{"id":35860,"date":"2015-07-27T03:19:48","date_gmt":"2015-07-27T08:19:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=35860"},"modified":"2015-07-28T01:48:31","modified_gmt":"2015-07-28T06:48:31","slug":"sason-1894-ayaklanma-mi-yoksa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=35860","title":{"rendered":"Sasun 1894, ayaklanma m\u0131, yoksa\u2026?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"10458891_1571663309786247_5167621331030019272_n\"<\/a>Sofia Agopyan<\/b><\/p>\n

1894 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sasun\u2019da geli\u015fen olaylarla ilgili Ermeni ve yabanc\u0131 literat\u00fcrde iki yakla\u015f\u0131m g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmaktad\u0131r. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 bu olay\u0131 bir ayaklanma olarak adland\u0131rmaktayken, di\u011fer tarih\u00e7iler ise Sasun\u2019da vuku bulan\u0131n ayaklanma olmay\u0131p, bir \u00f6z savunma oldu\u011fundan emindir. Ben, bunu bir direni\u015f olarak adland\u0131rmay\u0131 tercih ediyorum.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u201cSasun etnografyas\u0131\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131n yazar\u0131 Vardan Petoyan, bu olay\u0131 bir ayaklanma olarak kabul etmektedir. H\u00e2lbuki bilimsel makaleler ve kitaplar bizi farkl\u0131 bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6t\u00fcrmektedir. Stepan Po\u011fosyan, \u201cErmeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 tarihi\u201d kitab\u0131ndaki Sasun olaylar\u0131na ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan \u00f6zel b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, bu olaylarla ilgili, Sasun\u2019daki 1894 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n ayaklanma olmay\u0131p, \u00f6z savunma oldu\u011funu belirtmektedir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkolog Ruben Safrastyan da \u201cOsmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda 1890 y\u0131llar\u0131 ortas\u0131ndaki Ermeni k\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n bilimsel de\u011ferlendirmesi konusu hakk\u0131nda\u201d makalesinde, \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir kan\u0131ta de\u011finmektedir. \u201cBu plan\u0131n \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelliklerinden biri de, Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimine kar\u015f\u0131 herhangi bir toplu ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131 olay\u0131 yokken, Ermeni n\u00fcfusa y\u00f6nelik ac\u0131mas\u0131zca katliamlar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmekti\u201d.<\/p>\n

Bir tek kelimenin de\u011fi\u015fiminin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir rol oynamay\u0131p, olgunun kendisinin \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu ve as\u0131l konunun \u00e7ok say\u0131da insan\u0131n katledilmi\u015f oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir, lakin \u201cayaklanma\u201d ve \u201c\u00f6z savunma\u201d kelimeleri aras\u0131nda do\u011fru se\u00e7im yapmak son derece \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Sasun\u2019da Ermeniler ile M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131na inmek i\u00e7in, \u00f6ncelikle 1894 y\u0131l\u0131ndan biraz geri gitmek laz\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ger\u00e7ekte bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar \u00e7ok daha eskiye dayanmaktad\u0131r. Hen\u00fcz 1860\u2019larda Sasun\u2019da, Khiyanl\u0131 ve Bagranl\u0131 K\u00fcrtler ile Ermeniler aras\u0131nda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar olmu\u015ftur. Bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar, her zamanki gibi K\u00fcrtlerin, Ermenilere ait s\u00fcr\u00fcleri ka\u00e7\u0131rmas\u0131ndan do\u011fmu\u015ftur. 800 K\u00fcrde kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele eden 50 Ermeni genci, s\u00fcr\u00fclerini geri getirmeye muvaffak olur. Ard\u0131ndan, 1877 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sasun\u2019un \u015eenik K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019nde, Ermenilerin evinde yemek yiyen K\u00fcrtlerin, aleni bir a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lama ni\u015fan\u0131 olarak kabul edilen, ka\u015f\u0131klar\u0131 geri vermek istememesinden dolay\u0131, bir tart\u0131\u015fma \u00e7\u0131kar. Bu olay, Ermeniler ve K\u00fcrtler aras\u0131nda aylarca s\u00fcren \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara sebebiyet verir. M\u0131cge\u011f, Berm, Semal ve Ka\u011fkik k\u00f6ylerinde de benzer olaylar vuku bulur. Talvorik k\u00f6ylerinde de durum s\u0131k-s\u0131k gerilir. Ermenilere y\u00f6nelik benzer yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n, t\u00fcm Ermeni kazalar\u0131nda da olmas\u0131yla birlikte, bu gibi olaylar Sasun\u2019da genellikle \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarla son bulmaktayd\u0131, Hac\u0131 \u011eazar\u2019\u0131n belirtmi\u015f oldu\u011fu gibi \u201cK\u00fcrt ve T\u00fcrk onlardan korkar. Onlardan birini K\u00fcrtler vurup, \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, Sasunlu Ermeniler birine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k elli K\u00fcrt katleder\u201d.<\/p>\n

