{"id":39024,"date":"2016-03-12T06:11:34","date_gmt":"2016-03-12T11:11:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=39024"},"modified":"2016-03-12T06:44:57","modified_gmt":"2016-03-12T11:44:57","slug":"118-bilim-edebiyat-sanat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=39024","title":{"rendered":"118. Bilim. Edebiyat. Sanat"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"<\/a>
Ermenistan Ulusal Bilimler Akademisi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Bilimin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi<\/b><\/p>\n

\"Hovsep<\/a>
Hovsep Orbeli<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Yeni toplum d\u00fczeni \u015fartlar\u0131nda bilim de bu d\u00fczenin tesis edilip, geli\u015fmesine hizmet etmeliydi. Bilimin geli\u015ftirilmesi, Yerevan \u00dcniversitesi ve Politeknik Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc \u00f6nderli\u011finde, \u00fcniversiteler ve bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma kurulu\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n ilk bilimsel kurulu\u015fu olan, Ecmiadsin\u2019deki tarih-k\u00fclt\u00fcr enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra Yerevan\u2019a nakledilip, 1925 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ermenistan Bilim ve Sanat Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve \u00fclkenin sayg\u0131n bilim adamlar\u0131 buraya davet edilir. Bu kurulu\u015f 1930 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llarda ekonominin h\u0131zla geli\u015fmesi, bilim adamlar\u0131na yeni talepler getirir. B\u00f6ylece, 1935 y\u0131l\u0131nda, SSCB Bilimler Akademisi\u2019nin Ermenistan \u015fubesi olu\u015fturulur. Armenoloji dal\u0131n\u0131n (tarih, dil, edebiyat vs.) geli\u015fmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00fclkede az-\u00e7ok olumlu \u015fartlar mevcuttur.<\/p>\n

Ermenistan \u015fubesinin faaliyetleri, tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bilim adamlar\u0131 Franz\u00a0Loewinson-Lessing ve daha sonra \u00fcnl\u00fc \u015farkiyat\u00e7\u0131 Hovsep Orbeli taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilir.<\/p>\n

Bilimin geli\u015fmesi<\/b><\/p>\n

\"Hra\u00e7ya<\/a>
Hra\u00e7ya A\u00e7aryan<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ermenistan\u2019da sosyal ve tabii bilimler geli\u015fir. Tarih\u00e7ilerden H. Orbeli, Leo (Arakel Babakhanyan), Hakob Manandyan, A\u015fot Hovhannisyan, A\u015fkharhabek Kalandar vd. faaliyetlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrerek, Ermeni tarihiyle ilgili de\u011ferli bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yarat\u0131r. Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar bilimsel de\u011ferlerini korumaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Dil ve edebiyat alan\u0131nda Hra\u00e7ya A\u00e7aryan, Manuk Abe\u011fyan, Grigor \u011eapantsyan, Stepanos Malkhasyan, Arsen Terteryan ve daha bir\u00e7oklar\u0131 verimli bilimsel faaliyette bulunur.<\/p>\n

Tabii bilimlerin geli\u015fmesi, end\u00fcstrile\u015fme sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Kimya sanayisi alan\u0131nda Levon Rutinyan ve Stepan \u011eambaryan ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr. Su tekni\u011fi ve su enerjisi konular\u0131nda teorik ve pratik sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc Hovsep Ter-Astvadsatryan\u2019\u0131n \u015fahs\u0131yla ilintilidir. Ter-Astvadsatryan, \u015eirak kanal\u0131, bir dizi HES\u2019ler ve Sevan G\u00f6l\u00fc sular\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 konusundaki projeleriyle g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmaktad\u0131r. Jeologlar Hovhannes Karapetyan ve Tigran C\u0131rba\u015fyan, uygulamal\u0131 jeoloji alan\u0131nda faaliyet g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Edebiyat alan\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

\"Ye\u011fi\u015fe<\/a>
Ye\u011fi\u015fe \u00c7arents<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1920-30\u2019lu y\u0131llar, Sovyet edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n \u015fekillenme ve geli\u015fim d\u00f6nemi olur. Partinin talebine istinaden, edebi yarat\u0131larla Sovyet insan\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fitimine katk\u0131da bulunmak, yazarlar\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca konusu olur.<\/p>\n

