{"id":37834,"date":"2015-12-18T01:46:10","date_gmt":"2015-12-18T06:46:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=37834"},"modified":"2015-12-18T03:41:54","modified_gmt":"2015-12-18T08:41:54","slug":"112-sovyet-ermenistanin-bolgesel-sorunlari-1921","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=37834","title":{"rendered":"112. Sovyet Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n b\u00f6lgesel sorunlar\u0131 (1921)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u0540\u0561\u0575\u0561\u057d\u057f\u0561\u0576\u056b<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n

Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n b\u00f6lgesel talepleri<\/b><\/p>\n

Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n Sovyet y\u00f6netimi, milli b\u00f6lgelerinin sorunuyla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131r. Y\u00f6netimdeki Ermeni Bol\u015fevikler, milli s\u0131n\u0131rlar ve b\u00f6lgeler sorununun adil bir \u015fekilde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fmas\u0131na ilgisiz de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7 Transkafkasya cumhuriyetleri aras\u0131nda var olan b\u00f6lgesel tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek amac\u0131yla, S. Kirov ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve \u00fc\u00e7 cumhuriyetin temsilcilerinin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla ilgili komisyon g\u00f6rev yapar.<\/p>\n

Ermenistan Kom\u00fcnist (Bol\u015fevik) Partisi Merkez Komitesi\u2019nde d\u00fczenlenen g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmede, d\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri halk komiseri A. M\u0131ravyan\u2019\u0131n \u201cAzerbaycan ve G\u00fcrcistan aras\u0131nda i\u00e7 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n tesis edilmesi sorunuyla ilgili\u201d raporu dinlenir. Raport\u00f6r ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ilgili belgeleri haz\u0131rlamakla u\u011fra\u015facak bir komisyon olu\u015fturulur.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6lgesel anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc ve d\u00fczenlenmesi i\u015fi, Transkafkasya\u2019n\u0131n parti lider kurulunun Rusya Kom\u00fcnist (Bol\u015fevik) Partisi Kafkasya b\u00fcrosunda odaklan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

S. Kirov\u2019un komisyonunun, Tiflis\u2019te ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi oturumda Ermenistan temsilcisi A. Beyzadyan, Sovyet Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu zor durumu hesaba katarak, b\u00f6lgesel tavizler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilerek, yo\u011fun Ermeni n\u00fcfusuna sahip Akhalkalak, Lori, Da\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f vs. b\u00f6lgelerinin Ermenistan\u2019a ba\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nerir. G\u00fcrcistan ve Azerbaycan, b\u00f6lge de\u011fi\u015fimine kar\u015f\u0131 gelir. Komisyon ba\u015fkan\u0131 S. Kirov bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 savunur. G\u00fcrcistan-Azerbaycan aras\u0131ndaki tart\u0131\u015fma konular\u0131nda da anla\u015fma olmaz. Ermenistan temsilcisinin \u00f6nerisiyle, sorun Rusya Kom\u00fcnist (Bol\u015fevik) Partisi Kafkasya b\u00fcrosuna ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n

16 Mart Moskova ve 13 Ekim 1921Kars antla\u015fmalar\u0131nda Ermeni b\u00f6lgeleri sorunu.<\/b><\/p>\n

Ermenistan, Aleksandrapol Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmesi konusunda Kemalist T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin olumsuz duru\u015fu nedeniyle Rusya\u2019n\u0131n deste\u011fine ba\u015fvurur. Daha do\u011frusu, Rusya, Ermeni-T\u00fcrk ili\u015fkilerinin d\u00fczenlenmesini \u00fczerine al\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye ise, 1920-1921 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Ermeni sorununu, Antant \u00fclkeleri (\u0130ngiltere, Fransa ve di\u011ferleri) ve Rusya\u2019dan taviz koparmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1921 y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015flar\u0131nda, Moskova konferans\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 esnas\u0131nda, T\u00fcrk taraf\u0131, aksi takdirde Antant taraf\u0131na ge\u00e7mekle tehdit edip, sorunlar\u0131 \u00f6nceden kendi lehine \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme ula\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in her yola ba\u015fvurur ve niyetine ula\u015f\u0131r. Ermeni topraklar\u0131, uluslar aras\u0131 devrim bahane edilerek, Rusya taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye hibe edilir. V. Lenin\u2019in belirtmi\u015f oldu\u011fu gibi, bu ama\u00e7la, Ermeni i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 ge\u00e7ici olarak feda edilmeliydi. \u0130. Stalin ve di\u011fer liderlerin bir\u00e7ok kereler tekrarlam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu gibi, Kars ve di\u011fer b\u00f6lgeler nedeniyle T\u00fcrkiye ile didi\u015fmeye gerekmezdi. G. \u00c7i\u00e7erin\u2019in Ermeni yanl\u0131s\u0131 duru\u015fuyla ilgili (toprak talepleri) \u0130. Stalin, bunun Ermenilerin emperyalist talepleri oldu\u011fu ve bu nedenle izin verilmemesi gerekti\u011fi konusunda V. Lenin\u2019e telgraf yollar.<\/p>\n