Sasun\u2019da, yerel K\u00fcrtlerle olan anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n haricinde, h\u00fck\u00fcmete kar\u015f\u0131 ho\u015fnutsuzluk da artmaktayd\u0131. Bu durum, 1890\u2019lardaki katliamlardan \u00e7ok \u00f6nce ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1877-1878 y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki Rus-Osmanl\u0131 sava\u015flar\u0131 esnas\u0131nda Ba\u011fdat ve Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019dan yola \u00e7\u0131kan Osmanl\u0131 ordusu, Taron\u2019dan ge\u00e7erken Ermenilerin hesab\u0131na beslenir. Osmanl\u0131 askerlerini beslemeye mecbur olan Ermeniler, zaten a\u011f\u0131r vergilerden \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7iyken, \u015fimdi de her bir Ermeni aile 5-20 askeri yedirmeye m\u00fckellefti. Kendilerine, bu masraflar\u0131n vergiden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclece\u011fi s\u00f6z\u00fc verilir, fakat bu s\u00f6z tutulmaz. Ayn\u0131s\u0131 1880 y\u0131l\u0131nda olur. Dahas\u0131, H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n vergileri y\u00fckseltilir.<\/p>\n

Bu esnada, Bat\u0131 Ermenileri aras\u0131nda k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve ekonomik uyan\u0131\u015f, milli bilin\u00e7lenmenin geli\u015fmesine etki eder. Ermeniler art\u0131k daha iyi e\u011fitimliydi (ta\u015fral\u0131lar d\u00e2hil) ve K\u00fcrt feodaller ile devlet taraf\u0131ndan istismarlara art\u0131k dayanam\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Berlin kongresinde Ermeni sorununun do\u011fmas\u0131yla, Ermenilere bask\u0131 siyaseti art\u0131k devlet d\u00fczeyinde d\u00fczenlenir ve t\u00fcm Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu sath\u0131nda ba\u015flat\u0131l\u0131r. S\u00fcrekli huzursuzlu\u011fu ve kahramanl\u0131klar\u0131yla g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpan Sasun, Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019in kanl\u0131 plan\u0131n\u0131n ilk hedefi olmas\u0131na \u015fa\u015fmamak gerekir. Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019in \u201cAh Sasun, Sasun, ate\u015f yuvas\u0131 Sasun, bu ate\u015fi s\u00f6nd\u00fcrmek gerek\u201d s\u00f6zleri, Sasun trajedisinin as\u0131l sebeplerini net bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, Sasun\u2019daki Ermeni-K\u00fcrt \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 uzun y\u0131llara dayanmakta olup, Ermenilerin eylemleri hemen her seferinde, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n provokasyonlar\u0131na cevap niteli\u011finde olmu\u015ftur. Ermenilerle olan anla\u015fmazl\u0131klarda ka\u00e7 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u2019\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fi devlet i\u00e7in \u00f6nemsiz oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131, bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara hi\u00e7 m\u00fcdahale etmemekteydi. Dahas\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6neticileri hem Ermenilerin, hem de K\u00fcrtlerin zay\u0131flamas\u0131n\u0131 arzulamakta ve sakin bir \u015fekilde birbirlerinin kan\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7melerini takip etmekteydi.<\/p>\n

