{"id":38870,"date":"2016-03-02T03:05:55","date_gmt":"2016-03-02T08:05:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=38870"},"modified":"2016-03-02T03:05:55","modified_gmt":"2016-03-02T08:05:55","slug":"rafael-lemkinin-ermeni-soykirimi-dosyasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=38870","title":{"rendered":"Rafael Lemkin’in Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 Dosyas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Rafael<\/a>Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na Yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki Tepkiler. Argyle D\u00fck\u00fc Ermenilerin durumu nedeniyle \u0130ngiliz H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019ni su\u00e7luyordu: “Yar\u0131m y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca Bab\u0131ali\u2019nin iflah olmaz k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetini ve kurnazca zaman kazanma taktiklerini g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra, B\u00fcy\u00fck G\u00fc\u00e7ler\u2019in b\u00f6yle giri\u015fimlere (Ermeni vilayetlerinde katliamlar\u0131 ve reform planlar\u0131n\u0131 soru\u015fturacak bir komisyon) temsilcilerini g\u00f6ndererek vakit yitirmeleri ger\u00e7ekten de \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131. Her zamanki gibi, bu fars\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7eken biziz. Bizim D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kimi zaman b\u00fct\u00fcn B\u00fcy\u00fck G\u00fc\u00e7ler\u2019i \u2018uyumlu\u2019 harekete y\u00f6nlendirdi\u011fimizi s\u00f6yleyerek \u00f6v\u00fcn\u00fcyor; eh do\u011fru tabii! Peki ama \u015fu uyumlu hareket de neyin nesi? Buna askerlikte \u2018yerinde saymak\u2019 deniliyor: \u00c7ok ad\u0131m at\u0131yorsunuz, ancak bir milim bile ilerledi\u011finiz g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fcyor. <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

1894 A\u011fustosundan 1895 Temmuzuna kadar, en az on bir ay boyunca yakla\u015fan tehlikeye ilk kulak kabartt\u0131ktan sonra, Lord Rosebery H\u00fck\u00fcmeti’nin t\u00fcm g\u00f6rev s\u00fcresi bu aylak ve grotesk i\u015flemle ge\u00e7ti. Ve gene de e\u011fer ciddiye al\u0131p hemen yararlanm\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131k, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n niyetlerine dair cesaret verici belirtiler g\u00f6r\u00fclmekteydi. Dikkatli bir g\u00f6z T\u00fcrklerin neye haz\u0131rland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 da ger\u00e7ekte anlayabilirdi. Daha 10 Eyl\u00fclde, kendilerinin isyan diye adland\u0131rmaktan ho\u015fland\u0131klar\u0131 olay\u0131 bast\u0131rmak i\u00e7in sevk edilen kuvvetlerin par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak, k\u00f6t\u00fc nam salm\u0131\u015f bir K\u00fcrt a\u015firet reisinin \u00fc\u00e7 Hamidiye alay\u0131na komuta etmek i\u00e7in atand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyorduk.”132<\/p>\n

\u0130ngiltere\u2019yi su\u00e7layanlar aras\u0131nda Lord Bryce da vard\u0131r:<\/b><\/p>\n

“Do\u011fu siyaseti alan\u0131nda genelde belirgin sonu\u00e7, \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin izledi\u011fi geleneksel T\u00fcrkleri Rusya\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 destekleme siyasetinin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r \u2013hem de tam, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fs\u00fcz ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k! Mr. Burke\u2019un \u015fiddetli protestolar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, \u00f6nce Mr. Pitt taraf\u0131ndan 1791\u2019de denenen ama halen terk edilmi\u015f olan bu siyaset, Lord Palmerston taraf\u0131ndan s\u0131cak kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu 1853 K\u0131r\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 tahrik ederken, 1856 Paris Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019nda somutla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1876\u2019da Osmanl\u0131 Padi\u015fah\u0131\u2019na bask\u0131 yapma taraftar\u0131 olan Rusya, Avusturya ve Prusya\u2019ya kat\u0131lmay\u0131 reddederek 1877 sava\u015f\u0131na yol a\u00e7an Lord Beaconsfield \u00f6mr\u00fc boyunca bu siyasetten ayr\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. O y\u0131l Bulgar katliam\u0131yla \u00f6fkeye kap\u0131lan \u0130ngiliz kamuoyunun bask\u0131s\u0131, onu \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin\u00a0 T\u00fcrklere silahl\u0131 destek vermesini sa\u011flamaktan al\u0131koymu\u015ftu. Ancak, 1878\u2019de Lordumuz Ayastefanos Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yerini alan Berlin Antla\u015fmas\u0131 m\u00fczakerelerinde tekrar eski politikaya d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.”133<\/p>\n

Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri Sason katliamlar\u0131ndan deh\u015fete d\u00fc\u015fmekle birlikte, Ermenistan\u2019daki\u00a0 Amerikan yurtta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, m\u00fcdahale edecek durumda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc. Erzurum ve Harput\u2019ta ABD Konsolosluklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Senato ve Temsilciler Meclisi\u2019ne bir dilek\u00e7e verildi:<\/p>\n

Washington, D.C., 3 Ocak 1895<\/p>\n

“T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de son zamanlarda be\u015f bin Ermeni\u2019nin katledildi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrse, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019nin Do\u011fu Sorunu\u2019na m\u00fcdahil olmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yersizdir.\u00a0 Ama \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00fclke do\u011fumlu Amerikan yurtta\u015f\u0131n\u0131n bu topraklarda s\u00fcrekli tehlike, yaralanma ve hakarete maruz kalmaktan koruma g\u00f6revinin de hi\u00e7bir Monroe Doktrini\u2019yle engellenemeyece\u011fi ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r\u2026”134<\/p>\n

WE. 29 Aral\u0131k 1894\u2019te, seksen be\u015finci do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fcnde, Mr. WE. Gladstone, Ermenistan Ulusal Kilisesi \u00fcyelerinin bir temsilciler heyetine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 uzun ve g\u00fczel bir konu\u015fmada \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti:<\/p>\n

