{"id":35177,"date":"2015-06-09T04:34:39","date_gmt":"2015-06-09T09:34:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=35177"},"modified":"2015-06-09T04:34:39","modified_gmt":"2015-06-09T09:34:39","slug":"resmi-tarihin-yazmadigi-1916-ankara-yangini","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=35177","title":{"rendered":"Resmi tarihin yazmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 1916 Ankara Yang\u0131n\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Ayse<\/a>Ay\u015fe H\u00fcr<\/b><\/p>\n

Ankara’da yang\u0131n 13 Eyl\u00fcl 1916 g\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, Refik Halit Karay’a g\u00f6re iki gece\/bir g\u00fcn, ba\u015fka kaynaklara g\u00f6re \u00fc\u00e7 gece\/iki g\u00fcn s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. 21 Eyl\u00fcl 1916 tarihli bir rapora g\u00f6re yang\u0131nda 1030 hane, 935 d\u00fckkan, iki cami, alt\u0131 mescit, yedi kilise, \u00fc\u00e7 hastane, iki tevkifhane, bir polis karakolu, Reji ve \u0130TC Kul\u00fcp binalar\u0131 ile \u015fehrin yar\u0131s\u0131 yanm\u0131\u015f, be\u015f ki\u015fi \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Adeta siyasi bir yang\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir d\u00f6nemde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen Cumhuriyet tarihinin en \u00f6nemli se\u00e7imlerinden birinde oy verme i\u015flemi s\u00fcrerken, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin siyasi kaderinin tayin edildi\u011fi Ankara hakk\u0131nda yazmak iyi bir fikir geldi bana. Umar\u0131m size de \u00f6yle gelir.<\/p>\n

Ankara\u2019n\u0131n Milli M\u00fccadele\u2019nin fiili ba\u015fkenti olmas\u0131nda, Ali Fuad (Cebesoy) Pa\u015fa kumandas\u0131ndaki 20. Kolordu\u2019nun merkezinin Ankara\u2019da olmas\u0131n\u0131n pay\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fc. 1919 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda, Ali Fuad Pa\u015fa ile Ankara M\u00fcft\u00fcs\u00fc R\u0131fad (B\u00f6rek\u00e7i) Efendi\u2019nin liderli\u011fini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Azm-i Milli Cemiyeti, \u0130stanbul yanl\u0131s\u0131 Ankara Valisi Muhiddin Bey\u2019i yarg\u0131lanmak \u00fczere Sivas\u2019a g\u00f6ndererek, yerine Yahya Galib\u2019i atam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Sivas Kongresi s\u0131ras\u0131nda Elaz\u0131\u011f Valisi Ali Galib\u2019in Sivas\u2019\u0131 basarak Kongre\u2019yi da\u011f\u0131tmay\u0131 ve Mustafa Kemal\u2019i \u0130stanbul\u2019a g\u00f6t\u00fcrmeyi planlamas\u0131, Sivas Valisi Re\u015fid Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n Frans\u0131z Jandarma M\u00fcfetti\u015fi Mr. Brunot\u2019nun \u00f6nerisi ile Mustafa Kemal\u2019e kongreyi ba\u015fka yerde toplamay\u0131 \u00f6nermesi, Mustafa Kemal Amasya\u2019ya do\u011fru yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u015eeyh Receb, Ahmed Kemal ve Celal adl\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015finin \u0130stanbul\u2019a Mustafa Kemal\u2019in aleyhine bir telgraf \u00e7ekmesi gibi pek \u00e7ok tats\u0131z olay, Mustafa Kemal\u2019in Ankara\u2019ya gelmesi i\u00e7in uygun zemini haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

MUSTAFA KEMAL\u2019\u0130N ANKARA\u2019YA GEL\u0130\u015e\u0130<\/b><\/p>\n

Mustafa Kemal ve Sivas\u2019ta se\u00e7ilen Heyet-i Temsiliye \u00fcyeleri, Ankara\u2019ya 27 Aral\u0131k 1919 Cumartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6\u011fleden sonra geldiler. 23 Nisan 1920\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131lan B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi Ankara\u2019n\u0131n yeni devletteki rol\u00fcne dair ilk ciddi ipucu idi. Ger\u00e7i, Eski\u015fehir bozgunundan sonra Ankara tahliye edilmi\u015f ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetin \u00f6nemli kadrolar\u0131 Kayseri\u2019ye ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ama Sakarya Meydan Muharebesi\u2019nin kazan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n verdi\u011fi \u00f6zg\u00fcvenle Mustafa Kemal, Kas\u0131m 1921\u2019de Le Temps gazetesi yazar\u0131 Madame Berthe G. Gaulis\u2019e \u201cSiyasi ba\u015fkent Anadolu\u2019nun y\u00fcre\u011finde olacak. Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n ve Asya\u2019n\u0131n temsilcileri bizlerle burada bulu\u015facaklar, b\u00fct\u00fcn diplomatik sorunlar burada ele al\u0131nacak, i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f politika burada olu\u015facak. T\u00fcrk milletinden do\u011fma h\u00fck\u00fcmet Ankara\u2019da \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak\u201d diyecekti.<\/p>\n