1890\u2019larda de\u011fi\u015fen neydi? Sasun\u2019da Ermenilerle K\u00fcrtler aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n sebebi \u0131rklar aras\u0131 anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar olup, devlet taraf\u0131ndan genelde g\u00f6rmezden gelinirken, devlet, 1890\u2019lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren burada bir \u00e7\u0131kar g\u00f6r\u00fcp, siyasi planlar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in bunlardan faydalanmaya ba\u015flar. Bu d\u00f6nemden itibaren devlet, sadece Ermeni-K\u00fcrt ili\u015fkilerine m\u00fcdahale etmekle kalmay\u0131p, di\u011ferlerinden fazla Ermeni \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f olan K\u00fcrt a\u011falar\u0131n\u0131 da \u00f6d\u00fcllendirir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkler, ayn\u0131 zamanda t\u00fcm bunlara dini ihtil\u00e2f s\u00fcs\u00fc vermek i\u00e7in \u00e7aba sarf eder ve cahil M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kesim aras\u0131nda H\u0131ristiyan kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 propaganda artar. \u00c7ok say\u0131da din adam\u0131 tutuklan\u0131p, kiliseler tahrip edilir, Ermeni k\u00f6yleri zaptiye birlikleriyle ku\u015fat\u0131lmaya ba\u015flan\u0131r. Y\u00f6neticiler, Sasun\u2019u giderek daha s\u0131kla\u015fan bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00e7emberine alma siyaseti ele al\u0131r. B\u00f6ylelikle, olu\u015fan \u015fartlar ve a\u011f\u0131r sosyal durum sonucunda \u00e7ok say\u0131da Sasunlu, Konstantinopel (\u0130stanbul-\u00e7ev. notu) veya Halep\u2019e g\u00f6\u00e7 eder ve bo\u015falan k\u00f6ylere devletin emriyle Diyarbak\u0131r, Bitlis, Halep, Ba\u011fdat ve di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerden farkl\u0131 K\u00fcrt a\u015firetleri getirilip, yerle\u015ftirilir. Merkezi Sasun\u2019dan ziyade, esasen b\u00f6lgenin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na yak\u0131n bulunan k\u00f6yleri M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarla doldurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak, Ermenilerin giri\u015f-\u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kapatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekicidir.<\/p>\n

Ermeniler, baz\u0131 k\u00f6ylerde te\u015fkilatlanmaya ba\u015flar. Fedai gruplar\u0131 olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n

\u0130ngiliz g\u00f6rg\u00fc \u015fahidi E. Dilon, Konstantinopel\u2019de bir Sasonluyla yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesini daha sonra \u201cDaily Telegraph\u201d gazetesinde yay\u0131nlar,<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Karapet, Sasun\u2019dan haberlerin var m\u0131?<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Evet efendi, var, karde\u015fim yazm\u0131\u015f. Sasun\u2019da her g\u00fcn katliam yap\u0131l\u0131yor, sadece bu sefer biraz fazla ses \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131k, ba\u015fka bir \u015fey yok.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmeti 1890 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sasun\u2019u isyan b\u00f6lgesi ilan etti. Sasun \u00e7evresinde askeri g\u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131\u011f\u0131na\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131 ve b\u00f6lgenin \u00f6nemli stratejik mevzilerini yava\u015f-yava\u015f ele ge\u00e7irmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u201cAyaklanma liderlerini\u201d bulma bahanesiyle k\u00f6ylere askerler sald\u0131rd\u0131. Onlarca k\u00f6y tahrip edilip, ya\u011fmaland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Devrimci lider Damadyan, 1893 y\u0131l\u0131nda Semal K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019nde tutuklan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkler, Damadyan gibi siyasi ki\u015filer \u00fczerinden, Ermenilerin Sasun\u2019da ayaklanma planlad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Lakin Ermeniler ayakland\u0131klar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 cezaland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ysa, t\u00fcm Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019ndaki Ermeni devrimcilerin say\u0131s\u0131 3000\u2019i ge\u00e7mezken, 1890\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda nas\u0131l olup da 300.000 Ermeni \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc?<\/p>\n

