Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019nin diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/b><\/p>\n
Kom\u00fcnist diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yerle\u015fmesinden sonra ilk ad\u0131m olarak Bol\u015fevikler taraf\u0131ndan \u201csol\u201d Da\u015fnaklara y\u00f6netimde yer verilmesi anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n (2 Aral\u0131k 1920) bozulmas\u0131 olur. 1921 sonunda ise, Ermenistan Kom\u00fcnist (Bol\u015fevik) Partisi Merkez Komitesi, Ermeni Devrimci Federasyonu\u2019nu afi\u015fe etmek i\u00e7in uyduruk bir \u201cmahkeme\u201d d\u00fczenler. Ard\u0131ndan da, bir parti olarak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 gizlice s\u00fcrd\u00fcren Da\u015fnaktsutyun\u2019un ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 haz\u0131rlan\u0131r ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n
1923 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yerevan\u2019da, E.D.Federasyonu\u2019nun s\u00f6zde kendi kendini feshi kongresi d\u00fczenlenir. Kongre, partinin ge\u00e7mi\u015f faaliyetlerini k\u0131nar ve Sovyet Ermenistan\u2019da varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na son vermeye karar verir. Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n ta\u015fras\u0131nda ve \u015fehirlerinde bulunan 4000\u2019in \u00fczerinde Da\u015fnaktsutyun \u00fcyesi, Kom\u00fcnistlerin s\u00f6zlerine inanarak kendilerini a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131p, bu kongre i\u00e7in ad\u0131n\u0131 yazd\u0131r\u0131r. Bu listeler, birka\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra, Da\u015fnaktsutyun \u00fcyelerinin Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc Komite taraf\u0131ndan takibata u\u011framas\u0131na yarar.<\/p>\n
B\u00f6ylece Da\u015fnaktsutyun, Ermenistan\u2019da olas\u0131 bir muhalif parti olarak art\u0131k var olmaz. Men\u015fevikler, Eserler, H\u0131n\u00e7aklar ve Ermeni Halk Partisi de faaliyetlerine son verir. \u00dcstelik t\u00fcm milli ve gayr\u0131 milli partiler t\u00fcm SSCB sath\u0131nda yasaklan\u0131r. Sovyet Kom\u00fcnist (Bol\u015fevik) Partisi tek ve egemen parti olarak kal\u0131r Sovyet \u00fclkesinde. Farkl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler, fikir ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131na tahamm\u00fcl edilmez. \u0130. Stalin, yapmac\u0131k su\u00e7lamalarla parti i\u00e7inde kendisine muhalefet edenleri tasfiye eder. Stalin k\u00fclt\u00fc, t\u00fcm halk\u0131n \u00e7abalar\u0131yla elde edilen ba\u015far\u0131lar, SSCB\u2019nin ilerlemesi ve ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 kendisine atfedilerek, as\u0131l rol\u00fcn\u00fcn son derece abart\u0131lmas\u0131yla olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
Ermenistan Kom\u00fcnist Partisi pratik olarak, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z siyaset haz\u0131rlay\u0131p, uygulama imk\u00e2n\u0131ndan aciz ve Moskova\u2019dan ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olur. Bununla birlikte, Ermenistan parti liderleri, \u00fclkenin t\u00fcm y\u00f6netim ve idare sistemini elinde toplar.<\/p>\n
Sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n
\u00dclkenin siyasi-toplumsal hayat\u0131, Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019nin diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015fartlar\u0131nda ve y\u00f6netiminde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n
Partiye bu y\u0131llarda \u00e7ok say\u0131da ki\u015fi \u00fcye kaydolur ve partinin \u00fcye say\u0131s\u0131 20 y\u0131l zarf\u0131nda 7 kat b\u00fcy\u00fcyerek, 1941 y\u0131l\u0131nda 36 bin rakam\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Devletin en \u00fcst kanunu olan ve 1922 y\u0131l\u0131nda kabul edilen anayasa, giderek daha formel bir hal al\u0131r. Sorunlar, devlet kurulu\u015flar\u0131ndan ziyade parti organlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcr. En \u00fcst y\u00f6netim organ\u0131, partinin talimatlar\u0131yla olu\u015fturulan Sovyetlerin kongresi olur.<\/p>\n