“… Bana hi\u00e7bir ulusun bir di\u011feri \u00fczerinde herhangi bir otoritesi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6ylenmesine izin vermeyin sak\u0131n.\u00a0 Her ulus ve gerekti\u011finde her insan insanl\u0131k ve adalet ad\u0131na otorite sahibidir… Bunlar insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortak ilkeleri olup ihlal edilmeleri, uygun zamanda, en al\u00e7akg\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fclerimizin bile sabr\u0131n\u0131 hakl\u0131 olarak ta\u015f\u0131rabilir. Bana gelen istihbaratlar, h\u00e2l\u00e2 do\u011fru olmayabilece\u011fini ummakla birlikte, 1876\u2019da Bulgaristan\u2019daki zorbal\u0131klar, manzaralar ve i\u011fren\u00e7liklerin genel etkisinin 1894\u2019de Ermenistan\u2019da da tekrarland\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015fmam\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131l\u0131yor… S\u00f6yledi\u011fim gibi, bunlar umar\u0131m ki do\u011fru de\u011fildir ve bu umudu sonuna kadar korumak isterim. Ancak, do\u011fru olmas\u0131 halinde, insanlardan de\u011fil, yap\u0131lanlardan tiksindi\u011fimizi hayk\u0131rmal\u0131y\u0131z. Hep birlikte tecav\u00fcze u\u011frayan insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Padi\u015fah\u0131\u2019na duyurmal\u0131 ve b\u00f6yle bir yolun \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nl\u0131k oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyerek onu, e\u011fer bir nebze duyarl\u0131l\u0131ktan nasibini alm\u0131\u015fsa, duyarl\u0131 davranmaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmal\u0131y\u0131z\u2026<\/p>\n

“… E\u011fer cinayet, ihlal ve tecav\u00fcz hikayeleri do\u011fruysa, demek ki bunlar\u0131n g\u00f6rmezlikten gelinmesi, g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir\u2026 E\u011fer bu gibi beyanlar temelsiz\u00a0 de\u011filse, d\u00fcnya ar\u015fivlerine demir harflerle yaz\u0131lacaklard\u0131. Bu zorbal\u0131klar\u0131 onaylay\u0131p \u00f6rtbas etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan b\u00f6yle bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet, genelde uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n y\u00fczkaras\u0131d\u0131r ve insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n lanetidir. Pekala a\u011f\u0131r konu\u015ftu\u011fumun fark\u0131nday\u0131m.<\/p>\n

“Olgular\u0131n kendisi de a\u011f\u0131rken a\u011f\u0131r konu\u015fulur, ancak olgular\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r olmamas\u0131 halinde a\u011f\u0131r konu\u015fman\u0131n gere\u011fi yoktur. Size kendinizi tutman\u0131z\u0131 ve yarg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ask\u0131ya alman\u0131z\u0131 tavsiye etmi\u015ftim. Ancak kan\u0131tlar \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131r, olay\u0131n kendisi t\u00fcm \u00e7\u0131plakl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla g\u00f6zler\u00a0 \u00f6n\u00fcne serilirken, benim umutlar\u0131m giderek s\u00f6n\u00fcp t\u00fckeniyor. Umar\u0131m ki, sesim \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131k\u00e7a, her f\u0131rsatta insaniyet ve hakikati dile getirmekten geri kalmam.”135<\/p>\n

17 Ocak tarihli The Independent” \u015fu soruyu soruyordu?:<\/p>\n

“1895\u2019in tarihi tekerr\u00fcr mi edecek? Sason\u2019da kalan Ermeniler bir Komisyon kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 reddedecek kadar ter\u00f6rle mi susturulacaklar? Hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphe yok.<\/p>\n

“E\u011fer zaten bilinen olgular Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya\u2019n\u0131n Do\u011fusunu H\u0131ristiyan bir Genel Vali\u2019nin idaresi alt\u0131na almaya zorlam\u0131yorsa, yeni olgular\u0131n bu etkiyi yarataca\u011f\u0131na dair \u00e7ok az umut vard\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00fcler hikayelerini anlatamaz. Ya\u015fayanlarsa Bedir Han ve Necip Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n insanl\u0131k anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na kurban gitmemek i\u00e7in konu\u015fmaktan \u00e7ekiniyorlar.<\/p>\n

“\u0130ngiltere art\u0131k H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n koruyuculu\u011funda \u0131srarl\u0131 olacak m\u0131 acaba? Ahlaki a\u00e7\u0131dan, b\u00f6yle bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc var. Uygar d\u00fcnya, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nu d\u00f6rt defa y\u0131k\u0131lmaktan kurtaran \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin Do\u011fu\u2019daki y\u00fcce misyonunu ba\u015farmas\u0131n\u0131 da d\u00f6rt g\u00f6zle bekliyordu.<\/p>\n

“\u0130n\u015fallah \u0130ngiliz kamuoyu \u0130ngiliz siyaset\u00e7ilerini harekete ge\u00e7meye zorlar!”<\/p>\n

31 Ocak 1895 tarihli “The Independent” Ermenilerin durumunu a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yordu :<\/p>\n

“T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki katliamlar\u0131n tekrarlanmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni, T\u00fcrk yetkililerin s\u0131n\u0131rlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00e7o\u011fu kez te\u015fvik etti\u011fi M\u00fcsl\u00fcman halk\u0131n H\u0131ristiyanlara kar\u015f\u0131 yobaz taassubu ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

“‘\u0130ngiltere\u2019nin ancak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yle dost olarak bu \u00fclkeyi reformlara y\u00f6nlendirebilece\u011fini’ s\u00f6yleyen T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin en yetenekli ve en iyi dostu Lord Stratford de Redcliffe der ki:<\/p>\n

” T\u00fcrkiye zay\u0131f, yobaz ve k\u00f6t\u00fc y\u00f6netilen bir \u00fclkedir. Do\u011fu sorunu ezelden beri bir olgu, bir ger\u00e7ekliktir. Bir volkan gibi uykuda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemler olur, ama patlamalar\u0131 s\u0131kt\u0131r, patlama zamanlar\u0131n\u0131 kimse kestiremez ve etkileri y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.”136<\/p>\n

“Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, bir do\u011fa yasas\u0131 gibi kendisini i\u00e7in i\u00e7in yiyip t\u00fcketme durumuna gelmi\u015ftir.”137<\/p>\n

“\u015eimdi Sason katliamlar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0 soru\u015fturacak Komisyon g\u00fcndemdedir. Bundan bir yarar beklenebilir mi? \u015e\u00fcpheli. Lord Stratford diyor ki:<\/p>\n

‘Bir katliam ya da isyan\u0131n delillerinin ne zaman ve nerede toplanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmiyoruz\u2026.(Komisyon\u2019un) b\u00f6yle arada bir toplanmas\u0131n\u0131n da rahats\u0131zl\u0131k yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve riskli oldu\u011fu belli. Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k onur k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131, ama ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131n etkisi en fazla ge\u00e7ici ve k\u0131smi olacak. Islah etmek istedikleri k\u00f6t\u00fcler, zaten \u0130stanbul\u2019da oturan b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn tohumlar\u0131\u2026'”138<\/p>\n