Rusya, T\u00fcrkiye ile yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere Ermenistan\u2019\u0131 da davet eder, fakat T\u00fcrkiye, Ermeni heyetinin kat\u0131lmas\u0131na itiraz eder.<\/p>\n

26 \u015eubat-16 Mart 1921 tarihleri aras\u0131nda Moskova\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen Rus-T\u00fcrk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri, dostluk ve karde\u015flik antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131yla son bulur. Ermeni heyeti (Aleksandr Bekzadyan, Sahak Ter-Gabrielyan), T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere kat\u0131lmaz, fakat Kars b\u00f6lgesi, Aleksandrapol ve Surmalu b\u00f6lgesinin geri verilmesi, yani 1914 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n yeniden tesisi konusunda \u00f6nerilerini haz\u0131rlar. T\u00fcrkler taraf\u0131ndan verilen tek taviz,\u00a0 G\u00fcrcistan\u2019a verilen Batum olur. Bu \u015fekilde fiilen Batum ile Kars ve Surmalu b\u00f6lgelerinin takas\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.<\/p>\n

Antla\u015fmaya istinaden Rusya, T\u00fcrklerle mesk\u00fbn t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgelerde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin haklar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131r. Ermenilerin soyk\u0131r\u0131ma u\u011frat\u0131lmas\u0131 veya kovulmas\u0131 sonucunda Bat\u0131 Ermenistan ve Kars b\u00f6lgeleri T\u00fcrklerle mesk\u00fbn hale gelmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kuzeydo\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 (Ermenistan Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti ile) Akhuryan ve Aras nehirlerinin yata\u011f\u0131ndan ge\u00e7er, Kars ve Surmalu b\u00f6lgeleri T\u00fcrkiye taraf\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r. Nakhicevan b\u00f6lgesi, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir tarafa verilmemesi \u015fart\u0131yla, Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n hamili\u011fine verilir. Bu \u015fart\u0131n Ermenistan\u2019a y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Rusya, bu adaletsiz antla\u015fman\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131 ve verdi\u011fi tavizler sayesinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi emperyalizm kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 kampta tutmaya ve T\u00fcrk-\u0130ngiliz yak\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 baltalamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Rusya ayr\u0131ca, devrimin T\u00fcrkiye sayesinde do\u011fuda yay\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fcmidini besler. Her hal\u00fck\u00e2rda, Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n hayati \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 ayaklar alt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131p, g\u00f6zden uzak tutulur.<\/p>\n

Sovyet Ermenistan, Moskova Antla\u015fmas\u0131 sayesinde 29 bin kilometre kare s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde (Lori ve Zangezur\u2019un kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131ndan sonra) kal\u0131r. H\u00e2lbuki 1920 T\u00fcrkiye-Ermenistan sava\u015f\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde Ermenistan Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin egemenli\u011fi, yakla\u015f\u0131k 60 bin kilometre kare \u00fczerinde yay\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. B\u00f6ylece Moskova Antla\u015fmas\u0131, Ermeni halk\u0131 i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6neme haiz olur. Uluslar aras\u0131 devrim ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmez ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015femezdi de, Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n feda edilmesi ise, s\u00fcrekli bir fiiliyata d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Moskova Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019na istinaden, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olan Transkafkasya cumhuriyetleri, Moskova Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n prensipleri temelinde, T\u00fcrkiye ile ayr\u0131ca antla\u015fmalar yapacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Yeni g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler Kars\u2019ta ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. Ermenistan, tarihi Ani \u015fehri ile Ko\u011fb\u2019taki tuz madenlerinin, Nakhicevan b\u00f6lgesinin hamili\u011finin, Oltu maden k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc, Ka\u011f\u0131zman madenleri ve di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n kendisine geri verilmesi \u00f6nerisinde bulunur.<\/p>\n