1920\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n edebi ak\u0131m\u0131, \u00e7eli\u015fkili durumlar alt\u0131nda geli\u015fir. Toplum hayat\u0131nda vuku bulan reformlar, yeni sanatsal aray\u0131\u015flar talep etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Edebi dilin tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ustalar\u0131ndan Hovhannes Tumanyan, Hovhannes Hovhannisyan, Avetik \u0130sahakyan, Aleksandr \u015eirvanzate, Nar-Dos, Derenik Demirciyan ve di\u011ferleri, Sovyet y\u00f6netimine y\u00f6nelir. Avetis Aharonyan, Levon \u015eant ve Nikol A\u011fbalyan siyasi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri nedeniyle s\u00fcrg\u00fcn durumuna d\u00fc\u015fer. XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc yazarlar\u0131, \u00f6zellikle de Rafayel Patkanyan ve Raffi \u201cmilliyet\u00e7i\u201d olur.<\/p>\n

Yeni edebiyat\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131, yeni edebiyat neslinin sorununa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. \u00c7e\u015fitli edebiyat gruplar\u0131, 1932 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ermenistan Yazarlar Derne\u011fi b\u00fcnyesinde birle\u015fir.<\/p>\n

\"Aksel<\/a>
Aksel Bakunts<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Daha sonraki y\u0131llarda Ermenistan yazarlar\u0131, ger\u00e7e\u011fin sanatsal yans\u0131mas\u0131 konusunda yeni prensiplerin i\u015flenmesi sorunuyla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r. Yeni prensip, \u201csosyalist realizm\u201d olarak kendisini ifade eder ve yeni bir toplum sistemi olu\u015fturmu\u015f olanlar\u0131n, devrimcilerin ve \u00fcretim \u00f6nc\u00fclerinin edebi kahramanlara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesini talep eder. Lakin edebi yetenek, benzer k\u0131s\u0131tlamalara ra\u011fmen, ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 a\u015fmay\u0131 ba\u015fararak, bu sayede vatanseverli\u011fin evrensel i\u00e7erik konusu i\u00e7in yol a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcz yaz\u0131 alan\u0131nda Aleksandr \u015eirvanzade, Nar-Dos, Derenik Demirciyan, Vahan Totovents, yeni yazarlardan Stepan Zoryan ve Aksel Bakunts \u00fcretmeyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Eski ve yeni k\u00f6y\u00fcn, basit insanlar\u0131n resmi ile Bat\u0131 Ermenilerinin kaderi Bakunts\u2019un hik\u00e2yelerinde harikulade bir \u015fekilde yer bulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1930\u2019lu y\u0131llar, Ermeni edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fiminin yeni a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olur. 1934 y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen Ermenistan yazarlar\u0131 ve SSCB yazarlar\u0131 1. kongresinde, edebiyat\u0131n geli\u015fmesi sorunlar\u0131 masaya yat\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Lakin \u015fah\u0131s k\u00fclt\u00fc d\u00f6neminde (Stalin d\u00f6nemi ima edilmektedir-\u00e7ev. notu), 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llar\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen siyasi bask\u0131lar, t\u00fcm \u00fclkenin edebi hayat\u0131n\u0131 sekteye u\u011frat\u0131r. \u00dcnl\u00fc yazarlardan Ye\u011fi\u015fe \u00c7arents, Aksel Bakunts, Zapel Esayan ve Vahan Totovents sistemin kurban\u0131 olur, Gurgen Mahari, Vahram Alazan, Va\u011far\u015fak Norents ve bir\u00e7oklar\u0131 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilir. Lakin korku ve \u015fiddet ortam\u0131na ra\u011fmen Ermeni edebiyat\u0131 geli\u015fimini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.findarmenia.com\/arm\/history\/28\/627<\/a><\/p>\n

Resim sanat\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

\"Martiros<\/a>
Martiros Saryan<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1920\u2019li y\u0131llarda Martiros Saryan, Sedrak Arakelyan, Stepan A\u011facanyan, Ye\u011fi\u015fe Tadevosyan ve Hakob Kocoyan gibi \u00fcnl\u00fc ressamlar faaliyet g\u00f6stermekteydi. Bu sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n yarat\u0131c\u0131 gelenekleri temelinde Ermenistan\u2019da yeni bir resim sanat\u0131 okulu olu\u015fur. Uluslararas\u0131 \u00fcne sahip Martiros Saryan\u2019\u0131n bu konudaki rol\u00fc \u00f6zel bir konumdad\u0131r. Vatan\u0131n g\u00fczelli\u011fini konu alm\u0131\u015f olan M. Saryan, tuvallerinde \u0131\u015f\u0131k ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k yayan canl\u0131 ve armonik renkler kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Resim sanat\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli g\u00fcvencesi, yeni neslin yeti\u015ftirilmesi oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131, 1922 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yerevan\u2019da g\u00fczel sanatlar okulu a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r.1935 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan Ermenistan resim sanatlar\u0131 m\u00fczesi, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Ermenistan Ulusal Resim Galerisi olarak hizmet vermektedir.<\/p>\n