12 Aral\u0131k 1894 tarihli The “Westminster Gazette” \u015funlar\u0131 yaz\u0131yordu:<\/p>\n

“Berlin Kongresi\u2019nde sadece ve sadece \u0130ngiltere \u2013 \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc di\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7ler konuyla hi\u00e7 ilgilenmemi\u015flerdi \u2013 Rusya\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmetinden Ayastefanos\u2019ta koparm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu kaporay\u0131 yakarak, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n de\u011fersiz banknotlar\u0131n\u0131 Rusya\u2019n\u0131n sterlin g\u00fcvencesinin yerine ge\u00e7irdi.”<\/p>\n

Mr. Norman\u2019\u0131n yazd\u0131klar\u0131na bakal\u0131m:<\/p>\n

“\u2018\u0130ngiltere\u2019nin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131\u2019n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in \u2018Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc korumak gerekti\u011finden derinden etkilenen g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir T\u00fcrk dostu \u00fclkeye gelince, art\u0131k Mr. Freeman ile birlikte seve seve hayk\u0131rabilirim: \u2018Hakl\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda hakl\u0131ya darbe indireceksek, o zaman Kahrolsun \u0130ngiliz \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131, Kahrolsun Hindistan\u2019daki egemenli\u011fimiz!\u2019”139<\/p>\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki mesaj k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kla su\u00e7lanan Ermenilerin davalar\u0131 ve infazlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ngiltere D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nda nas\u0131l bir izlenim yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir:<\/p>\n

2 A\u011fustos 1893 Londra:<\/p>\n

“T\u00fcrklerin H\u0131ristiyan Ermenilere kar\u015f\u0131 zorbal\u0131klar\u0131 sorunu bug\u00fcn Avam Kamaras\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcndemine ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131. Baz\u0131 \u00fcyeler, bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce Caesarea ve Marsovan\u2019da k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 ayaklanmaya kat\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in tutuklanan mahkumlara kendileri ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131 su\u00e7layacak itiraflar elde etmek i\u00e7in i\u015fkence yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 haberleriyle ilgili bir soru \u00f6nergesi verdiler. D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Sir Edward Grey, sorulara cevaben D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n konuyla ilgili bilgisinin son derece az oldu\u011funu \u00fcz\u00fclerek belirtti. Tutuklanan (yarg\u0131lanan) elli alt\u0131 ki\u015fiden on yedisi idama, bir\u00e7o\u011fu da uzun hapis cezalar\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u2026\u0130ngiltere\u2019nin \u0130stanbul\u2019daki temsilcisi n\u00fcfuzunu Osmanl\u0131 otoritelerini mahkemelerin adil olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ikna etmek i\u00e7in kullanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ysa da yanl\u0131\u015f\u0131 d\u00fczeltme \u00e7abalar\u0131 sonu\u00e7 vermemi\u015fti.”140<\/p>\n

\u0130ngiltere\u2019nin en etkili gazetelerinden biri, Sason\u2019da i\u015flenen su\u00e7ta \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin sorumlulu\u011fu oldu\u011funu yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131:<\/p>\n

“Sason\u2019da i\u015flenen su\u00e7ta \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin birinci derecede sorumlulu\u011fu var. Lord Beaconsfield\u2019\u0131n temsil etti\u011fi \u0130ngiliz h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin 1878\u2019de Berlin\u2019de yeniden hat\u0131rlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fu \u2018onurlu bar\u0131\u015f\u2019\u0131n feci sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biri de budur. Neden Sason Ermenileri kurbanl\u0131k koyun gibi kasab\u0131n eline terk edilmi\u015fti? Neden Padi\u015fah ve pa\u015falar\u0131 zavall\u0131 Ermenilerin katledilmesi amac\u0131yla diledikleri emri verirken kendilerini \u00e7ok rahat hissetmi\u015flerdi? Ne yaz\u0131k ki, cevap \u00e7ok basit. Bunun nedeni, Berlin Kongresi\u2019nde sadece ve sadece \u0130ngiltere \u2013 \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc di\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7ler konuyla hi\u00e7 ilgilenmemi\u015flerdi \u2013 Rusya\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmetinden Ayastefanos\u2019ta koparm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu kaporay\u0131 yakarak, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n de\u011fersiz banknotlar\u0131n\u0131 Rusya\u2019n\u0131n sterlin g\u00fcvencesinin yerine ge\u00e7irmesiydi. “141<\/p>\n

1894\u2019de Dostlar Derne\u011fi Temsilci Komitesi, D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Kimberley Kontu\u2019na verdikleri bir dilek\u00e7eyle, Ermenilere yap\u0131lan zulm\u00fc protesto ederek \u0130ngiltere\u2019yi m\u00fcdahaleye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131:<\/p>\n

“\u0130ngiltere\u2019deki Dostlar Derne\u011fi Temsilci Komitesi, son zamanlarda\u00a0 Bab\u0131ali\u2019nin Ermeni H\u0131ristiyan uyruklar\u0131n\u0131n ac\u0131lar\u0131na ve ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 zulme dikkat \u00e7ekerken, ger\u00e7e\u011fi anlamak i\u00e7in \u00e7aba g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. \u0130\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz \u00e7a\u011fda her h\u00fck\u00fcmet i\u00e7in bir utan\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131 olan bu korkun\u00e7 zulm\u00fcn T\u00fcrk yetkililerce i\u015flendi\u011fini kabul etmek zorunday\u0131z.<\/p>\n

“Talebimiz, bu \u00fclkeye bu konuda g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilemeyecek bir sorumluluk ve yetki y\u00fckleyen 3 Temmuz 1878 tarihli K\u0131br\u0131s konvansiyonunun I. Maddesi ve 1878 Temmuz tarihinde imzalanan Berlin Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n LXI ve LXII. Maddelerinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesidir.<\/p>\n

“Her ne kadar bu taahh\u00fctler yakla\u015f\u0131k on d\u00f6rt y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine ait olsa da, Komite bunlar\u0131n i\u015fletilebildi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyecek durumda de\u011fildir. Tersine, \u00e7ok say\u0131da Ermeni H\u0131ristiyan zaman zaman keyfi bi\u00e7imde tutuklan\u0131yor, \u015fimdiki gibi salt hukuk komedileri say\u0131labilecek d\u00fczmece mahkemelerin i\u015flemleriyle, i\u015flemedikleri su\u00e7lardan hapislere at\u0131l\u0131yorlard\u0131.”142<\/p>\n