Ermenistan, 1929 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar idari b\u00f6lgelere ayr\u0131l\u0131r. 1930 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki ziraat\u0131n kolektifle\u015fmesi nedeniyle y\u00f6netimi yerele yakla\u015ft\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck b\u00f6lgeler ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131larak, 25 b\u00f6lge olu\u015fturulur. B\u00f6lge da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, eyaletlerin olu\u015fturuldu\u011fu 1996 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar var olur.<\/p>\n
Sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131, zanaat odalar\u0131 ve sanat birlikleri, parti y\u00f6netimi ve etkisi alt\u0131nda faaliyet g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
Ermenistan gen\u00e7lik te\u015fkilat\u0131, V.\u0130.Lenin\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra (1924) onun ismini al\u0131r (Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n Lenin Kom\u00fcnist Gen\u00e7lik Derne\u011fi, ELK\u00c7D). ELK\u00c7D\u2019nin \u00fcye say\u0131s\u0131 1930\u2019lar sonunda 93 bin ki\u015fiyi bulunur.<\/p>\n
SSCB\u2019ndeki Kom\u00fcnist Partisi diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 1930\u2019larda totalitarizme d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019nin bu egemenli\u011fi, y\u00f6netici rol\u00fcn\u00fcn egemen olup, \u00fclkenin ekonomik, siyasal, toplumsal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr hayat\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm alanlar\u0131 ile d\u0131\u015f siyasetine h\u00fck\u00fcmran olmas\u0131yla kendisini g\u00f6sterir. Koca \u00fclkenin her k\u00f6\u015fesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen her \u015fey, yukar\u0131dan kontrol edilir.<\/p>\n
Ermenistan\u2019da toplum ve siyaset hayat\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netici ve te\u015fkil edici g\u00fcc\u00fc, Ermenistan Kom\u00fcnist Partisi ve partinin Merkez Komitesi olur.<\/p>\n
A\u015fot Hovhannisyan (1922-1927) (daha sonra Ermenistan Bilimler Akademisi akademisyeni, tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f tarih\u00e7i) ve A\u011fasi Khanc\u0131yan (1930-1936), 1920-1930\u2019lu y\u0131llarda Ermenistan Kom\u00fcnist (Bol\u015fevik) Partisi Merkez Komitesi birinci sekreterli\u011fini nispeten uzun s\u00fcreli\u011fine y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcr. Bu iki liderin, \u00fclkenin ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel y\u00fckseli\u015fi ile milli kadrolar olu\u015fturularak, e\u011fitilmesi konusundaki rol\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Siyasi bask\u0131lar<\/b><\/p>\n
Bol\u015fevik partisinin idarecileri, y\u00f6netimi ellerinde tutman\u0131n \u00e7aresini demokrasiden ziyade, bask\u0131 ve \u015fiddet uygulamakta g\u00f6r\u00fcr. \u0130lk kitlesel bask\u0131lar, Ermeni subaylara y\u00f6nelik uygulan\u0131r. 1920 Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve 1921 Oca\u011f\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 1400 Ermeni subay Ermenistan\u2019dan s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. S\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerin aras\u0131nda General Tovmas Nazarbekyan, Movses Silikyan ve daha ba\u015fkalar\u0131 bulunur.<\/p>\n
1923 y\u0131l\u0131nda Da\u015fnaktsutyun Partisi\u2019nin \u201ckendini fesh\u201d etti\u011fi ve partinin birka\u00e7 bine varan \u00fcyelerinin kendilerini a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131p, listelere al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu kongre sonunda, cezaland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 organlar\u0131n i\u015fi hayli kolayla\u015f\u0131r. 1920\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda ve daha sonraki d\u00f6nemde birka\u00e7 tutuklama dalgas\u0131 d\u00fczenlenerek, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ger\u00e7ekten de partiden uzakla\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan Da\u015fnaktsutyun \u00fcyesi tutuklan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cGenel kolektifle\u015fme\u201d sebebiyle ekonomik ve siyasi durumun had safhada k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fti\u011fi 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llarda yeni bir bask\u0131 d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n