\u00d6nemli bir konu da, 1890\u2019lardaki Ermeni katliamlar\u0131nda padi\u015fah\u0131n en faal aleti olmu\u015f olan Hamidiye Alaylar\u0131, 1894 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde, hatta fedai gruplar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fekillenmesi \u00f6ncesinde olu\u015fturulmu\u015f oldu\u011fudur. Dahas\u0131, bu \u00e7etelerin komutanlar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131 1891 y\u0131l\u0131nda padi\u015fah taraf\u0131ndan Konstantinopel\u2019e \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131larak, kendilerine askeri unvanlar bah\u015fedilmi\u015fti. Hamidiye Alaylar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n en yo\u011fun bulunduklar\u0131 b\u00f6lge, 36 alayla Mu\u015f olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Ermeni katliamlar\u0131na tabii ki t\u00fcm K\u00fcrt a\u011falar\u0131 kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin T\u00fcrkler, Ermeni-K\u00fcrt i\u015fbirli\u011fi sayesinde Sasun\u2019un Hazro b\u00f6lgesinde yenilgiye u\u011frat\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Benzer birka\u00e7 \u00f6rnek daha vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1893\u2019te Sasun\u2019da kuvvetli \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ba\u015flar. \u0130lk b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma, Haziran ay\u0131nda Talvorik\u2019te ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Ermenilerin, Hamidiye Alaylar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n silahs\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla ilgili talebi reddedildikten sonra, ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z ge\u00e7en g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler, beklenen b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n habercisiydi. Ermeniler bir toplant\u0131 yap\u0131p, silahl\u0131 gruplar olu\u015fturma karar\u0131 al\u0131r. Geliguzan ve Semal k\u00f6yl\u00fcleri, Talvoriklilere yard\u0131ma gelir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131, masum halka y\u00f6nelik korkun\u00e7 katliamlar izler, fakat Ermeniler sonunda ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk ve K\u00fcrt \u00e7etelerinden olu\u015fan 73.000 ki\u015fi, 1894 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sason\u2019a sald\u0131r\u0131r. K\u00f6t\u00fc silahlanm\u0131\u015f Sasun Ermenileri k\u0131smen silah temin etmeyi ba\u015far\u0131r ve Talvorik\u2019te 304, Geliguzan\u2019da 742, \u0130\u015fkhanadzor\u2019da 176, A\u011fbik\u2019de 120, Semal\u2019de 168 ve Aliank\u2019da 189 ki\u015fi silahland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1 A\u011fustos 1894 tarihinde Sasun\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 genel sald\u0131r\u0131 ba\u015flar. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmalar, aral\u0131kl\u0131 olarak bir ay kadar s\u00fcrer. Lakin ku\u015fatma i\u00e7inde bulunan Sasun,\u00a0 yeterli silah ve g\u0131da olmadan, bu e\u015fitsiz m\u00fccadelede, uzun s\u00fcre dayanamazd\u0131. G\u00f6rg\u00fc \u015fahitleri, ya\u015f ve cinsiyete ba\u011fl\u0131 olmadan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan Sasunlular\u0131n cesaretleri hakk\u0131nda hayranl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 dile getirmektedir.<\/p>\n

Silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n sonunda halka y\u00f6nelik katliamlar ba\u015flar. Da\u011flara \u00e7ekilmeyip, k\u00f6ylerde kalanlar\u0131n hepsi k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7tan ge\u00e7irilir. \u00d6nemli bir nokta da, Ermenilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n, as\u0131l \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalardan ziyade, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 takip eden haftalar i\u00e7inde \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011fudur. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclenlerin \u00f6nemli biri k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma de\u011fil, katliam kurbanlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u201cM\u0131\u015fak\u201d gazetesinin Kas\u0131m 1894 say\u0131s\u0131nda Sason \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u015fu s\u0131ralamayla verilmi\u015ftir,<\/p>\n

27 Temmuz; \u015eenik ve Semal k\u00f6ylerine sald\u0131r\u0131, 2 Ermeni ve 34 K\u00fcrt \u00f6l\u00fc.<\/p>\n

1-2 A\u011fustos; Geliguzan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, 36 Ermeni, 359 K\u00fcrt \u00f6l\u00fc.<\/p>\n

3 A\u011fustos; Andok\u2019ta 103 Ermeni, 758 T\u00fcrk ve K\u00fcrt \u00f6l\u00fc.<\/p>\n

13 A\u011fustos; Andok\u2019ta 232 Ermeni, 681 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00f6l\u00fc.<\/p>\n

20-29 A\u011fustos \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda, iki taraftan da belirlenemeyen say\u0131da kay\u0131plar olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

As\u0131l \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar esnas\u0131nda \u00f6lenlerin toplam say\u0131s\u0131na bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, e\u015fit olmayan \u015fartlarda yap\u0131lan m\u00fccadeleden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak, savunmada bulunan Ermenilerin kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n, silahl\u0131 faaliyetler esnas\u0131nda \u00e7ok fazla olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, dahas\u0131,\u00a0 t\u00fcm \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda Sasunlu Ermenilerin verdikleri kay\u0131plardan daha \u00e7ok, kay\u0131p verdirmi\u015f oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. A\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131n pen\u00e7elerine d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ve silahs\u0131z kalm\u0131\u015f Sason\u2019a giren Osmanl\u0131 ordusu, o andan itibaren masum halk\u0131 katletmeye ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n

L. Lazarev\u2019e g\u00f6re katliam\u0131n eleba\u015flar\u0131 Zeki, Abdullah, Tahsin, Osman ve Fahri pa\u015falar olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

F. Grin, o d\u00f6nemde Sasun ve \u00e7evresinde bulunan yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ve Ermeni ka\u00e7aklar ile T\u00fcrk askerlerin tan\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 16 mektubu yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da, iki mektuptan tan\u0131kl\u0131klara yer verilmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u201cBir\u00e7ok cesedin \u00e7ukurlara doldurulup, toprakla \u00f6rt\u00fcld\u00fckleri, mezarlar\u0131n izlerini de ya\u011fmurla silinmi\u015f oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclenlerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 sadece yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak tahmin etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Lakin \u015f\u00fcphe g\u00f6t\u00fcrmez bir \u015fekilde, 40 k\u00f6y tahrip edilmi\u015f ve en az 16.000 ki\u015fi katledilmi\u015ftir\u201d (11 Kas\u0131m, 1894).<\/p>\n

\u201cKonstantinopel\u2019den, Ermenilerin ayaklanm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131na dair yalan haberler ula\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Padi\u015fah ferman\u0131nda, \u201cErkek, kad\u0131n veya \u00e7ocuklara ac\u0131yan herkes, inanc\u0131na ihanet etmi\u015f olacakt\u0131r\u201d,- denmektedir. En yakla\u015f\u0131k hesaplarla 15.000 ki\u015fi katledilmi\u015ftir. Baz\u0131 T\u00fcrk askerleri, herhalde yapm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131ndan utanarak, gelip, \u201cBiz ne yapabiliriz ki, emirlere uyduk\u201d,- diye anlatm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r\u201d (4 Aral\u0131k 1894).<\/p>\n

