{"id":34580,"date":"2015-04-27T02:42:21","date_gmt":"2015-04-27T07:42:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=34580"},"modified":"2015-04-27T02:42:21","modified_gmt":"2015-04-27T07:42:21","slug":"ermeni-soykirimi-100-yila-sigar-mi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=34580","title":{"rendered":"Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 100 y\u0131la s\u0131\u011far m\u0131?"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/b><\/a>\"\u0551\u0565\u0572\u0561\u057d\u057a\u0561\u0576\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0575\u0561\u0576<\/a>Kaz\u0131m G\u00fcndo\u011fan<\/a>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Resmi tarihin problemli yaz\u0131m\u0131 tarihsel ve toplumsal meselelerin yanl\u0131\u015f ve eksik bilinmesine neden olmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla resmi tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 referans alarak \u00fcretilen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerin do\u011fru ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 olmas\u0131 ise beklenemez.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Resmi tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131, egemenlerin, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla faillerin yanl\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ve su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rtmede bir kara perde i\u015flevi g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Bu kara perde ile belli bir zaman diliminde hakikatlerin \u00fczerini \u00f6rtmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ancak hakikatlerin er ya da ge\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kma ve hesap sorma gibi bir niteli\u011fi vard\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sonsuza kadar gizli tutulmalar\u0131 ve yok say\u0131lmalar\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir…<\/p>\n

Tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131 ma\u011fdurlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan son derece zor ve problemli bir aland\u0131r. Zira ma\u011fdurlar \u00f6nce hayatta kalabilme,\u00a0 sonra kendini g\u00fcvene alma, sonra da kaybolmama s\u00fcreci ya\u015farlar. \u0130\u015fte bu son a\u015fama yani kaybolmama \u00e7abas\u0131, onlar\u0131, hakikatlerin pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015fmeye zorlar. Zaten, hakikatler de daima g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmay\u0131 bekler.<\/p>\n

Son y\u0131llarda hakikatlerin a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsenmeyecek bir yol al\u0131nd\u0131. Deyim yerindeyse, resmi tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yalanlar\u0131 hemen her konuda \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de\u015fifre oldu.<\/p>\n

Demokratik K\u00fcrt hareketinin m\u00fccadelesiyle K\u00fcrt sorunu, Hrant Dink ve Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fccadelesiyle Ermeni sorunu, Alevi toplumunun m\u00fccadelesiyle Alevi sorunu ve Dersim Katliam\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na dair s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen m\u00fccadeleyle \u201cDersim \u0130syan\u0131\u201dna dair resmi tarih tezi art\u0131k eskisi gibi savunulamaz durumda. Resmi tarih tezinin b\u00fct\u00fcn bu alanlardaki kara perdesi \u00f6nemli oranda araland\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u015eimdi b\u00fct\u00fcn bu alanlarda tarih yeniden yaz\u0131lacak. Bu \u00f6nemli. Ancak bundan daha da \u00f6nemli olan, bu yeni tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kimlerin yapaca\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Failler mi, ma\u011fdurlar m\u0131?<\/p>\n

Tarihsel ve toplumsal konularbir gece de, bir g\u00fcnde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmazlar. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131’n\u0131n sembol g\u00fcn\u00fc 24 Nisanda bir g\u00fcnle a\u00e7\u0131klanamayacak kadar kapsaml\u0131 bir anlam i\u00e7ermektedir. Yani \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131’n\u0131 ele al\u0131rken, gerek T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti\u2019nin, gerek \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti\u2019nin (\u0130TC) y\u00f6netti\u011fi devletin, gerekse Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun egemenli\u011fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmede ba\u015fvurduklar\u0131 politikalar\u0131n ve y\u00f6netme bi\u00e7imlerinin benzerli\u011fi ve devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle Ermeni (soy) k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n 100 y\u0131lla s\u0131n\u0131rlanmayaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesindeyim. Bu nedenle Ermeni\u00a0 (Soy)k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 100 Y\u0131la S\u0131\u011far m\u0131? sorusunu, yaz\u0131m\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapt\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Resmi tarih yaz\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 ve onlar\u0131n etkisindekiler, tarihsel ve toplumsal meseleleri anlat\u0131rken \u00e7o\u011funlukla egemen s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n \u201czor ayg\u0131t\u0131\u201d olan devletin niteli\u011fini ve rol\u00fcn\u00fc gizlemek i\u00e7in \u00f6zel \u00e7aba harcarlar. Sorunu ki\u015filerle a\u00e7\u0131klamaya veya sadece \u201co an\u201d ile s\u0131n\u0131rlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6yle bir yakla\u015f\u0131m meselenin \u00f6z\u00fcne do\u011fru sorgulama yapmay\u0131 daha ba\u015f\u0131ndan zorlar ve engeller. Bu bak\u0131mdan Ermeni soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ele al\u0131n\u0131rken \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131 geli\u015fmelerde devlet ayg\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flevi \u00fczerine bir kez daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekte yarar oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131nday\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131’da Ermeni sorunu<\/b><\/p>\n