Cebri kolektifle\u015fmeye kar\u015f\u0131 olup, \u201cKulak\u201d olarak damgalanan bir\u00e7ok k\u00f6yl\u00fc, k\u00f6ylerinden s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Sadece 1930\u2019lerin ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda Ermenistan\u2019da yakla\u015f\u0131k 1100 k\u00f6yl\u00fc aile, mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 elinden al\u0131n\u0131p, s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
\u015eiddet ve bask\u0131 kiliseye de ula\u015f\u0131r. Kilise ve manast\u0131rlar\u0131n mal varl\u0131klar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131 ba\u015flar. Ta\u015f\u0131nmazlara el konulduktan sonra di\u011fer mallar\u0131 soyulur. Bir\u00e7ok kilise kapat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n Sovyetle\u015fmesinden sonra art\u0131k resmi olarak Soyk\u0131r\u0131m an\u0131lmazken, kilisenin de 24 Nisanda Soyk\u0131r\u0131m kurbanlar\u0131n\u0131 anmas\u0131 1926 y\u0131l\u0131nda yasaklan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1937 sonuna kadar Ermenistan\u2019da yakla\u015f\u0131k 800 kilise kapat\u0131l\u0131r. Sadece birka\u00e7 kilise faal olarak kal\u0131r. 1930-1938 y\u0131llar\u0131nda ise, 164 din adam\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fiddet uygulan\u0131r ve 91\u2019i kur\u015funa dizilir.<\/p>\n
Ermenistan Kom\u00fcnist (Bol\u015fevik) Partisi Merkez Komitesi, 4 A\u011fustos 1938 tarihinde ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kararla Ecmiadsin manast\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Ermeni din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n ana merkezi olan Ecmiadsin katolikoslu\u011funun ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 karar\u0131 al\u0131r. Ecmiadsin, diasporayla ba\u011flant\u0131 i\u00e7inde olma ve episkoposluklar\u0131 denetleme imk\u00e2n\u0131ndan mahrum kal\u0131r. Ermeni kilisesi zor bir d\u00f6neme girer. Sadece ba\u015flayan \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 nedeniyle de\u011fi\u015fen durum, bu karar\u0131n fiiliyata ge\u00e7irilmesini engeller. Ermeni kilisesi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr ve kiliseye y\u00f6nelik siyaset yumu\u015far ve de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/p>\n
\u0130. Stalin k\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn tamamen \u015fekillendi\u011fi 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llarda, \u00fclkede yeni bir keyfi uygulama ve \u015fiddet dalgas\u0131 ba\u015f g\u00f6sterir. 1936-1938 y\u0131llar\u0131, Sovyet tarihinin \u201ckara y\u0131llar\u0131na\u201d d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Parti b\u00f6lge komiseri sekreteri S. Kirov\u2019un Leningrad\u2019da (Sankt Peterburg) \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi (1934), yeni bir \u015fiddet dalgas\u0131 uygulamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Masum ki\u015filer hapishanelere ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcn yerlerine yollan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ermenistan Kom\u00fcnist (Bol\u015fevik) Partisi birinci sekreteri, 35 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki A\u011fasi Khanc\u0131yan\u2019\u0131n, 1936 Temmuzunda Tiflis\u2019te \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, \u015fiddeti yaymak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0 Khanc\u0131yan, Sovyet Kom\u00fcnist (Bol\u015fevik) Partisi Transkafkasya b\u00f6lge komiseri sekreteri \u0130. Stalin taraf\u0131ndan atanm\u0131\u015f olan L. Beria\u2019n\u0131n kurban\u0131 olur. Beria daha sonra afi\u015fe edilip, kur\u015funa dizilir, fakat SSCB i\u00e7i\u015fleri halk komiseri g\u00f6revinde oldu\u011fu s\u00fcrece \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckler yapar.<\/p>\n
