{"id":35486,"date":"2015-06-30T03:25:36","date_gmt":"2015-06-30T08:25:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=35486"},"modified":"2015-06-30T03:25:36","modified_gmt":"2015-06-30T08:25:36","slug":"tbmm-hic-cok-renkli-oldu-mu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=35486","title":{"rendered":"TBMM, hi\u00e7 ‘\u00e7ok renkli’ oldu mu?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"TBMM\"<\/a>Ay\u015fe H\u00fcr<\/b><\/p>\n

1877’de a\u00e7\u0131lan ilk Meclis’te 69 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman mebusa kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k 46 gayrim\u00fcslim mebus, 1908’de a\u00e7\u0131lan ikinci Meclis’te 224 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman mebusa kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k 46 gayrim\u00fcslim mebus oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlay\u0131nca, ne 1920’deki Birinci Meclis’e, ne Cumhuriyet tarihindeki di\u011fer Meclislere, ne de 2015’teki son Meclis’e ‘renkli’, ‘\u00e7okk\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc’ demek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn… 7 Haziran 2015 Genel Se\u00e7imleri\u2019nden sonra olu\u015fan yeni TBMM, T\u00fcrk, K\u00fcrt, Ermeni, Roman, Ezidi, Alevi (ve muhtemelen \u00c7erkes, Laz?) \u00fcyeleriyle, Cumhuriyet tarihinin \u2018en renkli\u2019 meclisi olarak nitelendi. Baz\u0131lar\u0131, 23 Nisan 1920\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131lan Birinci Meclis\u2019in de \u2018\u00e7ok renkli\u2019 oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Ger\u00e7ekten \u00f6yle miydi, gelin birlikte karar verelim.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00d6nce biraz arka plan bilgisi vermek istiyorum. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun ilk meclisi 31 Mart 1877\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, 14 \u015eubat 1878\u2019de kapanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u00a0 Bu k\u0131sa \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc meclisin ilk d\u00f6neminde 69\u2019u M\u00fcsl\u00fcman (o tarihlerde etnik k\u00f6ken belirtilmezdi ama kaynaklarda T\u00fcrk, Arap, K\u00fcrt, Arnavut, Bo\u015fnak olduklar\u0131na dair bilgiler var), 46\u2019s\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayan (bunlar\u0131n adlar\u0131ndan Ermeni mi, Rum mu yoksa Yahudi mi olduklar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131) 115 \u00fcyesi vard\u0131. \u0130kinci d\u00f6neminde M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fcye say\u0131s\u0131 56\u2019ya, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmay\u0131n \u00fcye say\u0131s\u0131 40\u2019a d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ama meclisin reisi muhtemelen T\u00fcrk olan (\u0130stanbul Mebusu) Hasan Fehmi Efendi, ikinci reisi Ermeni Ohannes Efendi idi. 30 y\u0131l aradan sonra 17 Aral\u0131k 1908\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131lan Meclis-i Mebusan\u2019da 147 T\u00fcrk, 60 Arap, 27 Arnavut, 26 Rum, 14 Ermeni, 10 Slav ve 4 Yahudi mebus yer ald\u0131. K\u0131sacas\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 tam anlam\u0131yla yans\u0131tmasa da gayet \u00e7o\u011fulcu bir meclis olu\u015fmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Son Osmanl\u0131 Meclisi<\/b><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kaybettikten ve 30 Ekim 1918\u2019de Mondros M\u00fctarekesi\u2019ni imzalad\u0131ktan sonra i\u00e7 i\u015flerine d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. 1919 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda ba\u015flayan se\u00e7imler sonucu olu\u015fan Meclis-i Mebusan, 12 Ocak 1920\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Meclise se\u00e7ilenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 168 (baz\u0131 kaynaklara g\u00f6re 172) oldu\u011fu halde bu toplant\u0131ya 72 mebus kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu mecliste M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayan mebus yoktu \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00fclkede M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayan \u00e7ok az n\u00fcfus kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Nitekim se\u00e7ilenlerin tamam\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131 \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131\u2019yd\u0131. Vahdettin hasta oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle meclisin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131na kat\u0131lmazken, yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f nutkunu Damat \u015eerif Pa\u015fa okumu\u015ftu. Ancak bu meclisin \u00f6mr\u00fc k\u0131sa oldu. 16 Mart 1920\u2019de \u0130tilaf G\u00fc\u00e7leri \u0130stanbul’u resmen i\u015fgal etti ve sava\u015f su\u00e7lusu olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc baz\u0131 mebuslar\u0131 tutuklad\u0131. Meclis b\u00f6ylece 18 Mart 1920 g\u00fcn\u00fc \u2018fiilen\u2019 kapand\u0131. Mustafa Kemal, bu durumu f\u0131rsat olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc ve 19 Mart 1920 tarihinde bir genelge yay\u0131mlad\u0131. Buna g\u00f6re Ankara\u2019da \u201cola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yetkilere sahip\u201d bir meclis toplanacakt\u0131. Bu meclise, n\u00fcfusuna bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n her livadan 5\u2019er ki\u015fi kat\u0131lacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Se\u00e7imler 1876\u2019dan beri uygulanan usulle yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Buna g\u00f6re, 66 sanca\u011f\u0131n, zaman\u0131nda m\u00fclki amirler taraf\u0131ndan belli kriterlere sahip ki\u015filer aras\u0131ndan belirlenen \u2018\u0130kinci\u00a0 Se\u00e7menleri\u2019 (m\u00fcntehib-i Sani), Ankara\u2019n\u0131n gizli ya da a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a destekledi\u011fi adaylar aras\u0131ndan 5\u2019er ki\u015fiyi belirlemi\u015flerdi. (Listeleri bizzat Mustafa Kemal haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.) Bu 330 ki\u015fiye ek olarak, 11 Nisan 1920\u2019de i\u015fgalcilerin bask\u0131s\u0131na dayanamayan padi\u015fah taraf\u0131ndan \u2018resmen\u2019 kapat\u0131lan \u0130stanbul’daki Meclis-i Mebusan\u2019\u0131n \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131ndan Ankara\u2019daki meclise gelenler de se\u00e7ilmi\u015f say\u0131lacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ancak bu ilk meclisin \u00fcye say\u0131s\u0131 konusunda bug\u00fcne dek bir anla\u015fma sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f de\u011fil. \u00d6rne\u011fin d\u00f6nemin tan\u0131klar\u0131ndan Mazhar M\u00fcfit Kansu\u2019ya g\u00f6re \u00fcye say\u0131s\u0131 437, Tevfik B\u0131y\u0131kl\u0131o\u011flu\u2019na g\u00f6re 438, Ali Fuat Cebesoy\u2019a g\u00f6re 337,\u00a0 Damar Ar\u0131ko\u011flu\u2019na g\u00f6re 414, Enver Behnan \u015eapolyo\u2019ya g\u00f6re 207 ki\u015fi idi. \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar da farkl\u0131 rakamlar veriyorlar. Suna Kili\u2019ye g\u00f6re 376, Ahmet Mumcu\u2019ya g\u00f6re 390, Tar\u0131k Zafer Tunaya\u2019ya g\u00f6re 337, Ahmet Demirel\u2019e g\u00f6re 437 idi.)<\/p>\n

