{"id":38363,"date":"2016-02-01T02:06:54","date_gmt":"2016-02-01T07:06:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=38363"},"modified":"2016-02-01T02:06:54","modified_gmt":"2016-02-01T07:06:54","slug":"ermeni-soykiriminin-olum-kamplari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=38363","title":{"rendered":"Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm kamplar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Khatchig<\/a>Vartan Estukyan<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n

Khatchig Mouradian, Clark \u00dcniversitesi Holokost ve Soyk\u0131r\u0131m Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ilk mezunu oldu. Prof. Taner Ak\u00e7am\u2019\u0131n dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u2018Osmanl\u0131 Suriyesi\u2019nde Soyk\u0131r\u0131m ve \u0130nsani Direni\u015f, 1915-1917\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 tezini yazan Mouradian, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle soyk\u0131r\u0131m s\u0131ras\u0131nda Suriye\u2019de kurulan \u00f6l\u00fcm kamplar\u0131na odaklan\u0131yor. \u015eu anda Worcester \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde ders veren Mouradian\u2019la 1915\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm kamplar\u0131n\u0131 ve soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n Suriye ve\u00e7hesini konu\u015ftuk.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Yak\u0131n zamanda bitirdi\u011fininiz doktora teziniz, 1915-1916\u2019da Halep ve Der Zor\u2019u ele al\u0131yor. \u00d6zellikle bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma say\u0131s\u0131 bir hayli k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131. Siz bu konuda ne dersiniz?\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Ger\u00e7ekten de Der Zor\u2019dan \u00e7o\u011fu zaman Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Auschwitz\u2019i diye bahsedilse de I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda orada ne oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steren ve anlatan akademik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar bulmak \u00e7ok zor. Osmanl\u0131, kamp n\u00fcfusuna dair detayl\u0131 kay\u0131tlar tutmu\u015f olsa da bu kay\u0131tlar ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n eri\u015fimine a\u00e7\u0131k de\u011fil. Ayr\u0131ca, Ermeniler Halep\u2019ten ve kamplar\u0131n oldu\u011fu di\u011fer yerlerden de s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilince, Bat\u0131l\u0131 diplomatlar\u0131n ve misyonerlerin ya\u015fananlara tan\u0131k olma -ve yard\u0131m etme- imk\u00e2n\u0131 ortadan kalkt\u0131. Kamplara dair bilgi edinmenin tek yolu, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilenler ya da k\u0131l\u0131k de\u011fi\u015ftirerek kampa girmeye cesaret edip orada yard\u0131m (\u00e7o\u011funlukla maddi) da\u011f\u0131tan ve ko\u015fullar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131ran ki\u015filerle konu\u015fmakt\u0131. Yine de diplomatik kay\u0131tlarda ya da misyonerlik belgelerinde buna benzer \u00e7ok az anlat\u0131m var.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131z boyunca hangi kaynaklardan yaraland\u0131n\u0131z?<\/b><\/p>\n