\u201cNor dar\u201d gazetesine istinaden yakla\u015f\u0131k 5.000 Osmanl\u0131 askeri \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f veya yaralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sasun\u2019da, Ermenilerin \u0130slamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecinin b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda, tam da bu tarihten, yani 1894\u2019ten sonra ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu belirtmek \u00f6nemlidir. 1890\u2019larda M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan ki\u015filerin varisleri, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar Sasun\u2019da ya\u015famaktad\u0131r ve atalar\u0131n\u0131n konuyla ilgili anlat\u0131lar\u0131 haf\u0131zalar\u0131nda h\u00e2len canl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u201cDaily News\u201d gazetesi, 1895 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f\u2019tan gelen bir haberi yay\u0131nlar.<\/p>\n

\u201cMu\u015f ve Bulan\u0131k\u2019tan s\u00fcrekli gelen Ermeni ka\u00e7aklar, son derece korkun\u00e7 bir durumdalar. Sason\u2019daki katliamlarla ilgili, daha \u00f6nce ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z haberleri do\u011fruluyorlar. Akrabalar\u0131ndan bir\u00e7o\u011funun, cebren \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 kabul etmi\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131 tasdik ettiler.<\/p>\n

Ermenilerin Sasun\u2019dan g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc, katliamlardan sonra ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olmakla birlikte, Sasunlular\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ya birka\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra kendilerine s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma sa\u011flayan da\u011flardan inip, tekrar evlerini in\u015fa ederek Sasun\u2019da ya\u015famay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, ya da g\u00f6\u00e7 edip, ard\u0131ndan da tekrar Sason\u2019a geri gelmi\u015flerdir (ba\u015fl\u0131ca g\u00f6\u00e7 yerleri Mu\u015f, Konstantinopel, Suriye ile Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n di\u011fer yerle\u015fim yerleri olmu\u015ftur). \u00c7ok say\u0131da Sasunlu da o y\u0131llarda art\u0131k d\u00f6nmemek \u00fczere b\u00f6lgeyi terk etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Lakin yeterli say\u0131da silaha sahip olmadan K\u00fcrtler ve T\u00fcrklere a\u011f\u0131r zayiat vermi\u015f olan Sasonlular\u0131n direni\u015fi nas\u0131l k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131? Ku\u015fatma alt\u0131nda kald\u0131ktan haftalar sonra gelen a\u00e7l\u0131k ve silah eksikli\u011finin haricinde, Sasonlular\u0131n direni\u015finin k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n daha ba\u015fka sebepleri de vard\u0131. Stepan Po\u011fosyan\u2019\u0131n hakl\u0131 olarak belirtmi\u015f oldu\u011fu gibi, \u201cBat\u0131 Ermenilerinin, milli bir konuda genel yakla\u015f\u0131m \u015fekillenmesine imk\u00e2n vermeyen sosyal (burjuvazi ve k\u00f6yl\u00fcler), b\u00f6lgesel (ta\u015fra Ermenileri ve \u0130stanbul Ermenileri) ve dini (Apostolik Kilise, Katolikler, Protestanlar) i\u00e7 \u00e7eli\u015fkiler de \u00f6nemli bir rol oynam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r\u201d.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, b\u00fcy\u00fck devletlerin bask\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda, Sasun olaylar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyecek olan bir heyet d\u00fczenler. Rus, \u0130ngiliz ve Frans\u0131z temsilcilerden olu\u015fan bu heyetin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 baz\u0131 haber kurulu\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan takip edilir. \u201cK\u00f6lner Zeitung\u201d gazetesinde yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, \u201cHeyet, \u00e7ok say\u0131da y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f k\u00f6yden ge\u00e7ti. Heyettekiler, yapt\u0131klar\u0131 incelemeler sonucunda, Ermenilerin anlatt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru oldu\u011funa kanaat getirdi\u201d.\u00a0 \u201cTaraz\u201d gazetesi, tetkik heyetinin Sasun\u2019da \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli vah\u015fet \u00f6rnekleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f, fakat uzman doktor ve terc\u00fcman eksikli\u011fi nedeniyle zorluklarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu yazmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ok say\u0131da K\u00fcrt a\u015firet reisi, isimlerinin gizli tutulmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131yla, devlet taraf\u0131ndan kendilerine yollanan katliam emirlerini g\u00f6stermeye haz\u0131r olduklar\u0131n\u0131 bildirmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