Hac\u0131 Bayram Camii\u2019nde ba\u015flayan t\u00f6ren<\/b><\/p>\n

Kaynaklarda \u2019Birinci Meclis\u2019, \u2019B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi\u2019 (ve 1921\u2019den itibaren T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi) adlar\u0131yla ge\u00e7en bu meclis, 23 Nisan 1920 Cuma g\u00fcn\u00fc, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki F\u0131rkas\u0131 Kul\u00fcb\u00fc binas\u0131nda g\u00f6rkemli bir t\u00f6renle a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. (Meclis 15 Ekim 1924\u2019e kadar bu binada faaliyet g\u00f6sterecekti.) Yeni G\u00fcn (daha sonra Cumhuriyet) gazetesinin ba\u015fyazar\u0131 Yunus Nadi \u015f\u00f6yle tasvir etmi\u015fti t\u00f6reni: \u2018Daha sabahtan herkes en b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bayram\u0131n zevk ve setaretine i\u015ftirak etmek \u00fczere evlerinden d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya u\u011fram\u0131\u015flar, kad\u0131n, erkek, \u00e7oluk \u00e7ocuk haline g\u00f6re herkes all\u0131 g\u00fcll\u00fc en g\u00fczel elbiselerini giyerek, Hac\u0131 Bayram Camii ile B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi i\u00e7timagah\u0131 ittihaz olunan binaya kadar azami bir kilometre kutrundaki daire d\u00e2hilinde bulunan b\u00fct\u00fcn arsalar\u0131, bazen damlar\u0131n\u0131n tepelerine kadar b\u00fct\u00fcn binalar\u0131 doldurmak \u00fczere, her taraf\u0131 istilaya koyulmu\u015flard\u0131. Yerli yabanc\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn Ankara bu muhit i\u00e7ine s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor, fakat m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131yor, ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Bir hayat manzaras\u0131 ki, m\u00fctemadi dalgalar\u0131 ve m\u00fctevali med ve cezirleri ile hakikaten heyecan vericiydi.\u2019\u2019<\/p>\n

Mustafa Kemal reis se\u00e7iliyor<\/b><\/p>\n

Meclisin topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 binan\u0131n kap\u0131s\u0131nda dualarla kesilen kurbanlardan sonra, s\u0131ra meclisin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131na gelmi\u015fti. Konu\u015fmay\u0131 gelene\u011fe g\u00f6re en ya\u015fl\u0131 \u00fcye olan Sinop Mebusu \u015eerif Bey yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ard\u0131ndan Mustafa Kemal k\u00fcrs\u00fcye \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcn\u00fcn anlam\u0131na dair bir konu\u015fma yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ertesi g\u00fcn, 120 mebusun kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 oylamada Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa 110 oyla Meclis Reisli\u011fine se\u00e7ildi. \u0130stanbul’daki Meclis-i Mebusan\u2019\u0131n Reisi Celaleddin Arif Bey 109 oy ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u0130kinci Reis oldu. Konya Mebusu (Mevlevi) Abd\u00fclhalim Efendi ile K\u0131r\u015fehir Mebusu (Bekta\u015fi) Cemaleddin Efendi de Reis Vekili se\u00e7ildiler.<\/p>\n

Meclisin onaylad\u0131\u011f\u0131 1 Numaral\u0131 Kanun, Osmanl\u0131 Meclis-i Mebusan\u2019\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesine ba\u015flanan ancak sonuca erdirilmeyen A\u011fnam Resmi (Hayvan Vergisi) Kanunu idi. B\u00f6ylece, iki meclis aras\u0131ndaki devaml\u0131l\u0131k ili\u015fkisi z\u0131mnen kabul edilmi\u015f oluyordu. 2 Numaral\u0131 Kanun ise i\u00e7 isyanlar\u0131 bast\u0131rmak, asker ka\u00e7aklar\u0131yla, casuslarla m\u00fccadele etmek i\u00e7in \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan H\u0131yanet-i Vataniye Kanunu\u2019ydu.<\/p>\n

