Bulgaristan\u2019daki Ermeni cemaatleri<\/b><\/p>\n
Sofya, Rus\u00e7uk, Plovdiv vb. Ermeni cemaatleri yeni d\u00f6nemde varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekteydi. Bulgaristan\u2019daki Ermeni cemaatlerinin durumu, XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren de\u011fi\u015fir. K\u0131r\u0131m sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra, Bat\u0131 Ermenileri kitleler halinde Bulgaristan\u2019a yerle\u015fir ve cemaatler bu sayede canl\u0131l\u0131k kazan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bulgaristanl\u0131 Ermenilerin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 zanaatlar, \u00f6zellikle de kuyumculuk, bak\u0131rc\u0131l\u0131k, dericilik ve dokumac\u0131l\u0131kla u\u011fra\u015fmakta, Bat\u0131 Avrupa, Rusya ve Yak\u0131ndo\u011fu \u00fclkeleriyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen ticarete kat\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Ermeni n\u00fcfusu XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fcr, y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda ise 30 bine ula\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bulgaristan, 1877-1878 Rus-Osmanl\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra Osmanl\u0131 boyunduru\u011fundan kurtularak, kendi kendine geli\u015fmeye ba\u015flar. Bu durum, Ermeni cemaatlerin de geli\u015fmesini sa\u011flar ve Ermeniler, \u00fclkede olu\u015fan kanuni haklar ve serbest\u00eeden faydalan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Balkan halklar\u0131n\u0131n 1912 y\u0131l\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011fu sava\u015fa Ermeniler de kat\u0131l\u0131r. Bulgaristan\u2019da bulunan halk kahraman\u0131 Andranik, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcler b\u00f6l\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle sava\u015fa kat\u0131l\u0131r. Garegin N\u0131jdeh de b\u00f6l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00fczenleme ve muharebe faaliyetlerini y\u00fcr\u00fctmekteydi.<\/p>\n
Bulgaristan Ermeni cemaati, kal\u0131c\u0131 Ermeni cemaatlerinden olup, say\u0131s\u0131 azalm\u0131\u015f olmakla birlikte g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\n
Macaristan\u2019daki Ermeni cemaatleri<\/b><\/p>\n
Macaristan\u2019\u0131n Transsilvanya b\u00f6lgesinde da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k bir halde bulunan Ermeniler, XVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda iki \u015fehirde toplan\u0131r. Bunlardan biri, 1700 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan Geola-Armenopolis, di\u011feri ise Ye\u011fisabetpolis\u2019ti. \u0130ki \u015fehir de kraliyet ferman\u0131yla saf Ermeni \u015fehirleri olarak kabul edilerek, ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar elde eder.<\/p>\n
Macaristan\u2019daki Ermeni toplumu b\u00fcy\u00fck olmay\u0131p, 15-20 bine ula\u015fmaktayd\u0131. Transsilvanya Ermenileri, anavatanlar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olup, a\u00e7lar ve 1890\u2019lardaki katliamlardan ka\u00e7abilenler i\u00e7in maddi yard\u0131m ula\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Macaristan Ermenileri, Macaristan\u2019\u0131n 1848-1849 y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki kurtulu\u015f-devrim hareketlerine kat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kurtulu\u015f ordusunun kumandanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda birka\u00e7 Ermeni general (Vilmo\u00e7 Lazar, Tsetsyan ve Erne Ki\u015fyan) bulunmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Macaristan Ermenileri, \u00f6zg\u00fcn k\u00fclt\u00fcr ya\u015fam\u0131na sahip olmu\u015f, XVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren \u00fclkede Ermeni okullar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, Ermeni elyazmalar\u0131 kopya edilmi\u015f ve yenileri kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Armenoloji y\u00f6nelimli olup, yabanc\u0131lara Ermeni tarihi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc tan\u0131tan, Macarca yay\u0131nlanan \u201cArmenia\u201d dergisi (1887-1907) \u00fcnl\u00fcyd\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Romanya Ermeni cemaatleri<\/b><\/p>\n