Heyet \u00fcyeleri S. Vilbir, M. P\u0131rjevalski ve H. \u015eampley, Sasun katliamlar\u0131n\u0131 inceledikten sonra haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 raporda, \u201cSasun\u2019un \u015eenik, Semal, Geliguzan k\u00f6yleri ile t\u00fcm Talvorik b\u00f6lgesi tahrip edilmi\u015f, insanlar ba\u015flar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki damdan mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn bir b\u00f6lgenin \u00e7\u00f6le d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesini, bir ayaklanma olmu\u015f olsa dahi, bir m\u00fceyyide olarak kabul etmek imk\u00e2ns\u0131zd\u0131r\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 heyet taraf\u0131ndan daha sonra sunulan raporda, \u201cKan\u0131tlar, Sasun\u2019da Ermenilerin ayaklanmaya kalk\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kesinlikle ispatlamamaktad\u0131r\u201d,- diye belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Raporda ayr\u0131ca \u00f6zellikle belirtildi\u011fine g\u00f6re, askeri faaliyetler esnas\u0131nda, en sert \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda dahi Ermeniler az kay\u0131p vermi\u015f ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalardan sonra d\u00fczenlenen katliamlar esnas\u0131nda imha edilmi\u015flerdir. Talvorikli 11 k\u00f6yl\u00fc d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, ba\u015fka sava\u015f esiri yoktur. Bu ses getiren rapor, sadece birka\u00e7 diplomat\u0131n konu\u015fmalar\u0131nda ve gazetelerde kullan\u0131l\u0131r, fakat bu da hi\u00e7bir \u015fey de\u011fi\u015ftirmez, dahas\u0131,\u00a0 Sasun ve t\u00fcm Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019daki Ermenilerin daha sonraki katliamlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesine katk\u0131 sa\u011flayamaz.<\/p>\n

Kaynak\u00e7a:<\/b><\/p>\n

Stepan Po\u011fosyan, <\/b>\u201cHayots tse\u011faspabutyan patmutyun\u201d<\/p>\n

Stepan Po\u011fosyan,<\/b> \u201cK\u0131rdery yev haykakan harts\u0131\u201d<\/p>\n

Ruben,<\/b> \u201cHay he\u011fapokhakani m\u0131 hi\u015fatakner\u0131\u201d<\/p>\n

Lazarev,<\/b> \u201cTurkiayum hayeri vo\u011fbergutyan pat\u00e7arnern u Sasuni kotoradsneri pataskhanatvutyun\u0131\u201d<\/p>\n

Ruben Safrastyan,<\/b> \u201cOsmanyan kaysrutyunum 1890 tt. Keserin haykakan kotoradsneri gitakan gnahatakani hartsi \u015furc\u201d<\/p>\n

Sait \u00c7etino\u011flu,<\/b> \u201c1894-96 Ermeni Katliamlar\u0131 ve Charmetant Raporu\u201d<\/p>\n

Cezmi Eraslan<\/b>, \u201cI. Sason \u0130syan\u0131 Sonras\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sosyal Problemler\u201d<\/p>\n

