0131 semtlerin etraf\u0131n\u0131 kazarak 20 Nisan g\u00fcn\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck bir direnme g\u00f6sterirler.<\/p>\n

Cevdet Bey buna \u00e7ok \u00f6fkelenir, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman mahallelerindeki b\u00fct\u00fcn H\u0131ristiyan evlerini yakt\u0131r\u0131r ve daha sonra halka \u015f\u00f6yle seslenir:\u00a0\u2018Kim ki H\u0131ristiyanlara yard\u0131m eder, ya da yatakl\u0131k eder evinin yak\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ailesinin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclece\u011fini ve aile reisinin de as\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurur.\u2018<\/i>\u00a0Sava\u015f kesintisiz, gece ve g\u00fcnd\u00fcz bir ay s\u00fcrer. 30. 000 top g\u00fcllesi H\u0131ristiyan mahallelerine ate\u015flenir. Milyonlarca mermiyi de hesap etmeye gerek yoktur. \u00c7abalar\u0131 bo\u015funad\u0131r; yenilmez H\u0131ristiyanlar, T\u00fcrklere b\u00fcy\u00fck kay\u0131p verdirirler. Ay\u0131n sonuna do\u011fru, Kafkasya\u2019dan g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc Ermeniler\u2019in e\u015fli\u011finde Rus birlikleri zaman\u0131nda imdada yeti\u015firler. T\u00fcrkler ka\u00e7ar ve kent kurtulur. Maalesef bu sevin\u00e7 fazla uzun s\u00fcrmez, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Rus birlikleri Van\u2019da 2 ay kald\u0131ktan sonra s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden belirlemek i\u00e7in \u00e7ekilirler. Pani\u011fe kap\u0131lan H\u0131ristiyanlar yurtlar\u0131n\u0131 terkederler. Bir tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n anlat\u0131m\u0131yla; erkek, kad\u0131n, \u00e7oluk \u00e7ocuk nereye gittiklerini bilmeden, ucu buca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen yollarda; y\u00fcr\u00fcmekten \u015fi\u015fmi\u015f ayaklarla, a\u011f\u0131r y\u00fckleriyle ilerlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan zavall\u0131 ya\u015fl\u0131lar, a\u011flayan \u00e7ocuklar, \u00e7ocu\u011funu yitirmi\u015f annelerin a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131 ve geride kalanlar\u0131n K\u00fcrtler taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi. 10 g\u00fcnl\u00fck korkun\u00e7 ka\u00e7\u0131\u015ftan sonra H\u0131ristiyanlar Rusya\u2019ya var\u0131r ve \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu da burada hastal\u0131k ve sefaletten k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Van kenti ise tamamen yak\u0131l\u0131p y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Van civar\u0131ndaki k\u00f6ylerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, Katolik ve Nasturi Asur-Kildanileri 120. 000 ki\u015filik bir topluluk olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. H\u0131ristiyanlar birka\u00e7 y\u0131lda bir ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc bedeli ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00f6deme yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ve bu \u00f6deme yapan aileler i\u00e7inden se\u00e7ilen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir prense (Kildanice Malik) sahip oldu, alt\u0131 kavime b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Prenslik kal\u0131t\u0131msal olup kavimlerdeki ulusal ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ate\u015fi, 15 May\u0131s\u2019da ba\u015flay\u0131p 15 Eyl\u00fcl 1915\u2019e kadar s\u00fcren m\u00fccadelede T\u00fcrk ve K\u00fcrt a\u015firetlerine kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir direnme m\u00fccadelesi g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc T\u00fcrk ordusu ve K\u00fcrt a\u015firetleri \u00f6n\u00fcnde geri \u00e7ekilme takti\u011fi ile sava\u015farak, binlerce insan\u0131n ka\u00e7mas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015flar ve hatta sava\u015fta toprak bile kazanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Maalesef bu halklar\u0131n her\u015feyi ya\u011fma edilmi\u015f, k\u00f6yleri yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, 4. 000\u2019e yak\u0131n\u0131 sefaletten ya da hastal\u0131ktan k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. A\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6len ve silahla \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclenler aras\u0131nda 26 tane papaz, Nasturi Patrikli\u011fi\u2019ne ba\u011fl\u0131 piskopos Abraham (son nefesini da\u011flarda vermi\u015ftir ve g\u00f6m\u00fclme \u015ferefine nail olmu\u015ftur), i\u00e7lerinden biri piskopos olan 71 Katolik ruhban vard\u0131r ve bunlar\u0131n hepsi, da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn halkla birlikte, k\u00f6t\u00fc ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131yla m\u00fccadele etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkler, Rus birlikleri Van\u2019a girdi\u011finde, Van\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcneydo\u011fusundaki Bitlis y\u00f6resine \u00e7ekilmi\u015fler ve Cevdet Bey\u2019in komutas\u0131nda, kasap olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan \u00f6zel birlik kurarak ac\u0131mas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n her t\u00fcrl\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc burada sergilemi\u015flerdir. T\u00fcm erkekleri \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fckten sonra, kad\u0131n ve k\u0131zlar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir alana toplay\u0131p, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara istedikleri kadar\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7ebileceklerini, birbirlerine hediye edebileceklerini ve hatta k\u00f6le olarak satabileceklerini s\u00f6ylemi\u015flerdir. Bir\u00e7ok g\u00fczel al\u0131ml\u0131 gen\u00e7 k\u0131zlar ve kad\u0131nlar 5 frank kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 vah\u015filere sat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bitlis y\u00f6resinde H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131; Yakubi Katolik (S\u00fcryani Katolik), Asur-Kildanileri ve Ermeni olmak \u00fczere 150. 000 civar\u0131ndayd\u0131. Birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz Ermeni, 2000 Kildani Katolik ve bize Rusya\u2019da refaket eden birka\u00e7 d\u00fczine Yakubi d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndakiler ya katledildiler ya da esir i\u015flevi g\u00f6rd\u00fcler. Kildani Katolik ruhbanlar s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ndan sadece 3 rahip kurtularak Rusya\u2019ya ula\u015fmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f. Frans\u0131z Akademi \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc sahibi, derin bilge Piskopos Adday \u0160er,[6]<\/a>\u00a0silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda s\u00f6z\u00fc ge\u00e7en bir K\u00fcrt\u2019\u00fcn evinden ka\u00e7arak da\u011flarda sefillik i\u00e7inde 1,5 y\u0131l ma\u011fara ma\u011fara saklanarak ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Mons\u00f6ny\u00f6r Tuma ise \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Anadolu\u2019nun t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgelerinde tekrarlanan bu ac\u0131mas\u0131z katliamlar, 150 bin civar\u0131nda Asur-Kildani Katolik ve Yakubi H\u0131ristiyan\u0131n (bu say\u0131ya Ermeniler dahil de\u011fildir) ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Xarput (Harput) ve Amed\/Omed (Diyarbak\u0131r) y\u00f6resindeki H\u0131ristiyan yerle\u015fim birimleri yak\u0131l\u0131p y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ka\u00e7an H\u0131ristiyan askerlerinin verdi\u011fi bilgiye g\u00f6re; Omid (Diyarbak\u0131r) Kildani Katolik ba\u015fpiskoposu Slayman Sabba\u011f[7]<\/a>\u00a0\u00fczerine petrol d\u00f6k\u00fclerek yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Gzira\/Gziro (Cizre) Kildani Katolik ba\u015fpiskoposu Yacqub Abraham[8]<\/a>\u00a0ve di\u011fer bir piskopos[9]<\/a>\u00a0katledilmi\u015ftir. Mardin Kildani Katolik piskoposu Israyel Udo[10]<\/a>\u00a0muhtemelen ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde katledilmi\u015ftir. Zira yak\u0131n b\u00f6lgelerdeki bir Kildani k\u00f6y\u00fcnden 32 ki\u015fiyle ka\u00e7an Eli adl\u0131 ruhban, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131da:\u00a0\u2018H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgelerde korkun\u00e7 katliamlar olmaktad\u0131r\u2018\u00a0<\/i>diye belirtmi\u015ftir. Sonu\u00e7 olarak bu b\u00f6lgelerdeki Asur-Kildaniler\u2019in bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f di\u011fer k\u0131sm\u0131 da esir i\u015flemi g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

12. 000 Yakubi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, say\u0131lar\u0131 150. 000\u2019i bulan Asur-Kildani toplulu\u011fu Ba\u011fdat ve Musul b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015famaktayd\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n Kildani Katolik Patri\u011fi ve d\u00f6rt piskoposu T\u00fcrkler\u2019in elinde bulunuyordu. Bunlar hala \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmediyse de; mallar\u0131n\u0131n talan edildi\u011fi, erkeklerin orduyla i\u015fbirli\u011fine zorland\u0131\u011f\u0131, kad\u0131nlar ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n sefalet i\u00e7inde \u00f6l\u00fcme terkedildi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenmektedir. \u0130\u015fte barbar topluluklar taraf\u0131ndan ac\u0131 \u00e7ektirilen zavall\u0131 Asur-Kildani ulusunun \u00f6zeti.\u201c<\/p>\n

Devam eden zulm\u00fcn 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonras\u0131, insafs\u0131z T\u00fcrkler\u2019in elindeki k\u00f6t\u00fc durumu! Soylu ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ulusun say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fte nedeni; hala bir\u00e7ok Asur ad\u0131n\u0131n korundu\u011fu b\u00f6lge olan Ba\u011fdat ve Musul b\u00f6lgelerinde, durmadan yap\u0131lan bask\u0131 ve zul\u00fcm sonucu binlerce \u00e7ocu\u011fun M\u00fcsl\u00fcman yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni budur.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkler\u2019in katliamlar\u0131ndan ka\u00e7arak, Asur-Kildani piskoposu olarak, ac\u0131mas\u0131zca katledilen ve zulme maruz kalan bir ulusa, c\u00f6mert ve insani t\u00fcm kalplerin hissiyle yard\u0131m \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulunmak i\u00e7in Avrupa\u2019ya geldim. T\u00fcrkler\u2019in k\u00f6t\u00fc idaresinden bizi kurtarmak, ac\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131za son vermek, k\u00f6t\u00fc baht\u0131m\u0131za dur demek i\u00e7in insanlara sesleniyorum. Atalar\u0131n\u0131n yurtlar\u0131ndan s\u00fcr\u00fclen Asur-Kildaniler\u2019in \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve uygarl\u0131k i\u00e7in tekrar hizmet etmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da bulunuyorum.[11]<\/a><\/p>\n

4<\/b><\/p>\n

Urmiye (\u0130ran) B\u00f6lgesindeki Katliamlar<\/b><\/p>\n

Van piskoposu taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan \u201c\u0130ran Olaylar\u0131 \u00dczerine\u201c yaz\u0131, t\u00fcyler \u00fcrpertici felaketlere maruz kalan, kanl\u0131 insan k\u0131y\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n kurbanlar\u0131na, inananlar\u0131n deste\u011fini istemek i\u00e7in Salamas piskoposu Piyer Aziz,12<\/a>\u00a0Urmiye piskoposu Tuma Udo,13<\/a>\u00a0havarilik heyetinden L. L. Grandeurs Mons\u00f6ny\u00f6r Jacques Emile Sontag14<\/a>\u00a0taraf\u0131ndan Fransa\u2019ya g\u00f6nderilen Lazarist misyoner say\u0131n Habel Zayya\u2019ya g\u00fcvenmemizi bizden isteyen raporun tekbir sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 bile de\u011fi\u015ftirmeden ele almak gerekmektedir. Aziz Vincent de Paul rahiplerince kaleme al\u0131nan Urmiye kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131 belirgin anlat\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 asl\u0131na uygun olarak ele alaca\u011f\u0131m.<\/p>\n

1 Ocak – 30 May\u0131s 1915<\/b>\u00a0aras\u0131 Ruslar\u2019\u0131n \u00e7ekilmesiyle, T\u00fcrkler\u2019in \u00f6calma hareketine maruz kalan mutsuz halk\u0131n \u00e7ekti\u011fi i\u015fkenceleri ve s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 yans\u0131tan ve k\u0131sa bir zaman \u00f6nce yay\u0131mlanan M. Puyaubereau\u2019nun \u2018Tarikat G\u00f6revlilerinin Y\u0131ll\u0131klar\u0131\u2018 ile de ba\u011flant\u0131 kuraca\u011f\u0131z. Aziz Lazar Misyonerleri\u2019nin eklenmesi istenen el yazmas\u0131 notlar\u0131yla da tamamlanan nadir karekteristik pasajlardan al\u0131nt\u0131 yapaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n

2 Ocak<\/b>\u00a0– \u0130lk saatlerden itibaren Ruslar\u2019\u0131n yeni bir harekat\u0131 kentte kendini g\u00f6sterir… Semtimizde oturan H\u0131ristiyanlar \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131k i\u00e7inde rahiplerin gidip gitmediklerini \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in kiliseye geldiler! Mons\u00f6ny\u00f6r Jacques Emile Sontag karar\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in geldi\u011finde, ne pahas\u0131na olursa olsun rahipler yerlerinde kalmakta kararl\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015fler ve sorun \u015f\u00f6yle halledilmi\u015fti; misyonerler ve rahipler m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca yerlerinde kalacak ve H\u0131ristiyanlar\u2019\u0131n ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 ne pahas\u0131na olursa olsun koruyacaklar ve bu u\u011furda \u00f6leceklerdi… G\u00fcmr\u00fck m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc rahiplerin gidip gitmeyeceklerini \u00f6\u011frenir; olumsuz yan\u0131tlar\u0131 \u00fczerine, bu iyi insan onlara derinden y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir \u015fekilde \u201cama siz \u00f6l\u00fcme gidiyorsunuz\u201c der. \u201cFrans\u0131z misyonu, yan\u0131ltmak ama\u00e7l\u0131 olmay\u0131p durumu de\u011fi\u015ftirerek aktarmakt\u0131r\u201c der Pascal. Neleri kazand\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 anlatan bu y\u00fcrekli misyonerlerin \u015fahitli\u011finde baz\u0131 de\u011ferler sakl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle \u00f6lmeye haz\u0131r bu de\u011ferli insanlara inanmak gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

3 Ocak<\/b>\u00a0– Olanlar oldu! Rus birlikleri kenti terkettiler… \u0130\u015fte Urmiye K\u00fcrtlere kald\u0131… \u0130ranl\u0131 bir\u00e7ok M\u00fcsl\u00fcman aile K\u00fcrtler\u2019in gelmesinden korktu\u011fundan Rus birliklerini yaya olarak takip ettiler ve K\u00fcrtler\u2019in zulm\u00fcne maruz kalmaktansa yolda so\u011fuk ve a\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6lmeyi tercih ettiler.<\/p>\n

4 Ocak<\/b>\u00a0– G\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u00fcm \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131 s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fczerindeydi. Ka\u00e7an bir Kildani rahibin \u00fczerindeki giysiler y\u0131rt\u0131k p\u0131rt\u0131k, bir\u00e7ok kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocu\u011fun ayaklar\u0131 so\u011fuktan buz kesmi\u015f durumda idi. Bir\u00e7o\u011fu bize \u00fclkede ya\u015f\u0131yan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u2019\u0131n yollar\u0131 kesti\u011fini, ka\u00e7anlar\u0131n ayakkab\u0131lar\u0131na kadar \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, kar\u015f\u0131 koyanlar\u0131n ise \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcklerini s\u00f6ylediler.<\/p>\n

6 Ocak<\/b>\u00a0– K\u00f6ylerdeki ac\u0131mas\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n duyulmas\u0131 insan\u0131n t\u00fcylerini \u00fcrpertiyordu. \u0130ranl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u2019\u0131n deste\u011findeki K\u00fcrtler hi\u00e7 kimseye ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc davranm\u0131yor; gen\u00e7leri \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyor, k\u0131zlar\u0131 ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131yor, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ise kesiyorlard\u0131! K\u00fcrtler Urmiye\u2019de yapacaklar\u0131 i\u011fren\u00e7 olaylar\u0131n i\u015faretini birg\u00fcn \u00f6nce vermi\u015flerdi. Bununla birlikte olay\u0131 farkeden rahiplerin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kilisesine s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan aileler korkuyla ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Gecenin karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 insan\u0131 korkutuyordu; n\u00f6bet\u00e7ilerimiz bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan rahipler n\u00f6bet tutuyordu. Saat ak\u015fam\u0131n 9\u2019uydu giri\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131na vuruldu. Bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman bulundu\u011fumuz yere girmek istiyordu; tehditler savuruyor, k\u00fcf\u00fcrler ya\u011fd\u0131r\u0131yordu. Saat 11\u2019de bah\u00e7enin uzak k\u00f6\u015fesinden \u00fcmitsiz bir hayk\u0131r\u0131\u015f duyuldu; bu, K\u00fcrtler\u2019in elinden evini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bize s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan papaz yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131, Kildani rahip Jozef Adday\u2019\u0131n ailesinin sesiydi. Ba\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015flar bize s\u0131\u011f\u0131nanlar\u0131 uyand\u0131rd\u0131 ve panik i\u00e7inde daha \u00f6nce yetimlerin doldurdu\u011fu kiliseye do\u011fru ko\u015fu\u015ftular. Birkez daha K\u00fcrtler kap\u0131m\u0131za dayanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve korku i\u00e7indeydik.<\/p>\n

Misyonerlerimizden M. D\u0131nha ne olup bitti\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in rahibin evine kadar gitme cesaretini g\u00f6sterdi. Oraya vard\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tutuklanarak bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u2019\u0131n evine g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve orda k\u00f6t\u00fc i\u015fleme maruz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in 500 frank kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 100 toman \u00f6dendikten sonra serbest kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131; sakal\u0131 kesilmi\u015f, dipcik ile omuzuna vurulmu\u015f ve zavall\u0131 kurban cellatlar\u0131na \u201chemen beni \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcn\u201c diye hayk\u0131rm\u0131\u015f onlar ise \u201csana \u00e7ok i\u015fkence yapmak istiyoruz\u201c diye yan\u0131t vermi\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n

Alman askerleri k\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na girerek, cellatlar\u0131n anti-katolik h\u0131nc\u0131 kurbanlar\u0131na, di\u011fer Bel\u00e7ika ruhbanlar s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 \u00fcyelerine veya Dergen ruhbanlar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 \u00fcyelerine, T\u00fcrklere lay\u0131k m\u00fcttefiklerce i\u015fkence yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na Bel\u00e7ika\u2019dakiler inanmayacak m\u0131?<\/p>\n

8 Ocak<\/b>\u00a0– Misyonerlerin kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer h\u0131nca h\u0131n\u00e7 doluydu. S\u0131n\u0131flar, yemekhaneler, \u00f6zel odalar ve koridorlar tamamen doluydu. 2000\u2019den fazla s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131 vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kildaniler i\u00e7in \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc bir Noel (\u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n Do\u011fu\u015f Bayram\u0131) kutlamas\u0131 olan ve eski takvimde 25 Aral\u0131k 1914\u2019e tekab\u00fcl eden g\u00fcn\u00fcn arifesinde, \u00f6\u011fleden sonra, gece i\u00e7in n\u00f6bet\u00e7i s\u00f6z\u00fc vermek ve Mons\u00f6ny\u00f6r Jacques Emile Sontag\u2019a kayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 gidermek i\u00e7in bir T\u00fcrk subay\u0131 geldi. 8 Ocak tarihli g\u00fcnl\u00fckte \u201cBu s\u00f6zler T\u00fcrk askerlerinin de pay\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 gece ya\u011fmalar\u0131na engel olamad\u0131\u201c diye yazar.<\/p>\n

9 Ocak\u00a0<\/b>– K\u00fcrtler\u2019in elinden kurtulanlar\u0131 korkun\u00e7 bir son beklemekteydi. Bir adam ve o\u011flu \u00fc\u00e7g\u00fcn boyunca Urmiye G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019nde kal\u0131r, sonunda so\u011fuktan \u00e7ektikleri ac\u0131ya uzun s\u00fcre dayanamazlar ve \u00f6l\u00fcrler. Katolik rahiplerimizden bir\u00e7o\u011fu ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirir; bir\u00e7ok aile kaybolur, bir\u00e7ok Kildani dinlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in bask\u0131lara maruz kal\u0131r, ne yaz\u0131k ki korku bir \u00e7o\u011funu etkiler ve dinlerini de\u011fi\u015fitirirler.<\/p>\n

10 Ocak<\/b>\u00a0– Bir rahip ailesinden orda kalanlar betimlenmesi olanaks\u0131z bir durumda bize s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131; rahip, ailesinden alt\u0131 ki\u015fiyle birlikte katledilmi\u015fti. Amerikan Protestan Misyonunda s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131larla dolmu\u015ftu. Onlar bizden say\u0131ca fazla ve \u00f6l\u00fc say\u0131s\u0131 korkun\u00e7tu. Aziz Mari\u2019de K\u00fcrtler bir evi yakm\u0131\u015f ve \u00e7o\u011funu da talan etmi\u015flerdi. Xosrowa (Hosrova, Urmiye\u2019nin kuzeyindeki Dilman Salamas\u2019a 85 km yak\u0131n\u0131nda)\u2019dan ve Tebriz\u2019den hi\u00e7bir haber al\u0131nm\u0131yordu! O taraftaki giz bizi kayg\u0131land\u0131r\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

11 Ocak<\/b>\u00a0– Aziz Mari\u2019de oturan hizmet\u00e7imiz bir\u00e7ok anne-babayla birlikte katledilmi\u015fti. Cesetleri yol kenar\u0131nda ve tarlalarda bulundu. Kurtlar\u0131n cesetleri yemek i\u00e7in da\u011flardan inmesinden korkulmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Ve bana iletilen g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011fe eklenmi\u015f elle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir not, misyonun daha \u00f6nceki anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ac\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 teyid eder nitelikteydi.<\/p>\n

Bir\u00e7ok insan\u0131n a\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 1879-1880 y\u0131llar\u0131nda g\u00f6m\u00fclmeyen cesetler, kokusunu alan kurtlarca par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f; kurtlar daha sonra canl\u0131lara sald\u0131r\u0131r olmu\u015f ve yaz\u0131n insanlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 yerlere kadar girerek k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 bile ka\u00e7\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Cesetlerin g\u00f6m\u00fclmeden a\u00e7\u0131kta kalmas\u0131, bu olaylar\u0131n yeniden ya\u015fanabilece\u011fi endi\u015fesini do\u011furmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

13 Ocak<\/b>\u00a0– Bir Kildani rahip \u015fehit olur. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmas\u0131 istenir, fakat kendisi ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 feda etme tercihini yapar. Misyon Y\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nda yay\u0131mlanan g\u00fcnl\u00fck el yazmas\u0131 notlar daha a\u00e7\u0131k olup, bu kahramanca \u00f6l\u00fcm olay\u0131na anonim olarak de\u011finmektedir. Bu \u015fehitlik olay\u0131 kentin kuzeydo\u011fusunda 20 km uzakl\u0131ktaki Urmiye G\u00f6l\u00fc k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda kurulu Atlakandi k\u00f6y\u00fc papaz\u0131 Mu\u0161el (Mu\u015fel)\u2019e aittir. Bu papaz Xosrowa\u2019daki Lazarist Semineri Okulu\u2019nun eski bir \u00f6\u011frencisiydi15<\/a><\/p>\n

14 Ocak<\/b>\u00a0– Mons\u00f6ny\u00f6r D\u0131nha bu sabah iki asker ve bir u\u015fakla birlikte gitti. Misyoner saklanan H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in kom\u015fu k\u00f6ylere gitmek istemi\u015f ve ertesi g\u00fcn sa\u011f salim d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

