{"id":35443,"date":"2015-06-26T03:22:40","date_gmt":"2015-06-26T08:22:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=35443"},"modified":"2015-07-04T03:11:05","modified_gmt":"2015-07-04T08:11:05","slug":"99-subat-ve-ekim-devrimleri-sonrasinda-transkafkasya-ve-ermenistandaki-durum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=35443","title":{"rendered":"99. \u015eubat ve Ekim devrimleri sonras\u0131nda Transkafkasya ve Ermenistan\u2019daki durum"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"1917<\/a>
1917 Rus \u015eubat Devrimi ve Ermenistan<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Monar\u015finin devrilmesi, yeni y\u00f6netim organlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

Rusya, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda zor duruma d\u00fc\u015fer ve \u00fclke ihtilal\u0131n e\u015fi\u011fine gelir. Halk\u0131n genel ho\u015fnutsuzlu\u011fu devrime d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr ve 1917 \u015eubat\u0131nda Rus monar\u015fizmi y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece, Romanof\u2019lar\u0131n 300 y\u0131ll\u0131k egemenli\u011fi son bulur. \u00dclkede olu\u015fan ikili y\u00f6netimden biri, i\u015f\u00e7i kitlelerinin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 savunan i\u015f\u00e7i, asker ve k\u00f6yl\u00fc vekillerinin Sovyetleri, di\u011feri ise, burjuvaziyi temsil eden ge\u00e7ici h\u00fck\u00fcmetti. Ger\u00e7ek egemenlik ge\u00e7ici h\u00fck\u00fcmetin elinde bulunmakta birlikte, Petrograd sovyeti de \u00f6nemli bir rol oynamaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Transkafkasya da d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere, t\u00fcm \u00fclke geni\u015f bir i\u015f\u00e7i-k\u00f6yl\u00fc Sovyetleri a\u011f\u0131yla donan\u0131r. Mart ba\u015flar\u0131nda Kafkasya ar\u015fid\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc la\u011fvedilir ve yerine, Transkafkasya \u00d6zel Komitesi OZaKom (\u041e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0439 \u0417\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan ge\u00e7ici h\u00fck\u00fcmet gelir. Ermeni, G\u00fcrc\u00fc, Azerbaycanl\u0131, T\u00fcrk ve Ruslardan olu\u015fan Kafkasya halklar\u0131n\u0131 temsilen, 5 Rus Dumas\u0131 \u00fcyesi bu h\u00fck\u00fcmetin b\u00fcnyesine d\u00e2hil edilir. Yeni y\u00f6netimin bu organlar\u0131 ge\u00e7ici olup, Rus anayasa kurulunun toplanmas\u0131 ve hukuki y\u00f6netimin \u015fekillenmesine kadar \u00fclkeyi idare edecekti.<\/p>\n

Ermeni toplum ve siyaset hayat\u0131n\u0131n hareketlenmesi. Bat\u0131 Ermenistan sorunu <\/b><\/p>\n

Milli ya\u015fam, \u015eubat devrimi sonras\u0131nda geli\u015fim g\u00f6sterir. T\u00fcm partiler serbest bir \u015fekilde faaliyet g\u00f6stermeye ve yeni partiler kurulmaya ba\u015flar.\u00a0 Da\u015fnaktsakan, H\u0131n\u00e7aktsakan vb. gibi Ermeni partileri geni\u015f \u00e7apta faaliyet g\u00f6sterir. Ermeni Halk Partisi (EHP) ad\u0131nda yeni bir parti 1917 Nisan\u0131nda Tiflis\u2019te olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n

Ermeni siyasi partileri genelde ge\u00e7ici h\u00fck\u00fcmetin s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u0131\u015f ve i\u00e7 siyaseti desteklemekte, ge\u00e7ici h\u00fck\u00fcmetin yard\u0131m\u0131yla, Ermeni Sorunu\u2019nu, yani Bat\u0131 Ermenistan konusunu \u00e7\u00f6zmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Bu ise, Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n Soyk\u0131r\u0131m sonucunda Ermenilerden bo\u015falm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131 zor bir konuydu. Ge\u00e7ici h\u00fck\u00fcmet, Rus ordular\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f olan Bat\u0131 Ermenistan i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir y\u00f6netim \u015fekli ilan eder. Bat\u0131 Ermenistan eyaletlerinden \u00fc\u00e7 idari b\u00f6lge olu\u015fturulur (Erzurum, Van ve H\u0131n\u0131s). Bat\u0131 Ermenistanl\u0131 m\u00fcltecilerin \u00fclkelerine g\u00f6\u00e7meleri, bu insanlar\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve ekonomik \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesi konusunda ad\u0131mlar at\u0131l\u0131r. 1917 May\u0131s\u0131nda Yerevan\u2019da toplanan 1. Bat\u0131 Ermenileri kongresi bu sorunlar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesine adan\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara Bat\u0131 Ermenistanl\u0131 liderler ve aralar\u0131nda Antranik\u2019in de bulundu\u011fu g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc gruplar\u0131n liderleri kat\u0131l\u0131r. Kongrede, Vahan Papazyan (Koms) ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki Bat\u0131 Ermenileri milli meclisi se\u00e7ilir. Bu s\u00fcrede ise \u00f6nemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir.1917 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonlar\u0131na kadar Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019da ya\u015famakta olan birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz bin Ermeni, Ermeni Sorunu\u2019nun olumlu bir \u015fekilde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 konusunda \u00fcmit beslemekteydi.<\/p>\n