Transkafkasya-T\u00fcrkiye konferans\u0131, 26 Eyl\u00fcl-13 Ekim 1921 tarihinde, Rusya temsilcisinin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla, Kars\u2019ta ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Ermenistan heyetinin lideri, d\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri halk komiseri Askanaz M\u0131ravyan\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ermeni taraf\u0131n\u0131n talepleri tabii ki bu konferansta g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclemezdi. Her hal\u00fck\u00e2rda, A. M\u0131ravyan ile Rusya temsilcisi Yakov Ganetski, Ermenistan ba\u015fkenti Ani \u00f6ren yerinin iadesi ile Ko\u011fb tuz madenlerinin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n elde edilmesi sorununu ortaya koyar. Lakin bu talepler, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin inatla Moskova Antla\u015fmas\u0131 maddelerini savunmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulmaz. 13Ekimde, Moskova Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bir devam\u0131 olan Kars Antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalan\u0131r. Kars Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile Sovyet Ermenistan\u2019a, kendi b\u00f6lgelerinin kayb\u0131 kabul ettirilir.<\/p>\n

Moskova ve Kars antla\u015fmalar\u0131, fiili olarak Sovyet Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Ermeni sorununa vurmu\u015f oldu\u011fu s\u0131radaki darbeydi. Dahas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye ile Rusya aras\u0131ndaki antla\u015fman\u0131n tesisi, soyk\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131y\u0131 himaye etmekle e\u015fde\u011ferdi.<\/p>\n

Tek olumlu yan\u0131, T\u00fcrklerin 1921 Nisan\u0131nda Sovyet y\u00f6netiminin bask\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda Aleksandrapol\u2019\u00fc terk etmesiydi. Ancak ondan sonra, ne katliamlar ve y\u0131k\u0131mlar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015f olduklar\u0131 belli olur.<\/p>\n

Lori ve Akhalkalak sorunu<\/b><\/p>\n

Bu b\u00f6lgesel sorunlar, Ermeni-G\u00fcrc\u00fc ili\u015fkilerinde \u00f6nemli bir yer tutar. Men\u015fevik y\u00f6netimi, Lori\u2019nin G\u00fcrcistan\u2019a ba\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7abalay\u0131p, geri \u00e7ekilmek istemez. Lori\u2019nin kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131, b\u00f6lgede ayaklanma tertipleyip, d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan yard\u0131m g\u00f6nderme \u015feklinde planlan\u0131r. Bunu, G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n Sovyetle\u015fme s\u00fcreci takip edecekti. T\u00fcm bu olaylar\u0131 V. Lenin\u2019in takip etmesi, bunlar\u0131n \u00f6nemini g\u00f6stermektedir. Ayaklanmay\u0131 y\u00f6netmek amac\u0131yla Karakilise\u2019de (Vanadzor) Hovsep Lazyan y\u00f6netiminde bir heyet olu\u015fturulur. Karakilise \u00f6zel birli\u011fi, do\u011frudan ayaklanmayla ilgilenecekti.<\/p>\n

Ayaklanma 11 \u015eubat 1921 tarihinde ba\u015flar, sadece 3 g\u00fcn s\u00fcrer ve asilerin zaferiyle son bulur. Kurtar\u0131lan Lori, Sovyet Ermenistan\u2019la birle\u015fir. G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n Sovyetle\u015fmesiyle (25 \u015eubat 1921) Rus etkisinin t\u00fcm Transkafkasya\u2019ya yay\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00fcreci son bulur.<\/p>\n

Ermeni-G\u00fcrc\u00fc anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131ndaki di\u011fer konu, Akhalkalak\u2019\u0131n aidiyeti konusu olup, Ermenistan taraf\u0131ndan sorunun kendi lehinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 talep edilir. Lakin Sovyet G\u00fcrcistan bunu kabul etmez ve Lori\u2019nin Ermenistan\u2019a verildi\u011finden dolay\u0131, Akhalkalak\u2019\u0131n da G\u00fcrcistan d\u00e2hilinde olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini iddia eder. Karar da bu \u015fekilde 1921 Temmuzunda kabul edilir.<\/p>\n