Ulusla\u015fma \u00f6ncesi Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda ad\u0131 konulmam\u0131\u015f bir sorun vard\u0131: O da \u201cgayri-M\u00fcslim\u201d dolay\u0131s\u0131yla esas olarak H\u0131ristiyan ve K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f sorunuydu. Ad\u0131 konulmam\u0131\u015f da olsa \u201cH\u0131ristiyan sorunu\u201d olarak var olan bu sorun esas olarak 1878 Berlin Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019ndan sonra \u201cErmeni sorununa\u201d d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n

Hilafet\u00e7i Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimi, \u201cgayri M\u00fcslimleri\u201d ekonomik ku\u015fatma alt\u0131nda tutarak onlar\u0131n geli\u015fmesini engelliyordu. S\u00f6zgelimi cizye vergisiyle \u201cgayri M\u00fcslim\u201d n\u00fcfusu ekonomik, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sosyal ve siyasal olarak kontrol alt\u0131nda tuttu\u011fu y\u00f6ntemlerden biridir.<\/p>\n

Cizye vergisi nedeniyle yoksulla\u015fan, g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda kalan ve bu vergiden kurtulmak ama\u00e7l\u0131 toplu bi\u00e7imde ihtida (kad\u0131 huzurunda M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015fma) yoluyla M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015f(t\u0131r\u0131l)an H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n n\u00fcfusu hesaba katt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda Osmanl\u0131 da ad\u0131 konulmam\u0131\u015f bir \u201cErmeni sorunu\u201dnun ciddi olarak var oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Baz\u0131 \u0130slamc\u0131 veya Neo-Osmanl\u0131c\u0131 tarih yaz\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131, Osmanl\u0131\u2019da \u201cetnik\u201d veya \u201cdini sorun\u201d olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hatta son derece\u00a0 \u201cho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc\u201d bir y\u00f6netim oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde tezler ileri s\u00fcrerler. Ermeni dolay\u0131s\u0131yla H\u0131ristiyan, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla gayri M\u00fcslim, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f sorununu sadece bir ulus devlet sorunu olarak yans\u0131t\u0131rlar.\u00a0 Evet, ge\u00e7 ulusla\u015fman\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 Osmanl\u0131\u2019da \u201cetnik kimlik\u201d nedeniyle sorunlar\u0131n esas olarak Tanzimat\u2019tan(1839) itibaren olu\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir. Ancak \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131 \u0130slam olmayan b\u00fct\u00fcn dini ve inan\u00e7 topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrekli ve sistemli olarak bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda tutuldu\u011fu ve katliamlara u\u011frat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fi nas\u0131l yok say\u0131labilir ki?<\/p>\n

Berlin Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019yla \u201cErmeni Reform Plan\u0131\u201d kararlar\u0131n\u0131 sabote etmek i\u00e7in Abd\u00fclhamit y\u00f6netiminin giri\u015fti\u011fi yayg\u0131n Ermeni pogromlar\u0131 sonras\u0131 on binlerce Ermeni\u2019nin Kafkasya\u2019ya ka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu pogromlar s\u0131ras\u0131nda k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7tan kurtulman\u0131n yolu olarak M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015f(t\u0131r\u0131l)an Ermeni say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 80 bin ile100 bin ki\u015fi aras\u0131nda oldu\u011fu belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Konu hakk\u0131nda kapsaml\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 olan Hovsep Hayreni \u015funlar\u0131 yazmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u201cErmeni sorununun nihai \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc\u201d olarak 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7inde giri\u015filen soyk\u0131r\u0131m \u00f6ncesinde bu tasfiyenin do\u011fu genelindeki k\u0131sm\u0131 denemesi 1895\u201396 y\u0131llar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. Bunu daha sonra 1909 Adana katliam\u0131 izledi.\u201d[1]<\/a><\/p>\n