Ermeni (Do\u011fu Ermenileri) Milli Konseyi\u2019nin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

\u015eubat devrimi sonras\u0131nda, Transkafkasya\u2019da, belli bir millet \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde y\u00f6netim ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren milli meclisler olu\u015fur. \u00d6ncelikle Transkafkasya\u2019daki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, G\u00fcrc\u00fcler, daha sonra da Ermeniler benzer meclisler kurar.<\/p>\n

1917 Eyl\u00fcl-Ekim aylar\u0131nda Tiflis\u2019te 1. Bat\u0131 Ermenileri kongresi toplan\u0131r. Kongredeki delegelerin yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131 Da\u015fnaktsutyun \u00fcyelerinden olu\u015fmaktayd\u0131. Kongre, d\u0131\u015f ve i\u00e7 (\u00f6z savunma, m\u00fclteciler, g\u0131da sorunu vs.) \u00f6nemli sorunlar\u0131 ele al\u0131r. Kongrenin sonunda, \u00e7ok partililik prensibiyle 15 ki\u015fiden olu\u015fan Ermeni (merkezi) Milli Meclisi olu\u015fturulur. Siyaset\u00e7i-yazar Avetis Aharonyan, meclis ba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ilir. Ermeni Milli Meclisi askeri, m\u00fclteci, okul, g\u0131da, t\u0131p vs. gibi b\u00f6l\u00fcmlere veya komiserliklere sahipti. Ermeni Milli Meclisi, Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ilan\u0131na kadar, fiili olarak Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n en \u00fcst organ\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n

Tiflis\u2019te olu\u015fturulan Ermeni Merkezi Milli Meclisi\u2019nin haricinde, \u015fubeler ve yerel y\u00f6netimler olarak Bak\u00fc, Yerevan, Karaba\u011f, Akhaltskha ve daha ba\u015fka yerlerde, b\u00f6lgesel milli meclisler de kurulur.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6ylece, OZaKom ile s\u0131n\u0131f temelinde olu\u015fturulan i\u015f\u00e7i, asker ve k\u00f6yl\u00fc meclisleriyle birlikte, milli y\u00f6netim organlar\u0131 olarak milli meclisler de kurulur.<\/p>\n

Ekim Devrimi\u2019nin zaferi. Transkafkasya ve Ermenistan\u2019daki durum<\/b><\/p>\n

V.\u0130.Lenin \u00f6nderli\u011findeki Bol\u015fevikler, \u015eubat Devrimi sonras\u0131nda, ge\u00e7ici h\u00fck\u00fcmeti silahl\u0131 devrim sayesinde devirip, y\u00f6netimi ellerine almaya karar verir. Bu gayeye eri\u015fmek amac\u0131yla halk kitlelerini ilgilendiren bar\u0131\u015f, toprak, ekmek ve i\u015fle ilgili geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 bir propaganda ba\u015flatarak, \u00fclkedeki baz\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerin meclislerinde \u00e7o\u011funluk elde eder. 25 Ekim 1917 (yeni tarihle 7 Kas\u0131m) tarihinde Bol\u015fevikler, ba\u015fkent Petrograd\u2019da (Sankt Peterburg) silahl\u0131 bir devrim ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirip, y\u00f6netime el koyar. Ge\u00e7ici h\u00fck\u00fcmet la\u011fvedilir ve anayasal kurulu toplama \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 suya d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>\n