Zangezur, Da\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f ve\u00a0 Nakhicevan sorunlar\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n Sovyetle\u015fmesinin hemen ertesi g\u00fcn\u00fcnde, Azerbaycan devrim komitesi taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilen bir kararnameyle, art\u0131k Ermenistan ve Azerbaycan aras\u0131nda b\u00f6lgesel \u00e7eki\u015fmelerin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, Zangezur, Da\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f ve Nakhicevan\u2019\u0131n, Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnmez k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 oldu\u011fu kabul edilir. Ermenistan Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti devrim komitesi, Azerbaycan devrim komitesinin karar\u0131na istinaden, 24 Aral\u0131k 1920 tarihli deklarasyonuyla, Nakhicevan b\u00f6lgesinin \u00f6zerkli\u011fini kabul eder. Lakin T\u00fcrk-Tatar (Azerbaycan) \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 liderlerinin k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmas\u0131yla Tatar beyleri ve hanlar\u0131n egemenli\u011fine ge\u00e7en tarihi Ermeni Nakhicevan b\u00f6lgesi, Moskova Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile Azerbaycan\u2019a ge\u00e7er. On y\u0131llar boyunca, \u00f6zellikle de Sovyet y\u00f6netimi y\u0131llar\u0131nda, b\u00f6lgedeki Ermenilerin say\u0131s\u0131 s\u00fcrekli azal\u0131r, 1916 y\u0131l\u0131nda % 40\u2019tan, 1926 y\u0131l\u0131nda 10,8\u2019e ve 1979\u2019da da 1,4\u2019e d\u00fc\u015fer. Nakhicevan, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde tamamen Ermeni n\u00fcfusundan bo\u015falt\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Zangezur sorunu<\/b><\/p>\n

Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n Sovyetle\u015fmesi sayesinde, b\u00f6lgenin daha sonraki \u00f6z savunmas\u0131 ve gelece\u011fi i\u00e7in yeni bir siyasi durum olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n

\u00dcnl\u00fc milli \u00f6nder Garegin Njdeh,\u00a0 Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n karar\u0131n\u0131n samimiyetine g\u00fcvenmeyerek, Zangezur \u00f6z savunma \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda durmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Njdeh, bar\u0131\u015f yapmaya kar\u015f\u0131 olmamakla birlikte, Zangezur ile Da\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f\u2019\u0131n Ermenistan\u2019la birle\u015fmesini \u015fart ko\u015far.<\/p>\n

25 Aral\u0131k 1920 tarihinde, Tatev manast\u0131r\u0131nda I. Zangezur kongresi tertiplenir. Ermenistan\u2019la birle\u015fme imk\u00e2n\u0131 olu\u015fana kadar, Zangezur\u2019un ge\u00e7ici olarak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z devlet, \u00f6zerk S\u00fcnik olarak ilan edilmesine karar verilir. Njdeh, S\u00fcnik genel komutan\u0131 ilan edilir. 27 Nisan 1921 tarihinde tekrar d\u00fczenlenen II. Zangezur kongresinde b\u00f6lge Da\u011fl\u0131k Ermenistan olarak an\u0131l\u0131r. Kongre, Da\u011fl\u0131k Ermenistan parlamentosu olarak ilan edilir. Da\u011fl\u0131k Ermenistan, Simon Vratsyan\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Ermenistan Cumhuriyeti olarak yeniden adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7at\u0131\u015fmalara son vermek amac\u0131yla Njdeh\u2019e yeni-yeni ba\u015fvurularda bulunulup, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bununla birlikte, Sovyet g\u00fc\u00e7leri nihai \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma faaliyetlerine haz\u0131rlan\u0131r. Bu g\u00fc\u00e7ler, 1921 Haziran-Temmuz aylar\u0131nda Zangezur savunmac\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 askeri faaliyetler geli\u015ftirir. Yenilgiler ve Sovyet y\u00f6netiminin vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu garantiler, Njdeh\u2019i silahlar\u0131 b\u0131rakmaya mecbur eder. Garegin Njdeh, Temmuz sonlar\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir taraftar grubuyla S\u00fcnik\u2019i terk edip, Ermenistan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7erek, \u0130ran\u2019a ge\u00e7er ve ard\u0131ndan da Bulgaristan\u2019a yerle\u015fir.<\/p>\n

Zangezur \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, bir milli kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131 olup, b\u00f6lgeyi Azerbaycan tehlikesinden korumaya y\u00f6neliktir. Zangezur k\u00f6yl\u00fclerinin, Garegin Njdeh \u00f6nderli\u011finde s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc m\u00fccadele tarihi \u00f6neme haiz olup, Zangezur b\u00f6lgesi bu sayede Ermenistan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u00e2hilinde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Artsakh (Da\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f-\u00e7ev. notu) sorunu<\/b><\/p>\n