17 Ocak<\/b>\u00a0– Bize k\u00f6ylerin durumunun i\u00e7ler ac\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funu, bir\u00e7ok yerle\u015fim biriminin ise yak\u0131l\u0131p, y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Bundan daha k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fcyse, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u2019\u0131n elinde bulunan kad\u0131n ve gen\u00e7 k\u0131zlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131. Kurtulmalar\u0131 hemen hemen olanaks\u0131zd\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca \u015fu ana kadar 6 tane Kildani Katolik ruhban\u0131n katledildi\u011fi taraf\u0131m\u0131zca bilinmekteydi.<\/p>\n

19 Ocak<\/b>\u00a0– Talan devam ediyor… kar\u015f\u0131 koyan gen\u00e7ler \u00f6l\u00fcmle tehdit ediliyordu. \u0130ranl\u0131 yetkililerden g\u00fcvenli\u011fimizin sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 beklemek bo\u015f hayald\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc verilen s\u00f6zler yerine getirilmiyordu; g\u00fcnd\u00fcz bile soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n yol ortas\u0131nda elbiseleri \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

22 Ocak<\/b>\u00a0– Kayg\u0131 verici \u015feyler yeniden olu\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131; M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar \u00f6l\u00fcm tehditleri savuruyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

26 Ocak<\/b>\u00a0– Son g\u00fcnlerde ortada dola\u015fan s\u00f6ylenti ise bir grup M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ba\u011fnaz\u0131n, \u0130ran y\u00f6netiminden ka\u00e7an H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in izin istedikleri idi.<\/p>\n

1 \u015eubat<\/b>\u00a0– B\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00f6ylerden sadece 3 tanesine bug\u00fcne kadar dokunulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar H\u0131ristiyanlara kar\u015f\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bunlar ac\u0131mas\u0131z b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kitleydi. On g\u00fcn s\u00fckunet i\u00e7inde ge\u00e7ti, fakat daha sonra kom\u015fu ziyaretleri bahane edilerek tutuklamalar ve infazlar ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

12 \u015eubat<\/b>\u00a0– T\u00fcrk yetkililerine misyonerlerin sava\u015f aleti ve silah saklad\u0131klar\u0131na dair as\u0131ls\u0131z haber iletildi. Bu yalan haber \u00fczerine ertesi sabah, saat 10\u2019na do\u011fru T\u00fcrk Konsolosluk sekreteri, bir subay ve 20 asker arama i\u00e7in Misyona geldiler. Sonu\u00e7ta bir\u015fey \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131; ama askerler bu durumdan, Lazarist bir rahibe tutuklayarak yararlanmak istiyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Askerler ziyaret\u00e7i odas\u0131nda bulunan 150 ki\u015fiyi itip, kakmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar; daha sonra 20\u2019lik gruplar halinde orda bulunanlar\u0131 hapishaneye g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Bundan sonra misyonumuz g\u00f6zalt\u0131nda tutulmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. G\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclenler aras\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcyemeyen ya\u015fl\u0131 olanlara, askerlerce dip\u00e7ik darbeleri ile y\u00fcr\u00fcmeleri sa\u011flan\u0131yordu. Bu kitlesel tutuklama olay\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda yatan \u201cH\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 Ruslarla birlikte sava\u015fmak istemeleri ve bunun sonucu silah saklamalar\u0131\u201c bahanesiydi. Daha sonra 90\u2019\u0131 serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Di\u011ferleri Rus Misyonu\u2019nda (\u015fimdi Osmanl\u0131 Konsoloslu\u011fu oldu) g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131lar. Misyonerlerin hapisten \u00e7\u0131karma yetkileri ve g\u00fc\u00e7leri yoktu. Kildani piskopos Tuma Udo – Urmiye Kildani ba\u015fpiskoposu – ve bir protestan misyoner bunu denedi ama ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamad\u0131lar. \u0130yi niyetli T\u00fcrkler\u2019in verdikleri s\u00f6zlerle yap\u0131lan farkl\u0131 uygulamalar ger\u00e7e\u011fin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131nda ge\u00e7 kalmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

21 \u015eubat<\/b>\u00a0– Hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphe yok ki, bu, T\u00fcrkler\u2019de ba\u015fg\u00f6steren Fransa\u2019ya duyulan kindi. Bug\u00fcn Misyon T\u00fcrk askerlerinin e\u015fli\u011finde bir grup K\u00fcrt taraf\u0131ndan yeniden istila edildi. H\u0131ristiyanlar\u2019\u0131n mallar\u0131n\u0131 saklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 depoya girdiler. \u00d6nce ya\u011fmalama tamamland\u0131, daha sonra da \u00f6ld\u00fcrme devam etti ve ba\u015fvuru \u00e7abalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen ailelerin hapislik konusundaki korkular\u0131ndaki hakl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 hemen ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

23 \u015eubat<\/b>\u00a0– Yetkililerin d\u00fcn i\u00e7in b\u0131rak\u0131laca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z g\u00fcvencesi vermelerine ra\u011fmen gece 4 ki\u015fi as\u0131ld\u0131, birka\u00e7 ki\u015fi de kur\u015funa dizildi. Saat 7 ve 9 aras\u0131 infaz yerine, seyir i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u2019\u0131n geldi\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fck; zavall\u0131 kurbanlardan 8\u2019i hala hayattayd\u0131 ama \u0130ranl\u0131lar ta\u015f ve han\u00e7er darbeleri ile onlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 d\u00f6rder d\u00f6rder ba\u011flanarak Yahudi Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda infaz edildiler.<\/p>\n

Elyazmas\u0131 notlarda ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en \u015fehitlerin adlar\u0131n\u0131 \u201c\u00f6l\u00fcm saatinde kurbanlara kar\u015f\u0131 son g\u00fcnah \u00e7\u0131karma i\u015fini yapan\u201c Katolik Kildani papaz\u0131 ve Nasturi ba\u015fpiskopos kur\u015funa dizilmi\u015ftir. Bu Urmiye kentinin do\u011fusunda 12 km uzakl\u0131kta kurulu Awhar k\u00f6y\u00fc papaz\u0131 Hormuz (H\u00fcrm\u00fcz)\u2019dur.16<\/a><\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn iki T\u00fcrk subay\u0131n\u0131n17<\/a>\u00a0(15 Ocak\u2019ta K\u00fcrtlere m\u00fcdahale eden Re\u015fit ve Naci Bey olabilir) engellemelerine ra\u011fmen ya\u011fmalar \u00f6zellikle, 14 hamal\u0131n omuzlar\u0131na y\u00fckledikleri \u201ca\u011f\u0131r ve de\u011ferli \u0130ran hal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n\u201c ya\u011fmalanmas\u0131yla devam etmi\u015ftir. Her t\u00fcr cinayet, h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k ve korku, bu denli s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn bilan\u00e7osunu olu\u015fturuyordu.<\/p>\n

26 \u015eubat<\/b>\u00a0– \u00d6l\u00fclerin g\u00f6m\u00fclme izni Amerikan Misyonu \u015fefine verildi. 42 ceset yerde yat\u0131yordu, insanlar i\u00e7in de\u011fer arzeden \u015feylerin hi\u00e7e say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir and\u0131; baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zleri oyulmu\u015f, baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n dudaklar\u0131, kulaklar\u0131 ve burunlar\u0131 kesilmi\u015fti! \u0130nsanlar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp bir taraflar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131rmak i\u00e7in etrafa a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hendekler vard\u0131.18<\/a>\u00a0As\u0131lan d\u00f6rt ki\u015fiden birisi, Mixayel (Mihayel) ad\u0131yla vaftiz olup H\u0131ristiyan olan ve \u015fimdide inanc\u0131n\u0131 inkar etmekle kurtulaca\u011f\u0131 yerde \u015fehit olmay\u0131 tercih eden bir K\u00fcrt\u2019t\u00fc.19<\/a><\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn, bug\u00fcne kadar dokunulmam\u0131\u015f 3 k\u00f6yden biri olan Gulpa\u0161an\u2019dan katliamlar yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 haberi geldi. Bu daha \u00f6nce Ermenistan\u2019daki20<\/a>\u00a0olaylarda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan \u201cAlman Metoduyla\u201c ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren bir infazd\u0131. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan ve uslu \u00f6\u011frenciler gibi verilen her \u00f6devi yap\u0131yorlard\u0131. Kurnazl\u0131k ve hile yoluyla, t\u00fcm insanlar\u0131 k\u00f6y meydan\u0131na toplayarak bunlardan 120 ki\u015fiyi \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131, gen\u00e7 k\u0131zlar\u0131 ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir odaya kapatt\u0131lar; kalemlerin yazam\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131 i\u011fren\u00e7liklerini orada kustular. Bug\u00fcn iki aydan beri ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z g\u00fcnlerden en korkun\u00e7 g\u00fcnd\u00fc. \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc T\u00fcrkler\u2019in \u00fczerimize sald\u0131\u011f\u0131 korkunun yan\u0131nda hi\u00e7 say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Ruslar\u2019\u0131n yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 haberinin etrafa sa\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 umut ve beklenmedik olay\u0131 betimlemek olanaks\u0131zd\u0131; bu b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcnl\u00fcklerde b\u00f6yle belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

10 Mart<\/b>\u00a0– Kendisi \u0130stanbul\u2019da Aziz Benoit\u2019da \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, korkun\u00e7 olaylar \u00f6ncesi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Urmiye Konsolosu olan Raci Bey, olaylar\u0131 yerinde incelemek ve 27 \u015eubatta Fransa\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 minnetini belirtmek, kendinden sonraki g\u00f6revlilerin can s\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 hareketlerinden dolay\u0131 eseflerini belirtmek i\u00e7in gelir. Ge\u00e7ici konsolos Nuri Bey, Raci Bey\u2019i Frans\u0131z Misyonu\u2019nda bulunan Mellat-Ba\u015fi Hapishanesi\u2019ne att\u0131r\u0131r. Raci Bey bir\u00e7ok giri\u015fim sonras\u0131 2000 toman (1000 frank) kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 r\u00fc\u015fvetle g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckle kurtulur.21<\/a><\/p>\n

15 Mart<\/b>\u00a0– Frans\u0131z Misyonu\u2019na kar\u015f\u0131 T\u00fcrkler\u2019in bu \u00f6fkesi herg\u00fcn biraz daha dayan\u0131lmaz oluyordu… Nuri Bey\u2019in davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131na iki etken hakimdi; birincisi Fransa\u2019ya, di\u011feri ise H\u0131ristiyanlar\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 duyulan nefretti.<\/p>\n

19 Mart<\/b>\u00a0– Herkes korku i\u00e7inde, Van\u2019daki yenilginin \u00fczerine T\u00fcrkler 15 askeri kur\u015funa dizdi. Kur\u015funa dizilenler H\u0131ristiyand\u0131 ve \u00f6c maksatl\u0131 bir olayd\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Ruslar Ermeniler\u2019den yard\u0131m g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u201cKurtulu\u015fu uzun s\u00fcre beklemek cesareti yok eder\u201c 8 Nisan tarihli not: \u201cNe zaman selamete erece\u011fiz? \u00dc\u00e7 aydan beri ya\u015fant\u0131m\u0131z o kadar \u00e7ekilmez oldu ki cesaretimizi de yok etti.\u201c<\/p>\n

Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Tebriz\u2019deki konsoloslu\u011funun 25 Nisan tarihli mektubu o tarihte bir anlam ifade etmiyordu. Mektupta \u201c\u0130ran\u2019daki yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n endi\u015fe etmemeleri i\u00e7in Fransa, \u0130ngiltere ve Amerika konsoloslar\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetler nezdinde harekete ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir\u201c denilmekteydi. Ruslar ve Osmanl\u0131lar aras\u0131ndaki sava\u015ftan kaynaklanan belirsizlik insanlar\u0131 huzursuz ediyordu.<\/p>\n

5 May\u0131s<\/b>\u00a0– Sava\u015f\u0131n akibeti ile ilgili hi\u00e7bir haber al\u0131nam\u0131yordu: Ortada gezinen s\u00f6ylentiler yeniden H\u0131ristiyanlar aras\u0131nda korku salmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. T\u00fcrkler Kildaniler\u2019in kendi taraflar\u0131nda sava\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 istiyorlard\u0131! Asla H\u0131ristiyanlar M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ile birlikte sava\u015fmayacaklard\u0131r ve bu ret edi\u015f, H\u0131ristiyanlar\u2019\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na neler neler getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Gerginlik 24 May\u0131s\u2019a kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc, bu tarihte insanlar umutluydu: \u201cG\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Bakire Meryem Ana bize mutlu g\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6sterecek\u201c diye g\u00fcnl\u00fckte yaz\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131. Beklenen \u015fey olmu\u015ftu! Sabahleyin Kazak Ruslar\u0131\u2019na ait bir m\u00fcfreze Urmiye\u2019ye girdi. \u0130\u015fte bu kurtulu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

5<\/b><\/p>\n

1914-1915 \u0130ran Olaylar\u0131 \u0130le \u0130lgili<\/b><\/p>\n

Lazarist Misyoner M. Habel\/Hob\u00ebl Zayya\u2019n\u0131n Raporu<\/b><\/p>\n

\u201cAvrupa\u2019da B\u00fcy\u00fck Sava\u015f \u00f6ncesi kom\u015fular\u0131m\u0131z M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u2019la \u00e7ok iyi kom\u015fuluk ve dostluk ili\u015fkileri i\u00e7indeydik; ama ne zamanki T\u00fcrkler ve Ruslar aras\u0131nda sava\u015f \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve m\u00fccahitler (M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u2019\u0131n dini \u015fefleri) cihad (kutsal sava\u015f)22<\/a>\u00a0ilan etti; \u0130ranl\u0131lar ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc…. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve H\u0131ristiyanlar olmak \u00fczere. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar bir neden olmaks\u0131z\u0131n Alman taraf\u0131n\u0131 tuttular, ama nedeni Almanlar\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrkler\u2019e ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u2019a yard\u0131m etmesi olabilir. \u0130ranl\u0131lar \u015eii, T\u00fcrkler ise S\u00fcnni idi; normal zamanlarda birbirlerinden \u00f6lesiye nefret ediyorlard\u0131, ama H\u0131ristiyanlar\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 birle\u015ftiler. Kildani ve Ermeniler\u2019den olu\u015fan H\u0131ristiyan az\u0131nl\u0131k ise m\u00fcttefiklerin yan\u0131nda yer ald\u0131 ve K\u00fcrt sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131ndan kendilerini korumak i\u00e7in Kildaniler\u2019in olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bir\u00e7ok Kildani g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc asker Rus ordusuna kat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcler \u00e7ok iyi silah kullanmalar\u0131, \u00fclkelerini kar\u0131\u015f kar\u0131\u015f tan\u0131malar\u0131 ve daha bir\u00e7ok buna benzer ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 sayesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck hizmetler vermi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

Birden her M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, H\u0131ristiyan kom\u015fusuna kar\u015f\u0131 az\u0131l\u0131 bir d\u00fc\u015fman kesiliverdi; hatta kendilerini e\u011fitti\u011fimiz M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00e7ocuklar bile tehlikeli bir d\u00fc\u015fman oluverdiler. 1914\u2019\u00fcn Eyl\u00fcl\u00fcnde Urmiye ve \u00e7evresinde ya\u011fma ve cinayetler kendini g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flad\u0131. 1 Ekimde T\u00fcrk ve K\u00fcrtler\u2019den olu\u015fan ordu, T\u00fcrk-\u0130ran s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n23<\/a>\u00a0bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki da\u011flardan indiler ve Urmiye kentinin 30 km do\u011fusundaki Tergawar\u2019da bulunan Ruslar ile T\u00fcrk ve K\u00fcrtler\u2019den olu\u015fan birlikler aras\u0131nda \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar ba\u015flad\u0131. T\u00fcrk ve K\u00fcrtler\u2019in sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fczerine Ruslar Mawana, Qowrana (Kovrana), Balulan, \u0160ibane (\u015eibane) gibi, Tergawar civar\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm H\u0131ristiyan k\u00f6ylerini b\u0131rakarak \u00e7ekilmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar ve bunun \u00fczerine t\u00fcm H\u0131ristiyan halk Frans\u0131z ve Amerikan Misyonu\u2019nun bulundu\u011fu kentlere ak\u0131n ettiler.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk ve K\u00fcrt birlikleri k\u00f6yleri yakt\u0131ktan sonra Urmiye\u2019ye indiler ve Awhar ve Alwat\u0161e (Elvet\u015fe) gibi ge\u00e7tikleri yol \u00fczerinde bulunan b\u00fct\u00fcn H\u0131ristiyan k\u00f6ylerini yakt\u0131lar ve kar\u015f\u0131 gelenleri \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Awhar\u2019da bir kad\u0131n \u00f6nce tecav\u00fcze u\u011fray\u0131p sonra \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Alwat\u0161e (Elvet\u015fe)\u2019de bir kalasa ba\u011flanan ya\u015fl\u0131 biri canl\u0131 canl\u0131 yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu tarihten itibaren T\u00fcrk ve K\u00fcrtleri Urmiye\u2019nin kuzeybat\u0131s\u0131ndaki Yahudi Da\u011f\u0131\u2019nda g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk ve K\u00fcrtler\u2019in olu\u015fturdu\u011fu ordu ve Kazak birlikleri aras\u0131nda sava\u015flar ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu durum geceleri daha da kritik bir hale soktu, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc K\u00fcrtler \u00c7arba\u015f\u2019a kadar inmi\u015fti ve Kazaklara sa\u011flanacak yard\u0131m Salamas\u2019tan ge\u00e7ece\u011fi i\u00e7in bunu olanaks\u0131z k\u0131l\u0131yordu. H\u0131ristiyanlar aras\u0131nda panik, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u2019da ise sevin\u00e7 hakimdi. Kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklardan olu\u015fan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir topluluk yanlar\u0131na ald\u0131klar\u0131 yemek ve giyecek torbalar\u0131 ile da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k ve anlat\u0131lmaz bir \u015fekilde kentlere ula\u015fmak \u00e7abas\u0131ndayd\u0131lar. Kom\u015fumuz M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar bu olay\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir mutlulukla seyrediyor, katliamlara ba\u015flamak i\u00e7in Ruslar\u2019\u0131n \u00e7ekilmesini bekliyorlard\u0131. Tam bu s\u0131rada 12 Ekim gecesi Ruslar\u2019\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131 geldi; T\u00fcrk ve K\u00fcrt askerleri ka\u00e7t\u0131 ve biz de evlerimize d\u00f6nd\u00fck.<\/p>\n