Dilek\u00e7eye verilen cevab\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dad\u0131r:<\/p>\n

“… Majestelerinin H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nin elindeki bilgiler, Asya T\u00fcrkiyesi\u2019ndeki Ermenilerin tutuklan\u0131p hapsedilmelerinin dini inan\u00e7lar\u0131na ba\u011flanabilece\u011fi \u015feklindeki yayg\u0131n inanc\u0131 teyit etmiyor.”<\/p>\n

1893 katliamlar\u0131n\u0131n Ermenilerin bir ihtilal tertibinden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tezinin sa\u00e7mal\u0131\u011f\u0131, Cyrus Hamlin\u2019in 20 Aral\u0131k 1894\u2019de “New York Herald”da yay\u0131nlanan mektubunda ortaya konulmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n

“Herald\u2019\u0131n Edit\u00f6r\u00fc\u2019ne:<\/p>\n

… Ermeniler soylu bir \u0131rk olmakla birlikte say\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7ok az, da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k ve silahs\u0131z. T\u00fcrk H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nin b\u00f6yle bir hareketten (ihtilal) en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir korkusu bile yok. \u0130mparatorlukta bin, hatta y\u00fcz Ermeni\u2019nin bile d\u00fc\u015fmanca niyetlerle toplanabilece\u011fi tek yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iyi bilir. \u00dcstelik onlar\u0131n silahs\u0131z olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ve silahla hi\u00e7 de ha\u015f\u0131r ne\u015fir olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 da. Ermeniler kurt s\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f kuzular gibi olurlard\u0131\u2026<\/p>\n

“…Osmanl\u0131 B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi\u2019nin t\u00fcm H\u0131ristiyan d\u00fcnyay\u0131 ajite eden ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin hesap vermesi gereken bu korkun\u00e7 zalimlikleri \u00f6rtbas etme giri\u015fiminden b\u00fcy\u00fck esef duyuyoruz. Olaylar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc duyup adalet ve yarg\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7abalamak \u00e7ok daha iyi olurdu. Uygar d\u00fcnyan\u0131n silahs\u0131z erkek, kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklara reva g\u00f6r\u00fclen bu k\u0131y\u0131m ve i\u015fkence olaylar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131namas\u0131 vakti geldi de ge\u00e7iyor bile\u2026”<\/p>\n

\u0130ngilizler on dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonunda Ermenilerin durumuyla ilgili kendi sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131n pekala fark\u0131ndayd\u0131lar. \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin bu su\u00e7taki pay\u0131, 12 Aral\u0131k 1894 tarihli “Westminister Gazette”nin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki makalesinde kabul edilmi\u015fti:<\/p>\n

“\u0130ngiliz-T\u00fcrk konvansiyonunun tek etkisi, Padi\u015fah\u2019\u0131n Berlin Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n LXI. [61.] Maddesi\u2019ne ald\u0131rmadan, Ermenistan\u2019da diledi\u011fini yapabilece\u011fine dair g\u00fcveninin artmas\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

“Bu nedenle, \u0130ngiltere \u00fc\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131dan sorumluluk sahibidir. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Ayastefanos Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019yla kopard\u0131\u011f\u0131 garantiyi ortadan kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Berlin Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u2018g\u00f6zetim\u2019 maddesini haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f, sonra da T\u00fcrkler \u00fczerinde etkili bask\u0131 imkanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Padi\u015fah\u2019\u0131n Asya dominyonlar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki t\u00fcm yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u0130ngiliz koruyuculu\u011funu kuran K\u0131br\u0131s konvansiyonuna son vermi\u015ftir.”<\/p>\n

Mr. Burke ate\u015fli bir s\u00f6ylevde \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti:<\/p>\n

“T\u00fcrk \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n B\u00fcy\u00fck G\u00fc\u00e7ler\u2019inin i\u00e7 dengesinde herhangi bir \u015fekilde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hi\u00e7 duymad\u0131m. Onlar t\u00fcm H\u0131ristiyan prensleri kafir diye k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmseyip adam yerine koymuyorlar. Tek dertleri onlara boyun e\u011fdirip halklar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda onlar\u0131n da canlar\u0131n\u0131 cehenneme g\u00f6ndermek. Vah\u015filerden de k\u00f6t\u00fc olan bu adamlar\u0131n sava\u015f\u0131, y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131 ve \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc salg\u0131nlar\u0131 yaymak istedi\u011fi Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n B\u00fcy\u00fck G\u00fc\u00e7leri\u2019yle ne i\u015fi olabilir ki? Bu insanlara Avrupa\u2019da herhangi bir a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kazand\u0131rmak isteyen bakanlar ve siyaset gelecek ku\u015faklar\u0131n her \u00e7e\u015fit aforoz ve lanetine lay\u0131k olacakt\u0131r.”143<\/p>\n

“Petit Parisien”in 27 A\u011fustos 1909 tarihli say\u0131s\u0131nda, Adana katliam\u0131yla ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki makale yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131:<\/p>\n

“Fas \u015fehrinde esir al\u0131nan (\u2026\u2026) partizanlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fkenceleri b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tiksinti hissetmeden okuyamazs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n

“Korkun\u00e7 bir \u015fekilde organ kesmeler, ayak ve el kesmeler, yanaklar\u0131 kesip di\u015fleri \u00e7\u0131karmalar, yaralara tuz basmalar, b\u00fct\u00fcn bu barbarl\u0131klar kamuoyunun vicdan\u0131n\u0131 sars\u0131p isyana sevk ediyor Bu canavarl\u0131klar\u0131n bizim \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda olmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fc? \u0130nsan\u0131n inanas\u0131 gelmiyor. Oysa Avrupal\u0131 konsoloslar kesin tan\u0131kl\u0131k ediyor. Umal\u0131m ki Avrupa\u2019da dillendirilen protestolar bo\u015fa gitmesin.<\/p>\n

“…Yaz\u0131k, i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fcleriyle ba\u015f ba\u015fa kald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, insan\u0131n i\u00e7inden ne b\u00fcy\u00fck bir zalimlik f\u0131\u015fk\u0131r\u0131yor! \u00d6tekilere ac\u0131 \u00e7ektirirken nas\u0131l da korkun\u00e7 bir zevk duyuyor. Belki de en zengin hayal g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7e\u015fit \u00e7e\u015fit i\u015fkence ile ifade ediyor\u2026.<\/p>\n

