T\u00fcrk-Ermeni sava\u015f\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n
Kemalist T\u00fcrkiye, 23 Eyl\u00fcl 1920 tarihinde, sava\u015f ilan etmeden Ermenistan Cumhuriyeti\u2019ne sald\u0131r\u0131r. Yakla\u015f\u0131k iki ay s\u00fcrecek olan Ermeni-T\u00fcrk sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flar.\u00a0 28 Eyl\u00fclde, belirleyici askeri faaliyetler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. Bu sava\u015f ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan itibaren Ermeni taraf\u0131 i\u00e7in talihsiz bir gidi\u015fat al\u0131r. Sald\u0131rganlar Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f\u2019\u0131 ve Merdenek\u2019i i\u015fgal eder. T\u00fcrk ordusu Ermenilere g\u00f6re say\u0131ca \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011fe sahipti.<\/p>\n
H\u00fck\u00fcmet, \u00fclkeyi sava\u015f durumuna getirmek i\u00e7in bir dizi ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc \u00f6nlem al\u0131p, d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan yard\u0131m alabilmek i\u00e7in diplomatik ad\u0131mlar atar. Lakin m\u00fcttefik \u00fclkelerden \u0130ngiltere, Fransa, \u0130talya ile ABD de Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n kader an\u0131nda ilgisiz kalarak, onu yapayaln\u0131z b\u0131rak\u0131r. Sovyet Rusya h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ise, m\u00fcdahale etmeme siyaseti g\u00fcder. K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu, Ermenistan\u2019a girip, \u00fclkeyi Sovyetle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in uygun bir an bekleyerek, Ermenistan-Azerbaycan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 boyunca yerle\u015fir.<\/p>\n
Kars, 30 Ekim 1920 tarihinde ciddi bir direni\u015f g\u00f6stermeden d\u00fc\u015fer. \u00c7ok say\u0131da esir ve cephane d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n eline ge\u00e7er. Kars\u2019\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesi sava\u015f\u0131n sonunu belirler. Birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra, Kas\u0131m ba\u015flar\u0131nda, Aleksandrapol (G\u00fcmr\u00fc-\u00e7ev. notu) da teslim olur. Tam bir hezimetten ka\u00e7\u0131nabilmek ve az-\u00e7ok \u015ferefli bir bar\u0131\u015f imzalamak amac\u0131yla taraflar aras\u0131nda 18 Kas\u0131mda nihai ate\u015fkes sa\u011flan\u0131r ve askeri faaliyetlere son verilir.<\/p>\n
Ermeni askerlerinin baz\u0131 yerlerde kahramanl\u0131k sergilemi\u015f olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Ermeni ordusu genelde ciddi bir direni\u015f g\u00f6steremez.<\/p>\n
Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n yenilgisinin temel sebebi, T\u00fcrk ordusunun say\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden ziyade, Ermeni ordusunun gerekli m\u00fccadele azmi ve organizasyonu ortaya koyamam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Aleksandrapol Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n
Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n askeri yenilgisi, siyasi krize yol a\u00e7ar. H. Ohancanyan\u2019\u0131n b\u00fcro-h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, 23 Kas\u0131m 1920 tarihinde istifa eder ve Eserlerin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla olu\u015fturulan S. Vratsyan\u2019\u0131n (1882-1969) koalisyon h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, T\u00fcrklerle hemen bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerine oturur.<\/p>\n
Bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri, 25 Kas\u0131mda Aleksandrapol\u2019da ba\u015flar. Ermeni heyetinin ba\u015f\u0131nda A. Khatisyan vard\u0131r. T\u00fcrk heyetinin ba\u015f\u0131nda bulunan ordu komutan\u0131 K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir pa\u015fa, bar\u0131\u015f \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 Ermeni heyetine dikte eder ve 30 Kas\u0131mda Ermenistan\u2019a muht\u0131ra verir.<\/p>\n
Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda as\u0131l\u0131 duran \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl T\u00fcrk tehlikesini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduran Ermenistan h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, T\u00fcrklerin zalim \u00fcltimatom \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 1 Aral\u0131kta kabul eder ve A. Khatisyan, Aleksandrapol Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 1920 Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 2\u2019sini 3\u2019e ba\u011flayan gece imzalar. Lakin 2 Aral\u0131kta Ermenistan Cumhuriyeti h\u00fck\u00fcmeti istifa etmi\u015f oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131, Ermeni heyetinin imzas\u0131n\u0131n hukuki ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi kalmaz. Her hal\u00fck\u00e2rda, Ermenistan\u2019a a\u011f\u0131r bir antla\u015fma dayat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 bir olgu olarak kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6ncelikle, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin zorlamas\u0131yla Ermenistan Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019ndan feragat eder. Kars ile hi\u00e7bir zaman T\u00fcrkiye b\u00fcnyesinden bulunmam\u0131\u015f olan Surmalu b\u00f6lgesi de bu antla\u015fmayla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ge\u00e7er. Nahicevan b\u00f6lgesi ise T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin himayesine verilir ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra (Moskova Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile) Azerbaycan\u2019a teslim edilir. Akhuryan ile Araks nehirleri, Ermenistan-T\u00fcrkiye s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Bu antla\u015fmaya istinaden Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n son derece k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 say\u0131da askeri g\u00fc\u00e7 bulundurmaya hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00a0Yerevan\u2019daki Ermeni-Rus g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri ve 2 Aral\u0131k 1920 antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n