Tezimde, Halep\u2019te, Resulayn\u2019daki toplama kamplar\u0131nda ve Meskene\u2019den Der Zor\u2019a F\u0131rat nehri k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 boyunca ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmelerin \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir anlat\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sunuyorum. Bunun i\u00e7in \u00e7ok az\u0131 ke\u015ffedilmi\u015f bol miktarda Ermeni belgeleri ve anlat\u0131mlar\u0131 detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde inceledim. Bunlardan en \u00f6nemlisi, soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n hemen ard\u0131ndan Aram Andonyan taraf\u0131ndan bir araya getirilmi\u015f r\u00f6portajlar ve soyk\u0131r\u0131mdan kurtulanlar\u0131n tan\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131; bu belgeler \u015fu anda Paris\u2019teki Nubar K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi\u2019nden bulunuyor. Andonyan\u2019\u0131n Suriye\u2019deki Bab, Meskene, Rakka, Hamam, Der Zor ve di\u011fer kamplara dair belgeleri kimi zaman \u00e7izimler ve haritalar da i\u00e7eriyor ve t\u00fcm bunlar paha bi\u00e7ilemez bir kaynak te\u015fkil ediyor. Halep\u2019teki Ermeni Episkoposlu\u011fu\u2019nun ve onun M\u00fclteci Konseyi\u2019nin (Kaghtaganats Joghov) s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilenlerle ilgilenmek \u00fczere haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 raporlar, tutanaklar ve defterler baz\u0131 kan\u0131tlar sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Raporlar kamplar\u0131n kurulduklar\u0131 ilk haftadaki ko\u015fullar\u0131na \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutuyor, kasabalarda ve soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n ilk aylar\u0131nda Halep\u2019teki kampta bulunan s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerin detayl\u0131 bir listesini sa\u011fl\u0131yor. S\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerin ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 konu\u015fmak, ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek ve onlara yard\u0131m etmek i\u00e7in her g\u00fcn toplanan Komite\u2019nin tutanaklar\u0131, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndan Suriye\u2019ye gelmi\u015f binlerce Ermeni\u2019nin hayat\u0131n\u0131n kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131nda etkili bir rol oynayan bir komitenin harekat \u00fcss\u00fcne g\u00f6z atmam\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Komite\u2019nin sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda ve sonras\u0131ndaki gelirlerinin ve harcamalar\u0131n\u0131n kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zenle tutuldu\u011fu defterler de s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ve cemaatin sava\u015f\u0131n farkl\u0131 evrelerinde bu ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kar\u015f\u0131layabildi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor. S\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerin g\u00fcnl\u00fck ve an\u0131lar\u0131ndaki anlat\u0131mlar, soyk\u0131r\u0131m s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki Osmanl\u0131 Suriyesi\u2019ni anlamak i\u00e7in ba\u015fka bir \u00f6nemli kaynak te\u015fkil ediyor.<\/p>\n

Kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z Ermenice kaynaklar alana ne gibi yenilikler sunuyor? <\/b><\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmamda, Osmal\u0131 ar\u015fivleri ile diplomasi ve misyonerlik belgelerden edindi\u011fim kan\u0131t par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 Ermeni kaynaklar\u0131yla birle\u015ftirerek, faillerin eylemlerini ve yeralt\u0131ndaki yard\u0131m a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n onlara direnmek i\u00e7in g\u00f6sterdikleri \u00e7abalar\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in elzem olan bir zaman ve mekan\u0131n tarihini yeniden olu\u015fturdum. Osmanl\u0131\u2019daki organize Ermeni ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n yok edili\u015fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda ve sonras\u0131ndaki y\u0131llarda, hayatta kalanlar bir uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yok edilmesine y\u00f6nelik bu \u00e7aban\u0131n kayd\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zenle tuttular. Bu kay\u0131tlar\u0131n eksiksiz bir incelemesini yapmadan Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019na dair tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131ndaki \u00f6nemli sorular cevaps\u0131z kalacak ya da daha k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc, ya\u015fananlar faillerin tuttu\u011fu Osmanl\u0131 ar\u015fivlerindeki kay\u0131tlar\u0131n sadece ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara a\u00e7\u0131lan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 \u00fczerinden g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir. Benim \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam Ermeni kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frulu\u011funun kan\u0131tlanmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olarak; soyk\u0131r\u0131m kurbanlar\u0131n\u0131n ve hayatta kalanlar\u0131n sesini -ve arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131- yeniden ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n

Suriye\u2019deki kamplar bir yandan \u00f6l\u00fcm kamplar\u0131 olarak an\u0131l\u0131rken, bir yandan da izin alabilen insanlar\u0131n Halep\u2019e gidebildi\u011fi yerler olarak g\u00f6steriliyor. Bu anlamda, nas\u0131l yerlerden s\u00f6z ediyoruz?<\/b><\/p>\n