4 Kas\u0131mda Rusya ve T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131nda sava\u015f ilan edildi\u011fini \u00f6\u011frendik. Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n sonuna do\u011fru, Julfa (Culfa) ve Erivan\u2019dan ge\u00e7en tren yolunu ele ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir T\u00fcrk ordusu Kars b\u00f6lgesine sevkedilmi\u015f; bunun di\u011fer amac\u0131 ise Urmiye, Xoy ve Tebriz\u2019deki Rus ordusunu izole etmekti. Ruslar\u2019\u0131n Tiflis telgraf\u0131yla ordunun Julfa\u2019ya \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni budur. 1 Ocak 1915\u2019de bu hareketin haberi H\u0131ristiyanlar aras\u0131nda yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Ve ger\u00e7ekten Rus harekat\u0131 i\u00e7in Cumartesi gecesinden 3 Ocak Pazar g\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7in karar al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sabaha kar\u015f\u0131 4\u2019e do\u011fru hareket ba\u015flad\u0131. K\u00f6ylerde ya\u015fayan H\u0131ristiyanlar\u2019\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kesiminin bu \u00e7ekili\u015ften haberi yoktu ve tamamen K\u00fcrtler\u2019in insaf\u0131na kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Di\u011fer kesim, yani haberi alan kesim Rus ordusunu takip ediyordu. 10 bini bulan Rus ordusunun ge\u00e7ti\u011fi yerlerdeki, k\u00f6ylerdeki H\u0131ristiyanlar Rusya\u2019ya ka\u00e7t\u0131lar. Kaybedecek hi\u00e7bir \u015feyleri olmayan bu insanlar ger\u00e7ekten korkun\u00e7 bir sefalet i\u00e7indeydi. Baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131rt\u0131nda ekmek torbas\u0131, baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yorgan, kad\u0131nlar ise bir de \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mak zorundayd\u0131lar. Bu ac\u0131y\u0131 onlarla ya\u015fad\u0131m; hala \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n a\u011flamalar\u0131 ve iniltileri kulaklar\u0131mdan gitmedi. Kalpleri yaral\u0131yd\u0131, ben onlar i\u00e7in ne yapabilirdim? Ya\u015fl\u0131 ve zavall\u0131 bir kad\u0131n kendisini kurtarmam i\u00e7in bana yalvar\u0131yordu; bir hende\u011fe d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f gecenin karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7aresizlik i\u00e7inde \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131n\u0131yordu. Onu at\u0131ma ald\u0131m ve son nefesini verdi\u011fi kom\u015fu k\u00f6ye kadar g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcm. Urmiye, G\u00fcney \u0130talya ile ayn\u0131 enlemde oldu\u011fundan ayn\u0131 iklime sahip olmas\u0131 gerekiyordu, ama 1400 metrelik y\u00fckseklik so\u011fu\u011fun etkin olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yordu. Is\u0131 – 23 dereceydi; ge\u00e7en k\u0131\u015fa ra\u011fmen daha so\u011fuktu.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk iki g\u00fcnde 20\u2019den fazla insan \u00f6ld\u00fc. Urmiye ve Salamas aras\u0131nda so\u011fuktan \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f bir \u00e7ocuk g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Do\u011fum zaman\u0131 gelmi\u015f kad\u0131nlar vard\u0131. Gezimizin Salamas\u2019ta bitece\u011fine inanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k, ama Salamas\u2019taki H\u0131ristiyanlar\u2019\u0131n iki yolun kesi\u015fti\u011fi yerde bulunan Xoy\u2019ya ka\u00e7t\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frendik. Biz say\u0131ca 10 bin, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ise 15 bin ki\u015fiydiler. H\u0131ristiyanlar Ruslar\u2019\u0131n tam vaktinde uyar\u0131lar\u0131yla gerekli tedbirleri alarak mallar\u0131n\u0131 ve canlar\u0131n\u0131 kurtarabilmi\u015flerdi. Salamas ve Xoy aras\u0131ndaki bir yer normal zamanlarda \u00e7ok \u00e7amurlu olur, k\u0131\u015f\u0131n ise ge\u00e7ilmez bir hal al\u0131rd\u0131. Burada, arabalar\u0131 \u00e7amura saplanm\u0131\u015f bir\u00e7ok ya\u015fl\u0131 ve \u00e7ocuk hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015fti. Ruslar\u2019\u0131n buralara ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in H\u0131ristiyanlar\u2019a b\u00fcy\u00fck yard\u0131mlar\u0131 dokundu\u011funu belirtmek gerekir. Rus askerler zavall\u0131 annelerin y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc hafifletmek i\u00e7in \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 bir arabaya bindirdiler ama ne yaz\u0131k ki mola yerine geldi\u011finde, anneler \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ya da anneleri \u00e7ok uzaklarda olan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n h\u0131\u00e7k\u0131r\u0131klar\u0131 ve a\u011flamalar\u0131 her yerden duyuluyrdu. \u00c7ocuklar arabaya t\u0131ka basa doldurulduklar\u0131ndan bir \u00e7o\u011fu havas\u0131zl\u0131ktan can vermi\u015fti. Annelerin yol kenar\u0131nda bekleyip \u00e7ocuk y\u00fckl\u00fc arabaya bakt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, e\u011fer \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcrlerse yollar\u0131na devam ettiklerini, \u00e7ocu\u011funun \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6ren annenin ise a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131na tan\u0131k olduk. \u00c7aresizlik i\u00e7inde bir annenin \u00e7ocu\u011funu \u0131rma\u011fa att\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u0131rmak ak\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011fu yuttu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fck. Hatta Xoy\u2019da Nasturi mezhebine ba\u011fl\u0131 ya\u015fl\u0131 papaz Jozef de Naze\u2019nin k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131rt\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131na tan\u0131k olduk. G\u00fcmr\u00fc\u011fe gelindi\u011finde, g\u00fcmr\u00fck m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Bel\u00e7ikal\u0131 M. Diret say\u0131lar\u0131 4 bini bulan bu kalabal\u0131\u011fa b\u00fcy\u00fck bir konukseverlik g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bu korkun\u00e7 yolculuk, kar ve \u00e7amur i\u00e7inde 10 g\u00fcnden fazla s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Rusya\u2019ya var\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bir \u00e7o\u011funun ayaklar\u0131 donmu\u015f durumda olup tedavi g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in kangrene \u00e7evirmi\u015fti ve sonu \u00f6l\u00fcmd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Burada, \u0130ran\u2019daki Lazarist misyoner M. Gewargis Dekro\u2019nun Rus iyilikseverlerden toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 paralarla, bu insanlara yard\u0131m etti\u011fini hatta bu insanlar i\u00e7in kap\u0131 kap\u0131 ekmek dilendi\u011fini belirtmem laz\u0131m. Tiflis ve Erivan\u2019a gelindi\u011finde toplu \u00f6l\u00fcm olaylar\u0131 ya\u015fanmaya ba\u015fland\u0131; g\u00fcnde 30\u2019dan fazla insan bu dayan\u0131lmaz ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f\u0131n ac\u0131lar\u0131na dayanam\u0131yordu. Kendimiz Tiflis\u2019te emin br yerde olmam\u0131za ra\u011fmen akl\u0131m\u0131z, kendilerinden hi\u00e7 haber alamad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z, Urmiye\u2019de barbarlar\u0131n elinde bulunan insanlardayd\u0131. Burada o insanlardan s\u00f6z etmeden ge\u00e7emiyece\u011fiz; Rus \u00e7ekilmesinden 2 saat sonra M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar Urmiye\u2019ye giden yollar\u0131 kesmi\u015flerdi. Ka\u00e7an H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131 vuruyor, soyuyor ve \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Yollarda ve hatta kentlerde \u00e7\u0131r\u0131l\u00e7\u0131plak kad\u0131n ve gen\u00e7 k\u0131zlar\u0131 g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fc. Gen\u00e7 bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman tarafs\u0131z bir g\u00f6zle, bir mollan\u0131n (M\u00fcsl\u00fcman dinadam\u0131), biri s\u0131rt\u0131nda di\u011feri kolunda iki \u00e7ocu\u011fu ta\u015f\u0131yan gen\u00e7 bir H\u0131ristiyan kad\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nce ilk \u00e7ocu\u011funu han\u00e7erledi\u011fini, ikinciyi ise vah\u015fice yere f\u0131rlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kad\u0131n\u0131 ise tamamen soydu\u011funu anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcrtler\u2019in gelmesinden iki g\u00fcn \u00f6nce, \u0130ranl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar taraf\u0131ndan t\u00fcm k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Dokunulmam\u0131\u015f sadece Goytapa Kildani k\u00f6y\u00fc kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 4 Ocakta K\u00fcrtler geldi ve bu m\u00fccadele H\u0131ristiyanlar ve K\u00fcrtler aras\u0131nda devam etti. Her iki tarafta da \u00e7ok \u00f6l\u00fc vard\u0131. Ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcn ak\u015fam\u0131 yoksullarla ilgilenen Dr. David refakatinde Amerikal\u0131 Dr. Packard sava\u015f alan\u0131na geldi. K\u00fcrt liderlerini tan\u0131yan Dr. Packard bir \u00e7ok cinayetin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ti. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerden sonra, daha sonra k\u00f6yleri ya\u011fmalayacak K\u00fcrtler\u2019e, H\u0131ristiyanlar\u2019\u0131n ellerinde bulundurduklar\u0131 silahlar\u0131 teslim etmeleri konusunda anla\u015fmaya var\u0131ld\u0131. Ak\u015fam\u0131n saat 10\u2019unda say\u0131lar\u0131 600\u2019\u00fc bulan aileler, 5 ay sonra \u00e7\u0131kmak zorunda kalacaklar\u0131 Amerikan Misyonu\u2019na yerle\u015ftiler. Bu k\u00f6yde 100 \u00f6l\u00fc, 20 de ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f k\u0131z vard\u0131. Ayn\u0131 k\u00f6yde bir de rahip \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc; bunun da bir\u00e7ok kilise mensubu gibi kafas\u0131 kesilmi\u015fti. Bahari\u2019de papazlar\u0131m\u0131zdan biri kuru s\u0131\u011f\u0131r g\u00fcbresine g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve diri diri yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Diza-Tekiya\u2019da ayn\u0131 olaylar olmu\u015ftu. Ard\u0131\u00e7ay\u2019da bir ortodoks papaz \u00e7arm\u0131ha gerilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Atlakandi\u2019de papaz Mu\u0161el (Mu\u015fel) camiye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, orada dinini de\u011fi\u015ftirip M\u00fcsl\u00fcman oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemesi istenmi\u015f, bunu ret etmi\u015f; hatta ibadet yapmas\u0131 i\u00e7in verilen s\u00fcrede bile ba\u015f\u0131 dik olarak merhamet dilenmemi\u015ftir. Dizlerinin \u00fczerine \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015f duas\u0131n\u0131 yaparken, arkadan \u0130ranl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u2019ca han\u00e7erlenmi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 olay Supurganl\u0131 Eliya\u00a0 adl\u0131 papaz\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na gelmi\u015ftir. Taza-Kandl\u0131 (Taze-Kentli) Israyel\u2019de gelince, han\u00e7erlendi\u011fini biliyoruz, ama dinini inkar etmesinin istenip istenmedi\u011fini bilmiyoruz. Awharl\u0131 papaz Hormuz (H\u00fcrm\u00fcz) daha sonra de\u011finece\u011fimiz ko\u015fullarda\u00a0 Juyf (Cuyf) da\u011flar\u0131nda kur\u015funa dizilmi\u015ftir. Bunlar ger\u00e7ekten \u015fehitlik mertebesine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131nda iki zay\u0131f karakterli papaz dinlerini inkar ederek hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 kurtarm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Sadece Katolikler aras\u0131nda de\u011fil, Supurganl\u0131 Dr. \u015eamun \u00f6rne\u011finde oldu\u011fu gibi Protestanlar aras\u0131nda da \u015fehitlik mertebesine erenler vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

5 Ocak 1915\u00a0<\/b>g\u00fcn\u00fc T\u00fcrkler ve K\u00fcrtler kente girdi ve sabaha kar\u015f\u0131 K\u00fcrtler, ya\u011fma i\u00e7in H\u0131ristiyan mahallelerine sald\u0131rmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Birka\u00e7 askerle birlikte Naci ve Re\u015fit Bey adl\u0131 iki T\u00fcrk subay\u0131 meydanda bir d\u00fczine e\u015fkiyay\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde sava\u015f ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Buda bize, Fransa ile T\u00fcrkler\u2019in sava\u015fta olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen bir\u00e7ok T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn Frans\u0131zlar\u2019a sempati duydu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. G\u00fcvendi\u011fimiz insanlardan biri olan M. D\u0131nha a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da anlataca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ya\u011fma vesilesiyle onlardan birine \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yleme cesaretini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir:\u00a0\u2018Bo\u015funa bize ac\u0131 \u00e7ektirip, i\u015fkence yap\u0131yorsunuz. Ger\u00e7ekten Fransa hala sizin ger\u00e7ek dostunuzdur.\u2018<\/i>\u00a0\u201dBelki hakl\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z\u201d diye yan\u0131t alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir \u015fah\u0131s ise Xosrowo\u2019daki y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kilisenin duvar\u0131na \u2018Fransa ve Frans\u0131zlar\u0131 seviyorum\u2018 diye yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130mza bir T\u00fcrk doktoru. Bununla birlikte bir\u00e7o\u011fu bizden nefret ediyordu. 8 rahibimizi, 3 meslekta\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ve Mons\u00f6ny\u00f6r Jacques Emile Sontag\u2019\u0131 tutuklay\u0131p T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6nderilmeleri isteniyordu. \u0130ranl\u0131 yetkililer buna kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yorlard\u0131. Biri veya ikisi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda y\u00fcksek r\u00fctbeli \u0130ranl\u0131 yetkililer, H\u0131ristiyanlar\u2019\u0131n katledilmesinden yanayd\u0131lar. Daha sonra, Rus yetkililerince cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmak istendiklerinde, Frans\u0131zlar\u2019\u0131n s\u00fcr\u00fclmesine engel olduklar\u0131n\u0131 teyit etmek i\u00e7in Mons\u00f6ny\u00f6re ba\u015fvurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bu durumda Ruslar baya\u011f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 duruma d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n

12 K\u00fcrt\u2019\u00fcn infaz\u0131ndan sonra, tehlikenin atlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na inanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Bundan bir s\u00fcre sonra, 12 \u015eubat \u00e7ar\u015famba g\u00fcn\u00fc 30 askerle birlikte biri askeri giyimli olan Bedir Bey ve di\u011feri sivil giyimli Sami Bey adl\u0131 iki T\u00fcrk subay\u0131, 3000 s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131n\u0131n birbirleriyle yap\u0131\u015f\u0131k halde bulunduklar\u0131 rahibelerin evine geldiler. Rahibelerin kald\u0131klar\u0131 yerle ilgili detaylar\u0131 \u00f6\u011frendiler. Korkacak bir durumun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek 150 ki\u015fiyi tutuklad\u0131lar ve T\u00fcrk Konsoloslu\u011funa g\u00f6nderdiler. Aralar\u0131nda 6 papaz ve Frans\u0131z Misyonu\u2019nda s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131 olarak bulunan bir Nasturi piskopos da vard\u0131. 61 ki\u015fi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda 13\u2019\u00fc geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc. B\u00fct\u00fcn giri\u015fimler sonu\u00e7suz kalm\u0131\u015f; tamamen bir odaya s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, k\u00f6t\u00fc i\u015fleme maruz kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. \u0130htiya\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in bile d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131na izin verilmemi\u015f, abdestleri i\u00e7in lastik ayakkab\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaya mecbur olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Ay\u0131n 22\u2019sinde iki K\u00fcrt n\u00f6bet\u00e7i geldi. Geceleyin silah sesleri duyuldu\u011funda ortal\u0131\u011f\u0131 velveleye vermemeleri i\u00e7in hizmet\u00e7ilerimizi uyard\u0131lar; bunlar\u0131n K\u00fcrtler\u2019in aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylediler.<\/p>\n

Ger\u00e7ekten, kentin 2 km kuzeybat\u0131s\u0131ndaki Juyf (Cuyf)\u00a0 da\u011flar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ay\u0131n 23\u2019\u00fcnde saat yar\u0131ma do\u011fru \u00e7at\u0131 katta bulunan hizmet\u00e7imiz silah sesleri duymu\u015ftu. Bu, K\u00fcrtler aras\u0131nda bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya de\u011fil T\u00fcrk Konsoloslu\u011funda tutulan ki\u015filerin infaz\u0131na benziyordu. Be\u015fer, alt\u0131\u015far ya da onar gruplar halinde ba\u011flayarak, kendilerini Van\u2019a g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek istediklerini s\u00f6ylemi\u015fler; ama \u00f6l\u00fcm alan\u0131na geldiklerinde, oturmalar\u0131n\u0131 ve biraz yemek yemeleri s\u00f6ylenmi\u015f (yemek i\u00e7in hi\u00e7bir \u015fey al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 not edilmi\u015fti). Yere otururlar ve o anda t\u00fcfekler ate\u015flenir. 51 ki\u015fi \u00f6l\u00fcmle bulu\u015fur, \u00f6nemli ki\u015filer ise as\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015flem tamamd\u0131; cellatlar \u00f6l\u00fcp \u00f6lmediklerini kontrol etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Baz\u0131lar\u0131na kur\u015fun de\u011fmemi\u015f, baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n durumu ciddi, baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n durumu ise a\u011f\u0131r de\u011fildi. Cellatlar kurbanlardan yara almayanlar\u0131n ka\u00e7malar\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in hemen i\u015fe koyuldular. Olay sabah\u0131n 4.30\u2019unda olmu\u015ftu. Biz ise bu ac\u0131 olay\u0131 gece \u00f6\u011frendik. Kurbanlar aras\u0131nda H\u0131ristiyanlar\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcnah \u00e7\u0131karma i\u015flerini yapan, bu zavall\u0131 insanlara cesaret a\u015f\u0131layan, kendisinden hep iyi insan olarak bahsetti\u011fimiz, ya\u015fl\u0131 Katolik papaz\u0131 H\u00fcrm\u00fcz vard\u0131. Kur\u015funa dizilenlerin yan\u0131nda d\u00f6rt ki\u015fi de as\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bunlar 12 \u015fubatta kald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yerden g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclenlerdi. D\u00f6rt ki\u015fiden biri K\u00fcrt\u2019t\u00fc. Yeni Katolik olmu\u015f, Mixayel ad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 inkar etmesi durumunda affedilece\u011fi s\u00f6z\u00fc verilmi\u015f ve bunu ret etmesi \u00fczerine infaz edilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Kur\u015funa dizilenlere gelince; \u00f6zellikle Mawana, Awar, Sangar ve Bahar k\u00f6yl\u00fcleriydiler. Vahim olay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenir \u00f6\u011frenmez Amerikan Misyonu\u2019na (tarafs\u0131z olarak daha \u00f6zg\u00fcr durumdayd\u0131) olay\u0131n vehametini \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in olay yerine gidilmesi ricas\u0131nda bulunduk; \u0130ranl\u0131 vali ve T\u00fcrk Konsoloslu\u011fu ba\u015fvurulara yan\u0131t vermediler. \u0130ranl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, canl\u0131 kalan ve hala nefes al\u0131p veren bu zavall\u0131lar\u0131n burunlar\u0131n\u0131 ve kulaklar\u0131n\u0131 keserek t\u00fcm vah\u015filiklerini sergiliyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

14 \u015eubattan 20 \u015eubata kadar T\u00fcrkler H\u0131ristiyanlar\u2019\u0131n t\u00fcm d\u00fckkanlar\u0131n\u0131 sistematik olarak ya\u011fmalad\u0131lar. 22 \u015eubatta bizi K\u00fcrt lider Said Xan Bey (Sait Han) ziyaret etti. Mahzenimize indi (bunu ay\u0131n 13\u2019\u00fcnde de yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131) ve 14 hammala, hal\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in toplatt\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130lk geli\u015finde 8 hal\u0131y\u0131 g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

23 \u015eubat g\u00fcn\u00fc, \u0130ranl\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkler\u2019den olu\u015fan bir grup Gulpa\u0161an (G\u00fclpa\u015fan)\u2019a – kentin 12 km do\u011fusunda kurulu b\u00fcy\u00fck bir Kildani k\u00f6y\u00fc – geldi; k\u00f6y bir K\u00fcrt\u2019\u00fcn korumas\u0131 alt\u0131nda, insanlar\u0131n ba\u015fka k\u00f6ylere ka\u00e7mas\u0131n\u0131 engellemeyle g\u00f6revliydi. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte k\u00f6yl\u00fcler bu olaydan \u00fcrkm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc, ama ziyaret\u00e7iler kendilerinden atlar\u0131 ve kendileri i\u00e7in yemek isteyince rahatlad\u0131lar. K\u00f6yl\u00fcler gerekeni yapt\u0131lar. Daha sonra 2000 toman (10. 000 frank) istediler. Birka\u00e7 ki\u015finin para bulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kente gitmesine izin verdiler; 1000 toman kentten temin edildi, 100 de k\u00f6yden topland\u0131 ve kalan 900 toman i\u00e7in s\u00fcre istendi. Bunun \u00fczerine soyguncular kad\u0131nlar\u0131 ve k\u0131zlar\u0131 bir odaya, erkekleri ise birka\u00e7 n\u00f6bet\u00e7i refaketinde ba\u015fka bir odaya kapatt\u0131lar. Gece olmu\u015f, b\u00fct\u00fcn kad\u0131n ve k\u0131zlar tecav\u00fcze u\u011fram\u0131\u015f ve aralar\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilen 20\u2019si ise g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Erkekler toplat\u0131l\u0131p k\u00f6y\u00fcn d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131 ve orada kur\u015funa dizildiler. \u00d6l\u00fc say\u0131s\u0131 60\u2019\u0131 buluyordu. Korunmas\u0131 sayesinde herhangi bir olay\u0131n ya\u015fanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kildani ve Ermeniler\u2019den olu\u015fan Eryawa (Eriava) k\u00f6y\u00fc de o gece nasibini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Urmiye\u2019de bu korkun\u00e7 olaylar olurken \u0130ran-T\u00fcrk s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda da buna benzer katliamlar oluyordu. 70 Kildani genci T\u00fcrk askerleri taraf\u0131ndan Urmiye\u2019ye telgraf i\u00e7in demir tel ta\u015f\u0131tma i\u00e7in getirilmi\u015fti. Tellerin her birinin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 70 kg\u2019dan daha fazla idi. Kente vard\u0131klar\u0131nda zaten bu insanlar yorgunluktan, uykusuzluktan ve a\u00e7l\u0131ktan bitip d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015flerdi. Daha sonra bunlar kentin 18 km kuzeybat\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan ve infaz edilecekleri yer olan \u0130smail A\u011fa Kalesi\u2019ne g\u00f6nderildiler. Ancak i\u00e7lerinden biri da\u011flardan ge\u00e7erken ka\u00e7\u0131p, Amerikan Kilisesi\u2019ne ula\u015fmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f; 8 ay sonra Amerikal\u0131 misyonerler olay yerine giderek, kurbanlara ait iskelet resimlerini \u00e7ekmi\u015f ve onlar\u0131 topra\u011fa g\u00f6mm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Her sabah yeni katliamlar\u0131n haberini al\u0131yorduk. Salamas\u2019ta (Urmiye\u2019nin 75 km kuzeyinde 71 k\u00f6y\u00fc kapsayan b\u00f6lge) \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Ermeni olan 712 ki\u015finin katledildi\u011fini \u00f6\u011frendik. Rus Konsolosu M. Vedenski cesetlerin durumunu bizzat g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ifade etmi\u015ftir; g\u00f6zleri oyulmu\u015f, baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kulaklar\u0131 kesilmi\u015f, di\u011ferlerinin ise kafalar\u0131 kesilmeden \u00f6nce kafa derileri y\u00fcz\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f durumdayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00d6lenlerin i\u00e7inde eski ilahiyat \u00f6\u011frencisi, ruhbanlar\u0131m\u0131zdan Israyel Bi\u015fawa (Bisava) de vard\u0131. \u00c7o\u011fu bo\u011fulmu\u015ftu. 12\u2019si canl\u0131 canl\u0131 topra\u011fa g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, geri kalanlar ise balta ile do\u011fran\u0131p bir kuyuya at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kurbanlar aras\u0131nda Xosrowa (Hosrova) Misyonu\u2019nda g\u00f6revli hizmetlilerden M.\u00a0 Miraziz\u2019in olmas\u0131 bizi \u00e7ok \u00fczm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u015eimdi tarih s\u0131ras\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00f6nemli olaylar\u0131 s\u0131ral\u0131yal\u0131m:<\/p>\n

5 Mart<\/b>\u00a0– En son Ruslar\u2019\u0131n Urmiye\u2019ye giri\u015finden bahsettik. Bilhassa Salamas\u2019da, Ruslar\u2019\u0131n yolu \u00fczerinde bulunan k\u00f6ylerdeki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar kentlere ka\u00e7\u0131yordu; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc i\u015fledikleri cinayetlerin hesab\u0131n\u0131n sorulmas\u0131ndan korkuyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

7 Mart<\/b>\u00a0– Almanlar, Avusturyal\u0131lar, \u0130talyanlar ve T\u00fcrkler\u2019in kat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 (\u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n Orta Avrupa imparatorluklar\u0131 ile beraber oldu\u011fu inanc\u0131 hakimdi) bir birlik olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in kentin ileri gelenlerine \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da bulunuldu; amac\u0131 \u0130ran\u2019\u0131 birli\u011fe taraf yaparak, Ruslara kar\u015f\u0131 Salamas\u2019a do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcyen T\u00fcrk ordusunda g\u00f6rev yapan \u0130ranl\u0131lar\u2019a bask\u0131 yapmakt\u0131. Bu arada T\u00fcrk konsolosu Raci Bey, Mecit Sultane ile g\u00fcneye ka\u00e7t\u0131. En k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc 15 k\u00f6y\u00fc i\u00e7ine alan zengin Urmiye d\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden ya\u015fam\u0131n olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen faydalan\u0131lmamas\u0131 idi.<\/p>\n

Raci Bey\u2019in iki misyonda hapis bulunan H\u0131ristiyanlar\u2019\u0131n kurtulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcmit ediyorduk ama bunun tersi oldu; Ruslar\u2019a ve H\u0131ristiyanlar\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtma ba\u015flatt\u0131. Sahip oldu\u011fumuz bas\u0131mevinde M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u2019\u0131 kutsal sava\u015fa (cihat)24<\/a>\u00a0\u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran bir afi\u015f bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi. Yi\u011fit bas\u0131mc\u0131m\u0131z Aleksand\u0131r (\u0130skender) tehditlere kar\u015f\u0131 inanc\u0131na ters d\u00fc\u015fen b\u00f6yle bir \u015feyi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiremiyece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n

10 Mart<\/b>\u00a0\u00f6\u011fleden sonra \u0130ranl\u0131 otoritelerin ve Katolikler\u2019in \u0160ama\u0161a Babu-Malik diye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 \u015fah\u0131s, T\u00fcrkler taraf\u0131ndan tutukland\u0131. Hemen 2000 toman (10. 000 frank) \u00f6denmedi\u011fi taktirde as\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 tehdidinde bulunuldu. B\u00fct\u00fcn param\u0131z\u0131 s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar\u0131n beslenmesi i\u00e7in harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zdan bu b\u00fcy\u00fck toplam\u0131 nas\u0131l bulaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 bilemiyorduk. S\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar aras\u0131ndan 3000 toman toplamay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131k ve 1700 toman\u0131 Amerikan Misyonuna \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 verdik, b\u00f6ylece \u0160ama\u0161a Babu Malik (Diyakon Bebu Melik) serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. Bir daha tutuklanaca\u011f\u0131 korkusuyla \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ile birlikte Amerikan Misyonu\u2019na s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n

12 Martta \u00f6\u011fleye do\u011fru Lazarist misyoner M. Renault daha \u00f6nce bahsedilen H\u0131ristiyanlar\u2019\u0131n kur\u015funa dizildi\u011fi yer Juyf Da\u011f\u0131\u2019na gitti. Cesetler k\u00f6pekler taraf\u0131ndan par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Orda verece\u011fi para kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda can\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen K\u00fcrtler\u2019ce tutukland\u0131. Bir miktar \u00f6deyebilece\u011fi s\u00f6z\u00fc verdi ve valinin muhaf\u0131zlar\u0131 Misyona haber g\u00f6t\u00fcrme konusunda m\u00fczakerelerde bulundu\u011fu s\u0131rada serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. Ondan sonra bu ilgin\u00e7 dost hastaland\u0131 ve ay\u0131n 27\u2019sinde ruhunu Tanr\u0131\u2019ya teslim etti.<\/p>\n