Meclis\u2019in K\u00fcrt \u00fcyeleri<\/b><\/p>\n

Gelelim Birinci Meclis\u2019in \u2018renklili\u011fi\u2019 konusuna. Renkten kas\u0131t, T\u00fcrk olmayan, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayan unsurlar\u0131n temsil edilmesiyse, bu meclisin \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131nda T\u00fcrk olmayan \u00fcyeler vard\u0131. K\u00fcrt, Laz, \u00c7erkes, Arap\u00a0 vb. k\u00f6kenli \u00fcyelerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bilmiyoruz ancak say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n hi\u00e7 de az olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. \u0130lk mecliste en az 72 K\u00fcrt mebusu oldu\u011fu tahmin ediliyor. Bunlar\u0131n ezici \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu, etnik anlamda K\u00fcrtl\u00fck bilincine sahipti elbette ama milliyet\u00e7i anlamda K\u00fcrtl\u00fck bilincine sahip de\u011fillerdi. \u00d6rne\u011fin, d\u00f6nemin tan\u0131klar\u0131ndan tarih\u00e7i Enver Behnan \u015eapolyo\u2019nun 27 Temmuz 1931 tarihli Yenig\u00fcn gazetesinde yay\u0131mlanan r\u00f6portaj\u0131nda Dersimli Diyap A\u011fa, nas\u0131l mebus oldu\u011funu \u015f\u00f6yle anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131: \u201cG\u00e2vur Anadolu’yu sard\u0131: Hepimizi bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ald\u0131. Din ve diyanet, \u0131rz ve namus, T\u00fcrkl\u00fck tehlikeye d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u0130\u015fittik ki Erzurum taraflar\u0131nda can kurtaran bir Pa\u015fa \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f. Meclis kuracakm\u0131\u015f. Onu hep g\u00f6zledik. \u00d6\u011frendim ki bu Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n ad\u0131 Mustafa Kemal imi\u015f. Onun b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rme\u011fe can att\u0131m. Fakat o zaman olmad\u0131. Sonra Sivas’a oradan da Ankara’ya gelmi\u015f. Bu zaman bizden iki mebus istedi. Herkes korktu, ihtiyar halimle vatan\u0131 kurtaranlar\u0131n yan\u0131na ko\u015fmay\u0131, hatta ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131 bile vermeyi g\u00f6ze ald\u0131m. Bana \u2018gitme \u00f6l\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u2019 dediler. \u2018Zaten herkes mahvoluyor, varam, gidem, onlara ula\u015fam, hep beraber \u00f6lek\u2019 dedim. Benimle mebus se\u00e7ilen Ayas U\u015fa\u011f\u0131 a\u015firetinden Zeynozade Mustafa A\u011fa korktu, gelmedi. Ben yan\u0131mda bir u\u015fa\u011f\u0131m, atlara atlad\u0131k, El\u00e2ziz’e geldim. El\u00e2ziz’de bana harc\u0131rah verdiler. Oradan bir yayl\u0131 araba tuttum. Malatya, Sivas, Kayseri yolu ile on sekiz g\u00fcnde Ankara’ya vard\u0131m.” Diyap A\u011fa, Enver Behnan\u2019\u0131n “Hi\u00e7 Millet Meclisi k\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131n m\u0131?” sorusuna da \u015f\u00f6yle cevap vermi\u015fti: “Bir kere de Lozan Konferans\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda k\u00fcrs\u00fcye \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131m. Aha bizim memleket ahalisi K\u00fcrtm\u00fc\u015f, orada bir K\u00fcrt H\u00fck\u00fcmeti kuracaklarm\u0131\u015f, bunu duyunca k\u0131zd\u0131m k\u00fcrs\u00fcye \u00e7\u0131k\u0131verdim. Gene sustular: \u2018L\u00e2ilaheill\u00e2h Muhammed\u00fcnresull\u00e2llah\u2019 dedim. \u2018Gerek \u015eafi\u00ee, gerek Hambel\u00ee, gerek Hanef\u00ee hepimizin k\u0131blesi birdir. Meclisimiz, kul\u00fcb\u00fcm\u00fcz, dinimiz, milletimiz birdir. Biz T\u00fcrk’\u00fcz. Hepiniz L\u00e2ilaheill\u00e2h demi\u015fsiniz. \u015eimden sonra m\u0131, ayr\u0131 bir din, ayr\u0131 bir millet olaca\u011f\u0131z.\u2019 dedim. Gene el \u00e7\u0131rpt\u0131lar, \u0130smet Pa\u015fa ayakta k\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcn yan\u0131na gelmi\u015f, sakal\u0131m\u0131n dibine yakla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. O da co\u015ftu, o da el vurdu.\u201d<\/p>\n

K\u00fcrt b\u00f6lgelerinden T\u00fcrk mebuslar<\/b><\/p>\n

Bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc T\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti\u2019nde yer alacak kadar milliyet\u00e7i anlamda \u2018K\u00fcrtl\u00fck bilinci\u2019nden uzakt\u0131. Bunlardan ilk akl\u0131ma gelenler, Erzurum Kongresi\u2019ni \u00f6rg\u00fctleyen Erzurumlu S\u00fcleyman Necati G\u00fcneri ve H\u00fcseyin Avni Ula\u015f, \u2018T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn Esaslar\u0131\u2019n\u0131 yazan Diyarbak\u0131rl\u0131 Ziya G\u00f6kalep, kendini \u201cyedi ceddi kat\u0131ks\u0131z bir T\u00fcrk\u201d olarak g\u00f6ren Diyarbak\u0131rl\u0131 S\u00fcleyman Nazif, 1915 Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019nda rol alan Diyarbak\u0131rl\u0131 Fevzi Pirin\u00e7cio\u011flu, Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri\u2019ne \u2018g\u00f6zlemci\u2019 olarak g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ama K\u00fcrt yurdu Musul anla\u015fma d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rken a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131 bile a\u00e7mam\u0131\u015f olan Diyarbak\u0131rl\u0131 Z\u00fclf\u00fc Tigrel\u2026<\/p>\n

Bu da yetmezmi\u015f gibi Mustafa Kemal, K\u00fcrt n\u00fcfusun yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu yerlere kendi adamlar\u0131n\u0131 serpi\u015ftirerek kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc daha da peki\u015ftirmi\u015fti. \u00d6rne\u011fin Denizli do\u011fumlu ve Arap k\u00f6kenli Mazhar M\u00fcfit Kansu Hakkari mebusu yap\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130stanbul do\u011fumlu bir \u00c7erkes olan Rafet Orbay, S\u0131vas mebusu yap\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130zmir do\u011fumlu bir T\u00fcrk Ali Haydar Yulu\u011f, Van mebusu yap\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130stanbul do\u011fumlu bir T\u00fcrk olan Hac\u0131 \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Bey Diyarbak\u0131r mebusu yap\u0131ld\u0131. Selanik do\u011fumlu bir T\u00fcrk olan Cahit Erdal Bey, Kars mebusu yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar T\u00fcrk m\u00fc yoksa K\u00fcrt m\u00fc olduklar\u0131na karar verilemeyen Ziya G\u00f6kalp, S\u00fcleyman Nazif, \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc…<\/p>\n