Sergey Merkurov, Ara Sargsyan ve\u00a0 Yervand Ko\u00e7ar, Ermeni heykelt\u0131ra\u015flar\u0131n eski neslinin temsilcileridir. 1931 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yerevan\u2019a yerle\u015ftirilen Stepan \u015eahumyan heykeli, Merkurov\u2019un en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f eserlerinden biridir. Yerevan Devlet \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin \u00f6n\u00fcne yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f olan \u201cSahak Partev ve Mesrop Ma\u015ftots\u201d heykeli Ara Sargsyan\u2019\u0131n eseridir. Ressam-heykelt\u0131ra\u015f Yervand Ko\u00e7ar\u2019\u0131n en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f eseri, Yerevan tren istasyonu meydan\u0131nda bulunan Sasuntsi Davit heykelidir.<\/p>\n

M\u00fczik sanat\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

\"Aleksandr<\/a>
Aleksandr Spendiaryan<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

M\u00fczik hayat\u0131 geli\u015fim g\u00f6sterir. \u0130lk senfonik orkestra, Devlet Filarmoni orkestras\u0131 ve Devlet Opera ve Balesi kurulur. Daha en ba\u015ftan Yerevan Konservatuar\u0131 kurulmu\u015ftur. M\u00fczisyenler Aleksandr Spendiaryan, Romanos Melikyan ve Armen Tigranyan\u2019\u0131n \u00e7abalar\u0131, Ermenistan\u2019da m\u00fczik sanat\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesi konusunda b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Aleksandr Spendiaryan\u2019\u0131n eserlerinden \u201cYerevan et\u00fctleri\u201d senfonik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ve \u201cAlmast\u201d operas\u0131n\u0131 (H. Tumanyan\u2019\u0131n \u201cTmkaberdi arumy\u201d \u015fiirinden) saymak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Yerevan operas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 da 1933 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu eserle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Aleksandr Spendiaryan, Ermeni senfonik m\u00fczi\u011finin kurucusudur. Armen Tigranyan\u2019\u0131n \u201cAnu\u015f\u201d operas\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

1930\u2019lu y\u0131llarda eser vermeye ba\u015flayan \u00fcnl\u00fc besteci Aram Kha\u00e7aturyan\u2019\u0131n Ermeni m\u00fczi\u011finin geli\u015fmesi konusunda yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar \u00f6nemlidir. Kha\u00e7aturyan, m\u00fczi\u011fin stil s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fleterek, ilk milli senfonisi ile ilk baleyi (\u201cYercankutyun\u201d, daha sonra \u201cGayane\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r) ve ilk enstr\u00fcmantal konserleri yarat\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ermeni m\u00fczi\u011finin sahne sanat\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazanmas\u0131 konusunda, opera \u015fark\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 Haykanu\u015f Danielyan ve \u015eara Talyan\u2019\u0131n rolleri b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

1938 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tatul Altunyan taraf\u0131ndan kurulan ve y\u00f6netilen Ermeni m\u00fczi\u011fi ve dans\u0131 ansambl\u0131, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kurucusunun ismiyle an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tiyatro ve sinema<\/b><\/p>\n