Romanya b\u00fcnyesindeki Moldova, Valakya ve di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerde eskiden beri var olan Ermeni cemaatleri zay\u0131flam\u0131\u015f olup, Ermenilerin say\u0131s\u0131 XVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda 7-8 bine varmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Moldova\u2019daki cemaat, belirli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde bir \u00f6zerkli\u011fe sahip olup, 5 ki\u015filik bir b\u00f6lge meclisi taraf\u0131ndan idare edilmekteydi.<\/p>\n
Moldova ve Valakya, XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131nda Romanya\u2019ya d\u00e2hil olur. Bu durum, Ermenilerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda olumlu \u015fartlar olu\u015fturur. Ermenilere toprak sahibi olma, asalet unvan\u0131 elde etme ve siyasi hayata kat\u0131lma imk\u00e2n\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r. Rus y\u00f6nelimi taraftar\u0131 olarak tan\u0131nan, diplomat Manuk Bey Mirzayan\u2019\u0131n faaliyetleri bu y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131na denk d\u00fc\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n
Ermeniler genelde B\u00fckre\u015f, Fok\u015fa, Ya\u015f vb. \u015fehirlerde ya\u015famay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekte, \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 zanaatk\u00e2r ve t\u00fcccarlardan olu\u015fmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Romanyal\u0131 Ermeniler de Ermenistan\u2019a ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermi\u015f, 1880 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ermenistan\u2019da ba\u015f g\u00f6steren a\u00e7l\u0131k zaman\u0131nda soyda\u015flar\u0131na yard\u0131m eli uzatm\u0131\u015f, 1895-1896 y\u0131llar\u0131 ile Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 zaman\u0131ndaki ka\u00e7aklara da ayn\u0131 deste\u011fi sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f, anavatana oldu\u011fu gibi, kendilerine s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f olan \u00fclkeye de hizmet etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Romanyal\u0131 bilim adam\u0131, akademisyen Nikola Yorga, \u201cRomanyal\u0131 Ermeniler, iki zor ve hassas g\u00f6revi, bir taraftan milli geleneklere ve hi\u00e7bir zaman unutmad\u0131klar\u0131 milli kimliklerini, di\u011fer taraftan ise atalar\u0131n\u0131n eski zamanlardan beri yerle\u015fmi\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00fclkeye y\u00f6nelik sadakatlerini b\u00fcy\u00fck bir beceriyle e\u015fle\u015ftirmeye muvaffak olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Onlar bizim karde\u015fimiz, samimi karde\u015fimiz, ayn\u0131 zamanda da kadim anavatanlar\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7kin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 olmu\u015flard\u0131r\u201d,- demektedir.<\/p>\n
Bu de\u011ferlendirme, di\u011fer \u00fclkelere s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan Ermeniler i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n
Bir\u00e7ok Romanyal\u0131 Ermeni, \u00fclkenin k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve bilim hayat\u0131na da aktif bir \u015fekilde kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve \u00fclkede \u00fcnlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda okullar, s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma evleri ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kurulu\u015flar a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
XX. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda gazeteler ve dergiler yay\u0131nlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Fransa\u2019daki Ermeni cemaatleri<\/b><\/p>\n
Orta\u00e7a\u011fdan beri \u015fekillenen Ermeni cemaatleri ve Ermeni-Frans\u0131z ili\u015fkileri, yeni d\u00f6nemde ivme kazan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ticaret, ekonomi hayat\u0131nda \u00f6zel bir yer tutar. G\u00fcney Fransa\u2019da, \u00f6zellikle de Marsilya\u2019da \u015firketler kuran Ermeni t\u00fcccarlar, Akdeniz ve Karadeniz\u2019de dola\u015fan gemilere sahipti.<\/p>\n
Bu \u00fclkedeki Ermeni cemaati k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir say\u0131 te\u015fkil etti\u011finden dolay\u0131, ancak 1902 y\u0131l\u0131nda Paris\u2019te bir kilise in\u015fa edilir.<\/p>\n