Farkl\u0131 kamplar farkl\u0131 ama\u00e7lara hizmet ediyordu: Mola yerleri, ge\u00e7i\u015f kamplar\u0131, toplama ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kamplar\u0131 ve imha mekanlar\u0131. Bu kamplar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6zetleyebiliriz. Osmanl\u0131 g\u00f6revlileri Ermeni s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerin tehcirini ve nereye yerle\u015fece\u011fini detayl\u0131 bir talimatnamede ana hatlar\u0131yla belirlemi\u015fti. Bu talimatname, Urfa, Der Zor ve Halep\u2019te Ermenilerin yerle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in belirlenen yerlerdeki idari \u00e7er\u00e7eveyi ortaya koyuyor. Talimatname, mola, ge\u00e7i\u015f ve yerle\u015fim yerleri detayl\u0131 tasvirlerine yer veriyordu. Kad\u0131nlara, \u00e7ocuklara ve hastalara \u00f6zellikle dikkat ederek, konvoylar i\u00e7in gerekli yiyecekler, ula\u015f\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131, konfor ve g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemleri; ge\u00e7ici bar\u0131naklar, konut, ekilebilir alan, besi hayvan\u0131 ve fakirlere yard\u0131m\u0131 kapsayan bir i\u00e7eri\u011fe sahipti. Bu yaz\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131n sahadaki durumla b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tezat olu\u015fturdu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek bile az kal\u0131r. Mahrumiyet, a\u00e7\u0131kta kalma, taciz ve tehlike, tehcir ve yerle\u015ftirme s\u00fcrecinin temel unsurlar\u0131yd\u0131. Yerle\u015ftirme, y\u00fcz binlerce insan\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6ldeki korumal\u0131 toplama kamplar\u0131nda kaderlerine terk etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir h\u00fcsn\u00fctabirdi. Talimatnamede, ge\u00e7i\u015f kamplar\u0131 ve yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgeleri olarak belirlenen yerler aras\u0131ndaki fark pratikte net de\u011fildi. Teoride, s\u00fcrg\u00fcnler yerle\u015fme ayarlamalar\u0131 yap\u0131lana kadar, k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcreli\u011fine ge\u00e7i\u015f kamplar\u0131nda kalacakt\u0131. Bu ayarlamalar \u00e7o\u011funlukla hi\u00e7 yap\u0131lmad\u0131 ve ge\u00e7i\u015f kamplar\u0131 kalabal\u0131k bir kal\u0131c\u0131 n\u00fcfusu olan, s\u00fcrekli yeni ki\u015filerin geldi\u011fi ve az say\u0131da konvoyun da terk etti\u011fi fiili toplama kamplar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kamplar, tasfiye edilene kadar katlanarak b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Bu kamplar nas\u0131l \u2018bo\u015falt\u0131ld\u0131\u2019?<\/b><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Suriyesi\u2019ndeki kamplar\u0131n bo\u015falt\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u015fama a\u015fama ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. \u2018Bo\u015faltma\u2019 terimini dikkat ederek kullan\u0131yorum. Bu kamplar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu, \u00e7ekirdek bir kadro ve kamptakilerin \u00e7o\u011fu zorla \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131ktan aylar sonra bile orada kalan birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz s\u00fcrg\u00fcnle birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam etti. B\u00f6lgedeki kamplar\u0131n tamamen kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u0130ttihat ve Terakki g\u00f6revlilerinin gelmesinin gerekti\u011fi en az\u0131ndan bir \u00f6rnek var. Nispeten daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan di\u011fer kamplar da sakinlerinin topluca g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirilmesinden k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra yok oldu. Neticede, kamp n\u00fcfusunun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131, yani y\u00fcz binlerce Ermeni, 1916\u2019da Der Zor b\u00f6lgesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ikinci dalga katliamda yok edildi.<\/p>\n