\"<\/a>
Vahram Papazyan<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1922 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan Devlet Tiyatrosu, daha sonra Gabriel Sundukyan\u2019\u0131n ad\u0131yla an\u0131l\u0131r. Rejis\u00f6r Levon Kalantar\u2019\u0131n hizmetleri, tiyatronun olu\u015fmas\u0131 ve geli\u015fmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Hovhannes Abelyan, Hasmik, Arus Voskanyan, Vahram Papazyan, Hra\u00e7ya Nersisyan, Va\u011far\u015f Va\u011far\u015fyan, uzun s\u00fcre seyircilerin hat\u0131ralar\u0131ndan silinmeyen roller sahnelemi\u015flerdir. Ermeni tiyatro sanat\u0131n\u0131n \u201cPatvi hamar\u201d, \u201cNamus\u201d, \u00c7ar vogi\u201d, Pepo\u201d ve yabanc\u0131 eserlerden \u201cOtello\u201d, \u201cKral Lir\u201d ve di\u011fer oyunlar, tiyatronun kal\u0131c\u0131 oyun listesinde bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Ermeni tiyatrosunun usta oyuncusu, Otello rol\u00fcndeki oyunuyla \u00fcnlenen Vahram Papazyan, Shakespeare eserlerindeki oyunuyla\u00fcnlenmi\u015f, Hra\u00e7ya Nersisyan, y\u00fcksek epik g\u00fcc\u00fcyle g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1920-30\u2019lu y\u0131llarda Leninakan (G\u00fcmr\u00fc), Kirovakan (Vanadzor) ve \u00fclkenin di\u011fer merkezlerinde de tiyatrolar faaliyet g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Yerevan\u2019da \u00e7ocuk tiyatrosu ve Rus tiyatrosu ve Amo Kharazyan y\u00f6netiminde gezici bir tiyatro grubu bulunmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sovyet y\u0131llar\u0131, iki bin y\u0131ll\u0131k Ermeni tiyatrosu tarihinde verimli faaliyetiyle \u00f6zel bir yer tutar.<\/p>\n

1920\u2019li y\u0131llar, Ermeni sinemas\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fu\u015fuyla an\u0131l\u0131r. Ermeni sinema sanat\u0131, \u201cNamus\u201d adl\u0131 sessiz sinema filmiyle ba\u015flar. \u0130lk sesli film olan \u201cPepo\u201d 1935 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7ekilir ve d\u00f6nemin en iyi filmi olarak kabul edilir. Ermeni sinema sanat\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131 ve geli\u015fmesi konusunda sinema rejis\u00f6r\u00fc Hamo Beknazaryan\u2019\u0131n rol\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Mimari<\/b><\/p>\n

1920-30\u2019lu y\u0131llar, \u015fehircili\u011fin h\u0131zl\u0131 geli\u015fmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpar. Ermeni mimarisi, y\u00fczlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k zengin mimari gelene\u011finin haricinde, uluslar aras\u0131 mimari geli\u015fiminin temelinde geli\u015fir.<\/p>\n

\u00dclkede ba\u015flayan geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 in\u015faat sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc, \u00fcnl\u00fc mimar Aleksandr Tamanyan \u00f6nderli\u011finde, eski nesil mimarlara kal\u0131r. Tamanyan, yeni Ermeni mimarisinin kurucusu olur ve ba\u015fkent Yerevan\u2019\u0131n naz\u0131m plan\u0131 onun y\u00f6netiminde geli\u015ftirilir. H\u00fck\u00fcmet binas\u0131, opera ve bale binas\u0131, halk (milli) k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi ve birka\u00e7 y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011fretim binalar\u0131 Tamanyan\u2019\u0131n yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcnleridir. Bu binalar\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri y\u00fccelik, mimari g\u00fczellik ve ince simetrilerinde olup, ger\u00e7ek mimari ba\u015fyap\u0131tlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6ylece, Sovyet Ermenistan k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, devams\u0131z tarihi s\u00fcrecine ra\u011fmen, 1920-30\u2019lu y\u0131llarda b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131lar elde etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00c7eviren: Diran Lokmag\u00f6zyan<\/b><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.findarmenia.com\/arm\/history\/28\/631<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bilimin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi Yeni toplum d\u00fczeni \u015fartlar\u0131nda bilim de bu d\u00fczenin tesis edilip, geli\u015fmesine hizmet etmeliydi. Bilimin geli\u015ftirilmesi, Yerevan \u00dcniversitesi ve Politeknik Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc \u00f6nderli\u011finde, \u00fcniversiteler ve bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma kurulu\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n ilk bilimsel kurulu\u015fu olan, Ecmiadsin\u2019deki tarih-k\u00fclt\u00fcr enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra Yerevan\u2019a nakledilip, 1925 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ermenistan Bilim ve Sanat Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve \u00fclkenin sayg\u0131n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[65,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39024","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ermenilerin-tarihi","category-haberler"],"yoast_head":"\n118. Bilim. Edebiyat. 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