\u0130dam edilen K\u00fcrt mebuslar<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bunca titizli\u011fe (!) ra\u011fmen arada fireler oluyordu. \u00d6rne\u011fin Bitlis Mebusu Yusuf Ziya Bey, \u015eeyh Said \u0130syan\u0131\u2019n\u0131 y\u00f6nlendiren Azadi \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne \u00fcye olmak su\u00e7undan 14 Nisan 1925\u2019te idam edildi. Dersim Mebusu Hasan Hayri Bey, 1921 Ko\u00e7giri \u0130syan\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Meclis\u2019teki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler s\u0131ras\u0131nda T\u00fcrk-K\u00fcrt karde\u015fli\u011finden ve iki kavmin ayr\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131ndan o kadar heyecanla s\u00f6z etmi\u015fti ki, Mustafa Kemal ertesi g\u00fcn Hasan Hayri\u2019nin K\u00fcrt milli giysileriyle meclise gelmesini istemi\u015fti. Ama Hasan Hayri Bey\u2019in sonunu da K\u00fcrtl\u00fck meselesi getirdi, Kas\u0131m 1925\u2019te \u2018M\u00fcstakil bir K\u00fcrt devleti kurmaya te\u015febb\u00fcs\u2019 su\u00e7undan idam edildi.<\/p>\n

\u0130leriki y\u0131llarda TBMM\u2019de K\u00fcrt milletvekilleri oldu ama bunlar\u0131n \u00e7ok az\u0131 \u2018milliyet\u00e7i\u2019 anlamda de\u011fil sadece \u2018etnik\u2019 anlamda K\u00fcrtl\u00fcklerini ifade ettiler (\u00f6rne\u011fin Kinyas Kartal, G\u0131yasettin Emre, Abd\u00fclmelik F\u0131rat, \u015eerafettin El\u00e7i), baz\u0131lar\u0131 K\u00fcrtl\u00fcklerini hi\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131klamad\u0131lar (\u00f6rne\u011fin Septio\u011flu ailesinin \u00fcyeleri), baz\u0131lar\u0131 T\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7isi oldular (\u00f6rne\u011fin Erzurum Mebusu Cevat Dursuno\u011flu, Bitlis Senat\u00f6r\u00fc Kamran \u0130nan).<\/p>\n

Belki ilerde haklar\u0131nda yazaca\u011f\u0131m Meclisin \u00c7erkes, Laz, Arap veya Balkan k\u00f6kenli \u00fcyeleri, \u2018T\u00fcrkle\u015fme\u2019ye itirazlar\u0131 olmad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u015flar\u0131na bu kadar k\u00f6t\u00fc \u015feyler gelmedi belki ama, zaman i\u00e7inde \u00fclkedeki n\u00fcfuslar\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131na paralel olarak milletvekili say\u0131lar\u0131 azald\u0131k\u00e7a azald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Gayrim\u00fcslimsiz TBMM<\/b><\/p>\n

Fakat, 1877\u2019den itibaren Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun meclislerinde gayrim\u00fcslimler geni\u015f bi\u00e7imde temsil edilirken, Birinci Meclis\u2019te tek gayrim\u00fcslim mebus yoktu! Birinci Meclis\u2019in 1 Nisan 1923\u2019te kendini feshedip se\u00e7imlere gitme karar\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde, 1915\u2019ten beri bozuk olan T\u00fcrk-Ermeni ili\u015fkilerini d\u00fczeltmek i\u00e7in 1922 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n son g\u00fcnlerinde \u0130stanbul\u2019da kurulan Ermeni T\u00fcrk Teali (Dostluk) Cemiyeti\u2019nin \u015eeref Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 Bankas\u0131 y\u00f6neticilerinden Ber\u00e7 Keresteciyan ve Ermeni Cemaati\u2019nin Cismani Meclisi\u2019nin eski \u00fcyesi Artin Musodicyan, Lozan\u2019da bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerini y\u00fcr\u00fcten \u0130smet Bey\u2019e bir telgraf \u00e7ekmi\u015flerdi. Telgrafta hem Lozan\u2019daki heyete Ermeni cemaatinin desteklerini belirtiliyorlar hem de May\u0131s-Haziran ay\u0131ndaki genel se\u00e7imlere Ermenilerin de kat\u0131lmak istedi\u011fi belirtiyorlard\u0131. Elbette bu kat\u0131l\u0131m, Mustafa Kemal\u2019in ba\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu \u2018Milli M\u00fcdafaa F\u0131rkas\u0131\u2019 (o s\u0131rada hen\u00fcz CHP ad\u0131n\u0131 almam\u0131\u015ft\u0131) saflar\u0131nda olacakt\u0131. Yani ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 bir talep de\u011fil, b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmeci bir talep s\u00f6z konusuydu. Ancak bu telgrafa Ankara\u2019dan olumlu ya da olumsuz bir cevap gelmedi. Yani 1923-1927 aras\u0131ndaki \u0130kinci Meclis\u2019te de gayrim\u00fcslim mebus yoktu.<\/p>\n

Serbest F\u0131rka deneyimi<\/b><\/p>\n

Gayrim\u00fcslimlerin ikinci hamlesi, 1930\u2019da oldu. 1929 D\u00fcnya Buhran\u0131\u2019n\u0131n da etkisiyle iyice y\u0131pranan yedi y\u0131ll\u0131k tek parti iktidar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki toplumsal bask\u0131y\u0131 hafifletmek i\u00e7in, 12 A\u011fustos 1930\u2019da bizzat Mustafa Kemal taraf\u0131ndan kurdurulan Serbest Cumhuriyet\u00e7i F\u0131rka (SCF) y\u0131llard\u0131r siyaset alan\u0131na sokulmayan gayrim\u00fcslim az\u0131nl\u0131klar i\u00e7in bir umut olmu\u015ftu. O y\u0131l se\u00e7im y\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131. SCF listelerinde 117 gayrim\u00fcslim aday kendine yer buldu ancak, propaganda faaliyetleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda bu adaylara \u00f6yle a\u011f\u0131r sald\u0131r\u0131lar yap\u0131ld\u0131 ki, se\u00e7imlere kat\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131na kat\u0131lacaklar\u0131na pi\u015fman oldular. Gayrim\u00fcslimlerin blok halinde oy verdikleri SCF\u2019nin 99 g\u00fcn sonra, hen\u00fcz se\u00e7im sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 tam olarak a\u00e7\u0131klanmadan Ankara taraf\u0131ndan kapat\u0131lmas\u0131yla gayrim\u00fcslimlerin bu ikinci te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fc de akim kald\u0131.<\/p>\n