Tarih\u00e7i Raymond Kevorkian, Osmanl\u0131 Suriyesi\u2019nde \u015eubat ve Mart 1916’da soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n ikinci evresinin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Siz de bunu destekliyor musunuz?<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmamda, \u2018ikinci evre\u2019nin asl\u0131nda Ekim 1915, Kas\u0131m 1915 ve sonra da 1916 bahar\u0131nda verilen bir dizi kararla ayr\u0131lan \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 a\u015famadan olu\u015ftu\u011funu iddia ediyorum. Bu kararlar, 24 Nisan 1915\u2019tekilerle benzer bir yol izliyor ki, bu da 1915-1916 boyunca merkezi olarak koordine edilen \u00e7abalar oldu\u011fu fikrini destekliyor. Her a\u015famada, dini ve sivil kurumlar hedef al\u0131nd\u0131; dini ve sek\u00fcler liderler hapsedildi, s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc ya da \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc ve insanlar zorlu ve sert, bazen de t\u00fcmden d\u00fc\u015fman \u00e7evrelerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlere g\u00f6nderildi. 1916\u2019n\u0131n ilk aylar\u0131nda uygulanmaya ba\u015flanan bir dizi karar, Suriye \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fcndeki Ermeni n\u00fcfusu \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in son bir koordineli \u00e7aba oldu\u011funa i\u015faret ediyor. Mart 1916\u2019da, s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlere yard\u0131m edilmesine kat\u0131 bir yasak getirildi ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlere iyi davranan Kaymakam Ali Suat Bey g\u00f6revinden al\u0131nd\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca yine Mart ay\u0131nda, yetkililer Resulayn Kamp\u0131\u2019ndakilerin yeniden tehcir edilmesini h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131. Der Zor ve Musul y\u00f6n\u00fcne hareket eden iki konvoy katledildi. Korkun\u00e7 olsa da, Resulayn, ard\u0131ndan gelen Der Zor katliam\u0131 i\u00e7in bir deneme uygulamas\u0131 gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. 1916 bahar\u0131nda ve yaz ba\u015flar\u0131nda yetkililer s\u00fcrg\u00fcnleri kamptan F\u0131rat boyunca Der Zor\u2019a do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcmeye zorlad\u0131lar. Yeni kaymakam Salih Zeki, hayatta kalan s\u00fcrg\u00fcnleri yok etmekle g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015fti. Bu ama\u00e7la, jandarmalar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yerel a\u015firet reislerini ve \u00c7erkes birlikleri toplamak \u00fczere b\u00f6lgede bir tura \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Sonra da Der Zor\u2019daki s\u00fcrg\u00fcnler aras\u0131nda bulunan rahipleri, se\u00e7kinleri ve ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 tutuklad\u0131 ve b\u00f6lgede kalan son Ermenileri son bir tehcire zorlad\u0131. Tutuklu cemaat liderlerinin ailelerinin de bulundu\u011fu ilk grup, Temmuz ortas\u0131nda Der Zor K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn Cezire k\u0131sm\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130rili ufakl\u0131 12 konvoy, onlar\u0131 takip etti. Jandarmalar ve haydutlar bu s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerin \u00e7o\u011funu \u00e7\u00f6lde katletti. Zeki Bey bu s\u00fcreci, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman bizzat olmak \u00fczere izliyordu.<\/p>\n

Merkezi y\u00f6netim Der Zor\u2019a varmay\u0131 ba\u015faran Ermenilerle sonra ilgilenmeyi mi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc, yoksa o Ermenilerin kaderi tehcir karar\u0131 verildi\u011finde belirlenmi\u015f miydi?<\/b><\/p>\n

Dahiliye Naz\u0131r\u0131 Talat\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nceli\u011fi, Ermeni b\u00f6lgeleri ve Kilikya\u2019daki Ermeni topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n yok edilmesiydi. Y\u00fcz binlerce Ermeni\u2019nin imparatorluk \u00e7ap\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen tehcir ve katliamdan kurtulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 muhtemelen beklemiyordu. Ne var ki, do\u011fudaki ve merkezdeki b\u00f6lgeler Ermenilerden ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131nca Talat dikkatini Suriye\u2019ye \u00e7evirdi. O zamana kadar, imparatorluk \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki tehcir ve katliamlar\u0131 y\u00f6neten \u0130ttihat liderleri, \u2018g\u00fcneydo\u011fu Halep, Der Zor ve Urfa\u2019daki b\u00f6lgelere\u2019 varmay\u0131 ba\u015faran s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerle ilgilenmemi\u015fti. Talat, s\u00fcrg\u00fcnleri Der Zor\u2019a g\u00f6ndermenin \u00f6l\u00fcmle e\u015fde\u011fer oldu\u011funu \u00e7ok iyi biliyordu. Muhtemelen daha fazla bir \u015fey yapmak gerekmeyecekti. Fakat Ermenilerin kendilerine yetebilece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6remediler. \u0130nsani direni\u015f a\u011f\u0131, Halep\u2019teki binleri himayesi alt\u0131na ald\u0131 ve Suriye\u2019nin \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerindeki binlerce ki\u015finin hayat\u0131n\u0131 kurtard\u0131. S\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerden \u00e7o\u011funun her g\u00fcn binlerce ki\u015finin hastal\u0131ktan, mahrumiyetten ve \u015fiddetten \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kamplarda s\u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc do\u011fru olsa da, Ermeniler yok olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu nedenle 1916\u2019da ikinci tur katliamlar ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130nk\u00e2rc\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, amac\u0131n Ermenilerin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in Der Zor\u2019da kurulan hastane ve yetimhaneyi \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcyorlar. Bu konuda ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz? <\/b><\/p>\n

Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n temel \u00f6\u011felerinden biri, tutuklama, tehcir, zorla M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015ft\u0131rma ve toplu katliamdan olu\u015fan k\u00f6t\u00fcc\u00fcl bir atmosfer i\u00e7inde organize Ermeni hayat\u0131n\u0131 merkezi planl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yok etmekti; bu uygulamalar yerel \u00f6zelliklere ve amaca \u00f6zel \u00f6nlemlere uyarlan\u0131yordu. \u0130nk\u00e2rc\u0131 tarih\u00e7iler, bir belgeyi di\u011ferlerinden ay\u0131r\u0131p ya da belirli bir zaman ve mekanda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f bir olay\u0131 belirleyip bunu t\u00fcm zaman ve mekanlar\u0131 kapsayacak \u015fekilde genelle\u015ftirir ve alternatif bir d\u00fcnya yarat\u0131r. Der Zor\u2019a bakarsak, 1915 k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yetimhane kurulmu\u015ftu. Faaliyete ge\u00e7ti\u011fi ilk g\u00fcn olan 14 Kas\u0131m\u2019da, 2 ile 12 ya\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131nda 470 yetimin kayd\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131. Birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde bu say\u0131 1700\u2019e y\u00fckseldi. Bu yetimler, yetkililerin do\u011frudan g\u00f6zetimi alt\u0131nda Ekim 1916\u2019da katledildi.<\/p>\n

Daha sonra yetimleri katledeceklerse neden bir yetimhane kurdular? <\/b><\/p>\n

Tabii ki akla ilk gelen soru bu. Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131, Holokost ya da di\u011fer soyk\u0131r\u0131mlarda oldu\u011fu gibi, d\u0131\u015f etkilerden kopuk bir \u015fekilde, t\u00fcm imparatorlukta e\u015fzamanl\u0131 olarak birebir ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde uygulanmad\u0131. Beklenmedik ya da b\u00f6lgelere mahsus durumlar vard\u0131. Faillerin bir gecede 2 milyon insan\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildi. B\u0131rak\u0131n bir d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda yapmay\u0131, bunu bar\u0131\u015f zaman\u0131nda bile yapamazlard\u0131. Bu y\u00fczden yer de\u011fi\u015ftirme ya da yeniden yerle\u015ftirme gibi h\u00fcsn\u00fctabirler kulland\u0131lar. Unutmayal\u0131m ki, nihai ama\u00e7lar\u0131, yok etmeyi kontroll\u00fc ve reddedilebilir bir \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in ellerinden geleni yapmakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u2018Cemal Pa\u015fa, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurtarmak i\u00e7in Ermenilerin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi gerekti\u011fini savunuyordu\u2019<\/b><\/p>\n

Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda Cemal Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n rol\u00fc halen tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131. Onun soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 desteklemedi\u011fini ve Talat Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n kararlar\u0131na direndi\u011fini iddia eden \u00e7ok say\u0131da ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 var. Siz Cemal Pa\u015fa hakk\u0131nda ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz?<\/b><\/p>\n

Richard Pratt\u2019\u0131n Amerika Yerlileri i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6zleri kullanacak olursak, Cemal Pa\u015fa, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurtarmak i\u00e7in Ermenilerin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi gerekti\u011fini savunuyordu. Dini kurumlar\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 oyarak, Ermeni topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel dokusunu bozma politikalar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131 ve sald\u0131rgan bir \u015fekilde uygulad\u0131. Ermenice e\u011fitimi yasaklad\u0131 ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 te\u015fvik etti. \u00dcst d\u00fczey g\u00f6revlilerinden biri olan Ali Fuad Erden\u2019in s\u00f6zleriyle, \u201cCemal Pa\u015fa insanlar taraf\u0131ndan sevilmeyi seviyordu; pop\u00fclerli\u011fi seviyordu.\u201d Bu nedenle, bir\u00e7ok s\u00fcrg\u00fcne inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 gelen insanc\u0131l bir imaj \u00e7izdi; bu s\u00fcrg\u00fcnler, Cemal\u2019in Talat\u2019\u0131n emirlerine ra\u011fmen onlara yard\u0131m edece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc ki, bu do\u011fru de\u011fildi. Neticede Cemal, \u015fahsi ili\u015fkiler kurdu\u011fu, birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvendi\u011fi Ermenileri, bir millet olarak Ermenilerden ayr\u0131 tuttu. \u0130li\u015fkisi olan Ermeniler i\u00e7in eylemleri merkezden gelenlerinkiyle uyumlu olmasa da, di\u011ferleri i\u00e7in genellikle \u0130stanbul\u2019un politikalar\u0131n\u0131n yarat\u0131lmas\u0131nda rol almasa da bunlara inanan ve isteyerek uygulayan biriydi.<\/p>\n