Da\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f\u2019\u0131n kaderinin farkl\u0131 bir gidi\u015fat\u0131 ve sonucu olur. Garegin Njdeh, m\u00fccadelesine son verme \u015fart\u0131 olarak, Da\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f\u2019\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesi talebini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Ermenistan Cumhuriyeti, 12 Haziran 1921 tarihinde ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararla, \u201cAzerbaycan Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti devrim komitesinin deklarasyonu ve Ermenistan ile Azerbaycan devletleri h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri aras\u0131nda olan anla\u015fmaya istinaden, Da\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f\u2019\u0131 \u015fu andan itibaren Ermenistan Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin b\u00f6l\u00fcnmez bir par\u00e7as\u0131\u201d olarak ilan eder. Askanaz M\u0131ravyan, Da\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f\u2019\u0131n ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc komiseri olarak tayin edilir. Lakin Azerbaycan, bu karar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 engeller.<\/p>\n

G. Orconikitse ile S. Kirov, Azerbaycan devrim komitesi ba\u015fkan\u0131 N. Nerimanov\u2019a, Da\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f konusunda etnik prensibe g\u00f6re hareket etmesini, yani hi\u00e7bir Ermeni k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn Azerbaycan\u2019a ve tersine, hi\u00e7bir Azerbaycan k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn de Ermenistan\u2019a birle\u015ftirilmemesini sal\u0131k verir. Azerbaycan y\u00f6netimi, etnik prensipli s\u0131n\u0131r \u00e7izimini do\u011fru kabul etmez. Ard\u0131ndan da Da\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f sorunu Kafkas b\u00fcrosu genel kuruluna aktar\u0131l\u0131r ve 4 Temmuz oturumunda, Da\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f\u2019\u0131n, Ermenistan b\u00fcnyesine d\u00e2hil edilmesi karar\u0131 al\u0131n\u0131r. N\u00fcfusunun % 95\u2019inin Ermenilerden olu\u015ftu\u011fu Da\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f sorununda nihayet adil ve hukuki bir karar al\u0131n\u0131r. N. Nerimanov\u2019un bu karara protesto etmesinden sonra sorunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc Rusya Kom\u00fcnist (Bol\u015fevik) Partisi merkez komitesine (Moskova) havale edilir. Lakin bu karar ertesi g\u00fcn\u00fc, 5 Temmuzda yeniden g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilir ve Da\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f, Azerbaycan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r. Bu durum, Azerbaycan\u2019la olan ekonomik ba\u011flarla ili\u015fkilendirilmekteydi. Da\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f, \u015eu\u015fi merkezli \u00f6zerk bir b\u00f6lge olacakt\u0131. Kararlardaki benzer bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ihtimalle \u0130. Stalin\u2019in m\u00fcdahalesine ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131. B\u00f6ylece, Da\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f sorununun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde, milli yan g\u00f6zden \u0131rak tutularak, sadece ekonomik fakt\u00f6rler ele al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ermeni halk\u0131 ve Ermenistan y\u00f6neticileri bu karardan dolay\u0131 haliyle son derece ho\u015fnutsuz olup, \u015fik\u00e2yet etmelerine ra\u011fmen hi\u00e7bir \u015fey de\u011fi\u015fmez. Anavatanla birle\u015fme gayreti i\u00e7indeki Da\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f halk\u0131n\u0131n \u015fik\u00e2yetleri, Stalin\u2019in bask\u0131 d\u00f6neminde dahi dinmez, yeni zamanlarda ise halk, haklar\u0131n\u0131 silahla savunmaya mecbur olur.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6lgesel sorunlar\u0131n \u201c\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc\u201d sonras\u0131nda, Transkafkasya cumhuriyetleri s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n kesinle\u015ftirilmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kabul edilir. Sadece Ermenistan-G\u00fcrcistan ve G\u00fcrcistan-Azerbaycan aras\u0131nda antla\u015fmalar yap\u0131l\u0131r. Ermenistan-G\u00fcrcistan aras\u0131ndaki antla\u015fma, Ermenistan SSC halk komitesi konseyi ba\u015fkan\u0131 A. Myasnikyan ve G\u00fcrcistan SSC devrim komitesi ba\u015fkan\u0131 Budu M\u0131divani taraf\u0131ndan Tiflis\u2019te imzalan\u0131r. Bu antla\u015fmaya istinaden Akhalkalak b\u00f6lgesi G\u00fcrcistan, Lori ise Ermenistan topraklar\u0131nda kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ermeni sorunu, Londra ve Lozan konferanslar\u0131nda (1921-1923)<\/b><\/p>\n