ASYALI BA\u015eKENT<\/b><\/p>\n

1922\u2019de Ankara\u2019y\u0131 ziyaret eden \u0130ngiliz gazeteci Grace M. Ellison \u201cAcayip ama, bir insan\u0131n bu bozk\u0131r kasabas\u0131nda g\u00f6z\u00fcne \u00e7arpan \u2018b\u00fcy\u00fck do\u011fu\u015f\u2019 havas\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019da yok. T\u00fcrkler ayn\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncede birle\u015fmi\u015fler ve se\u00e7imleri i\u00e7in tam ve pratik sebepler ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fler. \u0130stanbul\u2019da insan ge\u00e7ici olarak kalabilir. Fakat onlar Asyal\u0131 bir ba\u015fkent istiyor. Onlar kendi \u00fclkelerini sava\u015f gemilerinin muhtemel sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131ndan uzak bir yerden y\u00f6netmek istiyorlar. Eylemin be\u015fi\u011fiyle ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 bu yeri se\u00e7mekle s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilecekler. Bundan ba\u015fka bu bozk\u0131r kasabas\u0131nda ilkel ve Asyal\u0131 bir \u00e7ekicilik var. B\u00f6ylece kendilerini Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ticaret \u00fcst\u00fcne kurulu imparatorlar\u0131n\u0131n entrika ve maddecili\u011finden korumu\u015f olacaklar\u201d derken Kemalist kadrolar\u0131n ruh halini b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yakalam\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n

B\u0130R \u2018YANGIN YER\u0130\u2019 OLARAK ANGORA<\/b><\/p>\n

1922\u2019de Frans\u0131z Temps gazetesinin muhabiri olarak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelen Paul Gentizon, 1929 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan Mustafa Kemal ve Uyanan Do\u011fu adl\u0131 eserinde o g\u00fcnlerin Ankara\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r: \u201cAngora, Kemalistler 1920\u2019de oraya yerle\u015ftiklerinde, hatta daha sonralar\u0131, 1923\u2019de (\u2026) ilk kez g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmde (\u2026) a\u011f\u0131r a\u011f\u0131r can \u00e7eki\u015ferek \u00f6lmeye mahkum olmu\u015f gibiydi. Eski semtlerde, T\u00fcrk kentlerinin o bilinen ho\u015f, \u00e7ekici havas\u0131ndan eser bile yoktu. (\u2026) Zeminin korkun\u00e7 engebeleriyle birle\u015fen nemli sokak\u00e7\u0131klar, ayakta duramayan viran evler, delik de\u015fik olmu\u015f kulubeler, bo\u015f arsalar, y\u0131k\u0131k duvarlar, harap hanlar, \u00e7ukurlar, su birikintileri, d\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcler, pislik ve bu korkun y\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131da, y\u0131rt\u0131k p\u0131rt\u0131k giysiler i\u00e7inde bir kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fcrk\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fc sefaleti (\u2026) 1918\u2019de orada iki bin ev alev alev yanm\u0131\u015f. Ve \u015fimdi onlar\u0131n kent merkezindeki yerlerinden geriye, mantar ve b\u00f6\u011f\u00fcrtlenlerin istilas\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015f bo\u015f bir alan kalm\u0131\u015f.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00a0Bundan \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Toplumsal Tarih dergisinin 227. say\u0131s\u0131nda Taylan Esin\u2019in \u201cYunanca Kaynaklara G\u00f6re 1916 Ankara Yang\u0131n\u0131\u201d yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 okuyuncaya kadar bu \u2018yang\u0131n yeri\u2019 teriminin bir metafor oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordum. Me\u011ferse ger\u00e7ek anlam\u0131yla bir yang\u0131n yeriymi\u015f Ankara. Gentizon\u2019un yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla 1918\u2019de dedi\u011fi 1916 yang\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nceki Ankara nas\u0131l bir yerdi? Yang\u0131n nas\u0131l \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131? Yang\u0131ndan sonra neler olmu\u015ftu? Gelin bunlar\u0131 Taylan Esin\u2019in makalesinden ve Taylan Esin ve Zeliha Et\u00f6z\u2019\u00fcn 1916 Ankara Yang\u0131n\u0131 adl\u0131 kitab\u0131ndan anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fal\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Yazarlar\u0131n \u00f6nemli kaynaklar\u0131ndan ilki, yang\u0131n tarihinde Ankara\u2019da s\u00fcrg\u00fcn hayat\u0131 ya\u015fayan Refik Halit (Karay). Di\u011fer iki \u00f6nemli kaynak ise Evdokya Epeo\u011flu Bakalaki\u2019nin \u201cAnkara\u2019daki Hayat\u0131mdan Hat\u0131ralar\u2019 kitab\u0131, di\u011feri Androniki Karasuli-Mastoridu\u2019nun \u2018Kay\u0131p Vatan\u0131mdan Hat\u0131ralar: Ankara\u2019daki Hayat\u0131m\u2019 kitaplar\u0131.<\/p>\n