Frans\u0131z Misyonu\u2019nda bulunan zavall\u0131 insanlardan bir c\u00fcmleyle de\u011finece\u011fiz: \u0130nsanlar\u0131n h\u0131nca h\u0131n\u00e7 bir odada bulunmas\u0131, havas\u0131zl\u0131k, k\u00f6t\u00fc beslenme ve korkunun ayn\u0131 anda bulunmas\u0131, tif\u00fcs ve tifoyid gibi insan i\u00e7in \u00e7ok tehlikeli hastal\u0131klar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131na neden olur. Geni\u015fli\u011fi 6 m uzunlu\u011fu 20 m olan yat\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci ko\u011fu\u015fumuz tamamen doluydu. Ko\u011fu\u015fa girerken burnunuzu t\u0131kamak zorundayd\u0131n\u0131z. Bir yatak bir aile taraf\u0131ndan oturmak yoluyla kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu. S\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131m\u0131zda, odalar\u0131m\u0131zda ve koridorlar\u0131m\u0131zda ayn\u0131 \u015fey s\u00f6z konusuydu. Mons\u00f6ny\u00f6r Jacques Emile Sontag yemek masas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde yat\u0131yordu. S\u0131cak mevsimde olsayd\u0131k avluya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131labilirdik, ama k\u0131\u015f \u00e7ok \u00e7etin ge\u00e7iyordu. Yukar\u0131da bahsetti\u011fimiz hastal\u0131klardan g\u00fcnde 15-20 ki\u015fi \u00f6l\u00fcyordu. \u0130nsanlar \u00f6l\u00fclerini mezarl\u0131\u011fa g\u00f6t\u00fcremiyorlard\u0131; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar orda onlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte bu nedenle Misyonun avlusu mezarl\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. 300\u2019den fazla \u00f6l\u00fc vard\u0131 ve kefen bulunamad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan perdelere sar\u0131l\u0131yor, \u00f6l\u00fc say\u0131s\u0131 40 ya da 50 olunca bir \u00e7ukura g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Amerikan Misyonu da ayn\u0131 durumdayd\u0131. 14 binden fazla s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131 bulundu\u011fundan durum daha da vahimdir, ama burda mezarl\u0131k yak\u0131n oldu\u011fundan \u00f6l\u00fcler g\u00f6m\u00fclebiliyorlard\u0131. \u0130ki misyonda \u00f6l\u00fc say\u0131s\u0131 4500\u2019den fazlayd\u0131. \u201cAh! Hayatta kalanlar, \u00f6l\u00fclerin kendileri gibi ac\u0131 \u00e7ekmedikleri i\u00e7in mutlu say\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorlard\u0131.\u201d Burada Dr. Paul Malik ve evindeki rahibelerimizin \u00e7ektikleri s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 nas\u0131l unuturuz. Rahibeler yaral\u0131lar\u0131 avuttular ve durmaks\u0131z\u0131n onlar\u0131n iyile\u015fmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. Dr. Malik, rahibelerin yard\u0131m\u0131yla yaral\u0131lar\u0131 ameliyat etmi\u015f, hi\u00e7bir \u015fey beklemeksizin t\u00fcm zaman\u0131n\u0131 onlara harcam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Birg\u00fcn Mons\u00f6ny\u00f6r Jacques Emile Sontag ona \u201cAllah a\u015fk\u0131na doktor biraz da kendinize dikkat edin! E\u011fer size bir \u015fey olursa bu zavall\u0131lara kim bakar!\u201c demi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

16 Nisan<\/b>\u00a0– General Halil Bey komutas\u0131ndaki \u0130stanbul\u2019dan g\u00f6nderilen 10 binlik T\u00fcrk ordusu Urmiye\u2019ye geldi. Ordu yorgun g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. \u0130ki hafta dinlenmeden sonra orduya 12 bin K\u00fcrt ve \u0130ranl\u0131 kat\u0131ld\u0131. Ordu Ruslar\u2019la sava\u015fmak \u00fczere habersiz olarak Salamas \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. \u0130lk \u015fok Salamas ovas\u0131nda ya\u015fand\u0131. Say\u0131lar\u0131 2000\u2019i bulan Ruslar fazla direnme g\u00f6steremedi ve Salamas\u2019\u0131n 5 km kuzeyindeki Dilman\u2019daki Mowanjukli (Movanc\u0131k)\u2019ye do\u011fru \u00e7ekildi. Xoy\u2019a vard\u0131klar\u0131nda yard\u0131m gecikmi\u015fti. Savunmaya ge\u00e7tiler ve Halil Bey ordusuna b\u00fcy\u00fck kay\u0131plar verdirdiler. General sava\u015f alan\u0131nda 3500 ceset b\u0131rakarak ka\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n

E\u011fer T\u00fcrkler bu sava\u015f\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131; M\u00fcsl\u00fcman yapacaklar\u0131 \u00e7ocuklar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn H\u0131ristiyanlar\u2019\u0131 Urmiye\u2019de katledeceklerdi. Daha 9 May\u0131s g\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6ld\u00fcrecekleri ki\u015filerin listesini haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. \u0130\u015fte Mons\u00f6ny\u00f6r Jacques Emile Sontag\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc:<\/p>\n

9 May\u0131s<\/b>\u00a0– H\u0131ristiyanlar\u2019\u0131n ad listesine bug\u00fcn ba\u015fland\u0131 ve 10 g\u00fcn s\u00fcrmesi bekleniyor. Nizamiye (polis) liste tutulmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oluyor ve kay\u0131t \u015fefi ise Frans\u0131z konsolosu M. Nicolas taraf\u0131ndan kurtar\u0131lan Misyonumuzun eski \u00f6\u011frencisi Tebrizli bir m\u00fccahittir. Salamas\u2019ta 712 ki\u015finin katledilmesi \u00f6ncesi de bir liste haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

15 May\u0131s<\/b>\u00a0– T\u00fcrkler, K\u00fcrtler ve \u0130ranl\u0131 m\u00fccahitler g\u00fcneye do\u011fru ka\u00e7maya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. T\u00fcrkler 30 civar\u0131nda hasta ve yaral\u0131y\u0131 geride b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n

6 May\u0131s\u2019ta Urmiye valisi H\u0131ristiyanlar\u2019a Ruslar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaya gitmeleri duyurusunu yapt\u0131. O g\u00fcn pazard\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011fleden \u00f6nce her \u015fey normal g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. \u00d6\u011fleden sonra M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar Ruslar\u2019\u0131n gelmedi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcnce H\u0131ristiyanlar\u2019\u0131n \u00fczerine sald\u0131rd\u0131lar ve yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 ki\u015fiyi \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Nihayet 25 May\u0131sta Ruslar 500 ki\u015filik bir ordu ve 4 topla kente girdiler: O an b\u00fcy\u00fck bir and\u0131. Ruslar\u2019\u0131 sadece M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc H\u0131ristiyanlar cesaret edemediler.<\/p>\n

Ertesi g\u00fcn, 15 askeri b\u0131rakarak Ruslar, Urmiye\u2019nin 40 km kuzeybat\u0131s\u0131ndaki Bradost\u2019a gitti. H\u0131ristiyanlar M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u2019\u0131n insaf\u0131nda kalmamak i\u00e7in 4000 ki\u015filik bir kitle halinde ko\u015fullar ne olursa olsun Ruslar\u2019\u0131 takip ettiler. O g\u00fcn 20\u2019den fazla kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuk Nazlu Irma\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ge\u00e7erken bo\u011fuldu. Her\u015feyi anlatmak i\u00e7in ciltler dolusu yaz\u0131lar gerekmektedir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc her k\u00f6y\u00fcn, her \u015fahs\u0131n kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc hikayesi vard\u0131r. Kentin 30 km kuzeydo\u011fusundaki Ada k\u00f6y\u00fcnde oldu\u011fu gibi, 4 Ocaktan 7 Ocak 1915\u2019e kadar b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00f6y, kom\u015fu k\u00f6ylerdeki \u0130ranl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar taraf\u0131ndan ya\u011fmaland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ay\u0131n 8\u2019inde Beyzade K\u00fcrtleri, Balawe Gadjine s\u00fcnnileri, di\u011ferleri ve say\u0131lar\u0131 3000\u2019i bulan T\u00fcrkler bir kaymakamla bu k\u00f6y\u00fc istila ettiler ve tarif edilmez cinayetler i\u015flediler. Bu k\u00f6y 170 haneydi; 6 ve 7 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 dahil b\u00fct\u00fcn kad\u0131n ve k\u0131zlara tecav\u00fcz ettiler. Bir yetkili bu zavall\u0131 \u00e7ocuklardan 42\u2019sinin bir terasa s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, orada b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklere maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7o\u011funun bu vah\u015filerin elinde \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc bildirmi\u015fti. Amerikal\u0131 Dr. Packard bir ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve v\u00fccutlar\u0131nda doku zedelenmeleri oldu\u011funu beyan etmi\u015fti. Takip edilen bir kad\u0131n kendini 7 m y\u00fcksekli\u011finde bir \u00e7at\u0131dan atm\u0131\u015f ve bir daha aya\u011fa kalkamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

En g\u00fczel 18 gen\u00e7 k\u0131z se\u00e7ilmi\u015f, kiliseye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcp \u00e7\u0131r\u0131l\u00e7\u0131plak yap\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra ha\u00e7\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnden s\u0131rayla ge\u00e7irilmi\u015flerdi. Daniyel ve kar\u0131s\u0131, Abraham\u2019\u0131n o\u011flu Ruwel, Jozef\u2019\u0131n o\u011flu Yuxanna (Yuhanna), \u0160amcun (\u015eamun), Mu\u0161el (Mu\u015fel), Maryam (Meryem), Eliya ve di\u011ferlerine ne demeli; hepsi tarif edilemez ac\u0131lar i\u00e7inde son nefeslerini vermi\u015fler. Yaln\u0131zca i\u00e7lerinden Muqdusi Zayya M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmu\u015f, s\u00fcnneti i\u00e7in kendinden 30 toman para al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130ki \u00e7ocuk sahibi bir kad\u0131n ka\u00e7arken bir seyide rastlar, seyit iki \u00e7ocu\u011fu bo\u011fduktan sonra annenin \u0131rz\u0131na ge\u00e7er. B\u00f6yle olaylar\u0131n binlercesi ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyay\u0131 ezmek i\u00e7in Alman \u201ck\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u201c alevledi\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck Avrupa sava\u015f\u0131nda, Neron\u2019un ortaya koydu\u011fu zulm\u00fcn yan\u0131nda hi\u00e7 kalan bu vah\u015fete binlerce masum insan maruz kalm\u0131\u015f ve imparatorluk saray\u0131 duvar\u0131na sihirli bir elin \u2018Sayd\u0131, Tartt\u0131, B\u00f6ld\u00fc\u2018 yazaca\u011f\u0131 zamana kadar (in\u015fallah bu uzak de\u011fildir) bu bahts\u0131z insanlar ac\u0131 \u00e7ekecektir.<\/p>\n

Sava\u015f nedeniyle ac\u0131 \u00e7eken b\u00fct\u00fcn bu insanlar aras\u0131nda, say\u0131s\u0131 azalan, bug\u00fcne kadar onun i\u00e7in her\u015feyi yapan Fransa ve uygar halklarca hen\u00fcz bilinmeyen ve bu zulme maruz kalm\u0131\u015f bir halk var: Bu kendisinde sadece ya\u015fam g\u00fcc\u00fc kalm\u0131\u015f Kildani halk\u0131d\u0131r. Say\u0131lar\u0131 40. 000\u2019i bulan bu ulus \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n bir k\u00f6\u015fesinde at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve di\u011fer uluslardan daha fazla ac\u0131 \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

8 g\u00fcnden beri Paris\u2019teyim, krep takan soylu kad\u0131nlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyorum, kesinlikle bu \u015ferefli varl\u0131k i\u00e7indir! Ah vatan\u0131m Urmiye, krep takan t\u00fcm kad\u0131nlara bak\u0131yorum, ama ne kadar farkl\u0131 bir motif! Siz Frans\u0131z kad\u0131nlar\u0131; kanlar\u0131yla Fransa topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geri alan kahraman sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in, t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyan\u0131n hayran kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Verdun aslanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in, Marne yi\u011fitleri i\u00e7in yastas\u0131n\u0131z, bu geli\u015fimiz evrenin etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc uygar d\u00fcnyan\u0131n temeli olan Paris\u2019i koruyan binlerce kahraman\u0131n yas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ama Urmiye neden yasta? Kuyulara at\u0131lan, canl\u0131 canl\u0131 g\u00f6m\u00fclen, ta\u015fa tutulan, han\u00e7erlenen, kur\u015funa dizilen, alt\u0131l\u0131k ve be\u015ferlik gruplar halinde ba\u011flanan, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u2019ca hakarete u\u011frayan 8-10 ya\u015flar\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ren annelerin, bir \u00e7o\u011fu zalimlerin elinde gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta \u00f6l\u00fcmle tan\u0131\u015fan, hayvan paras\u0131 bile etmeyen bir bedel kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sat\u0131lan k\u0131zlar\u0131n yas\u0131d\u0131r! Daha ne s\u00f6ylenebilir? 40. 000\u2019den 10. 000\u2019ni kaybetmi\u015f; geri kalanlar\u0131n evleri yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, mallar\u0131 talan edilmi\u015f, sefaletle tan\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, \u2018en mutlusu \u00f6lendir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ac\u0131 \u00e7ekmiyor\u2018 dedirtendir. 5000 de\u011fil 40. 000\u2019den bahsediyorum, inan\u0131lmaz bir sefalet i\u00e7inde; Salamas\u2019ta, Urmiye\u2019de, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de da\u011flara s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan bir halk. Ruslar onlara ayda 2 ruble para veriyordu. Bu de\u011fersiz parayla ne al\u0131nabilir? Misyonumuzda s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131 olarak kald\u0131klar\u0131 6 ay boyunca sahip oldu\u011fumuz ne varsa hepsini bu u\u011furda harcad\u0131k. Katliamlardan ya da hastal\u0131ktan anne-babas\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015f bir s\u00fcr\u00fc \u00e7ocuk sefalet i\u00e7indeydi; iyi y\u00fcrekli insanlar\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n beslenmesini sa\u011flad\u0131k.<\/p>\n

Urmiye\u2019de Bel\u00e7ika\u2019ya yard\u0131m elinin uzat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve S\u0131rplar\u2019\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Fransa\u2019n\u0131n kendini kabul ettirdi\u011fini duymu\u015ftum. Bulundu\u011fumuz bu k\u00f6t\u00fc ko\u015fullarda Frans\u0131z yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131 arkas\u0131 kesilmiyordu. Ulusum \u00fczerinde Frans\u0131z etkisini birka\u00e7 s\u00f6zc\u00fckle s\u00f6ylemeksizin ge\u00e7emiyorum. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Kildani halk\u0131 di\u011fer b\u00fct\u00fcn Do\u011fu H\u0131ristiyan halklar\u0131 gibi Fransa i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir sempati duymaktad\u0131r. Aksi bir durum s\u00f6z konusu olamaz! 80 y\u0131ldan beri hem misyonerlerinin deste\u011fi hem de parasal yard\u0131m\u0131yla bize destek olan ve e\u011fitimiyle bize \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutan Fransa\u2019d\u0131r. Ona kar\u015f\u0131 sevgimizi, bizi Katolik olarak adland\u0131rmayan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kom\u015fular\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7ok iyi bilmektedir. Ama Frenk ad\u0131yla \u00f6v\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz.\u00a0 Ger\u00e7ek Frans\u0131z olmasak ta frans\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcre\u011fimizin derinli\u011fine ve iliklerimize kadar hissediyoruz. Ve de \u201cYa\u015fas\u0131n Fransa\u201c diye hayk\u0131r\u0131yoruz. Kildani misyonerleri bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi her zaman hayk\u0131rmaktad\u0131rlar. T\u00fcrkler ve Almanlar i\u00e7in bundan daha can s\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 \u015fey olamaz.<\/p>\n

6<\/b><\/p>\n

B\u0131rak\u0131lan Eserler<\/b><\/p>\n

Urmiye Lazarist Misyonu\u2019ndaki misyonerlerin ve Van piskoposunun ac\u0131 hikayeleri, Alman h\u0131nc\u0131yla k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131lan T\u00fcrk ba\u011fnazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Do\u011fu H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131\u2019na kar\u015f\u0131 uygulad\u0131klar\u0131 zulm\u00fc i\u00e7ermektedir. Bu kiliselerin \u00f6nceki durumunu belirtmek burda \u00f6nem kazanmaktad\u0131r. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nce, ger\u00e7e\u011fi yans\u0131tan istatistikler do\u011frultusunda k\u0131sa bir an\u0131msatma yapmak do\u011fru olacakt\u0131r. O halde buna y\u0131k\u0131m i\u015finden ba\u015flan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r; kan d\u00f6k\u00fcc\u00fc Guillaume de Hohenzollern\u2019e m\u00fcttefik olan sayg\u0131de\u011fer miras\u00e7\u0131lar, J\u00f6n T\u00fcrkler, infazlar\u0131 engelleyecek Avrupal\u0131 konsoloslar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fcklerinden faydalanarak ve Kutsal Sava\u015f bahaneleriyle y\u00f6ntemleri i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir uygulama alan\u0131 bulmu\u015flard\u0131r. 1894 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Kud\u00fcs Azize Anna Rum Katolik Semineri Ruhban Okulu eski y\u00f6neticisi R. P. P. Mi\u0161el, (Orient et Rome) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir kitapta Do\u011fu ve Roma Kiliseleri Birli\u011fi\u2019nin durumunu anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck patron Berlin\u2019in ilkelerini uygulayarak Asya\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131nan \u201cAlman Sava\u015f\u0131\u201c ndan en fazla ac\u0131 \u00e7eken kiliselerin; Ermeni, Kildani, S\u00fcryani ve Maruni kiliseleri oldu\u011fu yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u201cKildani Kilisesi kesin olarak Nasturiler i\u00e7in patriklik olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 tarihi olan 1681 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulmu\u015ftur. Patriklik verildikten sonra Papa XI. Innocen merkezini Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Daha sonra patrikhane Musul\u2019a ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve Kildani toplulu\u011funun dinsel lideri, Babil Patri\u011fi \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kildani Kilisesi, be\u015f ba\u015fpiskoposluk; Maw\u015f\u00ebl\/Ninwe (Musul, Ninova), Ba\u011fdat (Babil), Amed\/Omed (Diyarbak\u0131r), S\u00ebc\u00ebrt (Siirt) ve Beth-Slux (Kerk\u00fck), 6 piskoposluk, M\u00ebrde (Mardin),\u00a0 Caqra (\u2018Akra), Amadiye, Gzira\/Gziro (Cizre), Zaxo, Salamas ve Sena olmak \u00fczere y\u00fcz civar\u0131nda ruhban\u0131n kutsal g\u00f6revi yerine getirdi\u011fi bir topluluktu.25<\/a><\/p>\n

Bu y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n (XIX) ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda Kildani Kilisesi daha m\u00fcreffeh bir durumdayd\u0131. 1830 y\u0131l\u0131nda en az 130. 000 inanan\u0131 vard\u0131. Ama bu bahts\u0131z halk\u0131n ba\u011fr\u0131nda ya\u015fanan felaketler, y\u0131k\u0131mlar, hastal\u0131klar ve i\u00e7 sava\u015flar sonucu bu say\u0131 18 ya da 20 bine inmi\u015ftir.\u201c\u00a026<\/a><\/p>\n

Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in idaresi alt\u0131nda yap\u0131lan katliamlar\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu \u00f6l\u00fcm ve kay\u0131plar hesap edildi\u011finde, Kildani dinsel liderlerinin, \u0130ran\u2019a da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumda bulunan 40. 000\u2019e yak\u0131n bir toplulu\u011fa sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.27<\/a>\u00a010. 000 civar\u0131nda ki\u015finin yokoldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir. Ya\u015famas\u0131 mucize olan, oraya buraya da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bu toplulu\u011fun sefaletine yard\u0131m eli uzatmak ne kadar g\u00fc\u00e7 ise, zarar\u0131n bilan\u00e7osunu \u00e7\u0131karmakta o kadar g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Alman ve T\u00fcrk hakimiyetinin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 korkun\u00e7 felaketleri ve bu felaketlerin kurbanlar\u0131 olan H\u0131ristiyanlar\u2019\u0131n dramlar\u0131n\u0131, bu bahts\u0131z insanlara yard\u0131m eli uzatan misyonerlerin anlatt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcrek daralmadan okumak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Ac\u0131 \u00e7eken sadece Kildaniler de\u011fildir. Daha \u00f6nce P. Mi\u0161el\u2019in verdi\u011fi bilgiler kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda S\u00fcryani kurbanlar ile ilgili d\u00f6k\u00fcm yapmak gerekmektedir. 1894\u2019deki bir yaz\u0131da, S\u00fcryani Kilisesinin hiyerar\u015fik yap\u0131s\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle belirtilmektedir: S\u00fcryani Katolikler i\u00e7in Antakya Patrikli\u011fi\u2019nin otoritesi alt\u0131nda 6 piskoposluk ve 4 ba\u015fpiskoposluktan olu\u015fan 10 piskoposluk mevcuttur.28<\/a>\u00a0Ba\u015fpiskoposluklar Halab (Halep), Bu\u011fd\u00ebd\/Bob\u00ebl (Ba\u011fdat), Darm\u00ebsuq (\u015eam), Maw\u015fal\/Ninwe (Musul). Piskoposluklar: Bayrud (Beyrut), Amid\/Omid (Diyarbak\u0131r), Gzira\/Gziro (Cizre), M\u00ebrde (Mardin), Suriye\u2019nin Tripoli ve M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n \u0130skenderiye\u2019sidir. Bu listeye Katolik misyonlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fpiskoposluk verdikleri Emes (Humus)\u2019u da eklemek gerekmektedir. Basit a\u00e7\u0131klamalar piskoposluk merkezlerinin nas\u0131l tayin edildi\u011fini yeteri derecede g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

Ayin usul\u00fcne dayanan, Ortodoksluk, Katoliklik, Nasturilik ay\u0131rt edilmeksizin T\u00fcrkler, t\u00fcm H\u0131ristiyanlara ve onlara yol g\u00f6sterenlere vurmu\u015ftur. \u201cK\u00fcrdistan, M\u0131s\u0131r, Mezopotamya ve Suriye\u2019ye\u201c da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 30. 000 ki\u015filik S\u00fcryani toplulu\u011funun hangi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerde say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n azalm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131rr\u0131, belki daha sonraki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fu Kiliseleri Birli\u011finin en eskisi ve de kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ayn\u0131 ayin usul\u00fcnden bir kilisenin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u013129<\/a>\u00a0\u201cMaruni Kilisesi\u201c ne Suriye\u2019deki sorun nedeniyle sadece pasajlarla de\u011finece\u011fiz. S\u00fcryaniler\u2019in ba\u015fpiskoposluk kentleri: Halep, Beyrut, \u015eam, Tir ve Sidon. Piskoposluk kentleri ise Baalbek, Jabay\u0131l (Gebail), Batrun, Tripoli\u2019dir. Bunlar di\u011fer halklardan daha az eziyet g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015flerdir. S\u00fcryani Kilisesi ger\u00e7ekten Ermeni Kilisesinden daha az ac\u0131 \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir.30<\/a>\u00a0\u0130stanbul\u2019da kurulu bulunan Katolik Ermeni Patri\u011fi hakimiyeti alt\u0131nda 18 ba\u015fpiskoposluk veya piskoposluk mevcuttur. Acaba hangisi \u015fimdi ya\u015famakta? Bir zamanlar bu kilisenin hiyerar\u015fik tan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7inde d\u00f6k\u00fcm yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup, buna g\u00f6re; \u0130stanbul, Halep, Diyarbak\u0131r, \u0130sfahan (\u0130ran), Mardin (Mezopotamya)\u2019de be\u015f ba\u015fpiskoposluk, Adana, Tarsus, Ankara, Bursa, Kayseri, Kapadokya, Erzurum, Mara\u015f, Mu\u015f, Sivas (Sebaste), Tokat, Trabzon, Harput, Malatya (Melitene) ve M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n \u0130skenderiye\u2019sinde 13 tane piskoposluk mevcutmu\u015f.31<\/a><\/p>\n