“K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya\u2019da yirmi y\u0131l \u00f6ndeki de\u011fil, daha d\u00fcnk\u00fc kitlesel cinayetler, bu i\u011fren\u00e7 manzaralar bug\u00fcn h\u00e2l\u00e2 her bellekte yer etmi\u015f durumda. Ger\u00e7ek bir kana susam\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla, dizginlerinden bo\u015fanm\u0131\u015f \u00e7eteler korkun\u00e7 fantezilerini hayata ge\u00e7irip t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00e7e\u015fitli cinayet y\u00f6ntemleriyle zevk i\u00e7in \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyorlard\u0131. \u0130nsanl\u0131ktan hi\u00e7 nasibini almam\u0131\u015f olan Mr. Edward Lockroy\u2019un hat\u0131rlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kasap Ahmed lakapl\u0131 Cezzar Ahmed Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n\u00a0 kanl\u0131 safahat alemleri g\u00fcnlerine geri d\u00f6n\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f gibiydi.\u00a0<\/p>\n

“…D\u00fcnyan\u0131n baz\u0131 k\u00f6\u015felerinde, sadece vah\u015fi halklar aras\u0131nda de\u011fil, ama yar\u0131-uygarl\u0131kta da ac\u0131mas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kesin gibidir! \u00c7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda siyasal bak\u0131mdan \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015f uluslarda siyasi tutuklulardan itiraf koparabilmek i\u00e7in eski i\u015fkenceleri tekrarlayan ya da yenilerini icat eden i\u015fkencecilerin var olmas\u0131 utand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir \u015fey.”144<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla birlikte, Ermenistan\u2019da ba\u015flat\u0131lan katliamlar, uygar d\u00fcnyada deh\u015fet ve \u00f6fke yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. “The Treatment of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, 1915-1916” (\u201cOsmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda Ermenilere Y\u00f6nelik Muamele, 1915-1916\u201d) Vikont Bryce\u2019\u0131n \u00f6ns\u00f6z\u00fcyle derlenip D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Fallodon Vikontu Grey\u2019e iletilen Mavi Kitap ad\u0131yla bilinen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, 1916 Ekiminde Majestelerinin Emriyle Parlamento\u2019nun her iki kanad\u0131na \u2013Avam ve Lordlar Kamaras\u0131\u2019na \u2013 sunulmu\u015ftur. Belgelerden olu\u015fan ve Arnold J.Toynbee\u2019nin edit\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde haz\u0131rlanan\u00a0 bir cilt, \u0130ngiltere H\u00fck\u00fcmeti taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Miscellaneous, No. 31,1916). Zul\u00fcm, i\u015fkence, katliam ve tehcire tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmi\u015f olan g\u00f6revliler, gazeteciler, diplomatlar ve \u00f6zel \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131n ifadelerini i\u00e7eren 684 sayfal\u0131k bu cilt* (\u00e7.n. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019si Pencere Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda Ermenilere Y\u00f6nelik Muamele, 1915-1916\u201d ad\u0131yla 2 Cilt halinde yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r) kendisini yok eden H\u00fck\u00fcmet\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 sadece bir \u00f6l\u00fcm kal\u0131m m\u00fccadelesi veren uysal ve sad\u0131k bir \u0131rka kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen su\u00e7un b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc konusunda okurun zihninde hi\u00e7bir \u015f\u00fcpheye yer b\u0131rakmaz.<\/p>\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki al\u0131nt\u0131lar, Amerikan “United Press” ajans\u0131n\u0131n \u0130stanbul muhabiri Mr. Henry Wood taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6nderilen, 14 A\u011fustos 1915\u2019te Amerikan bas\u0131n\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan yaz\u0131dand\u0131r:<\/p>\n

“Vaziyet o kadar kritik ki bu toplu katliam\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na \u00f6nleme\u00adye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7i Morgenthau kendini, T\u00fcrkiye’nin m\u00fcttefiki olan iki \u00fclkenin b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ilerinin i\u015fbirli\u011fini talep etmek zorunda hissetti\u2026Ermenilerin kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 zul\u00fcmlerin bu son perdesi\u00adnin \u00fc\u00e7 ayd\u0131r devam etmesine ra\u011fmen en \u00fccra k\u00f6\u015felerden \u0130stan\u00adbul’a g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckle ula\u015fmay\u0131 ba\u015faran raporlar Ermeni n\u00fcfusun hi\u00e7bir kesiminin bu uygulamadan muaf tutulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor\u2026 J\u00f6n T\u00fcrkler Ermenileri 50 y\u0131l geriye g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir karar alm\u0131\u015flar. Bu, J\u00f6n T\u00fcrk partisinin temel ilkelerinden olan T\u00fcrk \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almak i\u00e7in gerekliydi \u0130\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz durumun, Abd\u00fclhamit zaman\u0131ndaki Ermeni katliamlar\u0131yla tamamen benze\u015fti\u011fi s\u00f6yleniyor. …”145<\/p>\n

\u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n eski Trabzon konsolosu Comm. G. Gorrini ile yap\u0131lan ve 25 A\u011fustos 1915 tarihinde, Roma gazetesi “\u0130l Messaggero”da yay\u0131nlan r\u00f6portajdan al\u0131nt\u0131lar:<\/p>\n

\u201cBenim b\u00f6lgemde, 24 Hazirandan sonra, Ermeniler “tehcire” u\u011frat\u0131ld\u0131; yani evlerinden zorla \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p muhaf\u0131z ve jandarma g\u00f6zetiminde bilinmeyen bir yere g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcler. Pek az\u0131 i\u00e7in tehci\u00adrin anlam\u0131, gidilecek yer olan Mezopotamya i\u00e7leriydi; be\u015fte d\u00f6r\u00add\u00fc i\u00e7inse yollarda benzeri g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f, duyulmam\u0131\u015f zalimlikler sonucunda \u00f6l\u00fcm anlam\u0131na geliyordu.<\/p>\n

\u201cTehcirin resmen ilan\u0131 emri, \u0130stanbul’dan gelmi\u015fti. Bu merkezi h\u00fck\u00fcmetin ve “\u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti’nin i\u015fiydi. Yerel yet\u00adkililer ve genellikle M\u00fcsl\u00fcman halk, direnmeye, al\u0131nan kararda belirtilen \u00f6nlemleri hafifletmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131, bunun uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n u\u011fursuzluk getirece\u011fine inan\u0131yorlard\u0131, bu y\u00fczden ertelenmesini istediler. Ama merkezi h\u00fck\u00fcmetin karar\u0131 kesindi, herkes boyun b\u00fck\u00fcp sonu\u00e7lara katlanmaya raz\u0131 edildi.<\/p>\n