HIR\u0130ST\u0130YAN MAHALLELER\u0130N\u0130N YOK OLU\u015eU<\/b><\/p>\n

Bu kaynaklara g\u00f6re yang\u0131n 13 Eyl\u00fcl 1916 g\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, Refik Halit Karay\u2019a g\u00f6re iki gece\/bir g\u00fcn, ba\u015fka kaynaklara g\u00f6re \u00fc\u00e7 gece\/iki g\u00fcn s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. 21 Eyl\u00fcl 1916 tarihli bir rapora g\u00f6re yang\u0131nda 1.030 hane, 935 d\u00fckkan, iki cami, alt\u0131 mescit, yedi kilise, \u00fc\u00e7 hastane, iki tevkifhane, bir polis karakolu, Reji ve \u0130TC Kul\u00fcp binalar\u0131 ile \u015fehrin yar\u0131s\u0131 yanm\u0131\u015f, be\u015f ki\u015fi \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Rapora ekli haritadan anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar\u0131yla yang\u0131nda Ermeni ve Rum mahallesi neredeyse t\u00fcm\u00fcyle yanm\u0131\u015f, buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k yang\u0131n Hallac Mahmud Camii\u2019nin ve Kuyulu Kahve\u2019nin bat\u0131s\u0131na uzanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in M\u00fcsl\u00fcman mahalleri g\u00f6rece az zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Karasuli\u2019ye g\u00f6re 8 bin H\u0131ristiyan evini, Epeo\u011flu\u2019na g\u00f6re toplam 12 bin evi k\u00fcl etmi\u015fti. \u0130ngiliz belgelerine g\u00f6re geride sadece 100 civar\u0131nda Rum evi ile Ankara \u00c7ay\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kenar\u0131nda 50 kadar Ermeni evi kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yang\u0131nda Ankara Rum Metropolithanesi ar\u015fivleri tamamen yok olmu\u015ftu. \u0130stanbul\u2019daki Ayasofya\u2019dan bile eski oldu\u011fu rivayet olunan, 15. y\u00fczy\u0131lda camiye \u00e7evrilen, 1916\u2019da sadece y\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015f olan Aziz Klementos Kilisesi de yok olan dini yap\u0131lar i\u00e7inde en \u00f6nemlisiydi. 1914\u2019de askeri hastahane yap\u0131lmak \u00fczere el konulmu\u015f olan \u00fc\u00e7 gayrim\u00fcslim okulu da yanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

SU YER\u0130NE GAZYA\u011eI D\u00d6K\u00dcL\u00dcRSE…<\/b><\/p>\n

Rum yazarlara g\u00f6re yang\u0131n Ermeni mahallesinde ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ama nas\u0131l ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilinmiyordu. Karasuli \u2018kundaklama\u2019 demekle yetinmi\u015fti. Epeo\u011flu ise \u201cT\u00fcrkler sakinliklerini koruyarak d\u00fckkan ve evlerini bo\u015faltarak ve Hazine ile olan hesaplar\u0131n\u0131 bir kerede ve t\u00fcmden mahsup etmek i\u00e7in ate\u015fe verdiler. Yang\u0131n hi\u00e7bir \u015feyin kurtulmamas\u0131 i\u00e7indi. Bu ana baba g\u00fcn\u00fcnde Rum mahalleleri de temizlenmi\u015fti. G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc kurtarmak i\u00e7in asgari say\u0131da T\u00fcrk evinin de yanmas\u0131na izin verdiler\u201d diye yazacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 g\u00f6rg\u00fc tan\u0131klar\u0131na g\u00f6re yang\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zla yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni baz\u0131 gruplar\u0131n yang\u0131na su de\u011fil gazya\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6kmesiydi. Refik Halit Karay da \u201csokaklardaki e\u015fyalar\u0131n \u00fczerine sanki gaz d\u00f6k\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, benzin serpilmi\u015f gibi alevlendi\u011fini\u201d yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Karasuli de \u201c\u0130nsanlar\u0131n birbiri ard\u0131na yang\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve vazge\u00e7meye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 ne oluyor diye sordu. Ba\u015flar\u0131ndakiler, ate\u015fi s\u00f6nd\u00fcrmelerini yasaklam\u0131\u015f ve evleri yanmaya terk etmi\u015fti, soranlara bunu s\u00f6ylediler\u201d demi\u015fti. Karasuli ard\u0131ndan, Ortodoks ahalinin Aziz Nikolaos Kilisesi\u2019nin yanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in olanca g\u00fc\u00e7leriyle, d\u0131\u015f cephesini hal\u0131larla \u00f6rtmeyi ve \u0131slatmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ancak bir grup T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn day\u0131s\u0131na okkal\u0131 bir tokat at\u0131p \u201cB\u0131rak\u0131n yans\u0131n h\u0131nz\u0131r gavurlar, daha \u00f6rnek almad\u0131n\u0131z m\u0131, da\u011f\u0131l\u0131n buradan!\u201d dedi\u011fini eklemi\u015fti. Bu anlat\u0131lar ve yang\u0131n\u0131n ula\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ulus\u2019taki Aziz Nikolaos Kilisesi\u2019nin de yanmas\u0131, yang\u0131n\u0131n kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak gayrim\u00fcslimleri ka\u00e7\u0131rtmak i\u00e7in \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tezleriyle uyumluydu.<\/p>\n