Bu merkezlerden ka\u00e7 tanesinin dini lideri \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ya da ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? Zarar\u0131n tespiti i\u00e7in meydana \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f s\u00fcresini bilmek kiliselerin eski durumunu bilmek gerekmektedir. \u00c7eli\u015fik veya eksik bilgilere dayanan haberler olay\u0131 sapt\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bana g\u00f6re, Musul\u2019daki Frans\u0131z misyonerlerinden birine ait haberlere ba\u015fvurmam hi\u00e7bir i\u015fe yaramad\u0131, zira sava\u015ftan 4 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Fransa\u2019ya gelen Aziz Dominik misyonundan R. P. D. Berre, Misyonlar\u0131n durumunu 1910 y\u0131l\u0131nda\u00a0Sosyal Reform<\/i>\u00a0ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir konferansta g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne sermi\u015fti. Din karde\u015flerinin kendisi hakk\u0131nda bildikleri tek \u015fey kayboldu\u011fudur. Akibeti konusunda herhangi bir bilgiye sahip de\u011fildirler. Bu bir \u00f6rnektir ve buna benzer olaylar \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131labilir. Peki anayurttaki y\u0131k\u0131mlar\u0131n tespiti nas\u0131l yap\u0131lacak? Elden geldi\u011fince onar\u0131m\u0131n tespiti i\u00e7in zaman\u0131 tayin etmek laz\u0131md\u0131r. \u015eimdi ant i\u00e7tikleri zaferler i\u00e7in acele eden ve bu konuda \u00fcmitlerini hi\u00e7 yitirmeyen ezilen halklar lay\u0131k olduklar\u0131 yerde bunu nas\u0131l yapacaklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yliyelim.<\/p>\n

7<\/b><\/p>\n

Onar\u0131m ve Teminat<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkler\u2019in boyunduru\u011fu alt\u0131nda ezilen bu kiliselerin dini liderlerinin Fransa\u2019n\u0131n reklam\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l yapt\u0131klar\u0131na tan\u0131k oldum. Ge\u00e7en y\u0131lki katliamlardan sa\u011f olarak kurtulan Piskopos Awgin Yacqub Manna (Evgin Yakup Menne) \u201cT\u00fcrk idaresinin elinden ulusunun kurtulmas\u0131, ac\u0131lar\u0131na son verilmesi i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc m\u00fcttefiklerin deste\u011fini istemi\u015ftir.\u201d32<\/a><\/p>\n

Urmiye\u2019deki Lazarist Misyonu, halk\u0131 ad\u0131na 80 y\u0131ldan fazla s\u00fcreden beri ilmiyle bize \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutan, parasal33<\/a>\u00a0yard\u0131mlar\u0131yla bize destek olan Fransa\u2019dan yard\u0131m talebinde bulunmu\u015ftur. \u201c\u0130liklerine ve y\u00fcreklerinin derinliklerine kadar\u201c Frans\u0131z halk\u0131na duyulan a\u015fk teyid edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130stanbul B\u00fcy\u00fck El\u00e7ili\u011fimizin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren, Frans\u0131zlar\u2019\u0131n, etkimiz alt\u0131ndaki Do\u011fu H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131\u2019yla ilgili kayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 tarihin yazmas\u0131 zor olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130ran konusuna gelince; \u0130sfahan saray\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck Frans\u0131z kral\u0131n\u0131 \u015ferefiyle temsil eden ve ticari g\u00f6revi konusunda XIV. Louis\u2019e34<\/a>\u00a01709 y\u0131l\u0131nda hesap veren bu b\u00fcy\u00fck el\u00e7inin biraz \u015fatavatl\u0131 anlat\u0131m\u0131ndan al\u0131nt\u0131 yapmak uygun olacakt\u0131r. Ama eskide kalm\u0131\u015f ve uzak an\u0131lar\u0131n yerine tamamen g\u00fcncel ve bize daha yak\u0131n sonu\u00e7lara ba\u015fvurmak en iyi y\u00f6ntemdir. S\u00fcryani ve Kildani uluslar\u0131na garanti sa\u011flayacak ve hepsini zengin ve mutlu edecek y\u00f6ntem,\u00a0 1915 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki konferansda Dr. H. de Brun taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclen \u00f6zg\u00fcr bir geni\u015flemedir. \u201cBr\u00fct olarak\u201c Suriye\u2019nin kaynaklar\u0131 tespit edildikten sonra ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki engellere ra\u011fmen \u201ctemiz, faal, zeki bir idare alt\u0131nda bunun ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilece\u011fidir.\u201c35<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201cBir zamanlar Roma\u2019n\u0131n ambar\u0131 durumunda bulunan,\u201c meyve bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengin Hawran, \u00fc\u00e7 sahil d\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve L\u00fcbnan, Anti-L\u00fcbnan Da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n zenginliklerinin d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fc yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0 Yeralt\u0131 zenginlikleri; kur\u015fun, bak\u0131r, karbon, mermer, asfalt, Yahudistan\u2019daki kaya tuzu, \u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019deki petrol, Hanin ve Tiberiya\u2019daki maden kaynaklar\u0131, hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc ticari m\u00fcbadele olanaklar\u0131. Beyrutlu profes\u00f6r, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve yapay olarak, \u00fclkenin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc tezinin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a T\u00fcrk idaresinin i\u015fi oldu\u011funa tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmek i\u00e7in gelmi\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r.36<\/a>\u00a0E\u011fer Suriye bo\u015fal\u0131r, Amerika\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karsa ve 160. 000 km2<\/sup>\u2019lik bir alanda 3, 5 milyon topluluk kal\u0131rsa, bu durumda 20 milyondan fazla insan bu topraklardan faydalanacak ve beslenecektir.<\/p>\n

Bu da Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fc idaresi alt\u0131nda Suriye\u2019nin yokolmas\u0131 demektir. \u00dclke y\u00f6netiminden vazge\u00e7en Suriye, Fransa\u2019dan canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n, g\u00fcc\u00fcn ve \u201cinan\u0131lmaz inan birikiminin\u201c harekete ge\u00e7irilerek kendisine yard\u0131m edilmesi talebinde bulunmu\u015ftur.37<\/a>\u00a0Gelecek g\u00fcvencesini, uzun y\u0131llar s\u00fcren zulm\u00fcn ve ac\u0131lar\u0131n bedelini, y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyu maruz kal\u0131nan y\u0131k\u0131mlar\u0131n onar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, bu ezilen halklara temin edecek \u00e7areyi Dr. de Brun a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u015f\u00f6yle form\u00fcle etmi\u015ftir: \u201cBug\u00fcn Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n tasfiyesinin kabaca ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve t\u00fcm ge\u00e7mi\u015fiyle bizi kendisine ba\u011flayan,38<\/a>\u00a0bize g\u00fcvenen Suriye; kendisini T\u00fcrk bask\u0131s\u0131ndan kurtaracak hareketi sab\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131kla beklemektedir. Suriye\u2019nin bu iste\u011fini geri mi \u00e7evirece\u011fiz? Bizim i\u00e7in yan\u0131t ku\u015fkusuz hay\u0131r olmal\u0131d\u0131r?\u201c<\/p>\n

Do\u011fu\u2019daki sorumluluk ve haklar\u0131m\u0131zla ilgili uygulamaya muhalif olan dini, siyasi, askeri ve mali konulardaki itirazlar\u0131 tek tek g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcne alarak olaya usta bir \u015fekilde yakla\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn kan\u0131tlar ele al\u0131nmal\u0131 ve \u00f6z anlat\u0131mla konuyu a\u00e7\u0131klamalay\u0131z. Bu \u00f6ncelikle S\u00fcryani sorununun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Suriye ve Filistin\u2019in i\u015fgal edilmesi, insani ve mali fedekarl\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 s\u0131f\u0131ra indirecektir.39<\/a><\/p>\n

Suriye\u201a Kud\u00fcs, Halep, \u015eam, Beyrut gibi zenginlik i\u00e7inde y\u00fczen kentlere sahip, \u00f6l\u00fcleri \u00fcnl\u00fc ve azizlik mertebesine ermi\u015f, bug\u00fcn tasarrufu seven zanaatkar \u00e7ift\u00e7i ve i\u015f\u00e7ileri, pratik bankerleri ile zeki ve temiz t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 eski Fenike\u2019nin faal ve soylu ge\u00e7mi\u015fine sahip bir \u00fclkedir.<\/p>\n

Bu ayn\u0131 zamanda bize, bir zamanlar i\u015fgal etti\u011fimiz bu topraklar\u0131 30 y\u0131ldan beri elinde bulunduran Avusturya, Almanya ve \u0130talya ticaretine kar\u015f\u0131 avantajl\u0131 \u015fekilde m\u00fccadele olana\u011f\u0131 ve 500. 000 s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131y\u0131 bize ba\u011flama avantaj\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yacakt\u0131r. Etki alan\u0131m\u0131zda bulunan Suriye\u2019nin din, co\u011frafya ve denizcilik avantajlar\u0131n\u0131 belirttikten sonra, dinimizi de biraz ekleyerek ad\u0131m\u0131zdan nefret edilmesi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden, m\u00fcttefikleriyle Suriye\u2019de d\u00f6k\u00fclen kanla ikinci defa kutsanan, uzun s\u00fcreden beri b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle Frans\u0131z ruhuna sahip, S\u00fcryani\u2019nin beklentisine yan\u0131t vermek ve kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 tamamen kullanmak istiyorsak, sava\u015faca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ve ger\u00e7ek rakiplerimizin kimler oldu\u011fu bilinmeli ve bunlar\u0131n kim oldu\u011funu Dr. de Brun i\u015faret etmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u201cSars\u0131lmaz bir inan\u00e7la bize ba\u011fl\u0131 olan S\u00fcryaniler\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6revimizi yerine getirmeliyiz\u201c diye hayk\u0131rd\u0131. Konu\u015fmac\u0131 ortaya koydu\u011fu bu sevginin kan\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131k s\u0131k dile getirdi. \u201cSuriye seferine giden askerlerimizin yatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kutsal 1860 Frans\u0131z Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131s\u0131 insan\u0131n kan\u0131n\u0131 titretmektedir.\u201d Kud\u00fcs H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131kan, Arap fatihinin mezar\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u015fatavatla hac\u0131 olduktan sonra, ruhu tamamen M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan, T\u00fcrkleri b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ustal\u0131kla ikna etmek i\u00e7in Suriye\u2019ye gelen II. Guillaume\u2019yi (Alman Kayzer II. Wilhelm), Beyrut\u2019taki so\u011fuk kar\u015f\u0131lama \u201cS\u00fcryaniler\u2019in Fransa ile beraber hareket\u201c ettiklerinin en belirgin ispat\u0131d\u0131r. Bu g\u00fczel an\u0131y\u0131 yazmadan ge\u00e7meyelim.<\/p>\n

Abd\u00fclhamid bir\u015feyler yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve \u015fatavatl\u0131 bir g\u00f6steri d\u00fczenlenmesi emrini verir. Ger\u00e7ekten kortej \u00e7ok \u015fatavatl\u0131 idi; alt\u0131n s\u00fcslemeli devlet memurlar\u0131, g\u00f6z kam\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran s\u00fcslemeleri ile koruma subaylar\u0131, askerler, harem a\u011falar\u0131, her\u015fey tamamd\u0131; ama eksik olan t\u00f6ren alan\u0131ndaki sessizlikti. Buz gibi \u00f6l\u00fcm sessizli\u011fi! Balkonlarda g\u00f6r\u00fclen birka\u00e7 merakl\u0131, birka\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131lan perde ama ne heyecan vard\u0131 ne de canl\u0131l\u0131k! Sessiz kentin \u00fcst\u00fcnde, para kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f yapay bir resmi t\u00f6ren, kayzere kar\u015f\u0131 sanki bir d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k atmosferi olu\u015fturmu\u015ftu. \u0130\u015fte hakl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 teyid etmemiz gereken, a\u00e7\u0131k y\u00fcrekli, cesur, c\u00f6mert ve sad\u0131k L\u00fcbnan, i\u015fte oralarda nas\u0131l sevildi\u011fimiz! Ne yaz\u0131k ki bize olan sevgilerini bug\u00fcn pahal\u0131ya \u00f6demektedirler. Almanya\u2019n\u0131n emriyle hakir g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, hapishanelere at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, al\u00e7akl\u0131\u011f\u0131n her t\u00fcrl\u00fcs\u00fcne maruz kalm\u0131\u015f, Anadolu\u2019nun de\u011fi\u015fik b\u00f6lgelerine s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f dostlar\u0131m\u0131z. \u0130\u015fte Guillaum\u2019un affedilmez bir su\u00e7 i\u015fledi\u011finin, bir halk\u0131 nas\u0131l k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n delili! Bahane yasalarla d\u00fckkanlar ve depolar ya\u011fmalanm\u0131\u015f, besin erzaklar\u0131 talan edilmi\u015f, rekoltelere el konulmu\u015ftur. Halk, Alman subaylarca komuta edilen ba\u015f\u0131bozuk askerlerin keyfiyeti alt\u0131nda al\u0131nan vergiler alt\u0131nda ezilmi\u015ftir. Hi\u00e7bir\u015fey de\u011fi\u015fmemi\u015f, de\u011fi\u015fmiyecektir. Ama ezilen halk bize daha \u00e7ok ba\u011flanacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u015eeref, d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck, incelik\u201c ve minnettarl\u0131kla bizi seven ve yaln\u0131z b\u0131rakmamam\u0131z gereken bu halk, bir Frans\u0131z\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce temelini olu\u015fturan bu kavramlar\u0131n pe\u015finden gitmektedir. Ulusal \u00e7\u0131karlarda oldu\u011fu gibi resmi olarak s\u00f6z, bizi buna mecbur etmektedir. S\u00f6zkonusu olan bu soylu ve hakl\u0131 davan\u0131n y\u0131lmaz savunuculu\u011funa sahip \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Masraflar\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcp azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 kabul eden ya da t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc hak olarak isteyip kabul ederse Fransa, stratejik, diplomatik ve ekonomik t\u00fcm avantajlar\u0131yla birlikte ge\u00e7mi\u015f ku\u015faklar\u0131n ona sundu\u011fu miras\u0131 kabul edecektir. Nihayet karar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 bekleyen Frans\u0131zlar i\u00e7in kurtulu\u015f belgesini haz\u0131rlamak ve t\u00fcm g\u00fc\u00e7leriyle durmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na, dinleyicilerin hep birlikte ant i\u00e7mesinden sonra son olarak \u015funlar eklenmi\u015ftir: \u201cFransa ne yapmas\u0131 gerekiyorsa onu yapacakt\u0131r. Fransa ne bo\u015f inan\u00e7larla ne de al\u0131nan karar\u0131n \u00f6n yarg\u0131s\u0131yla hareket etmiyecektir. Fransa, ya\u015fam\u0131, erdemi, zenginli\u011fi, ac\u0131s\u0131, zaferiyle, M. Leny\u2019nin dedi\u011fi gibi di\u011fer \u00fclkelerden hakk\u0131 daha fazla olan Suriye ve Filistin\u2019i hak olarak istemektedir.\u201c<\/p>\n

\u201cBunun tersini talep etmek, galip Fransa\u2019ya k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclt\u00fcc\u00fc bir \u015fekilde iktidardan vazge\u00e7 demek, ge\u00e7mi\u015fimizin t\u00fcm ihti\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemsememek ve gelece\u011fimizle ilgili geli\u015fmeleri tehlikeye atmak demektir.\u201c<\/p>\n

8<\/b><\/p>\n

Suriye\u2019deki Fransa<\/b><\/p>\n

M. Georges Leygues\u2019in hala ondan bahsederken \u00f6v\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve konferans\u0131ndaki demeciyle ya da daha \u00e7ok Beyrutlu profes\u00f6r\u00fcn belgeyle onaylad\u0131\u011f\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dile getirilen bu akit, Dr. de Brun\u2019un savunmas\u0131nda zekice an\u0131msat\u0131lan daha \u00f6nceki beyanlar\u0131n resmi yorumu olarak ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Ger\u00e7ekten bu, Suriye ve Filistin konusundaki Frans\u0131z hareketinden sonra siyasi, ekonomik ve \u00f6zellikle e\u011fitim hareketine de girmi\u015ftir. \u201cD\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncem, kimsenin Fransa\u2019n\u0131n bize sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 haklara a\u00e7\u0131k \u015fekilde itiraz etmemesi ve Londra B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7imiz M. Gambon ve Sir Edward Grey aras\u0131ndaki uzla\u015fma sonras\u0131 bu haklar\u0131n, D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri bakan\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemde M. Poincare taraf\u0131ndan Y\u00fcksek Senato\u2019da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ciddiyetle teyid edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. 21 Kas\u0131m 1912\u2019deki olayl\u0131 bir konu\u015fmada, M. Poincare bu konu \u00fczerinde bizim ve \u0130ngiliz H\u00fck\u00fcmetinin aras\u0131nda bir ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 beyan etmekten memnunluk duydu\u011funu ifade etmi\u015ftir. Bu b\u00f6lgelerde \u0130ngiliz h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin siyasi hi\u00e7 bir istek ve talebinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da eklemi\u015ftir. Bize gelince, geleneklerimizden hi\u00e7bir \u00f6d\u00fcn vermeyerek, kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z sevgiden vazge\u00e7miyerek, Frans\u0131z ad\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan sald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 koyarak, yurtseverli\u011fimizi t\u00fcm enerjimizle s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye devam edece\u011fiz.\u201c<\/p>\n

1912\u2019de Fransa\u2019n\u0131n parolas\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmemi\u015fti, ancak iki y\u0131l sonra 11 Mart 1914\u2019de Suriye sorunu ile ilgili 1860\u2019tan beri Dr. de Brun\u2019un dedi\u011fi gibi, Fransa\u2019n\u0131n en g\u00f6rkemli resmi belgesi olabilecek, an\u0131lmaya de\u011fer o oturumda; Frans\u0131z politikas\u0131 konusunda M. Georges Leygues Millet Meclisinde ortak oy kullanma fikrini ortaya atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den bo\u015funa ya\u015fama \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc iste\u011finde bulunan \u00d6nasya\u2019daki ezilen uluslar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almak ve Suriye\u2019nin stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc net olarak belirlemek hususunda, Almanya d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda t\u00fcm \u00fclkeler, Do\u011fu Sorunu\u2019nun do\u011furabilece\u011fi sava\u015flara neden olaca\u011f\u0131 kayg\u0131s\u0131yla kesinlikle ihtiyatl\u0131 davranmaktad\u0131rlar. \u201cM. Georges Leyguer\u2019in ifade etti\u011fi gibi biz \u00d6nasya\u2019n\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesini ne istedik ne de \u00f6yle bir istekte bulunduk. T\u00fcrk \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesini erteleyebilirsek, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n daha sonra u\u011fra\u015fmak zorunda kalaca\u011f\u0131 zorluklar\u0131n olmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in de bir \u015fans do\u011fmu\u015f olacak, ama olacaktan ka\u00e7amay\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun kaderi, Almanya\u2019n\u0131n eline ge\u00e7ti\u011finde belli olmu\u015ftu. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00f6l\u00fcm belgesi Berlin\u2019e g\u00f6nderilmi\u015fti…. \u00c7abalar\u0131m\u0131za ra\u011fmen Suriye sorunu devam etmekte ve biz bundan bir ders \u00e7\u0131karmaya mecburuz. Bu Fransa i\u00e7in hayati bir sorundur.\u201c Eski bakan, bize umut ba\u011flayan uluslara kar\u015f\u0131 hak iddialar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n nas\u0131l bir g\u00f6rev ve bu y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyu s\u00fcren etkimizden feragat etmenin de nas\u0131l \u00e7aresizlik oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermekte g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir. Ger\u00e7ekten sorun, hem Suriye hem de H\u0131ristiyanlar i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

\u201cM. Leygues, Suriye\u2019de hi\u00e7bir kenti art\u0131k kolay idare edilemeyecektir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc amac\u0131m\u0131z, onlar\u0131 T\u00fcrk boyunduru\u011fundan kurtard\u0131ktan sonra, kendi ayaklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde durabilecekleri ortam\u0131 temin etmek olacakt\u0131r, demi\u015ftir. Orda ya\u015fayan halk bizden yana oland\u0131r: Yani y\u00fcrekleri ve ruhlar\u0131 bizle olan. Burda ordular\u0131n fethi ve zul\u00fcm yoktur; kredilerle ekonomik yap\u0131lanma, kentlerin imar\u0131, haberle\u015fme a\u011f\u0131, mesleki e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretim olacakt\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte; g\u00fcc\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc a\u015fsa da, beceremiyecek olsak da ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z hareketin ne oldu\u011fu? Uluslar\u0131n \u00e7abalar\u0131 ve harcanan paralar sayesinde Fransa\u2019n\u0131n bu hareketinin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a taraf bulmas\u0131na, Dr. de Brun\u2019un 1915\u2019de okudu\u011fu program\u0131n dinleyiciler taraf\u0131ndan alk\u0131\u015f tufan\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131, program\u0131n onand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren i\u015farettir. Bunun Fransa taraf\u0131ndan onanmas\u0131 S\u00fcryaniler i\u00e7in refah ve mutluluk demektir.<\/p>\n

Eski bakan, bu resmi beyanatlar\u0131n, Do\u011fu Fransa uluslar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcmitleri ve bahts\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek sonucu oldu\u011funu da eklemi\u015ftir. \u201cE\u011fer bana Suriye\u2019de in\u015fa edilmesi gereken siyasi rejimin ne olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini sorarsan\u0131z: Asimilasyon ve ilhaktan uzak rejim olmal\u0131d\u0131r derim; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc daha \u00f6nce verilen haklar\u0131 ve muafiyetleri k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcltmek ve daraltmak yerine geni\u015fleten, bayra\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n g\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015f\u0131yacak uluslar\u0131n isteklerine yan\u0131t verecek, y\u00f6netimde en geni\u015f anlamda birlik olu\u015fturacak, \u00fclke de\u011ferlerine uygun, herkesin inan\u00e7 ve t\u00f6resine sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterecek, bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, adaleti ve refah\u0131 maksimum d\u00fczeyde temin edecek rejim olmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201c<\/p>\n

Uzun deneyimler sonucu, iyiliklerle tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran etkinli\u011fimizi hat\u0131rlayan uluslardan hangisi ku\u015fkuya d\u00fc\u015fer ve bu deklerasyonun \u00f6nemini yads\u0131yabilir? Eski T\u00fcrk \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019ndaki di\u011fer uluslardan daha fazla, Do\u011fu Fransa ad\u0131n\u0131 onore eden Suriye, bayra\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 sevecek, di\u011fer Frans\u0131zlar\u2019la uyum i\u00e7inde olacakt\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu uluslar uzun y\u0131llar ac\u0131 \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir ve kurtulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n bedeli kand\u0131r. Mutlu ve bahtiyar olacaklar\u0131 g\u00fcn yak\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

9<\/b><\/p>\n

Ekler<\/b><\/p>\n

1706, 1707, 1708 ve 1709 y\u0131llar\u0131nda majestelerinin \u00f6zel el\u00e7isi s\u0131fat\u0131yla say\u0131n Michel\u2019in \u0130ran\u2019a yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yolculu\u011fun an\u0131lar\u0131…\u00a0 Bir\u00e7ok ilgin\u00e7 \u00f6rne\u011fi te\u015fkil eden b\u00fcy\u00fck el\u00e7i Fabre\u2019nin hayalperest maceralar\u0131, misyonu \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde bu ilgin\u00e7 uygulamalar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fc etkinliklerini d\u00fczeltmek i\u00e7in g\u00f6nderilen Lille\u2019li say\u0131n Michel\u2019in40<\/a>\u00a0kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131lar. \u0130ran yolculu\u011fu \u00fczerine say\u0131n Michel\u2019in an\u0131lar\u0131: \u00bbBas\u0131l\u0131 olarak \u0130ran an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek olanakl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Burda ne ba\u015f\u0131mdan ge\u00e7en maceralar\u0131 ne de g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm yerlerin durumunu yazaca\u011f\u0131m. Ama bunun yan\u0131nda \u0130ran\u2019daki hem siyasi, hem ticari hem de dini yap\u0131 konusunda kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m b\u00fct\u00fcn olgular\u0131n ve Frans\u0131z Saray\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmdeki g\u00f6revimle ilgili verdi\u011fim hesab\u0131n ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 aktaraca\u011f\u0131m.<\/p>\n