Bask\u0131lar 1894 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sason y\u00f6resinde Ermenileri ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131ya y\u00f6neltti. Ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131 kanl\u0131 bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Sultan Abd\u00fclhamit bununla yetinmedi, Sason ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stererek Orta ve Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019nun genelinde sald\u0131r\u0131lar ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131. 1895 son bahar\u0131ndan 1896 ilkbahar\u0131na kadar onlarca \u015fehir ve y\u00fczlerce kasabada ya\u011fma ve talana katliamlar e\u015flik etti. H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n inan\u00e7 merkezleri yak\u0131ld\u0131, y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir y\u0131k\u0131m ya\u015fad\u0131. Bu yap\u0131lanlar Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n iradesinin k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem olarak tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f olmaz.<\/p>\n

Selim Deringil, Abd\u00fclhamit d\u00f6neminde, Patrikhane\u2019nin rakamlar\u0131n\u0131 referans alarak 1894\u20131897 aras\u0131 katledilen Ermeni say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 300 bin civar\u0131nda oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019le Osmanl\u0131, sistemli bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015ft\u0131rma (S\u00fcnnile\u015ftirme) politikas\u0131 uygulad\u0131. gayri\u00a0M\u00fcslim n\u00fcfusun denetim alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi politikalar\u0131 \u015fiddet e\u015fli\u011finde icra edildi.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131\u2019da Ermeni Ulusla\u015fmas\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

Ulusla\u015fma kapitalistle\u015fmeyle paralel geli\u015fen bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. Ermeni ulusla\u015fmas\u0131 da 1880\u2019li y\u0131llarda bi\u00e7imlendi.\u00a0 Ermeni ulusla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ilk siyasi tav\u0131rlar\u0131ndan biri\u00a0 \u201cSason isyan\u0131\u201d (1894) oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nem de Osmanl\u0131\u2019da giderek T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fecek olan \u201cT\u00fcrk Milleti\u201d bilinci \u015fekillenmektedir.<\/p>\n

Ermeni ulusla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n daha erken olu\u015fuyor olmas\u0131nda sermaye birikiminin belirleyici bir rol\u00fc vard\u0131r. Ermenilerin tar\u0131m, zanaat ve ticaret alan\u0131nda belirleyici bir yeri olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra yaz\u0131l\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve e\u011fitimde etkin olmalar\u0131 da \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131\u2019da sermaye birikiminin esas olarak \u201cgayri-M\u00fcslim\u201d m\u00fclk sahipleri \u00fczerinden olu\u015ftu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck sermaye birikiminin kapitalist sermaye birikimine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi s\u00fcreci kendi do\u011fal seyriyle ilerlerken, bu sermaye birikimine sahip olamayan ancak \u015fiddet ayg\u0131t\u0131 olan devleti elinde bulunduran g\u00fc\u00e7ler (b\u00fcrokratik burjuvazi) bu sermayeyi ele ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in pek \u00e7ok politik hamle yaparlar. Yukar\u0131 da s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fim \u201ccizye vergisi\u201d bunlardan sadece biridir. Bir di\u011feri de politik \u015fiddettir. S\u00f6z gelimi Ermeni Ulusal m\u00fccadelesini bast\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00f6zel olarak kurulan paramiliter \u201cHamidiye Alaylar\u0131\u201d (1891) hem m\u00fclklerin (sermayenin) gasp\u0131, hem de siyasi geli\u015fimi engelleme misyonu y\u00fcklenmi\u015ftir.[3]<\/a><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 devleti bu alaylara \u201c\u0130stedi\u011finiz kadar Ermeni kesin, mallar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u011fmalay\u0131n, helaldir. Yeter ki bunu benim s\u00f6yledi\u011fim zaman yap\u0131n\u201d demi\u015ftir.\u00a0[4]<\/a><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131\u2019da Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019in \u201cErmeni Islahat\u0131\u201d[5]<\/a>\u00a0ve pogromlar\u0131 ile \u0130ttihat Terakki\u2019nin ve devam\u0131nda Cumhuriyetin esas olarak ayn\u0131 tekle\u015ftirici zihniyete sahip olduklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.\u00a0 Ana karakteri fetih\u00e7i, ya\u011fmac\u0131 ve ilhak etti\u011fi uluslar\u0131 haraca kesen bir gelene\u011fe sahip Osmanl\u0131\u2019da M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015ft\u0131rma, \u0130ttihat Terakki\u2019de T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme, Cumhuriyet\u2019te T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme ve \u0130slamla\u015ft\u0131rma politikalar\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 devlet akl\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. T\u00fcrk devlet gelene\u011finde kadrolar, iktidarlar ve politikalar de\u011fi\u015fse de, y\u00f6netme belle\u011finin devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z etmek yanl\u0131\u015f olmaz.<\/p>\n