1935\u2019te \u00f6d\u00fcllendirme<\/b><\/p>\n

1930\u2019\u00fcn ac\u0131 tecr\u00fcbelerinden ders alm\u0131\u015f olan gayrim\u00fcslimler, T\u00fcrkiye tarihinin en \u0131rk y\u0131l\u0131 olan1935\u2019teki genel se\u00e7imler arifesinde cemaat sorunlar\u0131ndan hi\u00e7 s\u00f6z etmemi\u015fler, a\u011f\u0131z birli\u011fi etmi\u015f gibi T\u00fcrk kimli\u011fine ve CHP\u2019ye ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Bu tavr\u0131n \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc de ald\u0131lar. Bizzat Atat\u00fcrk taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan CHP listesinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yine bizzat Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018M\u00fcstakiller\u2019 listesindeki 43 aday aras\u0131nda 12 gayrim\u00fcslimin ad\u0131 vard\u0131. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere bu ki\u015filerin \u2018kutsal\u2019 CHP listelerini lekelemeleri istenmemi\u015fti. M\u00fcstakillerden 13\u2019\u00fc se\u00e7ilmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131: Bunlar aras\u0131nda d\u00f6rd\u00fc;\u00a0 Ermeni Ber\u00e7 Keresteciyan\/T\u00fcrker (1934\u2019te Soyad\u0131 Kanunu \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Atat\u00fcrk, Keresteciyan olan soyad\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrker yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131), Afyon Karahisar milletvekili, Yahudi Abravaya Marmaral\u0131 Ni\u011fde milletvekili, Rum Nikola Taptas Ankara, milletvekili, Ortodoks T\u00fcrk (Karamanl\u0131) \u0130stamat Zihni \u00d6zdamar Eski\u015fehir milletvekili olarak Meclis\u2019e girdi. Bu ki\u015filerden Ber\u00e7 T\u00fcrker 1939, 1943; \u0130stamat Z. \u00d6zdamar 1939, 1943, 1946; Nikola Tapas ve Abravaya Marmaral\u0131 ise 1939 Genel Se\u00e7imleri\u2019nde de yerlerini korudular. (Baz\u0131 kaynaklarda 1935\u2019te se\u00e7ilen kad\u0131n milletvekilleri Behire Bedi\u015f Morova\u2019n\u0131n Yahudi as\u0131ll\u0131, Huriye \u00d6niz Baha\u2019n\u0131n Rum as\u0131ll\u0131 oldu\u011funa dair iddialar varsa da, bu konuda uzman bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 olan R\u0131fat N. Bali, bu ki\u015fileri \u2018az\u0131nl\u0131k\/gayrim\u00fcslim milletvekili\u2019 olarak de\u011ferlendirmiyor.)<\/p>\n

Keresteciyanl\u0131ktan T\u00fcrkerli\u011fe zorlu yolculuk<\/b><\/p>\n

Burada bir parantez a\u00e7arak, bu milletvekillerinden birini daha yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fal\u0131m. Ber\u00e7 T\u00fcrker, Meclis\u2019in en \u00e7ok konu\u015fan milletvekillerindendi. \u00dcstelik \u00e7ok uzun konu\u015furdu. \u00d6yle ki, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 bitirmek i\u00e7in milletvekillerinin \u2018yeterlilik\u2019 \u00f6nergesi vermesi gerekirdi. Konu\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 dinleyen biri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, ger\u00e7ek bir Atat\u00fcrk hayran\u0131, inanm\u0131\u015f bir \u2018T\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7isi\u2019 g\u00f6r\u00fcrd\u00fc. \u00d6rne\u011fin 1935\u2019te yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir konu\u015fmada T\u00fcrk \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n Robert Kolejlere, Frer mekteplerine g\u00f6nderilmesini ele\u015ftiriyor, h\u00fck\u00fcmetten kaliteli T\u00fcrk okullar\u0131 yapmas\u0131n\u0131 istiyor, 1936 y\u0131l\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir konu\u015fmada \u00c7anakkale \u015fehitleri i\u00e7in an\u0131t mezar yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6neriyordu.\u00a0 1937 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki bir konu\u015fmas\u0131nda k\u0131z ve erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131 okullarda e\u011fitim g\u00f6rmesinin daha do\u011fru olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor, k\u0131zlara \u00f6nce ana olma vazifesinin \u00f6\u011fretilmesini istiyor, CHP te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131k s\u0131k esnaf\u0131n, k\u00f6yl\u00fcn\u00fcn, t\u00fcccar\u0131n halk\u0131n durumu, istekleri hakk\u0131nda raporlar sunmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6neriyor, ayn\u0131 y\u0131l bir ba\u015fka konu\u015fmas\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Babil Kulesi\u2019ne d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden \u015fikayet edip T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fayan herkesin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in h\u00fck\u00fcmetin tedbir almas\u0131n\u0131 istiyordu. 1938 y\u0131l\u0131 konu\u015fmalar\u0131nda Ekaliyetler Kanunu\u2019nu \u2018ekaliyet\u2019 (az\u0131nl\u0131k) teriminden dolay\u0131 ele\u015ftiriyor, ama ekaliyetlerin bir nizam alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmeti tebrik ediyordu. 1938-1939\u2019da Arap \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sancak\u2019\u0131n Hatay ad\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ilhak\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Hatayl\u0131 Ermenilere \u015f\u00f6yle sesleniyordu: \u201cNas\u0131l ki \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusyas\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 Ermenilerini i\u011ffal etmi\u015f ve mahvetmi\u015fti, \u015fimdi de Frans\u0131z h\u00fck\u00fcmeti sizi i\u011ffal etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor, sak\u0131n bu tuza\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fmeyin, kahraman T\u00fcrk ordusu sizi gelip kurtard\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ona s\u0131k\u0131ca sar\u0131l\u0131n.\u201d T\u00fcrker s\u00f6zlerini \u015f\u00f6yle bitirmi\u015fti: \u201cT\u00fcrk\u00fcn sesi T\u00fcrk\u00fcn topunun a\u011fz\u0131ndan gelecektir. Sonra diplomatik vas\u0131ta ile teati edilen notalar T\u00fcrk\u00fcn k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131 ile imza olacakt\u0131r!\u201d<\/p>\n