\u201cKral\u0131n i\u015fleri i\u00e7in \u0130stanbul B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isinin bulundu\u011fu\u00a0 saraya gitmemi emreden Prens Racoery taraf\u0131ndan buraya g\u00f6nderildi\u011fimde, majestelerinin \u0130ran\u2019a ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc el\u00e7i olarak M. Fabre\u2019i atad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frendim.41<\/a>\u00a0Saraya geldi\u011fimde; en uzak \u00fclkelerde Katolik mezhebinin geli\u015fmesi ve b\u00fcy\u00fck sava\u015flarda harcanan korkun\u00e7 paralar\u0131n bu b\u00fcy\u00fck h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n yan\u0131nda hi\u00e7 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcm.<\/p>\n

M. Fabre \u00f6nce \u0130ran\u2019a ge\u00e7meyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Halep\u2019e gitti; kendisinin ilgin\u00e7 davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 T\u00fcrkler \u00fczerinde endi\u015fe uyand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu nedenle \u0130ran el\u00e7isini kendisi ile gelmesi konusunda ikna etmesi i\u00e7in \u0130stanbul\u2019da 7 ya da 8 ay beklemek zorunda kald\u0131. Burada M. Fabre\u2019\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fi yerlerde neden oldu\u011fu skandallar\u0131 da belirtmeliyim. Hatta an\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131n ilerleyen sayfalar\u0131nda g\u00f6rece\u011finiz gibi; onuruna kaybetmi\u015f bir kad\u0131n\u0131, Fransa\u2019ya getirmek gibi, Frans\u0131z ulusuna yap\u0131lan bir haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa da neden olmu\u015ftur.\u00bb42<\/a><\/p>\n

Say\u0131n Michel ayr\u0131ca, M. Fabre ve Marie Petit\u2019in \u0130ran B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011findeki ilgin\u00e7 olaylar\u0131n\u0131 da kaleme alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00bbM. Fabre, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra, o\u011flunun kendi yerine ge\u00e7mesini \u00f6\u011f\u00fctler. Ama H. Fabre\u2019nin \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerden birka\u00e7 mil uzakta bulunan Cizvit rahip R. P. Mosnier Frans\u0131z Misyonunun i\u015flerini \u00fcstlenir ve Babil piskoposu Aziz Olon\u2019lu M. Pidou gibi bir halefin oldu\u011funu bildirir.43<\/a><\/p>\n

Erivan Han\u0131\u2019n\u0131n deste\u011fiyle, herkesi hatta misyonerleri bile engellemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Fabre\u2019nin dul kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n entrikalar\u0131ndan Ferriol Markisi\u2019nin haberi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00bbFrans\u0131z saray\u0131na ula\u015facak yan\u0131t i\u00e7in ge\u00e7ecek s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde M. Fabre\u2019nin ve Kral\u0131n hediyelerinin kaybolmas\u0131ndan korkuldu\u011fundan, ve kendisi 70\u2019in \u00fcst\u00fcnde olan Babil piskoposunun M. Fabre\u2019nin halefli\u011fini kabul etmemesi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden benim \u0130ran\u2019a gitmem istenmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Bir \u00e7evirmen, bir yeni\u00e7eri ve iki u\u015fakla birlikte \u0130stanbul\u2019dan ayr\u0131ld\u0131m ve 30 g\u00fcnde Erzurum yak\u0131nlar\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131k.\u00bb<\/p>\n

Hareketli ve tehlikeli bu yolculuktaki olaylar bir yana, b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7inin kitab\u0131ndaki en ilgin\u00e7 olay; Kapu\u00e7in Frans\u0131z misyonerlerden bir ba\u015frahiple, Tebriz ve Nar\u015fevan\u2019da P. Mosnier ile s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 ge\u00e7mekte kendisine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak P. Ricard ile Erzurum\u2019da kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Bayan Petit ile ilgili merak\u0131n\u0131 Tebriz\u2019de giderdikten sonra, Frans\u0131z heyeti Sofi\u2019ye ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in yola koyulur.<\/p>\n

\u201cGitmek i\u00e7in her\u015fey haz\u0131r oldu\u011funda, Tebriz\u2019den ayr\u0131ld\u0131m ve \u0130ran kral\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Terran\u00a0(sic)<\/b>\u00a0yolu \u00fczerinde bulunan Karbin\u2019e do\u011fru yola koyuldum. Mevsim k\u0131\u015ft\u0131; yerde \u00fc\u00e7 adam boyunda kar ve korkun\u00e7da bir so\u011fuk vard\u0131.\u201c<\/p>\n

Say\u0131n Michel Erivan\u2019a gelip, Marie Petit\u2019i \u0130ran\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, tarih 8 Temmuz 1707\u2019ydi. \u015eimdi de Erivan\u2019a bir saat uzakl\u0131ktaki Kanakiyer Ermeni k\u00f6y\u00fcnde yaz\u0131n s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 dayanmak zorundayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

15 Temmuzda oradayd\u0131m diye yazar, Ermeni rahipler ha\u00e7 ve bayraklar ellerinde, c\u00fcbbelerini giyinmi\u015f olarak beni kar\u015f\u0131lamaya gelmi\u015flerdi ve \u00e7an sesleriyle k\u00f6ye girdim. Kendilerini memnun etmek i\u00e7in \u00f6nce kiliseye gittim. Kilisede bana \u0130ncil\u2019i \u00f6pt\u00fcrtt\u00fcler. Onlara te\u015fekk\u00fcr ettim ve imparator efendinin H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve Katolik inanc\u0131n\u0131n tek yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funu, kendi hatalar\u0131yla \u0130ranl\u0131lar\u2019\u0131n esiri olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ve beni dinledikleri takdirde kendilerine daha mutlu bir ya\u015fam sa\u011fl\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00f6yledim. Bana kendilerinin \u0130ranl\u0131lar\u2019\u0131n esiri oldu\u011funun do\u011fru te\u015fhis oldu\u011funu ve kendileri i\u00e7in bir\u015feyler yapmak istedi\u011fim takdirde patriklerine ba\u015fvurmam\u0131 s\u00f6ylediler.<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7i, Haugeli Peder Basil, yal\u0131n-ayakl\u0131 Karme taraf\u0131ndan 15 ve 17 Ekim 1707 tarihlerinde Zulfa ve \u0130sfahan\u2019da ele ge\u00e7en mektuplar\u0131 da notlar\u0131na eklemi\u015ftir. Sofi\u2019nin saray\u0131na onurla kabul edilece\u011fi haberini al\u0131r. \u201cAmac\u0131m\u0131z, dinin hay\u0131rl\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 elde etmek oldu\u011fundan, ilahi takdirin, b\u00fct\u00fcn niyetlerimizi kutsayaca\u011f\u0131 ve bu yolda yard\u0131mc\u0131m\u0131z olaca\u011f\u0131 inanc\u0131nday\u0131z. Kas\u0131m ay\u0131 i\u00e7indeyiz ve burada kral\u0131 beklemekteyiz.\u201c<\/p>\n

25 Kas\u0131mda, P. Villotte, Zulfa\u2019dan P. Mosnier ve P. Langlade\u2019nin misyonerlerin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve tutumlar\u0131n\u0131 kendisine anlatan bir mektup yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu mektupta el\u00e7inin \u00e7ok zor ko\u015fullarda yolculuk etti\u011fine tan\u0131kl\u0131k eden bir misyoner anlat\u0131m\u0131 da mevcuttur. Say\u0131n Michel 13 May\u0131s 1708\u2019de \u201ct\u00fcm Frans\u0131z ve di\u011fer misyonerleri ziyaret\u201c etti\u011fi \u0130sfahan\u2019a bir mil uzakl\u0131ktaki Tok\u015fi\u2019ye ancak ula\u015f\u0131r. 7 Haziranda huzura kabul edilir ve Sofi\u2019ye g\u00f6nderilen hediyeler listesini i\u00e7eren uzun bir konu\u015fma yapar, Aziz Charles P. Basil taraf\u0131ndan Fars\u00e7a\u2019ya \u00e7evrilen Pierre Victor Michel\u2019in katk\u0131lar\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen Fransa kral\u0131 ve \u0130ran kral\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki antla\u015fma bu an\u0131larda belirtilmi\u015ftir. Antla\u015fma 29 maddeden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

22 Eyl\u00fcl, anavekil Bach\u2019\u0131n kendisine Ragam\u2019\u0131 verdi\u011fini de say\u0131n Michel eklemi\u015ftir.44<\/a>\u00a0Bu anlat\u0131mlar, \u0130ran\u2019daki kapit\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n misyoner \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fini 17. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren nas\u0131l g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

XVII. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n Sonunda \u0130ran Misyonu<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0130ran yolculu\u011fu \u00fczerine say\u0131n Michel\u2019in kitab\u0131na ek olarak, Piskopos Awgin Yacqub Manna (Evgin Yakup Menne)\u2019n\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla Michel\u2019in \u201cAn\u0131\u201c el yazmas\u0131 kitap\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki \u00f6rnekler kadar ender olan bir kitap\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan haberdar oldum. \u00c7ok uzun bir ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kitap\u00e7\u0131k 68 sayfadan olu\u015fmaktayd\u0131: Siyasi ve bir\u00e7ok kayda de\u011fer olaylar\u0131, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik kollar\u0131 ve kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc mezhepleri, Do\u011fu\u2019nun b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde dinin durumunun ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130ran anlat\u0131s\u0131, Mons\u00f6ny\u00f6r Angers piskoposuna vakfedilmi\u015f ve M. de la Forest de Bourgon taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kendisine vakfedilen Mons\u00f6ny\u00f6r Poncet de la Rivier\u2019in piskopos olmadan \u00f6nce Aziz Fran\u00e7ois de Sales gibi Chablais\u2019de gen\u00e7li\u011fi s\u0131ralar\u0131nda misyoner oldu\u011fu (Nantes ferman\u0131yla 1685\u2019de azledildi\u011fi) ve Angers do\u011fumlu Babil Piskoposlu\u011fu yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n onun piskoposu oldu\u011fu, \u00f6zellikle giri\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yazar\u0131n, \u201c\u0130ran heyeti\u201c ile ilgili al\u0131nt\u0131lar yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131, Angers Semineri Ruhban Okulu\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ve kendini Tarih ve Co\u011frafya\u2019ya veren M. de la Forest de Bourgon\u2019un Ermeni Tarihi\u2019ni yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da \u00f6\u011freniyoruz.<\/p>\n

Ama bu kitap\u00e7\u0131k, 28 Ocak 1701 tarihli\u00a0Surath<\/i><\/b>\u00a0(Do\u011fu S\u00fcryanice, Kildanice)\u2019\u0131n bir mektubu ve marjinal notlar eklenerek yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201cMektupta s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen kentler Babil Piskoposlu\u011fu ruhbanl\u0131k yarg\u0131s\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fundan\u201c bu merkezlerdeki piskoposlar\u0131n tarih s\u0131ras\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00f6zge\u00e7mi\u015fleri eklenmesi uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Yazar\u0131n marjinal eklemeleri, parantez aralar\u0131na koyarak ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m pasajlar, bu kronolojik \u00f6zete aittir. Uzun bir giri\u015f i\u00e7inde misyonerin mektubunun yokolmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in yay\u0131mc\u0131 iki komposizyonu sona koymu\u015ftur<\/p>\n

\u0130mzas\u0131z bir mektup 6 y\u0131l boyunca \u0130ran\u2019\u0131 gezen bir misyonere aittir. Kopya edilmesi \u00e7ok zor olan bu mektup \u201cErmeniler, S\u00fcryaniler (Yakubiler) ve Nasturiler gibi Do\u011fu\u2019nun en eski \u00fc\u00e7 mezhebi\u201c konusunda verilen bilgiler nedeniyle \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmelidir. Yazar, Musul\u2019a bir g\u00fcnl\u00fck yoldaki Eleos\u2019da (Nahum peygamberin \u00fclkesi) bulunan Nasturi patri\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok serttir. (Musul, eski Ninova der M. de la Forest ve her yerde Musul\u2019u b\u00f6yle anar) \u201cK\u00fcrt beylerinin deste\u011fi ile ayakta duruyor ve ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyordu.\u201c Diyarbak\u0131r Nasturi ba\u015fpiskoposunun 2000 ki\u015fiyle birlikte Katolik oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler. Ewtixes (Eutyches) sapk\u0131n mezhebinin \u00f6\u011fretisini veren \u201cYakubi S\u00fcryaniler hakk\u0131nda bat\u0131l inan\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve temel hatalar\u0131n\u0131 betimlemi\u015f ve \u201cYal\u0131n-ayakl\u0131 Karme, Peder Eliya ve Cizvit Peder Bouchar\u2019\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla Babil Piskoposunun elleri aras\u0131nda, mezhepten d\u00f6nmeler g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve piskoposlardan birinin sorguya \u00e7ekildi\u011fini de bildirmi\u015ftir. Antakya Patri\u011fi olarak bilinen ve Roma\u2019ya kabul edilen Mar Tombros Patri\u011fi\u2019nin (S\u00fcryani inanc\u0131) din de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ermeniler konusunda, Aziz Tade (Thadee) taraf\u0131ndan kutsanan Kral\u00a0 Abiyas (Abias)\u2019\u0131n Urhoy (Urfa)\u2019da vaftizini ve mezhebini de\u011fi\u015ftirmesine de\u011finmi\u015f ve ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131 Aziz Grigor\u2019un harika hikayesini anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mor Yuhanun Macm\u00ebdono<\/i>\u00a0(Vaftizci Aziz Yuhanna, Yahya) H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n veya Sabi mezhebinin bilin\u00e7sizlikten do\u011fdu\u011funu, onlar i\u00e7in Mesih\u2019in Yahya, \u0130sa Mesih\u2019in ise onun naibi oldu\u011fu, inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ise yaln\u0131zca kendilerini M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u2019dan ay\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u015farap i\u00e7ip, domuz eti yemekten ibaretti, der.<\/p>\n

Yezidi veya Gesidi ba\u011fnazlar\u0131 iyi ve k\u00f6t\u00fc olmak \u00fczere iki ilke \u00fczerinde duruyor \u201c \u0130ranl\u0131lar onlar\u0131 Oherag Ko\u0161\u201c yani\u00a0\u2018mum s\u00f6nd\u00fcren\u2018<\/i><\/b>\u00a0olarak \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131yorlard\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc toplant\u0131lar\u0131nda t\u00fcm \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcyor ve karga\u015fa yarat\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Misyoner, ba\u015fkentleri beylerinin oturdu\u011fu Medya (Medie) olan K\u00fcrtler\u2019den ise \u201cBunlar Medler\u2019in torunlar\u0131 olup, onlar\u0131n t\u00fcm ac\u0131mas\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131\u201c diye bahseder. T\u00fcm kom\u015fular\u0131n\u0131n nefret etti\u011fi ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019de K\u00fcrt anlam\u0131na gelen K\u00fcrt diye \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131yorlard\u0131. Asya\u2019n\u0131n en tehlikeli ve ac\u0131mas\u0131z h\u0131rs\u0131zlar\u0131 olup, soymak istediklerini \u00f6ld\u00fcrerek i\u015fe ba\u015fl\u0131yorlard\u0131.45<\/a>\u00a0Bundan sonra misyoner, Nemrut Da\u011f\u0131 ve Musul\u2019a yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 15 g\u00fcnl\u00fck yolculu\u011funda Kutsal Kitab\u2019a ait an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ve bu konuda yazar yaz\u0131n\u0131n kenar\u0131na \u015funu eklemi\u015ftir: \u201cAngevin soylusu, M. de la Boulaye le Goux yolculuklar\u0131 kitab\u0131nda ondan al\u0131nt\u0131lar alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201c Misyonerden al\u0131nt\u0131lara devam edelim:<\/p>\n

\u201cGe\u00e7en y\u0131l Julfa piskoposu taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6nderilen 2 Ermeni piskopos ile B\u00fcy\u00fck Mo\u011fol ve \u0130ran kral\u0131n\u0131n nezdindeki Do\u011fu \u0130mparatoru\u2019nun ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc el\u00e7isi ve Papa el\u00e7isi M. Ancyre Piskoposu \u00f6n\u00fcnde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m konu\u015fman\u0131n metnini ruhban okuluna g\u00f6nderdim. Annatat\u00f6re (notlar yazan) g\u00f6re bu metin 1702 y\u0131l\u0131nda Paris\u2019te bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup, kitab\u0131n o kadar \u00f6nemli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ama T\u00fcrk ve \u0130ran rejimi alt\u0131nda inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 korumak u\u011fruna Ermeniler\u2019in metanetleri konusunda misyonerlerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini i\u00e7ermesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Do\u011funun t\u00fcm kiliselerinden en fazla bedel \u00f6d\u00fcyen Ermeni Kilisesi\u2019dir, diyebilirim; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc M\u00fcsl\u00fcman halkla i\u00e7i\u00e7e ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar. \u0130ran\u2019da \u00f6yle ac\u0131mas\u0131z yasaya maruz kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r ki, Tanr\u0131n\u0131n mucizesi olmasayd\u0131 metanetleri \u015fimdiye kadar bin kez yokolmu\u015ftu. Bu yasalardan ilki, dinini de\u011fi\u015ftiren ki\u015fiye; anne ve babas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra kalan mallar\u0131 elde etme hakk\u0131 tan\u0131yordu.\u201c<\/p>\n

Misyoner \u015fahit oldu\u011fu acaip \u00f6rnekleri \u015f\u00f6yle anlatmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0130ran\u2019da Ermeniler\u2019i k\u00f6le durumuna d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren ikinci zorba yasa ise, Sofi\u2019nin ho\u015funa gitmesi halinde Ermeni k\u0131z ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n elde edilmesi hakk\u0131yd\u0131.\u201c<\/p>\n

\u0130ran\u2019da kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 6 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde, kentlerde Sofi\u2019nin kendinden olmayan insanlara kar\u015f\u0131 tutumunu da g\u00f6stermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7ta \u00e7ektikleri ac\u0131lar\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u201cFrenkler\u201c olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan Roma ulusu sayesinde \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe kavu\u015facaklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nceden haber veren Aziz patrikleri B\u00fcy\u00fck Narse\u2019nin kehanetlerinin sayesinde, Ermeni ulusuna destek olan sebatkar umutlar\u0131\u201c \u00fczerinde de durur.<\/p>\n

1639\u2019da Sofi\u2019nin hakimiyetine giren G\u00fcrcistan halklar\u0131 ve Georgiens s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczerinde durur; bunu bilin\u00e7siz inan\u00e7 olarak anlat\u0131r. Misyoner yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Ancyre ba\u015fpiskoposunun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn yola\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015flerin yo\u011funlu\u011funa ba\u011flayarak son verir ve gelecek i\u00e7in di\u011fer ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00f6nderme s\u00f6z\u00fc vererek mektubunu keser.<\/p>\n

Bu ilk yaz\u0131n\u0131n edit\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn, ilk k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kitap\u00e7\u0131kla yetinmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 izlenimi vermektedir. Saliq\/Selewkiya ve Babil kentleri \u00fczerine bilimsel yaz\u0131s\u0131nda herhangi bir ekleme ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Babil Frans\u0131z Piskoposunun Kronolojik \u00d6zeti<\/b><\/p>\n

Bu \u00fcnvan alt\u0131nda bilinen Babil veya Saliq\/Selewkiya\u2019n\u0131n eski piskoposlar\u0131ndan burada bahsetmek istemiyorum. Bunlardan ilki bilimadamlar\u0131na g\u00f6re, Aziz Pavlos taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulmu\u015f ve halefi olmak i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle Do\u011fu\u2019da Konstantinopel Patrikli\u011fi, Kud\u00fcs Piskoposlu\u011fu ve di\u011fer \u00fcnvan ve imtiyazlara sahip olmak gerekiyordu.46<\/a><\/p>\n

Bu \u00f6zette, Papa VIII. Urbain\u2019in vekaletini, Frans\u0131z ulusunun vermesinden itibaren yaln\u0131zca bu kiliseyi y\u00f6neten ve y\u00f6netmi\u015f y\u00fcksek dereceli dinadamlar\u0131 s\u00f6z sahibi olmu\u015ftur. \u00d6nceki yaz\u0131tta bahsedilen t\u00fcm kentler \u0130ran\u2019daki47<\/a>\u00a0y\u00fcksek dinadamlar\u0131, Babil Patriklik niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan Babil eski piskoposlar\u0131n\u0131n dinsel buyru\u011fu alt\u0131ndayd\u0131lar ve vak\u0131f gelirinin M. M. E. Ricouard adl\u0131 soylu bir Frans\u0131z kad\u0131na verilmesi sonucu, bu \u00fcnl\u00fc merkezler koyu H\u0131ristiyan majestelerinin atad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksek dinadamlar\u0131nca rezerve edildi\u011finden, 1638 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu hakimiyet Babil Latin piskoposlar\u0131n\u0131n eline ge\u00e7ti. Babil\u2019in ilk Frans\u0131z piskoposu yal\u0131n-ayakl\u0131 ruhban R.P. Bernard de Saint-Therese idi. Bu y\u00fcksek dinadam\u0131, Papa VIII. Urbain\u2019n\u0131n buyru\u011funu Roma\u2019da ald\u0131ktan sonra, Fransa\u2019ya d\u00f6ner ve Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019ndaki ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc el\u00e7isi M. de La Haye Ventelette\u2019i \u0130stanbul\u2019a g\u00f6t\u00fcren48<\/a>\u00a0gemiyle, 10 Temmuz 1639 tarihinde Marsilya\u2019dan ayr\u0131l\u0131r ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir konu\u015fma yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019\u0131 gezdikten sonra \u0130ran \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun ba\u015fkenti olan \u0130sfahan\u2019a yerle\u015fir.49<\/a>\u00a0Daha sonra Fransa\u2019ya d\u00f6ner ve yabanc\u0131 Misyonlar\u0131 Ruhban Okulu\u2019nu kurar, 1664 y\u0131l\u0131nda Babil Piskoposlu\u011fu\u2019nda kendisine halef olarak Benediktin misyonuna ba\u011fl\u0131 Messine de Chemin\u2019e yard\u0131mc\u0131 bir ruhban olma talebinde bulunur.<\/p>\n

Bu y\u00fcksek dinadam\u0131 \u0130ran\u2019a d\u00f6nmez; Hamadan\u2019da cennetlik olarak \u00f6len ve Mareri\u2019nin Kayseri piskoposu olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 M. L\u2019Abbe Piquet\u2019nin (Lyon\u2019da do\u011fmu\u015f ve Halep\u2019e konsolos olmu\u015ftur) halefi olur.<\/p>\n