Andranik \u00c7elepyan,<\/b> \u201cZoravar Andranik\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00c7eviren: Diran Lokmag\u00f6zyan<\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sofia Agopyan 1894 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sasun\u2019da geli\u015fen olaylarla ilgili Ermeni ve yabanc\u0131 literat\u00fcrde iki yakla\u015f\u0131m g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmaktad\u0131r. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 bu olay\u0131 bir ayaklanma olarak adland\u0131rmaktayken, di\u011fer tarih\u00e7iler ise Sasun\u2019da vuku bulan\u0131n ayaklanma olmay\u0131p, bir \u00f6z savunma oldu\u011fundan emindir. Ben, bunu bir direni\u015f olarak adland\u0131rmay\u0131 tercih ediyorum. \u00a0\u201cSasun etnografyas\u0131\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131n yazar\u0131 Vardan Petoyan, bu olay\u0131 bir ayaklanma olarak […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,70,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35860","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-tarih-sayfalari"],"yoast_head":"\nSasun 1894, ayaklanma m\u0131, yoksa\u2026? - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=35860\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sasun 1894, ayaklanma m\u0131, yoksa\u2026? - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sofia Agopyan 1894 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sasun\u2019da geli\u015fen olaylarla ilgili Ermeni ve yabanc\u0131 literat\u00fcrde iki yakla\u015f\u0131m g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmaktad\u0131r. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 bu olay\u0131 bir ayaklanma olarak adland\u0131rmaktayken, di\u011fer tarih\u00e7iler ise Sasun\u2019da vuku bulan\u0131n ayaklanma olmay\u0131p, bir \u00f6z savunma oldu\u011fundan emindir. Ben, bunu bir direni\u015f olarak adland\u0131rmay\u0131 tercih ediyorum. \u00a0\u201cSasun etnografyas\u0131\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131n yazar\u0131 Vardan Petoyan, bu olay\u0131 bir ayaklanma olarak […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=35860\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-07-27T08:19:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2015-07-28T06:48:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/10458891_1571663309786247_5167621331030019272_n-300x200.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"13 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=35860#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=35860\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e\"},\"headline\":\"Sasun 1894, ayaklanma m\u0131, yoksa\u2026?\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-07-27T08:19:48+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2015-07-28T06:48:31+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=35860\"},\"wordCount\":2676,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=35860#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2015\\\/07\\\/10458891_1571663309786247_5167621331030019272_n-300x200.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Haberler\",\"Makaleler\",\"Tarih Sayfalar\u0131\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=35860#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=35860\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=35860\",\"name\":\"Sasun 1894, ayaklanma m\u0131, yoksa\u2026? 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- Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=35860","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Sasun 1894, ayaklanma m\u0131, yoksa\u2026? - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","og_description":"Sofia Agopyan 1894 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sasun\u2019da geli\u015fen olaylarla ilgili Ermeni ve yabanc\u0131 literat\u00fcrde iki yakla\u015f\u0131m g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmaktad\u0131r. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 bu olay\u0131 bir ayaklanma olarak adland\u0131rmaktayken, di\u011fer tarih\u00e7iler ise Sasun\u2019da vuku bulan\u0131n ayaklanma olmay\u0131p, bir \u00f6z savunma oldu\u011fundan emindir. Ben, bunu bir direni\u015f olarak adland\u0131rmay\u0131 tercih ediyorum. \u00a0\u201cSasun etnografyas\u0131\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131n yazar\u0131 Vardan Petoyan, bu olay\u0131 bir ayaklanma olarak […]","og_url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=35860","og_site_name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","article_published_time":"2015-07-27T08:19:48+00:00","article_modified_time":"2015-07-28T06:48:31+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/10458891_1571663309786247_5167621331030019272_n-300x200.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"13 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=35860#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=35860"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e"},"headline":"Sasun 1894, ayaklanma m\u0131, yoksa\u2026?","datePublished":"2015-07-27T08:19:48+00:00","dateModified":"2015-07-28T06:48:31+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=35860"},"wordCount":2676,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=35860#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/10458891_1571663309786247_5167621331030019272_n-300x200.jpg","articleSection":["Haberler","Makaleler","Tarih Sayfalar\u0131"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=35860#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=35860","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=35860","name":"Sasun 1894, ayaklanma m\u0131, yoksa\u2026? 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