Foto\u011fraf: Berge Arabian<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/tr\/yazi\/14200\/ermeni-soykiriminin-olum-kamplari<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vartan Estukyan Khatchig Mouradian, Clark \u00dcniversitesi Holokost ve Soyk\u0131r\u0131m Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ilk mezunu oldu. Prof. Taner Ak\u00e7am\u2019\u0131n dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u2018Osmanl\u0131 Suriyesi\u2019nde Soyk\u0131r\u0131m ve \u0130nsani Direni\u015f, 1915-1917\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 tezini yazan Mouradian, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle soyk\u0131r\u0131m s\u0131ras\u0131nda Suriye\u2019de kurulan \u00f6l\u00fcm kamplar\u0131na odaklan\u0131yor. \u015eu anda Worcester \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde ders veren Mouradian\u2019la 1915\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm kamplar\u0131n\u0131 ve soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n Suriye […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44,1,71],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38363","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ermeni-soykirimi","category-haberler","category-mulakatlar"],"yoast_head":"\nErmeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm kamplar\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=38363\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm kamplar\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Vartan Estukyan Khatchig Mouradian, Clark \u00dcniversitesi Holokost ve Soyk\u0131r\u0131m Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ilk mezunu oldu. Prof. Taner Ak\u00e7am\u2019\u0131n dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u2018Osmanl\u0131 Suriyesi\u2019nde Soyk\u0131r\u0131m ve \u0130nsani Direni\u015f, 1915-1917\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 tezini yazan Mouradian, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle soyk\u0131r\u0131m s\u0131ras\u0131nda Suriye\u2019de kurulan \u00f6l\u00fcm kamplar\u0131na odaklan\u0131yor. \u015eu anda Worcester \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde ders veren Mouradian\u2019la 1915\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm kamplar\u0131n\u0131 ve soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n Suriye […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=38363\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-02-01T07:06:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Khatchig-Mouradian-300x240.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"12 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=38363#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=38363\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e\"},\"headline\":\"Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm kamplar\u0131\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-02-01T07:06:54+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=38363\"},\"wordCount\":2406,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=38363#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2016\\\/02\\\/Khatchig-Mouradian-300x240.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\",\"Haberler\",\"M\u00fclakatlar\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=38363#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=38363\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=38363\",\"name\":\"Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm kamplar\u0131 - 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Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=38363","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm kamplar\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","og_description":"Vartan Estukyan Khatchig Mouradian, Clark \u00dcniversitesi Holokost ve Soyk\u0131r\u0131m Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ilk mezunu oldu. Prof. Taner Ak\u00e7am\u2019\u0131n dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u2018Osmanl\u0131 Suriyesi\u2019nde Soyk\u0131r\u0131m ve \u0130nsani Direni\u015f, 1915-1917\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 tezini yazan Mouradian, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle soyk\u0131r\u0131m s\u0131ras\u0131nda Suriye\u2019de kurulan \u00f6l\u00fcm kamplar\u0131na odaklan\u0131yor. \u015eu anda Worcester \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde ders veren Mouradian\u2019la 1915\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm kamplar\u0131n\u0131 ve soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n Suriye […]","og_url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=38363","og_site_name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","article_published_time":"2016-02-01T07:06:54+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Khatchig-Mouradian-300x240.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"12 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=38363#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=38363"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e"},"headline":"Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm kamplar\u0131","datePublished":"2016-02-01T07:06:54+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=38363"},"wordCount":2406,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=38363#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Khatchig-Mouradian-300x240.jpg","articleSection":["Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131","Haberler","M\u00fclakatlar"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=38363#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=38363","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=38363","name":"Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm kamplar\u0131 - 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