Polonya Ermeniler Birli\u011fi i\u00e7in 20 y\u0131ldan daha fazla bir s\u00fcre ba\u015far\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, Roma\u2019da \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00fcn kazanan ve Monseny\u00f6r Piquet ile ayn\u0131 \u00e7izgide bulunan Messire Louis-Marie Pidou, Aziz Olon \u015fimdi Babil piskoposudur.50<\/a><\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7en Ekim ay\u0131nda Versailles\u2019a gelen bir ruhban, \u0130ran kral\u0131ndan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yan\u0131tlar\u0131, Monseny\u00f6r Aziz Olon sayesinde yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1707 y\u0131l\u0131nda Monseny\u00f6r de Saint-Olon 40 y\u0131l\u0131n verdi\u011fi yorgunluk nedeniyle halefi olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Saint-Martin de Tours\u2019un b\u00fcy\u00fck yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 ve Sorbonne \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde doktor olan M. Galiczon\u2019u Roma\u2019ya \u00f6nerir. Papa ona Romanya ya da Trakya\u2019de, Agathople piskoposlu\u011fu \u00fcnvan\u0131 verir. 1708 y\u0131l\u0131nda kutsan\u0131r ve Babil\u2019e gitmek \u00fczere Paris\u2019ten ayr\u0131l\u0131r. 3 Kas\u0131m 1708 tarihli\u00a0La Gazetta de France<\/i>\u00a0\u015f\u00f6yle yazar \u201c28 Ekim Saint-Martin\u2019de Tours Kilisesi yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131, Sorbonne \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde doktor olan rahip Galliczon,51<\/a>\u00a0Babil yard\u0131mc\u0131 ruhbanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve Agathopolis piskoposlu\u011funa atanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201c (No. 44, s. 528) Majesteleri ve Papa\u2019n\u0131n atad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu yeni ve \u00fcst\u00fcn dinadam\u0131ndan size gururla bahsetmekteyim.<\/p>\n

Eski ad\u0131 Babel\/Bob\u00ebl (Babil) olan, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ad\u0131yla Bu\u011fd\u00ebd (Ba\u011fdat)\u2019\u0131n ayn\u0131 yer olup olmamas\u0131n\u0131n, co\u011frafyac\u0131lar aras\u0131nda bir sorun oldu\u011funu belirtmek zorunday\u0131m. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 hala eski ad\u0131 kullanmaktad\u0131rlar. Otoritesi kabul edilen Dr. Mr. Bochart, Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yerin eski Saliq\/Selewkiye oldu\u011fu sav\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu iki kente Dicle k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda kurulmu\u015f olup, Babil olarak bilinen bu kentin 54 km uzakl\u0131kta, Nikanor taraf\u0131ndan Babil kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 Saliq\/Selewkiye\u2019de bulunmu\u015ftur. \u0130kisinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcy\u00fc kutsayaca\u011f\u0131, Do\u011fu Misyonu\u2019nun \u00fc\u00e7 piskoposunu g\u00f6rme merak\u0131 ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da kutsanacak ki\u015fi olmas\u0131 bir\u00e7ok ki\u015finin ilgisini \u00e7ekmi\u015f. Noailles kardinali, Monseny\u00f6r Cardinale d\u2019Estrees\u2019nin de haz\u0131r bulundu\u011fu bu y\u00fcksek dinadamlar\u0131 onuruna bir ak\u015fam yeme\u011fi verdi. Yemek sonras\u0131, Do\u011fu Misyonlar\u0131n\u0131n durumu hakk\u0131nda konu\u015fmalar yap\u0131ld\u0131. Conon piskoposu etkili bir konu\u015fma yaparak orada bulunanlar\u0131n hepsinin memnuniyetini kazanm\u0131\u015f ve bu b\u00fcy\u00fck dinadam\u0131 hesap vermek i\u00e7in Roma\u2019ya gidece\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

1709 y\u0131l\u0131nda Aral\u0131k ay\u0131 i\u00e7inde Mercure Galant bize a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki detaylar\u0131 vermektedir<\/b><\/p>\n

\u201cSize s\u0131k s\u0131k bahsetti\u011fim, kraliyet taraf\u0131ndan \u0130ran\u2019a g\u00f6nderilen M. Michel, bu b\u00fcy\u00fck yolculuktan d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f, Versailles Saray\u0131\u2019nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u015ferefle kral\u0131 selamlam\u0131\u015f ve kral yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hizmetlerden dolay\u0131 \u00e7ok memnun kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Heyet, \u00e7ok de\u011ferli kuma\u015flar ve insan\u0131 hayrete d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren de\u011ferli e\u015fyalar sunmu\u015ftur. Heyet hayvan koleksiyonu yap\u0131lan \u0130ran\u2019dan kediler de getirmi\u015ftir. Fransa\u2019dakilere benziyorlard\u0131, ama t\u00fcyleri 10 kat\u0131 daha uzundu. Sofi\u2019nin hediyesi ise \u00fc\u00e7 ayak uzunlu\u011funda ve bir ayak eninde bir torba ve m\u00fckemmel bir hal\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Heyetin \u0130ran\u2019da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 antla\u015fma ve kap\u00fct\u00fclasyon, tam \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckle Katolik\u011fi bu u\u00e7suz bucaks\u0131z imparatorluk i\u00e7inde s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilecek misyonerler ve \u00f6zellikle Frans\u0131z ulusu i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck avantajlar sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M. Michel\u2019in \u0130ran\u2019daki tutumu ve g\u00f6revi s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki bilgeli\u011fi ve ihtiyat\u0131 konusunda sergiledi\u011fi davran\u0131\u015f herkesin takdirini kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ortado\u011fu\u2019da Cizvitler\u2019in sahip oldu\u011fu misyonlar\u0131n vekili Peder Fleuria, Paris\u2019deki Cizvit pederlerin kilisesinde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck perhizin son pazar g\u00fcn\u00fc, her y\u0131l yap\u0131lan Ortado\u011fu misyonlar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck t\u00f6renini 24 Kas\u0131m pazar g\u00fcn\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Majestelerinin deste\u011fiyle Louis le Grand Koleji\u2019nde52<\/a>\u00a0okuyan Ermeniler ve Madural\u0131 bir Hintli geleneksel giysileriyle t\u00f6rene i\u015ftirak ettiler ve Mons\u00f6ny\u00f6r Agathapolis piskoposu Papa\u2019y\u0131 temsilen kat\u0131ld\u0131. Kendini misyonlardaki u\u011fra\u015fa ad\u0131yan canlar i\u00e7in, yemekten sonra Peder Canapville \u00e7ok g\u00fczel bir vaaz verdi… Gen\u00e7 Ermeniler\u2019den \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc \u00fclkelerine d\u00f6nmek i\u00e7in, daha sonra ayr\u0131lmak zorunda kald\u0131lar.\u201c<\/p>\n

L\u00fcbnan Marunileri Hakk\u0131nda Cremieux\u2019\u00fcn S\u00f6ylevi<\/b><\/p>\n

\u201cMoniteur Universel\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan 3 Haziran 1847 tarihli Millet Meclisi\u2019ndeki oturumun \u00f6zeti, 70 y\u0131l sonra gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Maruniler ve D\u00fcrziler ile ilgili iki ba\u015fvuru konusunda raport\u00f6r M. Paul Daru dilek\u00e7elerin53<\/a>\u00a0D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6nderilmesi karar\u0131na varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Guizot yeni ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar i\u00e7in s\u00fcre talep etmi\u015f, ama M.M. de Quatrebarbes ve de Malville\u2019nin bask\u0131lar\u0131yla raport\u00f6r\u00fcn karar\u0131 benimsenmemi\u015ftir. Muhalefet yapan bu taraf T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin korkulacak bir \u015fey olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tezini savunuyorlard\u0131. Bir konu\u015fmada: \u201cFikrimi iki s\u00f6zc\u00fckle \u00f6zetliyorum; Suriye\u2019den d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmde, yani 8 y\u0131l \u00f6nce bunu belirttim: en do\u011fru \u015feyi yapaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131za inan\u0131yorum, bu, Osmanl\u0131 idaresine H\u0131ristiyan halklar\u0131n kendisi i\u00e7in tehlike olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve H\u0131ristiyan halklar\u0131 da Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n bir canavar olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ikna etmektir.\u201c Merkez Parti\u2019nin tasar\u0131s\u0131 kabul edilir ve bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak konu\u015fmas\u0131 gereken M. Cremieux m\u00fcdahele eder. 4 Temmuz 1847 Moniteur\u2019den aktar\u0131yorum: \u201cOnu inkar ediyorum, \u015ferefli raport\u00f6r taraf\u0131ndan sunulan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler \u00e7ok iyi takdim edildi ve ald\u0131klar\u0131 karar duygusal nitelikteyse…. (farkl\u0131 hareketler) kesildi.\u201c<\/p>\n

M. d\u2019Haubersart<\/b><\/p>\n

M. Cremieux … M. d\u2019Haubersart\u2019\u0131n ifade etti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye yan\u0131t verece\u011fim; konu\u015fmama ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce anlayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z s\u00f6zlerimin kesilmemesini rica ediyorum (g\u00fcl\u00fc\u015fmeler olur).\u00a0\u015eunu demek istiyorum: D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerin ifadesi usul\u00fcn\u00fc onaylayanlarla hemfikirim, ama temel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini onaylayanlarla \u00e7ok uza\u011f\u0131m. Nedeni \u00e7ok basit; bu mecliste, bir partinin onay\u0131n\u0131 alan konu\u015fmalar \u00fczerinde bir an d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek isterseniz, kolayca ac\u0131nacak bir sonucu g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz. \u015eu s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri duydum: \u2018L\u00fcbnan\u2019daki H\u0131ristiyan halk i\u00e7in Korumam\u0131z bir korku yaratacakt\u0131r.\u2018 \u0130\u015fte duydu\u011fum \u015fey; tamam, benim de g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm bu \u00fclkelerdeki Korumam\u0131z yaln\u0131zca L\u00fcbnan\u2019daki H\u0131ristiyan halklar\u0131 Fransa\u2019ya ba\u011flamak de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda Do\u011fu ile sahip oldu\u011fumuz \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ba\u011flarla bu halklar\u0131 Korumam\u0131z olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130nan\u0131n\u0131z ki, eski anla\u015fmalardan do\u011fan bu Koruma, Fransa\u2019n\u0131n 1840\u2019dan beri Do\u011fu\u2019da s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de peki\u015ftirecektir.\u00a0Evet \u015fu anda bile Do\u011fu\u2019nun her b\u00f6lgesinde Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Korumas\u0131na ba\u015fvurulmaktad\u0131r. Do\u011fu\u2019da gezide bulundu\u011fum s\u0131rada; bu Korumadan nas\u0131l sayg\u0131yla bahsedildi\u011fini, Hiristiyanlar\u2019\u0131n durmaks\u0131z\u0131n Fransa\u2019ya, yard\u0131m edilmesi i\u00e7in talepte bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Fransa y\u00fcksek sesle konu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Korumas\u0131, y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyu etkinli\u011fiyle varolmu\u015f ve L\u00fcbnan\u2019daki H\u0131ristiyanlar\u2019\u0131n tek Korumas\u0131 olmu\u015ftur, diyebilirim. 1840\u2019taki olaylar, Frans\u0131z etkinli\u011fine en k\u00f6t\u00fc darbeyi vurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Onu canland\u0131rmak olanakl\u0131d\u0131r, ama i\u00e7tenlikle istemekle olur. Evet beyler, Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019ne girmek i\u00e7in 29 Ekimde Bakanl\u0131k, tamam\u0131 Fransa\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 olan en i\u011fren\u00e7 onay\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015ftir. Ve bu andan itibaren L\u00fcbnan\u2019daki Korumam\u0131z i\u00e7in, \u00f6l\u00fc bir duruma gelmi\u015ftir diyebiliriz. Nas\u0131l? L\u00fcbnan\u2019da ne olup bitti\u011fine aktif olarak taraf olmal\u0131y\u0131z! 1840\u2019tan sonra, 1841 y\u0131l\u0131nda baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bizi daha iyi bir gelecek vaadiyle oyalad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlad\u0131m; ama 1842, 1844, 1845, 1846 olaylar\u0131ndan sonra, burada \u015funlar\u0131 duydunuz! L\u00fcbnan Da\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n her noktas\u0131na ula\u015fan y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131, felaketi ve L\u00fcbnan\u2019daki H\u0131ristiyanlar\u2019\u0131 yok eden cinayetleri; evet beyler sizleri, Frans\u0131z ve H\u0131ristiyan halklar\u0131n\u0131 uyand\u0131ran bu korkun\u00e7 cinayetlerdir! Aktif olarak m\u00fcdahale etmeyelim diyenleri onaylaman\u0131z ise ac\u0131d\u0131r … S\u00f6ylemek istedi\u011fim, \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck ac\u0131mas\u0131zl\u0131klara maruz kalan, sefil durumda bulunan bir halk\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda her yerde s\u00f6yledi\u011fim gibi Fransa\u2019n\u0131n bu halka, t\u00fcm g\u00fcc\u00fc ve iste\u011fi ile yard\u0131m etmesidir. Evet beyler, konu L\u00fcbnan\u2019daki H\u0131ristiyanlard\u0131r! Y\u00fczy\u0131llardan beri karde\u015flerimiz olan, sadece din karde\u015finiz olmay\u0131p, ayn\u0131 zamanda sava\u015fta ve sava\u015f alanlar\u0131nda karde\u015fleriniz olanlar. Her hal\u00fckarda bunu g\u00f6rmeniz olanakl\u0131d\u0131r; Aziz Louis, Napolyon \u00f6rne\u011finde oldu\u011fu gibi.<\/p>\n

L\u00fcbnan H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131\u2019na yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131z, \u201cEndi\u015fe d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeden m\u00fcdahalenizde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi ikna etmek; H\u0131ristiyanlar\u2019a ise, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi endi\u015feye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmemelerine dikkat ederek yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z m\u00fcdahalede, H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131 ikna etmek, yoluyla olur. Beyler inan\u0131n ki; Do\u011fu\u2019da Frans\u0131z n\u00fcfuzuna kar\u015f\u0131 vurulan son darbedir. Ve bu \u00fclkede konu\u015fulan ilk \u015feyin de bu oldu\u011funu belirtmeliyim.<\/p>\n

Suriye\u2019de \u0130brahim Pa\u015fa idaresinden bahsedildi. Baylar, Suriye\u2019nin bu sorunlarla bo\u011fu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir zamanda; Mehmet Ali ad\u0131ndaki biriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131m; o zamanlar L\u00fcbnan H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131 huzur i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu, ne Maruni ne de T\u00fcrk han\u00e7erinin s\u0131rtlar\u0131nda hissedilmedi\u011fi zamanlar; D\u00fcrziler\u2019in hareketlenmedi\u011fi d\u00f6nem. Olaylar\u0131n barbar \u0130brahim Pa\u015fa\u2019dan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylendi. Hay\u0131r, hay\u0131r barbar\u0131n bu kadar de\u011ferli meyveleri yoktur. Mehmet Ali bunun barbar i\u015fi de\u011fil, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin i\u015fi oldu\u011funu\u201c s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n

Evet beyler Suriye\u2019nin bar\u0131\u015f ve s\u00fckunete nas\u0131l kavu\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyor musunuz; D\u00fcrziler\u2019in Maruniler\u2019e sayg\u0131 g\u00f6stermeleri nas\u0131l sa\u011flanacak biliyor musunuz? \u0130\u015fte Mehmet Ali\u2019nin bana yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klama:<\/p>\n

\u201cBen ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m kendi dinimizden olmayanlar hakk\u0131nda baz\u0131 ilke ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelere sahibiz; ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n inan\u00e7lar\u0131na kar\u0131\u015fmay\u0131z; herkes istedi\u011fi ibadeti yapmakla \u00f6zg\u00fcrd\u00fcr ve kamu d\u00fczenine zarar vermedik\u00e7e m\u00fcdahale etmeyiz, t\u00fcm dengeleri g\u00f6zetiriz.\u201c<\/p>\n

Elbette sizin dedi\u011finiz gibi, barbar olmayan ama tersine barbara h\u00fckmeden liderin ellerine b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Suriye\u2019yi ona b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, i\u015fte o zaman d\u00fczensizlik ba\u015flar. O halde Fransa\u2019n\u0131n korumas\u0131 art\u0131k hi\u00e7bir\u015fey ifade etmiyor. Fransa\u2019n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde di\u011ferleri y\u00fckseldi ve T\u00fcrkler di\u011ferlerine bizden daha fazla haklar tan\u0131d\u0131lar; korumam\u0131z\u0131n bir de\u011feri olmazsa, di\u011fer g\u00fc\u00e7lerin korumas\u0131 \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kar ve kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131z \u00fczerinde Do\u011fu\u2019yu onarmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

O halde kurallar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ve Aziz Louis\u2019in yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131n; sizinle ayn\u0131 dine, ayn\u0131 Tanr\u0131\u2019ya veya ayn\u0131 inanca sahip bu H\u0131ristiyan halklara bir darbe de siz vurun; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc siz onlardan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcz. \u0130stedi\u011finiz takdirde bu insanlar \u00f6lmeyecektir; ama, evet siz, 7 y\u0131ldan beri benimsenen yolda devam ediyorsunuz. D\u00fcrziler ve T\u00fcrkler ge\u00e7en y\u0131l yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 gelecek y\u0131l da tekrarlayacaklard\u0131r. Ve L\u00fcbnanl\u0131 H\u0131ristiyanlar i\u00e7in size \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da bulunaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zaman \u015fu ac\u0131 s\u00f6zleri sarfedece\u011fiz: Suriye\u2019de yeniden kanlar\u0131n d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc mutsuz karde\u015flerimiz i\u00e7in \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da bulunuruz \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc metanet ve g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcz art\u0131k yoktur; e\u011fer g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcze ve \u015ferefli gelece\u011finize inanc\u0131n\u0131z varsa kan akmayacak. S\u00f6ylevde Frans\u0131z Korumas\u0131n\u0131n ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 kayda de\u011fer bir olayd\u0131r. 14 Haziran 1847 tarihli L\u00fcbnan\u2019dan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kayg\u0131 verici mektubu okuduktan sonra, M. de Maleville\u2019nin and\u0131n\u0131 eklemekte yarar g\u00f6r\u00fcyorum:<\/p>\n

\u201cD\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131\u2019n\u0131, Do\u011fu H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yazg\u0131s\u0131 konusunda gerekli dikkati g\u00f6stermesi konusunda uyarma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kendimde buluyorum; bu bizim yerine getirmemiz gereken bir g\u00f6revdir. \u015eerefli tarihimiz bu soylu g\u00f6revin yerine getirilmesini bizden istemektedir.<\/p>\n

Mecliste, 1794 y\u0131l\u0131nda, t\u00fcm Avrupa ile korkun\u00e7 bir sava\u015fa bula\u015fan Ulusal Konvansiyon\u2019a\u00a0 L\u00fcbnan da\u011flar\u0131ndaki Frans\u0131z ad\u0131na g\u00f6lge d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmemelerini an\u0131msatt\u0131m; kiliselerin kapat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ruhbanlar\u0131n hakaretlere maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenen Fransa Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin \u0130stanbul B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi Aubert Dubayet, ruhbanlar\u0131n sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumak ve kiliseleri tekrar a\u00e7t\u0131rmak i\u00e7in L\u00fcbnan\u2019a gitmi\u015f, an\u0131s\u0131na vakfedilen soylu ve \u015ferefli olay bize iyi bir ders olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z tutkular\u0131n\u0131n co\u015fkunlu\u011fu i\u00e7inde konvansiyon, Fransa\u2019n\u0131n kiliselerini kapat\u0131rken, g\u00f6revine sad\u0131k kalan el\u00e7isi, \u00fc\u00e7 renkli bayra\u011f\u0131 temsilen L\u00fcbnan\u2019daki kiliselere sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesi ve a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7aba sarfetmi\u015ftir.\u201c<\/p>\n

(Moniteur Universel<\/i>, 4 Temmuz 1847, s. 1888)<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Son Katliamlar\u0131n \u00dcnl\u00fc \u015eehidi<\/b><\/p>\n

Kendisi \u00f6ld\u00fckten sonra, \u201cChateaubriant ve Malte-Bruns\u201c\u00fcn Revue d\u2019histoire litteraire de la France (Frans\u0131z Edebiyat Tarihi Dergisi)\u2019nde yay\u0131mlanan, P. Garabed Der Sahaghian\u2019\u0131n makalesinden s\u00f6z etmek gerekmektedir:<\/p>\n

\u201cP. Garabed Der Sahaghian\u2019\u0131n, Pierre-Maurice Masson\u2019a \u00f6zlemini dile getirdi\u011fi, Do\u011fu\u2019daki Chateaubriant \u00fczerine doktora tezini verdi\u011fi ve \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019de Fribourg kentinde edebiyat e\u011fitimini tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi bu makale uzun zamand\u0131r elimizde bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ne yaz\u0131k ki ikisi de bu i\u011fren\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131n kurbanlar\u0131d\u0131r. E\u011fer olaylar ona baz\u0131 olanaklar tan\u0131sa idi, ku\u015fkusuz g\u00f6revini tamamlayacak ve dergisine kavu\u015facakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu makaleyi \u00f6nce t\u00fcm lay\u0131k\u0131yla bu vah\u015fetin i\u00e7inde ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitiren bu y\u00fcrekli ruhban\u0131n an\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 selamlamak ve de barbarlar\u0131n cellatlar\u0131 kanal\u0131 ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 vah\u015feti k\u0131namak i\u00e7in yay\u0131ml\u0131yoruz. \u0130\u015fte 15 Temmuz 1916 tarihli \u00f6l\u00fcm (s. 378) M. Archag Tchobanian (Ar\u0161ag \u010cobanyan) imzal\u0131\u00a0Mercure de France<\/i>\u2019de g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz bu korkun\u00e7 \u2018Orta\u00e7a\u011f b\u00fcy\u00fck mistik ozanlar\u0131ndan Bossuet\u2019yi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tutkuyla okuyan, i\u011fren\u00e7 hakaretlere maruz kal\u0131p \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen \u010cobanyan. Bunlardan birka\u00e7 g\u00fczel \u015fiiri ve bir\u00e7ok derin bilgiyi i\u00e7eren yap\u0131tlar\u0131 yay\u0131mlanan Venedik Maxetarist Katolik Toplulu\u011fu \u00fcyesi olan Peder Garabed Der Sahaghian\u2019dan bahsedece\u011fim; yakla\u015f\u0131k 8 y\u0131l \u00f6nce, Frans\u0131z dili ve edebiyat\u0131 e\u011fitimi g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in \u00f6nce Fribourg Katolik Fak\u00fcltesi\u2019ne, daha sonra Paris\u2019e gelmi\u015f ve Chateaubriant\u2019\u0131n\u00a0Paris\u2019ten Kud\u00fcs\u2019e G\u00fczergah\u2019\u0131<\/i>(L\u2019Itineraire de Paris a Jerusalem)\u00a0 ve Lamartin\u2019in bir\u00a0Mele\u011fin D\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/i>\u00a0(La Chute d\u2019un Ange) yap\u0131tlar\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 Fribourg dergilerinde yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Korkun\u00e7 felaketler ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Trabzon\u2019daki Maxetarist Koleji\u2019nin m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fcyd\u00fc… Trabzon! T\u00fcm olaylar\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer olan Trabzon\u2019u biliyorsunuz. Hayal edilemez felaketin u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer, korumas\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n bo\u011fulmalar\u0131 ve kesilmelerini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7aba harcam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Canilerin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ip \u015f\u00f6yle hayk\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:\u00a0\u201cOnlara dokunman\u0131z i\u00e7in cesedimi \u00e7i\u011fnemelesiniz! Bu masumlara dokunman\u0131za m\u00fcsaade etmiyorum!\u201c<\/i>\u00a0insan\u0131 hayrete d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren i\u015fkencelerle \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Kahramanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, i\u015fkencelerin t\u00fcm al\u00e7akl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla y\u00fccelen bu g\u00f6rev \u015fehidi \u00f6n\u00fcnde sayg\u0131yla e\u011filiyoruz.<\/p>\n

\n
\n<\/div>\n

[1]<\/i><\/a>\u00a0<\/i>L. de Contenson\u00b4un kitab\u0131 op. cit., s. 67.<\/i><\/p>\n