Moskova\u2019da g\u00f6r\u00fclen Rus-T\u00fcrk konferans\u0131, Ermeni sorununa yeni bir darbe vururken, Londra ve Lozan konferanslar\u0131 bu sorunu nihai olarak g\u00f6mer.<\/p>\n

Londra konferans\u0131, 1921 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n \u015eubat-Mart aylar\u0131nda, bir tarafta Almanya, T\u00fcrkiye ve di\u011fer tarafta Antant devletleri aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. Antla\u015fman\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131ndan sonra uluslar aras\u0131 alanda, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin lehine ve Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n aleyhine olan de\u011fi\u015fimlerden dolay\u0131, Fransa ve \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nerisiyle, Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmesi sorunu ele al\u0131n\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin Fransa, konferans g\u00fcnlerinde T\u00fcrkiye ile gizli bir anla\u015fma imzalam\u0131\u015f, \u0130ngiltere ise, ikiy\u00fczl\u00fc siyasetini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ve t\u00fcm bunlara kar\u015f\u0131n, Londra\u2019ya gelen iki Ermeni heyeti, Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019la ilgili Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konmas\u0131 ile Kilikya\u2019da da \u201cidari \u00f6zerklik\u201d sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 talep eder. Sevr\u2019in reddedilmesinin akabinde ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin do\u011fu vilayetlerinde bir Ermeni \u201cmilli oca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u201d kurulmas\u0131 sorunu da, T\u00fcrk heyeti taraf\u0131ndan reddedilir.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6ylece, birle\u015fik ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Ermeni devleti kurulmas\u0131yla ilgili Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131, Londra konferans\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde sorumluluk alt\u0131na almayan, \u201cmilli ocak\u201d hakk\u0131nda bir bildiriyle yer de\u011fi\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n

Yak\u0131n Do\u011fu sorununun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesine adanm\u0131\u015f olan 1922-1923 y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki uluslar aras\u0131 Lozan Konferans\u0131\u2019nda kabul edilen belgelerden biri de, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 tespit eden, T\u00fcrkiye ile m\u00fcttefik \u00fclkeler aras\u0131ndaki bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ise, Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile Bat\u0131 devletleri taraf\u0131ndan Ermeni sorununun tan\u0131nmas\u0131 konusuna son verildi\u011fi anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Lozan\u2019da, T\u00fcrkiye d\u00e2hilinde herhangi bir b\u00f6lgede Ermenilerin konu\u015fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve onlar i\u00e7in \u201cmilli ocak\u201d kurulmas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcr. Milli (G. Noratunkyan, L. Ba\u015falyan) ile devletin (A. Aharonyan, A. Khatisyan) olmak \u00fczere iki Ermeni heyeti Lozan\u2019a gelir. \u0130ki heyet taraf\u0131ndan sunulan \u00fc\u00e7 ortak deklarasyon da kabul g\u00f6rmez.<\/p>\n

\u0130ngiltere, Fransa ve Rusya, bu siyasetleriyle Ermeni sorununu g\u00f6mer. Lozan Konferans\u0131 bunun zirvesini te\u015fkil eder. Ermenistan ve Ermeniler Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019nda art\u0131k belirtilmez. Ermeni sorunu yerine ortaya konan Ermeni g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin sorunu, Milletler Cemiyeti\u2019ne havale edilir.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.findarmenia.com\/arm\/history\/28\/596<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00c7eviren: DiranLokmag\u00f6zyan<\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n b\u00f6lgesel talepleri Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n Sovyet y\u00f6netimi, milli b\u00f6lgelerinin sorunuyla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131r. Y\u00f6netimdeki Ermeni Bol\u015fevikler, milli s\u0131n\u0131rlar ve b\u00f6lgeler sorununun adil bir \u015fekilde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fmas\u0131na ilgisiz de\u011fildi. \u00dc\u00e7 Transkafkasya cumhuriyetleri aras\u0131nda var olan b\u00f6lgesel tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek amac\u0131yla, S. Kirov ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve \u00fc\u00e7 cumhuriyetin temsilcilerinin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla ilgili komisyon g\u00f6rev yapar. Ermenistan Kom\u00fcnist (Bol\u015fevik) Partisi Merkez Komitesi\u2019nde […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[65,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37834","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ermenilerin-tarihi","category-haberler"],"yoast_head":"\n112. Sovyet Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n b\u00f6lgesel sorunlar\u0131 (1921) - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=37834\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"112. 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