\u201cKonsoloslar araya girdi, hi\u00e7 de\u011filse kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 kur\u00adtarmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. Bir\u00e7ok ki\u015finin hari\u00e7 tutulmas\u0131n\u0131 talep ettik; ama buna sayg\u0131 duyulmad\u0131, “\u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti”nin ye\u00adrel \u015fubesinin m\u00fcdahalesi ve \u0130stanbul’dan yeni gelen emirler y\u00fc\u00adz\u00fcnden giri\u015fimimiz ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011frad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u201cBu ger\u00e7ek bir katliamd\u0131, su\u00e7suz insanlar \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc; benzeri g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f, duyulmam\u0131\u015f bir faciayd\u0131. \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fin en kutsal haklar\u0131 ayaklar alt\u0131nda \u00e7i\u011fneniyordu, tarihte kanla lekeli kara bir sayfayd\u0131 bu. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte her t\u00fcrl\u00fc katli\u00adam ve bask\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutulmu\u015f olan Ermeni Katoliklere kar\u015f\u0131 da, bu kez herkesten daha k\u00f6t\u00fc davran\u0131ld\u0131. Bu k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckler de, merkezi h\u00fck\u00fcmetin emriyle yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Trabzon’da 14.000 kadar Ermeni vard\u0131, bunlar Gregoriyen, Katolik ve Protestan\u2019d\u0131lar. Hi\u00e7\u00adbir zaman karga\u015fal\u0131\u011fa neden olmam\u0131\u015f, polisi toplu \u00f6nlem almak zorunda b\u0131rakmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Ben Trabzon’dan ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131mda, onlar\u00addan geriye y\u00fcz ki\u015fi bile kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u201cU\u011fursuz kanunnamenin yay\u0131nlanma tarihi olan 24 Temmuz\u00addan ba\u015flayarak, Trabzon’dan ayr\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131ma kadar ne yedim i\u00e7tim, ne de uyudum. Sinirlerim \u00e7ok bozulmu\u015ftu, midem bulan\u0131yordu; sa\u00advunmas\u0131z, su\u00e7suz insanlar\u0131n topluca \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesine tan\u0131k olmak b\u00f6ylesine m\u00fcthi\u015f bir i\u015fkenceydi.<\/p>\n

\u201cS\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilen Ermenilerin, Konsoloslu\u011fun pencereleri alt\u0131ndan, kap\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnden ge\u00e7i\u015flerini izlemek; ne ben ne de ba\u015fka biri onlara cevap veremez, elimizden hi\u00e7bir \u015fey gelmezken, yar\u00add\u0131m i\u00e7in yalvar\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 duymak korkun\u00e7tu. Kent ku\u015fatma alt\u0131n\u00addayd\u0131; her noktas\u0131, tam bir sava\u015f donan\u0131m\u0131na sahip 15 000 ki\u015fi\u00adlik bir askeri birlik taraf\u0131ndan korunuyordu, binlerce polis me\u00admuru, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcler alay\u0131 ve “\u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti” \u00fcyeleri de bu muhaf\u0131zl\u0131k g\u00f6revine kat\u0131l\u0131yordu. Feryatlar, g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131, ay\u00adr\u0131l\u0131klar, bir\u00e7ok intihar olay\u0131, korkudan aniden \u00f6lenler, delirenler, yang\u0131nlar, su\u00e7lu say\u0131lanlar\u0131n kentin ortas\u0131nda vurularak \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00admesi, evlerde ve k\u00f6ylerde hi\u00e7 nedensiz aramalar yap\u0131lmas\u0131; yol\u00adda her g\u00fcn y\u00fczlerce ceset bulunmas\u0131, gen\u00e7 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n zorla M\u00fcsl\u00fcman yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ya da \u00f6tekiler gibi tehcire zorlanmas\u0131, \u00e7ocukla\u00adr\u0131n ailelerinden ayr\u0131lmas\u0131, H\u0131ristiyan okullar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p soka\u011fa at\u0131lmas\u0131, zorla M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ailelere verilmeleri; y\u00fczlerce insa\u00adn\u0131n \u00fczerlerindeki g\u00f6mleklerle gemilere bindirilmesi, sonra Kara\u00addeniz’in sular\u0131na at\u0131l\u0131p bo\u011fulmalar\u0131, kimisinin De\u011firmendere’de bo\u011fulmas\u0131 -Trabzon’dan ayr\u0131lmadan \u00f6nceki g\u00fcnlere ait son unu\u00adtulmaz an\u0131lar\u0131m bunlar. Aradan bir ay ge\u00e7ti, ama h\u00e2l\u00e2 belle\u011fimde capcanl\u0131 duruyor ve beni \u00e7\u0131ld\u0131rt\u0131yorlar. \u0130nsan bir ay boyunca b\u00f6yle deh\u015fet verici olaylara, b\u00f6yle i\u015fkencelere tan\u0131k olursa, yar\u00add\u0131m etmek istedi\u011fi halde elinden hi\u00e7bir \u015fey gelmezse, do\u011fal ola\u00adrak ve kendili\u011finden bir soru gelir akl\u0131na tak\u0131l\u0131r: Acaba d\u00fcnyan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn yamyamlar\u0131, y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 hayvanlar\u0131 sakland\u0131klar\u0131 inlerinden, Afrika, Asya, Amerika ve Okyanusya’n\u0131n balta girmemi\u015f or\u00admanlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p da \u0130stanbul’da m\u0131 toplanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131? Burada g\u00f6\u00adr\u00fc\u015fmemize son vermeyi ye\u011fliyorum ve T\u00fcrkiye tarihinin bu kara sayfas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6d\u00fcns\u00fcz k\u0131namalar\u0131 gerektirdi\u011fini, t\u00fcm H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k aleminin \u00f6\u00e7 almak durumunda oldu\u011funu iddia ediyorum. Benim bildiklerimi herkes bilseydi, benim g\u00f6zlerimle g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerime, ku\u00adlaklar\u0131mla i\u015fittiklerime herkes tan\u0131k olsayd\u0131, h\u00e2l\u00e2 n\u00f6tr olan t\u00fcm H\u0131ristiyan g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin T\u00fcrkiye’ye kar\u015f\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7mek zorunda kalaca\u011f\u0131ndan ve insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmete, hunhar “\u0130ttihat ve Te\u00adrakki Cemiyeti”ne lanetler ya\u011fd\u0131raca\u011f\u0131ndan, ne \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f ne de es\u00adki tarihte e\u015fi benzeri g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bu korkun\u00e7 su\u00e7lar i\u015flenirken ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc davranan, hatta bunlara destek olan T\u00fcrkiye’nin m\u00fct\u00adtefiklerinin sorumluluk s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 daha geni\u015f tutacaklar\u0131ndan ku\u015fkum yok. Yaz\u0131klar olsun, utan\u00e7 verici b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar, deh\u015fet verici ve i\u011fren\u00e7!\u201d 146<\/p>\n