Evet, Osmanl\u0131-Abd\u00fclhamit, \u0130ttihat Terakki ve sonrakiler gibi soyk\u0131r\u0131m uygulam\u0131yor. Ama bir \u0130slamla\u015ft\u0131rma politikas\u0131 uygulayarak Ermeni ve Rum orta s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman orta s\u0131n\u0131fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme politikalar\u0131n\u0131, ihtidaya e\u015flik eden pogromlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n

1915\u2019e Do\u011fru\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Ermeni soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131yla ilgili kapsaml\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 olan Taner Ak\u00e7am\u2019a[6]<\/a>g\u00f6re, Do\u011fu Anadolu \u00fczerindeki Ermeni ulusal talepleri 1870\u2019lerden beri Osmanl\u0131 Devleti i\u00e7in siyasi bir sorun olmu\u015ftu\u2026 Ermeni ulusal m\u00fccadelesinde iki siyasi hareket \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sosyal Demokrat H\u0131n\u00e7ak (1887) ile milliyet\u00e7i Ta\u015fnak Partisi (1889).<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131\u2019da ilk Ermeni isyan\u0131, 1870 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mara\u015f\u2019\u0131n Zeytun kazas\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen Zeytun \u0130syan\u0131d\u0131r. 1890 Erzurum, 1892\u20131893 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Kayseri, Yozgat, \u00c7orum ve Merzifon, 1894 Sason,1896 Van, 1903 ikinci Sason ve 1905 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ermeni militanlar\u0131n Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019e y\u00f6nelik silahl\u0131 eylem de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere pek \u00e7ok direni\u015f, isyan durumu ve katliam ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk Ulusla\u015fmas\u0131; Sermayenin Gasp Edilmesi<\/b><\/p>\n

1908 J\u00f6n T\u00fcrk d\u00f6neminde dinsel kutupla\u015fman\u0131n yerini art\u0131k ulusal kutupla\u015fma alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. H\u0131ristiyan toplumunu denetim alt\u0131nda tutma politikalar\u0131 Ermeni ulusunu yok etme ve sermayesine el koyma politikalar\u0131yla daha vah\u015fi bi\u00e7imde uygulanacakt\u0131. Bunun ilk provas\u0131 Adana\u2019da yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

1908\u2019de Anayasa ve me\u015frutiyetin ilan\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131ndaki b\u00fct\u00fcn halklar gibi Ermeni halk\u0131na da umut veren bir geli\u015fme oldu.<\/p>\n

H\u00fcrriyet, adalet, m\u00fcsavat (e\u015fitlik) \u015fiarlar\u0131 ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n dilindeydi. T\u0131pk\u0131 Frans\u0131z devriminin \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, e\u015fitlik, karde\u015flik sloganlar\u0131 gibi toplumun de\u011fi\u015fik kesimlerini etkiledi.\u00a0 \u00dclke yepyeni ve ilerici bir ruhla y\u00f6netilecek gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. Genel olarak Gayr\u0131-M\u00fcslimler, \u00f6zel olarak da Ermeniler bu s\u00fcre\u00e7ten \u00e7ok etkilendiler ve umutland\u0131lar. Ama \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden umutlar\u0131n yerini kayg\u0131lar almaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Zira J\u00f6n T\u00fcrk Hareketi, Osmanl\u0131 Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumakla birlikte T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam b\u00fcrokratik burjuvazini temsil ediyordu. Bu gen\u00e7 burjuvazi esas olarak;\u00a0 ticaret sermayesini k\u0131smen elinde bulunduran kesimlerden; asker ve b\u00fcrokratlardan olu\u015fuyordu. Sanayi, ticaret, banka sermeyesi ve tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ise esas olarak \u201cgayri M\u00fcslimlerin (Rum, Ermeni ve Yahudi) elindeydi.<\/p>\n