Ekim Devrimi\u2019nin zaferiyle, Sovyet Rusya tarihinin d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flar. Devrimin zaferle sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131n\u0131n akabinde bar\u0131\u015f ve toprak dekretleri (kanun) kabul edilir, V.\u0130.Lenin liderli\u011finde i\u015f\u00e7i-k\u00f6yl\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ve halk komiserleri meclisi kurulur.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Ekim Devrimi Transkafkasya\u2019da hemen kabul edilmez. Transkafkasya\u2019daki etkili siyasi \u00e7evreler, Ekim Devrimi\u2019ni genelde olumsuz kabul eder. B\u00f6lgenin en etkili \u00fc\u00e7 partisi olan G\u00fcrc\u00fc Men\u015fevikler, Ermeni Da\u015fnaktsakanlar ve Azerbaycanl\u0131 Musavatlar, 15 Kas\u0131m 1917 tarihinde, itibar kaybetmi\u015f olan OZaKom\u2019un yerine, Transkafkasya Komiserli\u011fi ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda yeni bir y\u00f6netim organ\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Transkafkasya Komiserli\u011fi, b\u00f6lgenin y\u00f6netimini ge\u00e7ici olarak \u00fczerine al\u0131r. Fiili olarak Transkafkasya\u2019y\u0131 Rusya\u2019dan ay\u0131rma siyaseti g\u00fcden Transkafkasya Seym\u2019i (meclisi), \u00e7ok parti prensibiyle 1918 \u015eubat\u0131nda kurulur.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6lgede Ekim Devrimi\u2019ni savunanlar sadece yerel Bol\u015fevikler ve onlar\u0131n etkisi alt\u0131nda bulunan askeri birlikler olur. 1917 Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Sovyet h\u00fck\u00fcmeti lideri V.\u0130.Lenin\u2019in talimat\u0131yla, \u00fcnl\u00fc Bol\u015fevik S. \u015eahumyan (1878-1918) Kafkasya i\u015fleri ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc komiseri tayin edilir. Bol\u015feviklerin, Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n Sovyetle\u015fmesi \u00e7izgisi, sadece i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00e7ok say\u0131da oldu\u011fu Bak\u00fc\u2019de ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye Ermenistan\u2019\u0131yla ilgili dekret<\/b><\/p>\n

Sovyet Rusya h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin sloganlar\u0131ndan biri de, bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda bulunan halklara \u00f6z belirtim hakk\u0131 vermekti. Bu durum S. \u015eahumyan, V. Teryan, Rostom, H. Zavriyan vb. gibi, bir dizi etkili Ermeni ayd\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 heyecanland\u0131r\u0131r. Bu ki\u015filerin \u00e7abalar\u0131yla Sovyet h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, 1917 Aral\u0131k sonlar\u0131nda \u201cT\u00fcrkiye Ermenistan\u2019\u0131 hakk\u0131nda\u201d dekreti kabul eder.<\/p>\n

Sovyet h\u00fck\u00fcmeti bu deklarasyonla T\u00fcrkiye Ermenistan\u2019\u0131ndaki (Bat\u0131 Ermenistan) Ermeni n\u00fcfusunun, tam ayr\u0131lmaya kadar gidebilecek olan \u00f6z belirtim hakk\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131r. Halk Komiserli\u011fi Meclisi, bunun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in de, Rus ordular\u0131n\u0131n Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019dan \u00e7ekilmesini elzem g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Bat\u0131 Ermenilerin can ve mal g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in, Ermeni milli polis te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. T\u00fcrk y\u00f6netimi taraf\u0131ndan yerlerinden edilen Ermenilerin, hemen vatanlar\u0131na d\u00f6nmeleri, yerel y\u00f6netim organlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 vs. talep edilir. Lakin Rus ordular\u0131n\u0131n, devrim sonucunda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi ve Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019dan zaman\u0131ndan erken geri \u00e7ekilmesinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 Ermeniler i\u00e7in y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 olur. Osmanl\u0131 ordusu, Kafkasya cephesinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi \u015fartlar\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7erek, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019\u0131 i\u015fgal eder. \u201cT\u00fcrkiye Ermenistan\u2019\u0131 hakk\u0131nda\u201d dekret ise, sadece bir belge olarak kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6ylelikle, 1917 Rus Devrimi d\u00f6neminde Ermenistan ve Ermeni halk\u0131 i\u00e7in a\u011f\u0131r ve zor \u015fartlar olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7eviren: Diran Lokmag\u00f6zyan<\/b><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.findarmenia.com\/arm\/history\/26\/543<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Monar\u015finin devrilmesi, yeni y\u00f6netim organlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131 Rusya, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda zor duruma d\u00fc\u015fer ve \u00fclke ihtilal\u0131n e\u015fi\u011fine gelir. Halk\u0131n genel ho\u015fnutsuzlu\u011fu devrime d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr ve 1917 \u015eubat\u0131nda Rus monar\u015fizmi y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece, Romanof\u2019lar\u0131n 300 y\u0131ll\u0131k egemenli\u011fi son bulur. \u00dclkede olu\u015fan ikili y\u00f6netimden biri, i\u015f\u00e7i kitlelerinin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 savunan i\u015f\u00e7i, asker ve k\u00f6yl\u00fc vekillerinin Sovyetleri, di\u011feri ise, burjuvaziyi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[65,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35443","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ermenilerin-tarihi","category-haberler"],"yoast_head":"\n99. \u015eubat ve Ekim devrimleri sonras\u0131nda Transkafkasya ve Ermenistan\u2019daki durum - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=35443\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"99. \u015eubat ve Ekim devrimleri sonras\u0131nda Transkafkasya ve Ermenistan\u2019daki durum - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Monar\u015finin devrilmesi, yeni y\u00f6netim organlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131 Rusya, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda zor duruma d\u00fc\u015fer ve \u00fclke ihtilal\u0131n e\u015fi\u011fine gelir. Halk\u0131n genel ho\u015fnutsuzlu\u011fu devrime d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr ve 1917 \u015eubat\u0131nda Rus monar\u015fizmi y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131r. 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