Bu raporun di\u011fer b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi gibi, Avrupa uluslar\u0131 i\u00e7inde T\u00fcrk politikas\u0131n\u0131 sadece Almanya desteklemi\u015fti. 4 Nisan 1916 tarihli “Hilal” adl\u0131 T\u00fcrk gazetesinden \u00e7evrilen ba\u015fyaz\u0131, Amerikan Ermeni Ve S\u00fcryanilere Yard\u0131m Komitesi taraf\u0131ndan aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\u201cGe\u00e7en g\u00fcn, telgraf acenteleri bize Viyana’da Alman millet\u00advekili Traub’un bir konferans\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zetini verdiler. Traub, T\u00fcr\u00adkiye yolculu\u011fundan yeni d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Gelibolu Yar\u0131madas\u0131’nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131mak f\u0131rsat\u0131n\u0131 buldu\u011fu T\u00fcrk asker\u00adlerinin sava\u015ftaki ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6vd\u00fckten sonra, \u00fcnl\u00fc konferans\u00e7\u0131, \u015fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131: “T\u00fcrkiye’ye, Avrupal\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclecek bir \u00fclke g\u00f6z\u00fcyle bak\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.” Bay Traub, T\u00fcr\u00adkiye’deki her t\u00fcrl\u00fc misyonerlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu be\u00adlirtiyor\u2026 \u0130\u015fte, Bay Traub’un konferans\u0131nda s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fi, bu mutlu de\u011fi\u015fikliktir. Alman milletvekili, T\u00fcrk halk\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131k kendi \u00fcl\u00adkesine sahip \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve hi\u00e7 kimsenin art\u0131k bu \u00fclkeyi s\u00f6m\u00fcremeyece\u011fini, hi\u00e7 kimsenin onlar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 ayaklar alt\u0131nda \u00e7i\u011fneyemeyece\u011fini d\u00fcnyaya ilk a\u00e7\u0131klayanlardan biridir. Dostu\u00admuz ve m\u00fcttefikimiz olan bu soylu \u00fclkenin say\u0131n temsilcisinin bu konu\u015fmas\u0131, bizleri \u00f6zellikle \u00e7ok mutlu etti.”147<\/p>\n

Alman H\u00fck\u00fcmeti T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Ermenileri imha politikas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6n\u00fclden destekledi\u011finden, Alman bas\u0131n\u0131na en sert sans\u00fcr uygulan\u0131yor, ger\u00e7ek durumla ilgili \u00e7ok az haberin yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131na \u00e7ok az izin veriliyordu. “Sonnenaufgan” (“Do\u011fu\u2019da H\u0131ristiyan Yard\u0131m \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Alman Birli\u011fi” Organ\u0131) 1915\u2019te durumu anlatan bir rapor yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Ayn\u0131 say\u0131da a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki a\u00e7\u0131klama notu da yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131:<\/p>\n

“\u00d6nceki say\u0131m\u0131zda, hem\u015firelerimizden birinin (Schwester Mohring) gezi notlar\u0131na yer vermi\u015f, ama bize bol miktarda ula\u015fan yeni ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 kamuoyuna a\u00e7\u0131klamaktan uzak durmu\u015ftuk. Dostlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n anlayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi, bu bize epey pahal\u0131ya mal olmakla birlikte, \u00fclkemizin durumu bunu gerektiriyor.”<\/p>\n

“Allgemenine Missions-Zeitschrift” Kas\u0131m 1915\u2019te baz\u0131 materyali de yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sans\u00fcr kurumu edit\u00f6re bask\u0131 yapmakla yetinmemi\u015f, ama 10 Kas\u0131mda makalenin Alman bas\u0131n\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131n\u0131 da yasaklam\u0131\u015f ve yay\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm n\u00fcshalar\u0131n\u0131 toplatmak i\u00e7in elinden geleni yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.148<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7i Morgenthau\u2019ya g\u00f6re:<\/p>\n

“B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 mutlak g\u00fcvenilir g\u00f6rg\u00fc tan\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n raporlar\u0131nda yer alan olgular, d\u00fcnya tarihinde daha \u00f6nce hi\u00e7 g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f ya da akla hayale gelmemi\u015f olan en vah\u015fi ve \u015feytani zalimlikleri bile geride b\u0131rak\u0131yor.”149<\/p>\n

1915-1916\u00a0 mezalimine tan\u0131k olan Alman misyoner ve hem\u015firelerin tan\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131 onlar\u0131n da d\u00fcnyan\u0131n geri kalan\u0131ndan daha az deh\u015fet ya\u015famad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyuyor. Ne var ki, yetkililer ve gazeteciler \u00e7o\u011fu kez imha siyasetini savunuyorlard\u0131. Kont Ernst von Reventlow, “DeutscherTageszeitung”da \u015f\u00f6yle yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131:<\/p>\n

“E\u011fer Bab\u0131ali Ermeni isyanlar\u0131 ve di\u011fer olu\u015fumlar\u0131n bir daha tekerr\u00fcr etmelerini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in eldeki t\u00fcm ara\u00e7larla ezilmelerinin \u015fart oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsa, o zaman bu hi\u00e7 de \u2018cinayet,\u2019 hi\u00e7 de \u2018zul\u00fcm\u2019 de\u011fildir. Ancak a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a adil ve elzem t\u00fcrden tedbirlerdir.”<\/p>\n

Almanya\u2019n\u0131n \u0130stanbul B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi, \u201cAlmanya m\u00fcttefikinin i\u00e7i\u015flerine kar\u0131\u015famaz\u201d demi\u015fti. E\u011fer Almanya\u2019n\u0131n tutumu sadece i\u00e7i\u015flerine kar\u0131\u015fmama olsayd\u0131, bu bile onun aklanmas\u0131na yetmezdi. “New York Tribune”de yay\u0131nlanan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki makale Almanya\u2019y\u0131 su\u00e7luyordu:<\/p>\n

“…Uzak Ermenistan\u2019da a\u00e7\u0131lan modern tarihin bu utan\u00e7 ve deh\u015fet verici sayfalar\u0131, on d\u00f6rt ay \u00f6nce Almanya\u2019n\u0131n Bel\u00e7ika\u2019ya sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 anlatan ana hikayenin, as\u0131l konunun bir yans\u0131mas\u0131 ve uzant\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir\u2026.<\/p>\n