KA\u00c7 GAYR\u0130M\u00dcSL\u0130M YA\u015eIYORDU?<\/b><\/p>\n

1914 n\u00fcfus verilerine g\u00f6re Ankara merkez kazas\u0131nda 69.066 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, 3.327 Rum-Ortodoks, 915 Protestan, 3.341 Gregoryan, 6.690 Katolik olmak \u00fczere toplam 14.400 gayrim\u00fcslim ya\u015f\u0131yordu. Bu say\u0131lara g\u00f6re Ankara merkezin n\u00fcfusunun y\u00fczde 20\u2019si gayrim\u00fcslimdi. Ermenilerin ezici b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc 1915\u2019te s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, katledilmi\u015fti. B\u00f6ylece 1916\u2019da Ankara\u2019da 2 bin Katolik Ermeni, 1.500-2 bin aras\u0131nda da Ortodoks (Rum-Ermeni) oldu\u011fu san\u0131l\u0131yordu. Yang\u0131ndan sonra kalan Ermenilerin \u00e7o\u011fu Ankara\u2019dan ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Rumlar i\u00e7in s\u00fcrg\u00fcn tarihi ise 1921 idi. Bu tarihe kadar Rum cemaati \u00f6nemli bir bask\u0131 g\u00f6rmemi\u015fti. Hatta Karasuli\u2019ye g\u00f6re cemaatin Yunanistan \u00f6zlemini dile getiren m\u00fcsamerelerini, T\u00fcrkler de izliyor ve ayakta alk\u0131\u015fl\u0131yorlard\u0131. Ancak \u0130tilaf Devletleri\u2019nin komiserlerinin Ankara\u2019dan \u00e7ekildi\u011fi Mart ay\u0131ndan itibaren Rum evleri aranmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, erkekler hapse at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, mahkeme, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn veya infazlar ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00d6NCE LATERNA SESLER\u0130 KES\u0130LD\u0130<\/b><\/p>\n

Haymana Kaymakam\u0131 iken Ankara\u2019da Polis M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6revine atanm\u0131\u015f olan Ali Cemal Bardak\u00e7\u0131\u2019ya g\u00f6re, Muhittin Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n yerine vali olarak atanan Defterdar Yahya Galip\u2019e g\u00f6re \u201claterna g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fc Ankara\u2019n\u0131n haysiyeti ile ba\u011fda\u015fmamakta\u201d idi. Yahya Galip, Cemal Bardak\u00e7\u0131\u2019ya \u201cBeni ve \u015fehri bu laterna g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fcnden kurtaracaks\u0131n. \u00d6tesini sen bilirsin\u201d demi\u015fti. \u201cM\u00fctareke\u2019den bu yana devam eden ta\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in benimle gelen d\u00f6rt Haymanal\u0131 ile Ankara\u2026. sokaklar\u0131na dald\u0131k. Aradan bir hafta ge\u00e7mi\u015fti ki ortal\u0131kta ne laternalar, ne silah sesleri ve ne de sokaklarda \u0130ngiliz ve Frans\u0131z komiserlerine g\u00fcvenerek serke\u015flik edenler kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131,\u201d diye anlat\u0131r g\u00f6revi nas\u0131l yerine getirdi\u011fini Cemal Bardak\u00e7\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ankara\u2019daki Rum cemaati, Yunan ordusu Polatl\u0131\u2019ya kadar geldi\u011finde umutlanm\u0131\u015f, hatta orduyu kar\u015f\u0131lamak \u00fczere bayraklar bile haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak ricat haberi ile birlikte umutlar s\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f ard\u0131ndan da infazlar ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Her g\u00fcn 28-30 gen\u00e7, Yunan esirler, asker ka\u00e7lar\u0131 ve rejim muhalifi M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar Atpazar\u0131\u2019ndaki dara\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6nderilmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 9 Eyl\u00fcl 1922\u2019de \u0130zmir geri al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, geride kalanlar\u0131n Ankara\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na izin verilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

B\u0130Z EFEND\u0130, ONLAR \u00c7ORBACIMIZ<\/b><\/p>\n

Falih R\u0131fk\u0131, \u00c7ankaya adl\u0131 eserinde \u015f\u00f6yle anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 \u2018T\u00fcrklere\u2019 kalm\u0131\u015f Ankara\u2019y\u0131: \u201cVaktiyle H\u0131ristiyanlar Ankara\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn iyi ge\u00e7im ve kazan\u00e7 kaynaklar\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnde kurulmu\u015flar, Kalenin istasyona bakan s\u0131rt\u0131n\u0131 konaklar\u0131, otelleri, lokanta ve hanlar\u0131 ile donatm\u0131\u015flar. \u00c7ankaya ve Ke\u00e7i\u00f6ren semtlerine de asma, yemi\u015f ve g\u00f6lge a\u011fac\u0131 dikerek yaz i\u00e7in serince birer k\u00f6\u015fe edinmi\u015fler. Biz T\u00fcrkler efendili\u011fimizle kalm\u0131\u015f\u0131z ama, onlar, \u00e7orbac\u0131m\u0131z kesilmi\u015fler. [1]923\u2019te Ankara\u2019ya geldi\u011fimiz vakit, ba\u011f evleri ile m\u00fcstesna, H\u0131ristiyan mahallesinden eser yoktu. Trenden inince iki tarafl\u0131 bir bataktan, a\u011fa\u00e7s\u0131z bir mezarl\u0131ktan, kerpi\u00e7 ve h\u0131m\u0131\u015f esnaf barakalar\u0131 aras\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erek tozumas\u0131 bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc bitmeyen bir yang\u0131n yerine sapard\u0131k. \u015eimdi geri bir Anadolu kasabas\u0131n\u0131n bile o g\u00fcnk\u00fc Ankara kadar iptidai oldu\u011funu sanm\u0131yorum (\u2026) Ankara, \u0130stanbul surlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki b\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin sembol\u00fc idi. Ermeniler ve Rumlarla beraber hayat ve \u2018umran\u2019 denecek ne varsa hepsi s\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcp gitmi\u015fti. Bu \u015fehri ve bu memleketi temelinden \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131na kadar kuracakt\u0131k. (\u2026) \u201d<\/p>\n