1940\u2019da sava\u015f dolay\u0131s\u0131yla halk\u0131n kemer s\u0131kmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan Milli Koruma Kanunu\u2019nu \u00f6ven, Ber\u00e7 Keresteciyan\u2019\u0131n 1942\u2019de gayrim\u00fcslim burjuvazinin belini k\u0131ran Varl\u0131k Vergisi Kanunu \u00e7\u0131karken a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7mamas\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekiciydi. Son kez 1946 se\u00e7imlerinde Meclis\u2019e giren Ber\u00e7 T\u00fcrker\u2019in milletvekilli\u011fi 1949\u2019da \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle sona erdi\u011finde, Keresteciyanl\u0131ktan T\u00fcrkerli\u011fe uzanan zorlu yolculuk sona erecekti.<\/p>\n

(Ermeni kaynaklar\u0131na g\u00f6re Ber\u00e7 Keresteciyan, 15 May\u0131s 1919\u2019da Mustafa Kemal 9. Ordu M\u00fcfetti\u015fi olarak Samsun\u2019a gitmek \u00fczere haz\u0131rlan\u0131rken, Mustafa Kemal\u2019in avukat\u0131 Saadettin Ferit Bey\u2019e “Siz, Pa\u015fa Hazretleri’nin hem avukat\u0131, hem zannederim yak\u0131n dostusunuz. Pa\u015fa hazretlerinin bindi\u011fi vapur Bo\u011faz d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir \u0130ngiliz torpidosu taraf\u0131ndan bat\u0131r\u0131lacak. \u0130kaz ediyorum. L\u00fctfen Pa\u015fa Hazretleri’ne iletiniz, k\u0131y\u0131dan gidiniz” bilgisini ula\u015ft\u0131rarak kendisini uyarm\u0131\u015f dolay\u0131s\u0131yla hayat\u0131n\u0131 kurtarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.)<\/p>\n

Gayrim\u00fcslim se\u00e7menin ke\u015ffi<\/b><\/p>\n

Parantezi kapat\u0131p genel tabloya bakmaya devam edersek, 1943\u2019de Yahudi Avram Galanti ve Rum Mihal Kayako\u011flu (veya Kayao\u011flu) Meclis\u2019e girdi. 1946\u2019da \u00c7ok Partili D\u00f6nem\u2019in ilk se\u00e7iminde Yahudi as\u0131ll\u0131 Salamon Adato, Rum as\u0131ll\u0131 Ahilya Moshos DP\u2019den, Rum as\u0131ll\u0131 Nikola Faka\u00e7elli ve Vasil Konos CHP\u2019den se\u00e7ildi. Konos, Patrikhane ile ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir olay y\u00fcz\u00fcnden yemin bile etmeden istifa etti. Gayrim\u00fcslimlerin \u0130stanbul\u2019da \u00f6nemli bir se\u00e7men kitlesi olu\u015fturdu\u011funun iyice fark edildi\u011fi 1950 se\u00e7imlerinde Ermeni as\u0131ll\u0131 Andre Vahram Bayar ve Rum as\u0131ll\u0131 Aleksandros Hacopulos DP\u2019den Meclis\u2019e girdi.<\/p>\n

1954 Genel Se\u00e7imleri\u2019nde, CHP\u2019den Munis Tekinalp (Moiz Kohen), DP\u2019den Hanri Soryano, CMP\u2019den de Cemil Beraha olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 Yahudi\u2019nin \u0130stanbul milletvekili aday\u0131 olarak listelerde yer ald\u0131lar ancak Yahudi gazeteci \u0130lyazer Menda\u2019n\u0131n \u201cT\u00fcrkiye Yahudilerinin an\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 hala taze tutan CHP\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 hi\u00e7bir sempati duymad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131\u201d belirterek Yahudileri 2 May\u0131s 1954 genel se\u00e7imlerinde DP\u2019ye oy vermeye davet etmesi \u00fczerine, se\u00e7imleri DP kazan\u0131rken, \u00fc\u00e7 adaydan sadece Hanri Soryano, DP\u2019den \u0130stanbul Milletvekili se\u00e7ildi.<\/p>\n

Stockholm sendromu mu?<\/b><\/p>\n

6-7 Eyl\u00fcl 1955\u2019te devlet \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc bir ya\u011fmaya maruz kalan gayrim\u00fcslimler, \u2018Stockholm Sendromu\u2019nun kurban\u0131 olduklar\u0131ndan m\u0131d\u0131r bilinmez, olaylardan DP\u2019yi sorumlu tutmad\u0131lar. 1957 se\u00e7imlerinde Ermeni as\u0131ll\u0131 Zakar Tarver ve M\u0131g\u0131rd\u0131\u00e7 \u015eellefyan (1960\u2019larda S\u00fcleyman Demirel\u2019in yak\u0131n \u00e7evresine girdi ve ad\u0131 baz\u0131 yolsuzluk ve hayali ihracat i\u015flerine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131), Yahudi as\u0131ll\u0131 Yusuf Salman ve \u0130zak Altabev ile Rum as\u0131ll\u0131 Hristaki Yoannidis DP\u2019den milletvekili oldu. Yusuf Salman se\u00e7im konu\u015fmalar\u0131nda \u201cCHP devrinde az\u0131nl\u0131k olarak korku i\u00e7inde ya\u015f\u0131yorduk. Sonumuzun ne olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmiyorduk. Varl\u0131k Vergisi \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131lar. Mal\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 m\u00fclk\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc alarak bizleri A\u015fkale\u2019ye s\u00fcrd\u00fcler. \u00dcniversite mezunu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131z asker oluyordu. Biz bu vatanda do\u011fmam\u0131\u015f gibi herkese silah bize k\u00fcrek veriyorlard\u0131. 20 kur\u2019a ekalliyeti sil\u00e2halt\u0131na ald\u0131lar. B\u00fct\u00fcn Anadolu\u2019yu gezdirerek \u201ci\u015fte g\u00e2vur taburlar\u0131\u201d diyerek bizi takdim ettiler. Az\u0131nl\u0131k bunlar\u0131n hepsini unutmad\u0131. \u00c7ok \u015f\u00fck\u00fcr DP, sayesinde b\u00fct\u00fcn vatanda\u015fl\u0131k ve insan haklar\u0131na sahip olduk. \u00d6lsek CHP\u2019ye oy vermeyece\u011fiz\u201d demi\u015fti. Derin devlet bu ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n bedelini \u00f6detmekte geri kalmad\u0131: 27 May\u0131s 1960 darbesinden sonra, DP\u2019li Zakar Tarver ve \u0130zak Altabev Menderes ve arkada\u015flar\u0131yla birlikte Yass\u0131ada\u2019ya g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcler, Tarver orada resmi rapora g\u00f6re kalp krizi ge\u00e7irdi (g\u00f6rg\u00fc tan\u0131klar\u0131na g\u00f6re bir askerin \u00e7elme takmas\u0131 sonucu beyin kanamas\u0131 ge\u00e7irdi) ve hayata g\u00f6zlerini yumdu.<\/p>\n