1936 A\u011fustos-Eyl\u00fcl aylar\u0131nda Ermenistan\u2019da yeni toplu tutuklamalar ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Bu tutuklama dalgas\u0131, Marksizm-Leninizm Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc ba\u015fkan\u0131 Nerses Stepanyan\u2019a fiktif dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ve tutuklanmas\u0131yla ba\u015flar. Bu dava, i\u00e7i\u015fleri halk komiseri Kha\u00e7ik Mu\u011fdusi taraf\u0131ndan bizzat y\u00f6netilir. Mu\u011fdusi, yazarlar Ye\u011fi\u015fe \u00c7arents, Aksel Bakunts, M\u0131k\u0131rti\u00e7 Armen, Gurgen Mahari vd. kar\u015f\u0131 da suni davalar ba\u015flat\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ermenistan h\u00fck\u00fcmeti eski ba\u015fkan\u0131 Sahak Ter-Gabrielyan, 1937 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki soru\u015fturmas\u0131 esnas\u0131nda 3. kat\u0131n penceresinden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 atlar (veya at\u0131l\u0131r). \u0130. Stalin, bu konuyla ilgili olarak Ermenistan Kom\u00fcnist (Bol\u015fevik) Partisi Merkez Komitesi\u2019ne bir mektupla ba\u015fvurur ve serbest ortal\u0131kta dolanan ve halk ekonomisine zarar veren \u201cErmeni halk\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131na\u201d kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadeleyi sertle\u015ftirmelerini talep eder.<\/p>\n
Ziraat okulu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011frencileri de cezaland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 organlar ve ihbarc\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcnden ka\u00e7maz.<\/p>\n
Sadece 1937 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ermenistan\u2019da 5000 ki\u015fi tutuklan\u0131r. Tutuklananlar\u0131n %67\u2019si kur\u015funa dizilir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikle \u00fclkenin uluslararas\u0131 alandaki durumu zorla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, bask\u0131 rejiminin yay\u0131lmas\u0131 sonsuz s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclemez. B\u00f6ylelikle, 1938 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Kas\u0131m-Aral\u0131k aylar\u0131nda \u00f6zel kararlarla belli bir oranda yumu\u015fama ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n
Bunun sonucunda, masum Sovyet insanlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik siyasi su\u00e7lamalarla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen \u015fiddet olaylar\u0131 azal\u0131r, fakat \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, sava\u015f sonras\u0131nda da tamamen son bulmaz. 1949 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise, insanlar kitleler halinde Altay\u2019a s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilir.<\/p>\n
Sovyet egemenli\u011fi d\u00f6neminde Ermenistan\u2019da su\u00e7suz yere yakla\u015f\u0131k 42 bin ki\u015fi bask\u0131 ve \u015fiddet kurban\u0131 olur, bu ki\u015filerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu kur\u015funa dizilir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcm bunlar, s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z \u015fiddet ve totalitarizm nedeniyle, demokrasinin olmamas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Stalin\u2019in caniliklerini nihayetlendirmek, ancak \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra (1953) m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olur.<\/p>\n
http:\/\/www.findarmenia.com\/arm\/history\/28\/610<\/p>\n
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Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019nin diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Kom\u00fcnist diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yerle\u015fmesinden sonra ilk ad\u0131m olarak Bol\u015fevikler taraf\u0131ndan \u201csol\u201d Da\u015fnaklara y\u00f6netimde yer verilmesi anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n (2 Aral\u0131k 1920) bozulmas\u0131 olur. 1921 sonunda ise, Ermenistan Kom\u00fcnist (Bol\u015fevik) Partisi Merkez Komitesi, Ermeni Devrimci Federasyonu\u2019nu afi\u015fe etmek i\u00e7in uyduruk bir \u201cmahkeme\u201d d\u00fczenler. Ard\u0131ndan da, bir parti olarak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 gizlice s\u00fcrd\u00fcren Da\u015fnaktsutyun\u2019un ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 haz\u0131rlan\u0131r ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[65,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38225","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ermenilerin-tarihi","category-haberler"],"yoast_head":"\n