Taylan Esin\u2019in dedi\u011fi gibi Falih R\u0131fk\u0131 ancak, 1963 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan Bat\u0131\u015f Y\u0131llar\u0131\u2019nda adl\u0131 eserinde kollektif sorumlulu\u011fu \u00fcstlenecekti: \u201cAnkara\u2019n\u0131n zengin semtleri ve bak\u0131ml\u0131 yazl\u0131klar\u0131 Ermenilerin mal\u0131 idi. Ermeni lokantas\u0131nda yiyor ve Ermeni otelinde kal\u0131yorduk. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131 en eski alaturka idi. Yerden y\u00fcksek d\u00fckkanlarda ba\u011fda\u015f oturuldu\u011funu hat\u0131rl\u0131yorum. Ankara\u2019da kald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z otelin ad\u0131 Santral, lokantas\u0131 iyi, yataklar\u0131 temiz ve rahatt\u0131. \u2018Tehcir\u2019 zaman\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131 idi. Ankara ba\u015fkent oldu\u011fu vakit Santral otelini aram\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Alt\u0131ndaki ah\u0131ra at ba\u011flanan Ta\u015fhan\u2019dan ba\u015fka kal\u0131nabilecek yer yoktu. Benim ilk g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm Ankara\u2019n\u0131n medenilik ad\u0131na nesi varsa hepsini yak\u0131p k\u00fcl etmi\u015ftik.\u201d (Falih R\u0131fk\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 1922 \u0130zmir Yang\u0131n\u0131 ile ilgili itiraflar\u0131n\u0131 ise \u015fu yaz\u0131mdan okuyabilirsiniz: okumak i\u00e7in t\u0131klay\u0131n)<\/p>\n

SOYKIRIMIN TAMAMLAYICISI YANGINLAR<\/b><\/p>\n

Taylan Esin ve Zeliha Et\u00f6z\u2019\u00fcn saptad\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, 1914-1918 aras\u0131nda Anadolu\u2019nun ba\u015fka yerlerinde de \u00f6nemli yang\u0131nlar ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin 12 Mart ve 21 Temmuz 1915 tarihlerinde Amasya\u2019da, 3 May\u0131s 1914\u2019te Kastamonu\u2019da,\u00a0 May\u0131s 1914 ve Ocak 1916\u2019da Tokat\u2019ta, 19 A\u011fustos 1914\u2019te Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da, 24 A\u011fustos 1914\u2019te Edirne\u2019de, 30 Haziran 1915\u2019te Band\u0131rma\u2019n\u0131n Preme karyesinde, 23\/24 A\u011fustos 1915\u2019de Bursa-Orhangazi\u2019nin Yenik\u00f6y karyesinde, 27 A\u011fustos 1915\u2019te \u0130zmit\u2019te, 3 Ekim 1915\u2019te Adana-Ha\u00e7in\u2019de, Mart 1917\u2019de Band\u0131rma\u2019da, Nisan-A\u011fustos 1917\u2019de Ayval\u0131k\u2019ta, 18 Nisan 1917\u2019de Gelibolu\u2019da, 27 A\u011fustos 1917\u2019de Erdek\u2019te, 31 May\u0131s 1918\u2019de \u0130stanbul\u2019da Cibali-Fatih-Alt\u0131mermer b\u00f6lgesinde yang\u0131nlar \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yazarlara g\u00f6re bu yang\u0131nlar\u0131n ortak \u00f6zelli\u011fi 1) Kentlerde veya g\u00f6rece b\u00fcy\u00fck merkezlerde meydana gelmeleri, 2) Genellikle H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n yo\u011funlukta oldu\u011fu mahal(le)lere zarar vermeleri, 3) Diyarbak\u0131r yang\u0131n\u0131 hari\u00e7, resmi belgelerde bilgilerin mu\u011flak ve \u00f6rt\u00fck olu\u015fu, faillerin kim oldu\u011funun belirtilmemesi, 4) Buna kar\u015f\u0131n, \u00e7o\u011funun kundaklama oldu\u011funa dair ikincil kaynaklar ve rivayetlerin olmas\u0131yd\u0131. Yazarlar son olarak, bu yang\u0131nlar\u0131n hem \u00fclkeden zorla s\u00fcr\u00fclenlerin geride b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 mallar\u0131n (emval-i metruke) payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ihtilaflar\u0131n, hem de isk\u00e2n politikalar\u0131n\u0131n tamamlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtiyorlar.<\/p>\n