Kurucu Meclis\u2019te \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fcye<\/b><\/p>\n

Darbeciler, Kurucu Meclis\u2019e \u2018Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 temsilcisi\u2019 s\u0131fat\u0131yla \u00fc\u00e7 gayrim\u00fcslimi alarak \u2018yasak savma\u2019 gelene\u011fini devam ettirdiler. Ermeni as\u0131ll\u0131 Hermine A\u011favni Kalustyan (ilk gayrim\u00fcslim kad\u0131n \u00fcyeydi), Yahudi as\u0131ll\u0131 Erol Dilek, Rum as\u0131ll\u0131 Kaludi Laskari 5 Ocak-25 Ekim 1961 tarihleri aras\u0131nda \u2018Kurucu Meclis \u00dcyesi\u2019 olarak g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131. 15 Ekim 1961\u2019de yap\u0131lan se\u00e7imlerde, Ermeni as\u0131ll\u0131 Ber\u00e7 Sahak Turan eklendi. Ber\u00e7 Sahak Cumhuriyet Senatosu \u00fcyeli\u011fine se\u00e7ildi. Sahak\u2019\u0131n 7 Haziran 1964\u2019te g\u00f6revini tamamlamas\u0131ndan sonra TBMM\u2019de bir daha gayrim\u00fcslim milletvekili g\u00f6rmek ancak 31 y\u0131l sonra m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olacakt\u0131. (Bilindi\u011fi gibi 1964 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta ya\u015fanan olaylar\u0131n sorumlusu sanki onlarm\u0131\u015f gibi, \u00fclkedeki Rumlar\u0131n k\u00f6k\u00fc adeta kaz\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.)<\/p>\n

Gayrim\u00fcslimler n\u00f6bete<\/b><\/p>\n

31 y\u0131l sonra TBMM\u2019de yeniden bir gayrim\u00fcslim \u00fcyeye yer verilmesini sa\u011flayan s\u00fcre\u00e7 1987\u2019de Milletvekili Se\u00e7imleri\u2019nin 110. Y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bir yaz\u0131 kaleme alan gazeteci Y\u0131lmaz \u00c7etiner\u2019in bir yaz\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7etiner \u201cD\u0131\u015fa a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z, a\u00e7\u0131lmaya mecbur da oldu\u011fumuz Do\u011fu\u2019ya, Bat\u0131\u2019ya ba\u011flant\u0131lar kurdu\u011fumuz \u015fu g\u00fcnler; g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve hakl\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi (sembolik de olsa) se\u00e7ilecek gayrim\u00fcslim milletvekilleri, Ermenilerin yalanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Rumlar\u0131n \u015f\u0131mar\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Wall Street\u2019e herhangi bir menfaatimizi daha inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131, daha sempatik ortaya koymaz m\u0131? Hi\u00e7 de\u011filse birer milletvekili diyoruz. Fazla de\u011fil!\u201d diye yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu yaz\u0131dan \u00fc\u00e7 ay sonra benzer bir konu\u015fmay\u0131 Sak\u0131p Sabanc\u0131, Turgut \u00d6zal\u2019a yapt\u0131. \u00d6zal, Sabanc\u0131\u2019n\u0131n teklifiyle ilgilenmi\u015f ve Adnan Kahveci ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesini \u00f6nermi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Cefi Kamhi\u2019nin zor g\u00f6revi<\/b><\/p>\n

Ancak Sabanc\u0131\u2019n\u0131n projesinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in 8 y\u0131l daha beklemek gerekti. 31 y\u0131ll\u0131k perhizi bozmak i\u00e7in se\u00e7ilen \u2018kurban\u2019 1492\u2019de \u0130spanya\u2019dan kovulan Sefarad Yahudileri\u2019nin Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne geli\u015finin 500.Y\u0131l\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kurulan vakf\u0131n ba\u015fkan\u0131 Jack Kamhi\u2019nin o\u011flu Cefi Kamhi idi. Jack Kamhi, 1974 K\u0131br\u0131s Bar\u0131\u015f Harek\u00e2t\u0131\u2019ndan beri devletin el alt\u0131ndan g\u00f6revlendirmesiyle ABD\u2019de lobi faaliyetleri y\u00fcr\u00fcten \u2018vatansever\u2019 bir gayrim\u00fcslimdi. Kamhi ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 her y\u0131l ABD Kongresi\u2019ne sunulan 24 Nisan g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131 anma g\u00fcn\u00fc olarak kabul edilmesini teklif eden karar tasar\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131yla engellemi\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n

O\u011ful Cefi Kamhi, 24 Aral\u0131k 1995 Genel Se\u00e7imleri\u2019nde DP lideri Tansu \u00c7iller taraf\u0131ndan milletvekilli\u011fine aday g\u00f6sterildi\u011finde beklendi\u011fi \u00fczere, kamuoyunda ve partide b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc koptu. Zaman Gazetesinden Fehmi Koru, Herg\u00fcn gazetesinden Ay\u015fe \u00d6nal, Yeni Sayfa gazetesinden Necdet Sevin\u00e7 ve Yeni \u015eafak gazetesinden Ahmet Ta\u015fgetiren Kamhi hakk\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131r iddialar\u0131 i\u00e7eren yaz\u0131lar yazd\u0131lar. Kamhi ezilmedi, b\u00fct\u00fcn su\u00e7lamalara tekzip g\u00f6nderdi. Se\u00e7im \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 boyunca s\u00fcrekli T\u00fcrk oldu\u011funu vurgulad\u0131. T\u00fcrk bayra\u011f\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00e7ekilmi\u015f foto\u011fraflar\u0131n\u0131 halka da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131 ve sonunda milletvekili se\u00e7ildi. Cem Boyner\u2019in YDH (Yeni Demokrasi Hareketi) partisinden aday g\u00f6sterilen bir di\u011fer Yahudi Mario Rodrik ise se\u00e7ilemedi.<\/p>\n