“…Bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnya K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya\u2019n\u0131n \u00fccra k\u00f6\u015felerinde yaz\u0131lan deh\u015fet verici tarihe ne \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131kla ne de ku\u015fkuyla yakla\u015f\u0131yor\u2026.<\/p>\n

“Almanya\u2019n\u0131n d\u00fcnyada yapt\u0131klar\u0131 sadece yaz\u0131l\u0131 hukuka zarar vermekle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fil. Bu ancak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck bir ayr\u0131nt\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r. Bu \u00fclkenin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131, hepimizi Yirminci Y\u00fczy\u0131lda karanl\u0131k \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131na geri g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek\u2026 “150<\/p>\n

NOTLAR<\/b><\/p>\n

132\u00a0\u00a0 “Our Responsibility for Turkey”, Argyle D\u00fck\u00fc.<\/i><\/p>\n

133\u00a0\u00a0 Bryce, “Transcaucasia and Ararat”, s. 519, 4. Bask\u0131.<\/i><\/p>\n

134\u00a0\u00a0 Crisis in Turkey, Ek B., s. 163.<\/i><\/p>\n

135\u00a0\u00a0 The London Times, Haftal\u0131k bask\u0131, 14 Ocak 1895.<\/i><\/p>\n

136\u00a0\u00a0 The Eastern Question, s. 6.<\/i><\/p>\n

137\u00a0\u00a0 The Eastern Question, s. 97.<\/i><\/p>\n

138\u00a0\u00a0 The Eastern Question, s. 117.<\/i><\/p>\n

139\u00a0\u00a0 Norman, “Armenia and the Campaign of 1877”, s. 158-159.<\/i><\/p>\n

140 Armenia: A Martyr Nation, s. 230-231.<\/i><\/p>\n

141\u00a0\u00a0 The Westminster Gazette, 12 Aral\u0131k 1894 (Ermenice tekrar yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, Londra, Ocak 1895).<\/i><\/p>\n

142\u00a0\u00a0 “Minutes”, Society of Friends, London, 1894.<\/i><\/p>\n

143\u00a0 Lord Bryce, Transcaucasia and Ararat, 4. Bask\u0131, s. 519.<\/i><\/p>\n

144 Les Turcs ont passe la, s. 319-320.<\/i><\/p>\n

145\u00a0\u00a0 Treatment of Armenians, s. 2-3. (Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda Ermenilere Y\u00f6nelik Muamele, 1915-1916 1. Cilt, Pencere Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u00c7eviren: Ahmet G\u00fcner, s. 142).<\/i><\/p>\n

146\u00a0\u00a0 Treatment of Armenians, s. 290-292. . (Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda Ermenilere Y\u00f6nelik Muamele, 1915-1916 1. Cilt, Pencere Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u00c7eviren: Ahmet G\u00fcner, s. 523).<\/i><\/p>\n

147\u00a0 A. g. e., s. 656-656. (a.g.e. 2. Cilt, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019si: Attila Tuygan-Julide De\u011firmenciler, s. 483)<\/i><\/p>\n

148\u00a0\u00a0 Germany, Turkey, and Armenia, p. 61.<\/i><\/p>\n

149\u00a0\u00a0 The Tragedy of Armenia, s. 7.<\/i><\/p>\n

150 New York Tribune, 18 Ekim 1915. <\/i><\/p>\n

http:\/\/mamasyria.blogspot.com.tr\/2016\/02\/rafael-lemkinin-ermeni-soykrm-dosyas.html<\/i><\/b><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na Yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki Tepkiler. Argyle D\u00fck\u00fc Ermenilerin durumu nedeniyle \u0130ngiliz H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019ni su\u00e7luyordu: “Yar\u0131m y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca Bab\u0131ali\u2019nin iflah olmaz k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetini ve kurnazca zaman kazanma taktiklerini g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra, B\u00fcy\u00fck G\u00fc\u00e7ler\u2019in b\u00f6yle giri\u015fimlere (Ermeni vilayetlerinde katliamlar\u0131 ve reform planlar\u0131n\u0131 soru\u015fturacak bir komisyon) temsilcilerini g\u00f6ndererek vakit yitirmeleri ger\u00e7ekten de \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131. Her zamanki gibi, bu fars\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7eken biziz. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44,1,54],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38870","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ermeni-soykirimi","category-haberler","category-kitaplar-elestiriler"],"yoast_head":"\nRafael Lemkin'in Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 Dosyas\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=38870\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rafael Lemkin'in Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 Dosyas\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na Yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki Tepkiler. Argyle D\u00fck\u00fc Ermenilerin durumu nedeniyle \u0130ngiliz H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019ni su\u00e7luyordu: “Yar\u0131m y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca Bab\u0131ali\u2019nin iflah olmaz k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetini ve kurnazca zaman kazanma taktiklerini g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra, B\u00fcy\u00fck G\u00fc\u00e7ler\u2019in b\u00f6yle giri\u015fimlere (Ermeni vilayetlerinde katliamlar\u0131 ve reform planlar\u0131n\u0131 soru\u015fturacak bir komisyon) temsilcilerini g\u00f6ndererek vakit yitirmeleri ger\u00e7ekten de \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131. Her zamanki gibi, bu fars\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7eken biziz. 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Argyle D\u00fck\u00fc Ermenilerin durumu nedeniyle \u0130ngiliz H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019ni su\u00e7luyordu: “Yar\u0131m y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca Bab\u0131ali\u2019nin iflah olmaz k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetini ve kurnazca zaman kazanma taktiklerini g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra, B\u00fcy\u00fck G\u00fc\u00e7ler\u2019in b\u00f6yle giri\u015fimlere (Ermeni vilayetlerinde katliamlar\u0131 ve reform planlar\u0131n\u0131 soru\u015fturacak bir komisyon) temsilcilerini g\u00f6ndererek vakit yitirmeleri ger\u00e7ekten de \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131. Her zamanki gibi, bu fars\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7eken biziz. […]","og_url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=38870","og_site_name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","article_published_time":"2016-03-02T08:05:55+00:00","author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"25 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=38870","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=38870","name":"Rafael Lemkin'in Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 Dosyas\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#website"},"datePublished":"2016-03-02T08:05:55+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=38870#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=38870"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=38870#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Rafael Lemkin’in Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 Dosyas\u0131"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/","name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e","name":"admin","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?author=7"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38870","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=38870"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38870\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38872,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38870\/revisions\/38872"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=38870"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=38870"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=38870"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}