Nitekim \u00fczerinden bir y\u0131l ge\u00e7meden, Nisan 1909\u2019da,Adana ve \u00c7ukurova b\u00f6lgesi hedef al\u0131narak sistemli sald\u0131r\u0131larla b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131r\u0131ma u\u011frat\u0131ld\u0131. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 bin insan\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bu k\u0131r\u0131m ve talan hareketi eski Hilafet\u00e7i Osmanl\u0131 ba\u011fnazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar yeni y\u00fckselme yolundaki T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn de damgas\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yordu. T\u00fcrk-M\u00fcsl\u00fcman sermayesi yarar\u0131na gayri\u00a0M\u00fcslim unsurlar\u0131n tasfiyesi, toprak ve zenginliklerin el de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi \u0130ttihat ve Terakki y\u00f6netiminin ba\u015fl\u0131ca hedefleri aras\u0131ndayd\u0131. Zira ulus devlet in\u015fas\u0131 ancak sermaye birikimiyle m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilirdi. Bu, gayri\u00a0M\u00fcslimlerin elindeki sermayeye el konulmas\u0131 ve m\u00fclklerinin gasp edilmesi yoluyla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecekti.<\/p>\n

\u0130ttihat Terakki\u2019nin ilk denemesi ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. B\u00f6ylece, \u00c7ukurova gibi hem tar\u0131msal geli\u015fimin, hem sanayinin, hem de ticaretin merkezi olan bir zenginlik alan\u0131 el de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f oldu. El konulan m\u00fclkler ve sermaye ittihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti \u00fcyelerine pay edildi. Art\u0131k sadece T\u00fcrkl\u00fck \u00fclk\u00fcleri yoktu, ayn\u0131 zamanda ciddi bir sermayeleri de vard\u0131. B\u00f6ylece Adana katliam\u0131n\u0131 planlayan, uygulayan ve kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc m\u00fclk sahibi oldu, bu m\u00fclk\u00fc koruman\u0131n yeg\u00e2ne g\u00fcvencesi de \u0130TC \u00fcyesi olmakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Adana katliam\u0131 ve gasp\u0131ndan ba\u015far\u0131yla \u00e7\u0131kan \u0130TC g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc di\u011fer gayri M\u00fcslimlerin sermayelerine, mallar\u0131na ve canlar\u0131na dikti.<\/p>\n

1914-1922 Rumlar\u0131n Tehciri ve K\u0131r\u0131m\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

Bu d\u00f6nemde \u0130TC\u2019nin esas hedeflerinden biri de Rum halk\u0131yd\u0131. Rumlara y\u00f6nelik tehcir ve katliamlar Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fik zamanlarda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc. Ancak \u0130TC taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen tehcir ve asimilasyon Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131yla ba\u015fl\u0131yordu. Yorgo Demir\u2019den bir aktar\u0131mla konuyu detayland\u0131ral\u0131m;<\/p>\n

\u201cBalkan Sava\u015flar\u0131 sonras\u0131 kaybedilen Balkan topraklar\u0131ndan ka\u00e7an M\u00fcsl\u00fcman muhacirlerin Rumlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelere yerle\u015ftirilmesi ve Rum t\u00fcccarlardan mal al\u0131nmamas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen propagandalarla say\u0131s\u0131 y\u00fcz binlere varan Rum n\u00fcfus, bir bu\u00e7uk ay gibi k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

20 Mart 1922\u2019de \u0130ngiliz diplomat George W. Rendel T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de H\u0131ristiyanlara kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bu politikalar\u0131 bir muht\u0131rayla kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle yaz\u0131yordu: \u201830 Ekim 1918\u2019de T\u00fcrklerle yap\u0131lan ate\u015fkesten sonra az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n sava\u015f boyunca T\u00fcrkler taraf\u0131ndan kovulma s\u00fcreci ge\u00e7ici bir zaman i\u00e7in azalma g\u00f6stermi\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor… Bu kovulmalar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilirken, aralar\u0131nda orant\u0131sal olarak \u00e7ok az say\u0131da insan\u0131n kurtuldu\u011fu, 500.000\u2019in \u00fczerinde Rum\u2019un s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edildi\u011fi kabul edilmektedir\u2019.\u201d<\/p>\n