DEVLET\u0130N MERKEZ\u0130 ANKARA\u2019DIR!<\/b><\/p>\n

Tekrar Ankara\u2019ya d\u00f6nersek, Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri\u2019nin kesintiye u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde Mustafa Kemal bir Ege gezisine \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, 16\/17 Ocak 1923 tarihinde \u0130zmit Kasr\u0131\u2019nda \u0130stanbul\u2019un \u00f6nde gelen gazetecileri ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc toplant\u0131da, Suphi Nuri (\u0130leri) Bey\u2019in sorusu \u00fczerine \u015fu cevab\u0131 vermi\u015fti: \u201cH\u00fck\u00fcmet merkezi neresi olmal\u0131d\u0131r? D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fck. Bendenizce iki nokta-i nazardan tetkikat yapmak icabeder. Biri her nevi taarruz ve tecav\u00fcze kar\u015f\u0131 yerinden k\u0131p\u0131rdamayarak kuvvet ve s\u00fck\u00fbnetini muhafaza edecek bir yer olmal\u0131 (\u2026) Yoksa bir geminin topundan tela\u015fa d\u00fc\u015febilecek bir yerde h\u00fck\u00fcmet merkezi olmaz. \u0130kincisi: H\u00fck\u00fcmet merkezi \u00f6yle bir yerde olmal\u0131 ki h\u00fck\u00fcmet nazar\u0131n\u0131 memleketin b\u00fct\u00fcn muhitlerine m\u00fcsavi surette atfedebilsin (\u2026) Herhalde bir\u00e7ok sebepler h\u00fck\u00fcmet merkezinin (Ankara-Kayseri-Sivas) m\u00fcsellesi (\u00fc\u00e7geni) dahilinde bir noktada olmas\u0131n\u0131 icap ettiriyor. Bu m\u00fcsellesin bir re\u2019sinde (noktas\u0131nda) bulunan Ankara pek \u00e2l\u00e2 merkez olabilir. Esasen hadisat (olaylar) da oras\u0131n\u0131 merkez yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n

K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir ve Rauf Bey, bu karara \u015fiddetle kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar, ancak \u0130smet (\u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc) Bey ve 14 arkada\u015f\u0131 Ankara\u2019n\u0131n \u2018devletin makarr-\u0131 idaresi\u2019 yani \u2018idare merkezi\u2019 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nergelerini verdiler. \u00d6nerge 13 Ekim1923\u2019te kabul edildi. Karara sadece Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane Milletvekili Zeki (Kadirbeyo\u011flu) Bey ret oyu vermi\u015fti. Bu karar 1921 Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Esasiye\u2019sine bir madde olarak eklendi. B\u00f6ylece, \u0130stanbul\u2019un 470 y\u0131l s\u00fcren saltanat\u0131na son verildi.<\/p>\n

M\u0130LL\u00ce M\u0130MAR\u0130\/ YEN\u0130 M\u0130MAR\u0130<\/b><\/p>\n

1916 yang\u0131n\u0131 ile zenginli\u011finin silinip s\u00fcp\u00fcr\u00fclmesine dair son izlerin de ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla \u2018k\u00f6hne Anadolu kasabas\u0131\u2019 tan\u0131mlamas\u0131na ger\u00e7eklik kazand\u0131r\u0131lan, bir zamanlar\u0131n \u0131ss\u0131z ve s\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 kasabas\u0131ndan modern ve Bat\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fehir yarat\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u015fine 16 \u015eubat 1924\u2019te \u015eehremaneti\u2019nin (belediye) kurulmas\u0131yla ba\u015fland\u0131. Geli\u015fmeleri, 1924 tarihli L\u00f6rcher Plan\u0131, 1925 tarihli \u0130stimlak Kanunu, 1926 tarihli Emlak ve Eytam Bankas\u0131 ile finansman kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yarat\u0131lmas\u0131 izledi. Yap\u0131 malzemeleri sa\u011flayan fabrikalar ve amele evleri yap\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130stanbul\u2019dan davet edilen Vedad (Tek), Guillio Mongeri, Kemaleddin Bey, Muzaffer Bey ve Arif Hikmet (Koyuno\u011flu) gibi Sel\u00e7uklu ve Osmanl\u0131 unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n Bat\u0131l\u0131 unsurlarla harman edilmesinden olu\u015fan neo-klasik \u00fcsluptaki \u2018Milli Mimari\u2019 ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcstatlar\u0131, devletin ve halk\u0131n t\u00fcm olanaklar\u0131n\u0131 seferber ederek Ankara\u2019n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli kamu binalar\u0131n\u0131 in\u015fa ettiler ancak Cumhuriyet\u2019in \u2018Yeni Mimari\u2019 diye an\u0131lan kendi \u00f6zg\u00fcn (?) mimari \u00fcslubunu bulmas\u0131 ancak yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n katk\u0131s\u0131yla olacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

1927 y\u0131l\u0131nda, asl\u0131nda yabanc\u0131lardan nefret eden ama eski bir belediyeci olarak planl\u0131 imara inanan \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Kaya ve Ankara Valisi Asaf Bey, \u201cistemeye istemeye\u201d Bat\u0131l\u0131 uzmanlara ak\u0131l dan\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in Berlin\u2019e bir komisyon g\u00f6nderdiler. Komisyonun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 75 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki mimar Profes\u00f6r Ludwig Hoffmann T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelemeyecek kadar ya\u015fl\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi ve yerine Berlin G\u00fczel Sanatlar Akademisi ve M\u00fchendislik Mektebi \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi Herman Jansen\u2019i \u00f6nerdi. 1928\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131lan uluslararas\u0131 yar\u0131\u015fmay\u0131, Mustafa Kemal\u2019in a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koymas\u0131yla kazanan Jansen\u2019in plan\u0131 ile Ankara dev bir \u015fantiyeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Jansen\u2019i Clemens Holzmeister, Ernst Egli, Theodor Jost, Martin Wagner, Martin Elsaesser, Bruno Taut ve R. Oerley gibi mimarlar izledi.<\/p>\n