Faydac\u0131 bir bak\u0131\u015fla de\u011fil, sadece bu \u00fclkenin e\u015fit haklara sahip vatanda\u015flar\u0131 olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir gayrim\u00fcslimi (S\u00fcryani Erol Dora\u2019y\u0131) Meclis\u2019e ta\u015f\u0131ma \u015ferefinin 2011\u2019de BDP\u2019ye d\u00fc\u015fmesi hakikaten ho\u015f bir \u2018tevafuk\u2019 olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Daha yolumuz uzun<\/b><\/p>\n

Ba\u015fa d\u00f6nersek, AKP, CHP ve HDP\u2019den se\u00e7ilen milletvekillerinin %25\u2019inin K\u00fcrt oldu\u011fu s\u00f6yleniyor. 2015 Genel Se\u00e7imleri\u2019nde CHP\u2019nin \u0130zmir milletvekili \u00d6zcan Pur\u00e7u, T\u00fcrkiye tarihinde meclise giren ilk Roman oldu. Meclise Alevi kimli\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ifade ederek giren ilk milletvekili AKP\u2019den Reha \u00c7amuro\u011flu idi ancak, bu kimli\u011finin ifadesi bir s\u00fcre sonra rahats\u0131z yaratm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131 ki, sadece bir d\u00f6nem milletvekili olabildi. 2015\u2019te HDP\u2019den Ali Kenano\u011flu ve Turgut K\u00f6ker Alevi olduklar\u0131n\u0131 belirterek se\u00e7ildiler.<\/p>\n

Gayrim\u00fcslim \u00fcyelere gelince, HDP\u2019den Garo Paylan, CHP\u2019den Selina \u00d6zuzun ve AKP\u2019den Markar Esayan, 54 y\u0131l sonra Meclis’e giren ilk Ermeniler oldu. Ayr\u0131ca HDP\u2019den Ezidi Felesnas Uca, S\u00fcryani Erol Dora da Meclis\u2019e girdi. B\u00f6ylece meclisimiz eser miktarda da olsa gayrim\u00fcslim \u00fcyeyle \u2018renkli\u2019 hale geldi. Bu kadar \u2018renk\u2019 bile baz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131za fazla gelmi\u015f olabilir ama 1877\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131lan ilk mecliste 69 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman mebusa kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k 46 gayrim\u00fcslim mebus, 1908\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131lan ikinci mecliste 224 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman mebusa kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k 46 gayrim\u00fcslim mebus oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlay\u0131nca, ne 1920\u2019deki Birinci Meclis\u2019e, ne Cumhuriyet tarihindeki di\u011fer meclislere, ne de 2015\u2019teki son meclise \u2018renkli\u2019, \u2018\u00e7okk\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc\u2019 demek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn\u2026 Bu konuda daha \u00e7ok yol katetmemiz gerekiyor\u2026<\/p>\n

\u00d6zet Kaynak\u00e7a: <\/b><\/p>\n

\u0130hsan G\u00fcne\u015f, Fahri \u00c7oker, Kaz\u0131m \u00d6zt\u00fcrk, T\u00fcrk Parlamento Tarihi, 13 Cilt, TBMM Vakf\u0131 Yay\u0131n\u0131, 1994; T. Zafer Tunaya, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Siyasi Partiler, Dog\u02c6an Kardes\u00b8 Bas\u0131mevi, 1959;\u00a0 I\u00b7nci Ergin\u00fcn, \u2018\u2018Birinci B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi\u2019nin A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131s\u00b8\u0131\u2019\u2019, T.B.M.M\u2019nin Kurulus\u00b8 Y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc Sempozyumu, TBMM Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1985; Parlamentoculug\u02c6unun I\u00b7lk Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131 (1876\u20131976), Siyasi Ilimler T\u00fcrk Derne\u011fi Kanun-i Esasi\u2019nin 100. Y\u0131l\u0131 Sempozyumu, 1976; Semi Ertan, \u201cAn Armenian at the Turkish Parliament in the early republican period: Ber\u00e7 T\u00fcrker-Keresteciyan (1870-1949)\u201d, Sabanc\u0131 \u00dcniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nde 2005\u2019te kabul edilmi\u015f y\u00fcksek lisans tezi; R\u0131fat N. Bali, \u201c1930 Y\u0131l\u0131 Belediye Se\u00e7imleri ve Serbest F\u0131rka\u2019n\u0131n Az\u0131nl\u0131k Adaylar\u0131\u201d, Tarih ve Toplum 167, Kas\u0131m 1997, s. 25-34; Bali, \u201cCumhuriyet D\u00f6neminde Az\u0131nl\u0131k Milletvekilleri\u201d, Toplumsal Tarih, S. 186, Haziran 2009, s.61-64.<\/i><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.radikal.com.tr\/yazarlar\/ayse_hur\/tbmm_hic_cok_renkli_oldu_mu-1386784<\/i><\/b><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ay\u015fe H\u00fcr 1877’de a\u00e7\u0131lan ilk Meclis’te 69 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman mebusa kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k 46 gayrim\u00fcslim mebus, 1908’de a\u00e7\u0131lan ikinci Meclis’te 224 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman mebusa kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k 46 gayrim\u00fcslim mebus oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlay\u0131nca, ne 1920’deki Birinci Meclis’e, ne Cumhuriyet tarihindeki di\u011fer Meclislere, ne de 2015’teki son Meclis’e ‘renkli’, ‘\u00e7okk\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc’ demek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn… 7 Haziran 2015 Genel Se\u00e7imleri\u2019nden sonra olu\u015fan yeni TBMM, T\u00fcrk, K\u00fcrt, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,70,20,53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35486","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-tarih-sayfalari","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\nTBMM, hi\u00e7 '\u00e7ok renkli' oldu mu? 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