Hat\u0131ralar\u0131nda, 1913 ve 1916 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ABD\u2019nin Osmanl\u0131 Devleti B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi Henry Morgenthau, \u2018Her yerde Rumlar grup halinde toplat\u0131ld\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk jandarmalar\u0131n \u2018korumas\u0131\u2019 alt\u0131nda i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgesine, b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 yaya olarak, nakledildi. Ka\u00e7 ki\u015finin bu \u015fekilde nakledildi\u011fi kesin olarak bilinmemektedir, tahminler 200.000 ile 1.000.000 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir\u2019 diye yazd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Konu \u00fczerine bir\u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rma yaz\u0131s\u0131 yay\u0131nlayan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 yazar Tamer \u00c7ilingir de verdi\u011fi bilgilerde, Rumlar\u0131n 1914-1922 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Pontus b\u00f6lgesi haricinde \u0130stanbul ve G\u00fcney Marmara ile Ege, Akdeniz, \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu\u2019da Konya hatta Erzincan\u2019a varan b\u00f6lgelerden \u00f6l\u00fcm y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle tehcire maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7iziyor. \u00c7ilingir, \u201cSevkiyat\u201d diye bahsedilen s\u00fcrg\u00fcn Karadeniz\u2019de,1916 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Kas\u0131m ay\u0131 ortalar\u0131nda hayata ge\u00e7irildi.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Da\u011flara s\u0131\u011f\u0131nanlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, gidenlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu bir daha geri d\u00f6nemeyecekti.\u00a0 \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n onlara haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kader bununla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildi. Bu s\u00fcrg\u00fcnde var\u0131lacak yer \u00f6l\u00fcmd\u00fc… 50 km. g\u00fcneye \u00e7ekilmeleri karar\u0131 al\u0131nmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen kat edecekleri yol kimi zaman 200 km. olmu\u015ftu\u2019 diyor. \u00c7ilingir\u2019in uluslararas\u0131 ar\u015fiv ve belgelere dayand\u0131rarak 1922 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar \u00f6lenlerin say\u0131 ve b\u00f6lgelerine dair ortaya koydu\u011fu bilgiler \u015f\u00f6yle:<\/p>\n

\u201c134.078 Amasya-Samsun-Giresun, 27.216 Niksar, 38.434 Trabzon, 64.582 Tokat, 17.479 Ma\u00e7ka,21.448 \u015eebinkarahisar. 1923 y\u0131l\u0131 sonuna kadar b\u00fct\u00fcn Karadeniz\u2019de \u00f6l\u00fcm y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri ve m\u00fcbadele esnas\u0131nda katledilen 50 bin ki\u015fiyle birlikte toplam 353 bin Rum soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na u\u011frat\u0131ld\u0131.\u201d\u00a0[7]<\/a><\/p>\n

Yaln\u0131z Rumlar ve Ermeniler mi?<\/b><\/p>\n

Hilafet\u00e7i Osmanl\u0131\u2019da M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayanlar\u0131n ak\u0131beti ile \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 \u0130TC d\u00f6neminde T\u00fcrk olmayanlar\u0131n ak\u0131beti birbirine \u00e7ok benziyordu. 1914\u20131920 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Kuzey Mezopotamya ve k\u0131smen G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu\u2019daki Asuri n\u00fcfusu \u0130TC taraf\u0131ndan zorla g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirildi ve \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcler. Toplam \u00f6l\u00fc say\u0131s\u0131 270 bin ila 300 bin aras\u0131nda oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir. 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda Uluslararas\u0131 Soyk\u0131r\u0131m \u00c2limler Cemiyeti, 1914-1923 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda H\u0131ristiyan az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik harek\u00e2t\u0131n Ermeniler, Asur\u00eeler, Pontuslular ve Rumlara y\u00f6nelik soyk\u0131r\u0131m oldu\u011funu tespit etti.<\/p>\n