Hepsi dev \u00f6l\u00e7ekli projeler y\u00fcz\u00fcnden arsa fiyatlar\u0131 y\u00fczde 1000 il\u00e2 4000 artm\u0131\u015f, r\u00fc\u015fvet ve yolsuzluk hik\u00e2yeleri ayyuka \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ama, 1930 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde bug\u00fcn h\u00e2l\u00e2 kullan\u0131lan kamu binalar\u0131n\u0131n ve bankalar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.1929 D\u00fcnya Ekonomik Buhran\u0131\u2019n\u0131n etkisiyle t\u00fcm T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yat\u0131r\u0131mlar dururken Ankara\u2019da ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na belediye harcamalar\u0131, Afife Batur\u2019a g\u00f6re 1927\u2019de T\u00fcrkiye ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n 28 kat\u0131, 1931\u2019de 23 kat\u0131yd\u0131. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, \u201cmodern ve Bat\u0131l\u0131 bir ba\u015fkent yaratma\u201d hedefine ula\u015fmak u\u011fruna t\u00fcm \u00fclke ihmal edilmi\u015fti. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu proje basit bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6yk\u00fcnme de\u011fildi, aksine ulus-devletin kurucu unsurlar\u0131ndan biriydi.<\/p>\n

YAKUP KADR\u0130\u2019N\u0130N \u00dcTOPYA-ANKARA\u2019SI<\/b><\/p>\n

1930-1932 aras\u0131nda Kemalist devlet\u00e7ili\u011fin daha radikal bir uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 savunan \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu TKP gelene\u011finden gelen bir grup sol y\u00f6nelimli ayd\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu Kadro hareketinden Yakup Kadri Karaosmano\u011flu, 1934 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan Ankara adl\u0131 roman\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201c(\u2026) Ger\u00e7i Jansen plan\u0131na g\u00f6re a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan ana cadde, hen\u00fcz, herhangi bir Avrupa metropol\u00fcndeki boulevard veya aveneu\u2019ler gibi i\u015flek ve canl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnmekten uzakt\u0131. Fakat bu ana caddeye do\u011fru inen sokaklarda eski tenhal\u0131ktan art\u0131k eser kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc eski \u015fehrin bir salyangoz izine benzeyen dola\u015f\u0131k, \u00e7arp\u0131\u015f\u0131k sokaklar\u0131nda da\u011f\u0131l\u0131p kaybolan halk, \u015fimdi belliba\u015fl\u0131 birka\u00e7 muntazam mahallede toplanm\u0131\u015f bulunuyordu.\u201d<\/p>\n

Yakup Kadri, bu \u2018muntazam mahalleler\u2019deki apartmanlar\u0131n, evlerin, resmi binalar\u0131n hemen hepsinde \u2018exotique\u2019 mimari tarz\u0131n\u0131n hakim oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler. Ona g\u00f6re Yeni\u015fehir\u2019den Kavakl\u0131dere\u2019ye do\u011fru s\u0131ralanan villalar aras\u0131nda kulesiz, sa\u00e7aks\u0131z binalara rastgelmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Bu evlerden birinin i\u00e7ine girersek, \u00f6rne\u011fin zengin s\u0131n\u0131ftan Murat Bey\u2019in bir b\u00fcy\u00fck salon geni\u015fli\u011finde olan \u201cdillere destan\u201d banyosunun lavabosundaki bizote aynalar, Berlin\u2019den getirtilen \u00e7e\u015fitli friksiyon ve masaj aletleri, \u201cAvrupai\u201d ya\u015fam tarz\u0131n\u0131n i\u015faretleridir. Murat Bey\u2019in evinde bir de \u015eark salonu vard\u0131r ki oyma raflar\u0131n ve h\u00fccrelerin i\u00e7inde \u201c\u015earkkarilikle hi\u00e7bir ilgisi bulunmayan\u201d \u00e7e\u015fitli e\u015fyalar bulunur. Hakk\u0131 Bey\u2019in \u2018Bat\u0131 tarz\u0131\u2019 evinden \u00e7\u0131kan Ne\u015fet Sabit\u00a0 adl\u0131 bir di\u011fer kahraman ise \u201ceski Ankara kasabas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6be\u011finde y\u00fcr\u00fcrken\u201d do\u011fu ile bat\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki z\u0131tl\u0131klar \u00fczerinde kafa yormaktad\u0131r. \u201cOturdu\u011fu mahallede hen\u00fcz hi\u00e7bir evin ne elektri\u011fi ne de suyu vard\u0131r ve zavall\u0131 Ankara halk\u0131, muhasaraya u\u011fram\u0131\u015f bir \u015fehirde gibi yar\u0131 \u0131slak \u00e7e\u015fme ve kuyular\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda birbirleriyle kavga etmektedir.\u201d<\/p>\n