1920 Temmuzunda Moskova\u2019da kesilen Ermeni-Rus g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri ancak, T\u00fcrk-Ermeni sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl tehlikenin as\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu Ekim ortalar\u0131nda Yerevan\u2019da tekrar ele al\u0131n\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri Rus taraf\u0131ndan Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Ermenistan b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi Boris Legran s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Legran\u2019\u0131n diplomatik misyonunun amac\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye ve Ermenistan aras\u0131nda arac\u0131 rol\u00fc oynamak ve Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n Sovyetle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in olumlu \u015fartlar olu\u015fturmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler neticesinde, 28 Ekimde Ermenistan-Rusya \u00f6n bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalan\u0131r. Sovyet Rusya, bu antla\u015fmaya istinaden T\u00fcrk ordular\u0131n\u0131, 1914 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sava\u015f \u00f6ncesindeki Rus-T\u00fcrk s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na kadar geri \u00e7ekmeye zorlayacak ve Ermenistan Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin, Nakhicevan ve Zangezur\u2019a y\u00f6nelik tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaz haklar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131yacak, di\u011fer taraftan da Ermenistan Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019ndan vazge\u00e7ip, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye asker, silah ve cephane nakletmek amac\u0131yla Sovyet K\u0131z\u0131l Ordusu\u2019na transit ge\u00e7i\u015f hakk\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. Lakin bu antla\u015fma tasla\u011f\u0131, Sovyet y\u00f6netiminin onay\u0131n\u0131 elde edemez.<\/p>\n
Sovyet Rusya h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, zaman kazanmak, Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den tam bir askeri yenilgi elde etmesini beklemek ve uygun anda bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l yoldan \u00fclkeyi Sovyetle\u015ftirme amac\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kas\u0131m sonunda, Ermenistan yenilmi\u015fken, \u00fclkenin Sovyetle\u015fmesi g\u00fcndeme gelir. Sovyet h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, Legran arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n Sovyetle\u015fmesini talep eder. 11. K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu birliklerine, Ermenistan\u2019a girip, \u00fclkeyi Sovyetle\u015ftirme emri \u00e7oktan verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
29 Kas\u0131m 1920 tarihinde Azerbaycan\u2019da kurulan Ermenistan Askeri Devrim Komitesi, Sargis Kasyan\u00a0 (1876-1937) liderli\u011finde ve K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu birlikleri e\u015fli\u011finde \u011eazakh \u00fczerinden Ermenistan\u2019a, Kervansaray\u2019a (\u0130cevan) girer ve Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n Sovyetle\u015fmi\u015f oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klar. Ermeni ordusu, Rus birliklerine kar\u015f\u0131 koymaz ve Sovyet egemenli\u011fi, Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n sessiz onay\u0131yla kabul edilir.<\/p>\n
\u00dclkenin \u00fcst y\u00f6netimi, olu\u015fan askeri-siyasi kriz \u015fartlar\u0131nda 1 Aral\u0131k 1920 tarihinde \u201ck\u0131z\u0131llar\u0131n\u201d, Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n Sovyetle\u015fme \u00f6nerisini kabul etmeye karar verir. Ertesi g\u00fcn\u00fc, 2 Aral\u0131kta, Aleksandrapol Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131ndan birka\u00e7 saat \u00f6nce, Ermenistan temsilcisi Dro ile Rusya yetkilisi Legran aras\u0131nda Yerevan\u2019da, Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n Sosyalist Sovyet Cumhuriyeti olarak ilan edildi\u011fi antla\u015fma imzalan\u0131r. Bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l y\u00f6netim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. S. Vratsyan h\u00fck\u00fcmeti g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak siyaset alan\u0131ndan \u00e7ekilir ve t\u00fcm egemenlik Ermenistan devrim komitesinin eline ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n
B\u00f6ylece, Ermenistan Cumhuriyeti y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131r ve Ermenistan, bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l bir \u015fekilde Sovyetle\u015fir. H\u00e2s\u0131l olan \u015fartlar d\u00e2hilinde, Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fka alternatifi yoktur. Sovyet Ermenistan, birinci Ermenistan Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin hukuki halefi olur.<\/p>\n
http:\/\/www.findarmenia.com\/arm\/history\/27\/586<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7eviren: Diran Lokmag\u00f6zyan<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00fcrk-Ermeni sava\u015f\u0131 Kemalist T\u00fcrkiye, 23 Eyl\u00fcl 1920 tarihinde, sava\u015f ilan etmeden Ermenistan Cumhuriyeti\u2019ne sald\u0131r\u0131r. Yakla\u015f\u0131k iki ay s\u00fcrecek olan Ermeni-T\u00fcrk sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flar.\u00a0 28 Eyl\u00fclde, belirleyici askeri faaliyetler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. Bu sava\u015f ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan itibaren Ermeni taraf\u0131 i\u00e7in talihsiz bir gidi\u015fat al\u0131r. Sald\u0131rganlar Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f\u2019\u0131 ve Merdenek\u2019i i\u015fgal eder. T\u00fcrk ordusu Ermenilere g\u00f6re say\u0131ca \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011fe sahipti. H\u00fck\u00fcmet, \u00fclkeyi sava\u015f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[65,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36972","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ermenilerin-tarihi","category-haberler"],"yoast_head":"\n