Fransa, daha ziyade Ermenilerin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn merkezi olarak tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hen\u00fcz 1811\u2019de, Paris\u2019te Armenoloji k\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. 1846 y\u0131l\u0131nda Paris\u2019te a\u00e7\u0131lan Muradyan Okulu, e\u011fitim-ayd\u0131nlanma alan\u0131nda ciddi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
1850\u2019li y\u0131llardan ba\u015flayarak Fransa\u2019daki ilk Ermenice s\u00fcreli yay\u0131nlar bas\u0131lmaya ba\u015flar (\u201cArevelk\u201d, \u201cArevmutk\u201d, \u201cParis\u201d). Daha sonraki y\u0131llarda \u201cArmenia\u201d, \u201cH\u0131n\u00e7ak\u201d vb. dergiler de yay\u0131nlan\u0131r. M. Portukalyan\u2019\u0131n \u201cArmenia\u201d gazetesi ve A. \u00c7obanyan\u2019\u0131n \u201cAnahit\u201d dergisinin rol\u00fc, bunlar i\u00e7inde \u00f6nemliydi.<\/p>\n
Farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerden gelip Paris, Marsilya ve Lyon\u2019daki e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6ren \u00f6\u011frenciler, Fransal\u0131 Ermeniler aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir y\u00fczde tutmaktayd\u0131. Fransa Ermenileri, daha sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc ve \u00f6nemli rol oynamaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u0130ngiltere\u2019deki Ermeni cemaati<\/b><\/p>\n
\u0130ngiltere, orta\u00e7a\u011fdan itibaren Ermeniler taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nmakla birlikte, ancak XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n 80\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131ndan itibaren bu \u00fclkede \u015fekillenmeye ba\u015flar. Konstantinopel\u2019deki Ermeni t\u00fcccarlar bu d\u00f6nemde \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye yerle\u015fip, Londra ve Manchester\u2019da yaz\u0131haneler kurmaya ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n
Ermeniler, ilk kiliselerini 1870 y\u0131l\u0131nda Manchester\u2019da kurar. Bu zamana kadar, yerel Ermeni cemaatinin i\u015flerini y\u00fcr\u00fctecek bir meclis kurmu\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n
XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 devletinde ba\u015f g\u00f6steren katliamlar ve g\u00f6\u00e7ler ile Soyk\u0131r\u0131m sonras\u0131 ka\u00e7aklar\u0131n ak\u0131m\u0131 sonucunda \u00fclkedeki Ermenilerin say\u0131s\u0131 artar.<\/p>\n
Ermenilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ayd\u0131nlar, zanaatk\u00e2rlar ve t\u00fcccarlardan olu\u015fmaktayd\u0131. Manchester, Liverpool ve Londra\u2019da yaz\u0131haneleri olan Ermeni t\u00fcccar, \u00f6zellikle Do\u011fu pazarlar\u0131yla ili\u015fki i\u00e7indeydi.<\/p>\n
Bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck cemaatler k\u00fclt\u00fcrel etkinliklerde bulunur. 1736 y\u0131l\u0131nda Londra\u2019da, Movses Khorenatsi\u2019nin \u201cErmeni Tarihi\u201d ile Anania \u015eirakatsi\u2019nin \u201cA\u015fkharatsuts\u201d haritas\u0131 yay\u0131nlan\u0131r.\u00a0 Berlin konferans\u0131nda Ermeni heyeti \u00fcyelerinden Minas \u00c7eraz, Londra\u2019da \u201cArmenia\u201d dergisini yay\u0131nlar.<\/p>\n
Bu dergide Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131 ile \u0130ngiltere vb. \u00fclkelerdeki Ermeni cemaatleriyle ilgili yaz\u0131lar yay\u0131nlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130ngiltere\u2019deki Ermeni cemaatleri XX. y\u00fczy\u0131lda g\u00fc\u00e7lenir.<\/p>\n
http:\/\/www.findarmenia.com\/arm\/history\/25\/527<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Bulgaristan\u2019daki Ermeni cemaatleri Sofya, Rus\u00e7uk, Plovdiv vb. Ermeni cemaatleri yeni d\u00f6nemde varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekteydi. Bulgaristan\u2019daki Ermeni cemaatlerinin durumu, XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren de\u011fi\u015fir. K\u0131r\u0131m sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra, Bat\u0131 Ermenileri kitleler halinde Bulgaristan\u2019a yerle\u015fir ve cemaatler bu sayede canl\u0131l\u0131k kazan\u0131r. Bulgaristanl\u0131 Ermenilerin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 zanaatlar, \u00f6zellikle de kuyumculuk, bak\u0131rc\u0131l\u0131k, dericilik ve dokumac\u0131l\u0131kla u\u011fra\u015fmakta, Bat\u0131 Avrupa, Rusya ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[65,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34766","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ermenilerin-tarihi","category-haberler"],"yoast_head":"\n