GARP \u0130LE \u015eARK ARASINDA<\/b><\/p>\n

Roman ba\u015f kahramanlar\u0131ndan Selma Han\u0131m\u2019\u0131n evindeki \u201c\u00e7\u0131lg\u0131n balodan\u201d \u00e7\u0131kan Ne\u015fet Sabit, fakir mahallelerden birinde y\u00fcr\u00fcmekteyken ellerinde fenerlerle y\u00fcr\u00fcyen bir kalabal\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcr ve onlar\u0131n yats\u0131 namaz\u0131ndan sonra okunacak mevl\u00fbda gittiklerini \u00f6\u011frenerek, kendisi de kafileye dahil olur. Yakup Kadri, Ne\u015fet Sabit\u2019in i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu ikilemi \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle \u00f6zetler: \u201cGen\u00e7 adam yar\u0131m saat evvel \u2018aksa-y\u0131 garp\u2019ta idi. \u015eimdi, tam Asya\u2019n\u0131n, bir de orta\u00e7a\u011f Asya\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6be\u011findedir. Bu kadar ivica\u00e7l\u0131 (k\u0131vr\u0131ml\u0131) bir cemiyet i\u00e7inde do\u011fru yolu nas\u0131l bulmal\u0131? Bu mevl\u00fbda gidenler mi hakl\u0131d\u0131r, o salonda dans edenler mi?\u201d Cevab\u0131 yine kendisi verir: \u201cOnun milli idealine g\u00f6re v\u00fccut bulmas\u0131 laz\u0131m gelen yeni T\u00fcrk cemiyetinin \u00fcsl\u00fbbu, ne bu kerpi\u00e7 duvarlar aras\u0131nda bir \u00f6r\u00fcmcek gibi ya\u015fayanlardan, ne de i\u011freti bir dekor i\u00e7inde kurulmu\u015f kuklalar gibi z\u0131playanlardan \u00f6rnek alabilirdi. T\u00fcrk ink\u0131l\u00e2b\u0131n\u0131n vakarl\u0131 ve ahenkli ruhu, kendine lay\u0131k ifadeyi \u00e7ok daha canl\u0131, \u00e7ok daha \u015fahsiyetli bir mimaride aramaktad\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00a090 y\u0131ld\u0131r siyasetten k\u00fclt\u00fcre, ekonomiden sanata ayn\u0131 sorular etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6n\u00fcp durmam\u0131z ne ac\u0131kl\u0131\u2026<\/p>\n

\u00d6zet Kaynak\u00e7a: <\/b><\/p>\n

Mahmut Golo\u011flu, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti 1923, Ba\u015fnur Matbaas\u0131, 1971,\u00a0 Falih R\u0131fk\u0131 Atay, \u00c7ankaya, Do\u011fan Karde\u015f Matbaac\u0131l\u0131k, 1969; Refik Halit Karay, Ankara, Haz\u0131rlayan: Ali Birinci, \u0130nk\u0131lap Kitabevi, 2009; Hamdi Sadi Selen, \u201cAnkara\u2019n\u0131n Ba\u015fkent Olu\u015fu\u201d, Atat\u00fcrk Konferanslar\u0131 I, TTK Bas\u0131mevi, 1964; NureddinT\u00fcrsan, Ankara\u2019n\u0131n Ba\u015fkent Olu\u015fu, Harp Akademedileri Bas\u0131mevi, 1981; Vehbi Ko\u00e7, Ankara\u2019n\u0131n \u0130lk G\u00fcnleri, Ankara Ticaret Odas\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1988; Yakup Kadri Karaosmano\u011flu, Vatan Yolunda, Selek Yay\u0131nevi, 1958; a.g.y., Ankara, \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2006; Afife Batur, \u201cCumhuriyet D\u00f6neminde T\u00fcrk Mimarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d, Cumhuriyet D\u00f6nemi ve T\u00fcrkiye Ansiklopedisi, \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1995, s.1382, G\u00f6n\u00fcl Tankut, Bir Ba\u015fkentin \u0130mar\u0131, Anahtar Kitaplar Yay\u0131nevi, 1993; Tu\u011frul Ak\u00e7ura, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyetinin Ba\u015fkenti Hakk\u0131nda Monografik Bir Ara\u015ft\u0131rma, OTD\u00dc Yay\u0131n\u0131, G\u00fczel \u0130stanbul Matbaas\u0131, 1971; \u0130lhan Bardak\u00e7\u0131 , Ta\u015fhan\u2019dan Kadifekale\u2019ye, T\u00fcrk Edebiyat\u0131 Vakf\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1975; Taylan Esin, \u201cYunanca Kaynaklara G\u00f6re 1916 Ankara Yang\u0131n\u0131\u201d Toplumsal Tarih, 2012 Kas\u0131m, S. 227, s.22-34 ; Taylan Esin- Zeliha Et\u00f6z, 1916 Ankara Yang\u0131n\u0131, \u0130le\u015fitim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2015; Alice Odian Kasparian, \u201cThe 915 Massacres of the Armenian in the State of Angora, Turkey\u201d, Journal of Armenian Studies, 1992, IV, S. 1-2, s. 119-136; Ferda Balancar\u2019\u0131n r\u00f6portaj\u0131, \u201cSoyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 unsuru olarak yang\u0131n\u201d, http:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/tr\/yazi\/10657\/soykirimin-tamamlayici-unsuru-olarak-yangin<\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.radikal.com.tr\/yazarlar\/ayse_hur\/resmi_tarihin_yazmadigi_1916_ankara_yangini-1374274<\/i><\/b><\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ay\u015fe H\u00fcr Ankara’da yang\u0131n 13 Eyl\u00fcl 1916 g\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, Refik Halit Karay’a g\u00f6re iki gece\/bir g\u00fcn, ba\u015fka kaynaklara g\u00f6re \u00fc\u00e7 gece\/iki g\u00fcn s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. 21 Eyl\u00fcl 1916 tarihli bir rapora g\u00f6re yang\u0131nda 1030 hane, 935 d\u00fckkan, iki cami, alt\u0131 mescit, yedi kilise, \u00fc\u00e7 hastane, iki tevkifhane, bir polis karakolu, Reji ve \u0130TC Kul\u00fcp binalar\u0131 ile \u015fehrin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":35178,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32,1,70,20,53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35177","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ankara","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-tarih-sayfalari","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\nResmi tarihin yazmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 1916 Ankara Yang\u0131n\u0131 - 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