[2]<\/i><\/a>L\u00b4Armenie Martyre, Une Pangermanisme<\/i>, kitab\u0131na bak\u0131n\u0131z, s. 83-84.<\/i><\/p>\n

[3]<\/i><\/a>XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yan\u0131lg\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fczerine gidenler adlar\u0131n deformasyonuna neden oluyordu. Farkl\u0131 olarak Natolie ve Anatolie diyorlard\u0131. \u0130stanbul\u00b4daki ilk b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ilerimizden biri say\u0131n Germiny, el\u00e7ilik d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc krala \u201cparal\u0131 lejyonlar gelince, g\u00f6revlilerin teminatlar\u0131 ile birlikte Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n durumunu a\u00e7\u0131klayan bir rapor sundu.\u201c Anlat\u0131; 1585 tarihli olup \u015f\u00f6yle demektedir: Bug\u00fcn K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya\u00b4da Natoli olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan Kilikya var.\u00a0<\/i>Daha sonra farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgeler \u00fczerinden tahsil edilen vergiler ve a\u015firetlerin say\u0131s\u0131…\u00a0 B\u00fct\u00fcn Suriye 600 bin alt\u0131n lira vermekte… Dicle ve F\u0131rat nehirleri aras\u0131nda kalan Mezopotamya her y\u0131l 200 bin alt\u0131n lira… Ger\u00e7ekten uzun zamandan beri g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz kadar\u0131yla T\u00fcrkler i\u015fgal ettikleri \u00fclkeyi bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda tutmay\u0131 ba\u015farmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/i><\/p>\n

[4]<\/i><\/a>Annales de la mission Carme a Bagdad<\/i>\u00a0(Ba\u011fdat\u00b4taki Karmalit Misyonu\u00b4nun Y\u0131ll\u0131klar\u0131na) bak\u0131n\u0131z.<\/i><\/p>\n

[5]<\/i><\/a>\u00a0K\u00fcrtler\u00b4in uygulamalar\u0131 ve hara\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00fczerine\u00a0L\u00b4Armenie Martyre, Une Pangermanisme\u00a0(Ermeni \u015eehidi, Alman Yay\u0131lmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Bir Kurban\u0131), kitab\u0131na bak\u0131n\u0131z, s. 226- Piskopos Awgin Yacqub Manna ve Kildaniler\u00b4e verilen ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar Lazaristler\u00b4in 95 rue de Sevres, Paris,\u00a0 adresinde toplanacakt\u0131r.<\/i><\/p>\n

[6]<\/i><\/a>\u00a0<\/i>Eddey \u015eer, 1867-1915. [yay.]<\/i><\/p>\n

[7]<\/i><\/a>\u00a0Piskopos\u00a0<\/i>S\u00fcleyman Sebbe\u011f, (1865-1947) g\u00fcnlerce i\u015fkence edildi ama \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmedi, verdi\u011fi y\u00fckl\u00fc para ile can\u0131n\u0131 kurtard\u0131. [yay.]<\/i><\/p>\n

[8]<\/i><\/a>\u00a0Ya\u00b4qub Awraham, 1848-1915. [yay.]<\/i><\/p>\n

[9]<\/i><\/a>\u00a0S\u00fcryani Katolik piskoposu Mixayel Malke, (1858-1915), Cizre\u00b4de \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. [yay.]<\/i><\/p>\n

[10]<\/i><\/a>\u00a0Piskopos \u0130srayel \u00dcd\u00f6, (1859-1948), g\u00fcnlerce i\u015fkence edildi ama \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmedi, verdi\u011fi y\u00fckl\u00fc para ile can\u0131n\u0131 kurtard\u0131. [yay.]<\/i><\/p>\n

[11]<\/i><\/a>\u00a0Piskopos Awgin Yacqub Manna, (1867- 1928) ve Kildanilere verilen ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar Lazaristler\u00b4in 95 Rue de Sevres, Paris adresinde toplanacakt\u0131r.<\/i><\/p>\n

12<\/i><\/a>\u00a01866-?<\/i><\/p>\n

13<\/i><\/a>\u00a0Tuma \u00dcd\u00f6, 1855-1918.<\/i><\/p>\n

14<\/i><\/a>\u00a0Frans\u0131z Lazarist misyonu ba\u015fpiskoposu Jacques Emile Sontag, 1869-1918. [yay.]<\/i><\/p>\n

15<\/i><\/a>\u00a0L\u00b4Armenie Martyre, Une Pangermanisme\u00a0(Ermeni \u015eehidi, Alman Yay\u0131lmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Bir Kurban\u0131) s. 22 ve s. 46\u00b4ya bak\u0131n\u0131z.<\/i><\/p>\n

16<\/i><\/a>\u00a0Age., s. 46\u00b4ya bak\u0131n\u0131z<\/i><\/p>\n

17<\/i><\/a>\u00a0<\/i>Age., bu iki ki\u015fi, Naci Bey ve Re\u015fid Bey K\u00fcrtler\u00b4e kar\u015f\u0131 5 Ocak g\u00fcn\u00fc m\u00fcdahale edenlerle ayn\u0131 ki\u015filer olabilir, ek olarak s. 47\u00b4ye bak\u0131n\u0131z<\/i>.<\/i><\/p>\n

18<\/i><\/a>\u00a0Age., s. 49\u00b4a bak\u0131n\u0131z<\/i><\/p>\n

19<\/i><\/a>\u00a0Age., s. 7<\/i><\/p>\n

20<\/i><\/a>\u00a0\u0160ama\u0161a (diyakon) Babu Malik idi, s. 52\u00b4ye bak\u0131n\u0131z.<\/i><\/p>\n

21<\/i><\/a>\u00a0L\u00b4Armenie Martyre, Une Pangermanisme\u00a0(Ermeni \u015eehidi, Alman Yay\u0131lmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Bir Kurban\u0131), K\u00fcrtler her zaman H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n zalimi olmu\u015ftur. Y\u0131lda birka\u00e7 kez epeyce H\u0131ristiyan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcr ve mallar\u0131n\u0131 gaspederlerdi, s. 20\u00b4ye bak\u0131n\u0131z.<\/i><\/p>\n

22<\/i><\/a>\u00a0M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u00b4\u0131n Kutsal Sava\u015f ya da Cihat, H\u0131ristiyanlar\u00b4\u0131n mallar\u0131 \u00fczerinde haklar\u0131 oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klamak. H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00f6revdi. Bu g\u00f6revi tamamlama \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitiren M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, Perilerin ve Hurilerin bulundu\u011fu cennette \u015fehit olarak giderler. Cihat onlara H\u0131ristiyan k\u0131zlar\u0131 ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015ft\u0131rmak ve tecav\u00fcz etme hakk\u0131 veriyordu.<\/i><\/p>\n

23<\/i><\/a>\u00a0Age., s. 40\u00b4a bak\u0131n\u0131z.<\/i><\/p>\n

24<\/i><\/a>\u00a0Ha keza bu istatiski bilgiler daha \u00f6nceleri P. Werner, S.J.\u00b4in\u00a0Orbis Terrarum Catholicos\u00b4adl\u0131 kitaptan temin edilmi\u015ftir.\u00a0<\/i>Bu kitap daha sonralar\u0131 1893\u00b4te P. Michel taraf\u0131ndan yine yay\u0131nland\u0131.<\/i><\/p>\n

25<\/i><\/a>\u00a0P. Michel\u00b4in kitab\u0131, s. 15. Burada Babil Patrikli\u011fi ile hi\u00e7bir a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 olmayan ve sava\u015ftan etkilenmeyen Malabar\u00b4\u0131n (Hindistan) Kildaniler (Vatikan\u00b4a ba\u011fl\u0131 olanlar) ile ilgilenmemekteyiz.<\/i><\/p>\n

26<\/i><\/a>\u00a0<\/i>Age.,\u00a0 s. 57\u00b4ye bak\u0131n\u0131z.<\/i><\/p>\n

27<\/i><\/a>\u00a0<\/i>Age., s. 16.<\/i><\/p>\n

28<\/i><\/a>\u00a0<\/i>Age., s. 16-17.<\/i><\/p>\n

29<\/i><\/a>\u00a0L\u00b4Armenie Martyre, Une Pangermanisme\u00a0(Ermeni \u015eehidi, Alman Yay\u0131lmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Bir Kurban\u0131), kitab\u0131na bak\u0131n\u0131z, s. 95 ve 121.<\/i><\/p>\n

30<\/i><\/a>\u00a0Michel\u00b4in kitab\u0131, s. 19.<\/i><\/p>\n

31<\/i><\/a>\u00a0L\u00b4Action Sociale du Missionnare et les Dominicans en Turquie d\u00b4Asie, (Asya T\u00fcrkiyesi\u00b4nde Misyonerlerin Toplumsal \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131) s. 36\u00b4ya bak\u0131n\u0131z.<\/i><\/p>\n

32<\/i><\/a>\u00a0Michel\u00b4in kitab\u0131, s. 28\u00b4e bak\u0131n\u0131z.<\/i><\/p>\n

33<\/i><\/a>\u00a0<\/i>Age., s. 59.<\/i><\/p>\n

34<\/i><\/a>\u00a01706, 1707, 1708 ve 1709 y\u0131llar\u0131nda, Ek I\u00b4de \u201cola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir el\u00e7i s\u0131fat\u0131yla\u201c gezisinde elyazmas\u0131n\u0131 yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/i><\/p>\n

35<\/i><\/a>\u00a0<\/i>Bibl. Nationale, ms., fr. 7200, f. 1,\u00a0Memoire de St. Michel sur son voyage de Perse\u00a0(Aziz Mihayel\/Mi\u015fel\u00b4in \u0130ran Yolculu\u011fu An\u0131s\u0131).<\/i><\/p>\n

36<\/i><\/a>\u00a0<\/i>France et Syrie<\/i>\u00a0(Fransa ve Suriye) adl\u0131 kitab, s. 14.<\/i><\/p>\n

37<\/i><\/a>\u00a0<\/i>Age., s. 37.<\/i><\/p>\n

38<\/i><\/a>\u00a0Dr. de Brun, as\u0131lmaya giderken Fransa\u00b4ya sevgisini hayk\u0131ran bu Maruni ruhban\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc Temps\u00b4de aktarmaktad\u0131r.<\/i><\/p>\n

39<\/i><\/a>\u00a01 Ocak 1915 tarihli\u00a0Revue des Deux-Mondes\u00a0adl\u0131 bir makalede (Les Maronites) M. Rene Ristelheuber taraf\u0131ndan ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen konu 3 Temmuz 1847 tarihinde Chambre meclisteki s\u00f6ylevde \u015funlara yer veriyordu: Evet beyler konu olan L\u00fcbnanl\u0131 H\u0131ristiyanlard\u0131r!\u00a0<\/i>Onlar sadece din karde\u015flerimiz de\u011fil, y\u00fczy\u0131llardan beri sava\u015f alanlar\u0131nda bizle beraber olan karde\u015flerimizdir. Her hal\u00fckarda onlar\u0131 g\u00f6rebilirsiniz. Aziz Louis zaman\u0131nda, Napolyon\u00b4da g\u00f6rebilirsiniz… (Ek III, s. 94.)<\/i><\/p>\n

40<\/i><\/a>\u00a0Di\u011ferleri aras\u0131nda yeralan yap\u0131t R. Maulde la Claviere,\u00a0Les Mille et une nuits d\u00b4une ambassadrice de Louis XV\u00a0(XV. Louis\u00b4in Bir B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7i Kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n Bir ve Bir Gecesi),\u00a0 Paris, Hachette, s., d., in-12 s. 252.<\/i><\/p>\n

41<\/i><\/a>\u00a0Ferriol Marquis\u00b4dir.<\/i><\/p>\n

42<\/i><\/a>\u00a0Bu ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda\u00a0Grande Revue\u00b4de dostunun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra onun g\u00f6revine devam eden bir b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7inin kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flerini g\u00f6steren bir roman yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/i><\/p>\n

43<\/i><\/a>\u00a0<\/i>Age., s. 83, Ek II\u00b4ye bak\u0131n\u0131z.<\/i><\/p>\n

44<\/i><\/a>\u00a0P. Basil taraf\u0131ndan da \u00e7evrilen bu yaz\u0131m \u015f\u00f6yle ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r: \u0130\u015fte bizim ve hepimizin itaat etmek zorunda oldu\u011fumuz kumandan\u0131m\u0131z.<\/i>\u015ean\u0131 artan Fransa imparatorunun \u015fimdi b\u00fcy\u00fck el\u00e7isi olarak, \u0130sfahan kraliyet saray\u0131nda; Sulfa, Hamadan, Kongo\u00b4da, Tebriz krall\u0131\u011f\u0131nda,\u00a0 Gangie, Kamakie, Tiflis, Gori, Erivan\u00b4da bulunan piskoposlar, doktorlar ve Frans\u0131z pederleri bize takdim etti. \u0130htiya\u00e7lar\u0131 durumunda belirtilen piskopos, doktor ve pederlere yard\u0131m etmemiz i\u00e7in bize ba\u015fvurdu. Frans\u0131z imparatorunun sayesinde kendi yurtlar\u0131nda bar\u0131\u015f ve mutluluk i\u00e7inde oturmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131k. Kendi dinlerinin vecibelerini yerine getirmeyi ve gelenek g\u00f6reneklerini rahat\u00e7a hayata ge\u00e7irmelerini sa\u011flad\u0131k. Hi\u00e7biri bizim koydu\u011fumuz yararlara kar\u015f\u0131 gelmedi ve kar\u015f\u0131 da olmad\u0131. Yine Nah\u00e7\u0131van\u00b4da b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7i olarak bizden yana olan bir\u00e7ok kilisenin oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi.<\/i><\/p>\n

45<\/i><\/a>\u00a0L\u00b4Armenie Martyre, Une Pangermanisme\u00a0(Ermeni \u015eehidi, Alman Yay\u0131lmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Bir Kurban\u0131), s. 24\u00b4te belirtilen nitelikler, din u\u011fruna \u015fehitli\u011fi simgelemektedir.<\/i><\/p>\n

46<\/i><\/a>\u00a01659\u00b4a kadar b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ilik yapm\u0131\u015f M. Denis de la Haye Marquis s\u00f6zkonusudur. B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011finin son zamanlar\u0131n\u0131, yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u00a0Revue des Etudes Historiques\u00a0(Temmuz-Eyl\u00fcl 1916) dergisine bak\u0131n\u0131z.<\/i><\/p>\n

47<\/i><\/a>\u00a0Yazar burada, C\u0131zvit peder Lempereur kanal\u0131yla peder Bernard\u00b4\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r. Konu olan Dijon\u00b4un zavall\u0131 piskoposunun iyile\u015fmesidir: Babil piskoposuna sa\u011fl\u0131klar dileyerek bitiriyorum. Babil piskoposu, ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131m say\u0131n Fran\u00e7ois Bernard\u00b4\u0131n iyi dostlar\u0131ndand\u0131r. San\u0131r\u0131m akrabas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ran\u00b4a geldi\u011fimden beri yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m ilk i\u015f, say\u0131n Bernard\u00b4a yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u015fu mektuptur: 9 May\u0131s 1640 tarihli mektup. Uzun bir mektup olup \u00f6zetsel olarak: \u0130ran\u00b4a geldi\u011fim ilk g\u00fcn\u00fcn 6 saat sonras\u0131 Tanr\u0131 bana, inan\u00e7l\u0131, dinine sad\u0131k 18 bin insan, 5 veya 6 bin ruhban, 50 ba\u015fpiskopos ve piskoposla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olan bir iyi insanla tan\u0131\u015fma f\u0131rsat\u0131 verdi. Bu kendisine kilisenin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme iste\u011fini getirdi\u011fim ve Ermeniler\u00b4in Papa\u00b4s\u0131 olarak bilinen Patrik\u00b4ti. Papa\u00b4n\u0131n mektubunu b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sayg\u0131yla kabul etti ve Papa\u00b4n\u0131n bir zamanlar ona mektup yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 mektubunda belirtti\u011fini anlatt\u0131. Tanr\u0131 ona kar\u015f\u0131 bana, herkesi \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtan bir sevgi ba\u011f\u0131\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kendisi ile ili\u015fki kurmam i\u00e7in Ermenice\u00b4yi \u00f6\u011frenmemi istiyordu. Kendisi ile dili \u00f6\u011frenip temasa ge\u00e7ti\u011fimde, dini konulardaki ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 daha iyi ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131zdan, bunu bir g\u00f6rev olarak \u00fczerime alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m… Bu mektup g\u00f6nderilen ki\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra yerine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/i><\/p>\n

48<\/i><\/a>\u00a0Bir\u00e7ok d\u0131\u015f geli\u015fmelerde, \u00f6nemli s\u0131rlarda krala hizmet vermi\u015f meclisin ola\u011fan soylusu Aziz Olon Marquis\u00b4in karde\u015fidir.<\/i><\/p>\n

49<\/i><\/a>\u00a0Devlet dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 say\u0131n Gatien de Galliczon\u00b4un o\u011fludur. Galichon adl\u0131 (No. 4013) Etat de la Maison de Louis XIII (XIII. Louis\u00b4in Saray\u0131)\u00b4na bak\u0131n\u0131z.<\/i><\/p>\n

50<\/i><\/a>\u00a0Dillerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ile ilgilidir. Bunlar Do\u011fu\u00b4daki b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ilerimizin \u00e7evirmenleridir. 10 Eyl\u00fcl 1881 tarihli\u00a0Correspondant\u00b4\u0131n, s. 905\u00b4e bak\u0131n\u0131z.<\/i><\/p>\n

51<\/i><\/a>\u00a0Moniteur\u00b4de belirtilen Fransa y\u00fcksek Meclisi \u00fcyesi kont Napoleon Daru\u00b4dur.<\/i><\/p>\n

52<\/i><\/a>\u00a0Bourgan orman\u0131, Babilistan piskoposlar\u0131n\u0131n bir tarihinde s\u0131ralama yapmak konusunda umut vermi\u015ftir.<\/i><\/p>\n

53<\/i><\/a>\u00a0Relation de Perse\u00a0(\u0130ran Anlat\u0131\u015f\u0131) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda daha \u00f6nce anonim olarak yay\u0131mlanan havarilik misyoner mektubu.<\/i><\/p>\n

http:\/\/mamasyria.blogspot.am\/2016\/03\/suryaniler-ve-kildaniler-aclar-ve.html?m=1<\/a><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S\u00fcryaniler\/Kildaniler- Ac\u0131lar\u0131, Umutlar\u0131 G\u00fcncel Sayfalar 1914-1917 Peder Eug\u00e9ne Griselle \u00c7ev. Cemal Ak\u0131nc\u0131 * Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131 Asur Tarihi * Van ve Urmiye Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u00d6n Asya\u2019daki T\u00fcrkler\u2019in icraatlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ortaya konan belgeler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bir y\u0131l \u00f6nce\u00a0G\u00fcn G\u00fcn Ermenistan\u00a0ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda yazd\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131 burada a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 bir g\u00f6rev bilmekteyim. Beni ilgilendiren, olaylara kendi g\u00f6zleriyle tan\u0131k olanlarca temin edilen belgelerin, g\u00fcvenilir raport\u00f6rlerin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,70,53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39133","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\nS\u00fcryaniler Ve Kildaniler- Ac\u0131lar\u0131 Ve Umutlar\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=39133\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"S\u00fcryaniler Ve Kildaniler- Ac\u0131lar\u0131 Ve Umutlar\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"S\u00fcryaniler\/Kildaniler- Ac\u0131lar\u0131, Umutlar\u0131 G\u00fcncel Sayfalar 1914-1917 Peder Eug\u00e9ne Griselle \u00c7ev. Cemal Ak\u0131nc\u0131 * Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131 Asur Tarihi * Van ve Urmiye Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u00d6n Asya\u2019daki T\u00fcrkler\u2019in icraatlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ortaya konan belgeler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bir y\u0131l \u00f6nce\u00a0G\u00fcn G\u00fcn Ermenistan\u00a0ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda yazd\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131 burada a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 bir g\u00f6rev bilmekteyim. Beni ilgilendiren, olaylara kendi g\u00f6zleriyle tan\u0131k olanlarca temin edilen belgelerin, g\u00fcvenilir raport\u00f6rlerin […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=39133\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-03-18T07:30:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2016-03-18T07:30:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Suryaniler-300x417.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"116 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=39133#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=39133\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e\"},\"headline\":\"S\u00fcryaniler Ve Kildaniler- Ac\u0131lar\u0131 Ve Umutlar\u0131\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-03-18T07:30:15+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2016-03-18T07:30:31+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=39133\"},\"wordCount\":23241,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=39133#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2016\\\/03\\\/Suryaniler-300x417.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Haberler\",\"Makaleler\",\"T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Az\u0131nl\u0131klar\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=39133#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=39133\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=39133\",\"name\":\"S\u00fcryaniler Ve Kildaniler- Ac\u0131lar\u0131 Ve Umutlar\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=39133#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=39133#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2016\\\/03\\\/Suryaniler-300x417.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-03-18T07:30:15+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2016-03-18T07:30:31+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=39133#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=39133\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=39133#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/6\\\/2016\\\/03\\\/Suryaniler.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/6\\\/2016\\\/03\\\/Suryaniler.jpg\",\"width\":398,\"height\":554},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=39133#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"S\u00fcryaniler Ve Kildaniler- Ac\u0131lar\u0131 Ve Umutlar\u0131\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/\",\"name\":\"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?author=7\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"S\u00fcryaniler Ve Kildaniler- Ac\u0131lar\u0131 Ve Umutlar\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=39133","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"S\u00fcryaniler Ve Kildaniler- Ac\u0131lar\u0131 Ve Umutlar\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","og_description":"S\u00fcryaniler\/Kildaniler- Ac\u0131lar\u0131, Umutlar\u0131 G\u00fcncel Sayfalar 1914-1917 Peder Eug\u00e9ne Griselle \u00c7ev. Cemal Ak\u0131nc\u0131 * Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131 Asur Tarihi * Van ve Urmiye Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u00d6n Asya\u2019daki T\u00fcrkler\u2019in icraatlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ortaya konan belgeler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bir y\u0131l \u00f6nce\u00a0G\u00fcn G\u00fcn Ermenistan\u00a0ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda yazd\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131 burada a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 bir g\u00f6rev bilmekteyim. Beni ilgilendiren, olaylara kendi g\u00f6zleriyle tan\u0131k olanlarca temin edilen belgelerin, g\u00fcvenilir raport\u00f6rlerin […]","og_url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=39133","og_site_name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","article_published_time":"2016-03-18T07:30:15+00:00","article_modified_time":"2016-03-18T07:30:31+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Suryaniler-300x417.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"116 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=39133#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=39133"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e"},"headline":"S\u00fcryaniler Ve Kildaniler- Ac\u0131lar\u0131 Ve Umutlar\u0131","datePublished":"2016-03-18T07:30:15+00:00","dateModified":"2016-03-18T07:30:31+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=39133"},"wordCount":23241,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=39133#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Suryaniler-300x417.jpg","articleSection":["Haberler","Makaleler","T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Az\u0131nl\u0131klar"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=39133#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=39133","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=39133","name":"S\u00fcryaniler Ve Kildaniler- Ac\u0131lar\u0131 Ve Umutlar\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=39133#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=39133#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/Suryaniler-300x417.jpg","datePublished":"2016-03-18T07:30:15+00:00","dateModified":"2016-03-18T07:30:31+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=39133#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=39133"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=39133#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2016\/03\/Suryaniler.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2016\/03\/Suryaniler.jpg","width":398,"height":554},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=39133#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"S\u00fcryaniler Ve Kildaniler- Ac\u0131lar\u0131 Ve Umutlar\u0131"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/","name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e","name":"admin","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?author=7"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39133","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=39133"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39133\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":39136,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39133\/revisions\/39136"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=39133"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=39133"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=39133"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}