Ve 1915\u2026<\/b><\/p>\n

20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 olan 1915 Ermeni soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n birden fazla nedeni vard\u0131r.\u00a0 Birincisi; gayri M\u00fcslim burjuvazinin elindeki sermeyenin gasp edilerek, T\u00fcrk Ulus devleti in\u015fa etmek ve T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam burjuvazisi yaratmak iken, ikincisi; yakla\u015fmakta olan I. Payla\u015f\u0131m (D\u00fcnya) Sava\u015f\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131nda Do\u011fu\u2019da olas\u0131 bir Rus i\u015fgali s\u0131ras\u0131nda Ermenilerin ayaklanarak hem Ruslara destek olaca\u011f\u0131, hem de ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ilan edecekleri kayg\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131.Balkan sava\u015flar\u0131 sonras\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 devletinin elinde kalan topraklar \u00fczerindeki n\u00fcfusun T\u00fcrk-M\u00fcsl\u00fcman unsurlardan olu\u015fturulmas\u0131, devletin bekas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da \u00f6nem kazan\u0131yordu. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla T\u00fcrk Ulus devletin in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in Anadolu\u2019da Rum ve Ermeni ulusla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesi gerekiyordu.<\/p>\n

Bu iki esas nedenden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc 1915 soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u0130TC\u2019nin var olma sorunuydu. Yani ulus devlet in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in sermaye ve bu devletin korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u0131r\u0131m\u2026<\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda \u0130TC sadece bir ulusu ve onun \u00fc\u00e7 bin y\u0131ll\u0131k vatan\u0131n\u0131 fiziki olarak yok etmedi. Bir ekonomik birikimi, bir tarihi, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel birikimi, yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7 bin y\u0131ll\u0131k bir medeniyeti de yok etti. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015fta T\u00fcrk halk\u0131 olmak \u00fczere Anadolu halklar\u0131n\u0131n gelece\u011fi de karart\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

1915 soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131nda temkinli bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla s\u00f6ylesek bile en az 800 bin Ermeni \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Deringil\u2019in ifadesiyle \u201cAnadolu\u2019yu Gayr\u0131 M\u00fcslimle\u015ftirme\u201d[8]<\/a>\u00a0politikas\u0131 vah\u015fice uyguland\u0131. \u00c7ocuklara ve kad\u0131nlara el konuldu. Ermeni k\u0131z ve erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131\u201cevlatl\u0131k\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda T\u00fcrk ve \u0130slam kimli\u011fine nakledildi.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7ta; Ermeni vatan\u0131, halk\u0131, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, tarihi talan edildi ve Anadolu \u00e7\u00f6le \u00e7evrildi\u2026<\/p>\n

Cumhuriyet D\u00f6nemi<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0130TC, Osmanl\u0131 ile Cumhuriyeti birbirine ba\u011flayan bir k\u00f6pr\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u0130TC nas\u0131l ki Osmanl\u0131 devleti i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p onu yeni y\u00f6ntem ve ara\u00e7larla korumak istediyse, Cumhuriyet kadrolar\u0131 da \u0130TC i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve onun politikalar\u0131n\u0131 Cumhuriyet devletiyle kurumsalla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Daha kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 a\u015famas\u0131nda Mustafa Kemal Samsun\u2019a \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda K\u00fcrt a\u011falar\u0131na bir mektup yazar. \u201cBizi desteklemezseniz Ermeniler geri gelir mallar\u0131n\u0131 sizden al\u0131r\u201d diyor.[9]<\/a><\/p>\n

K\u00fcrt a\u011falar\u0131n\u0131n kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131nda yer almalar\u0131nda bu korkunun \u00f6nemli rol\u00fc oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Ancak bu korku sadece K\u00fcrt a\u011falar\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u011fil, Adana katliam\u0131na kat\u0131lan ve sonra \u0130TC \u00fcye ve kadrolar\u0131 olacak ki\u015filerde, 1915 s\u00fcrecinde aktif rol alm\u0131\u015f ve m\u00fclkiyetin gasp\u0131na kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f t\u00fcm kadrolarda vard\u0131. S\u00f6ylenebilir ki; T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti devletinin kurucu kadrolar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir kesimi 1915 soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na ya fiili olarak kat\u0131ld\u0131lar ya da sermaye gasp\u0131 nedeniyle zenginle\u015ftiler.<\/p>\n

Taner Ak\u00e7am devamla, \u201cZaten \u015fu anda 1915\u2019le y\u00fczle\u015fmekte ya\u015fanan zorluk da budur\u201d[10]<\/a>derken sadece d\u00fcne de\u011fil, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc duruma dair de bir belirleme yap\u0131yor. Ermeni d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve y\u00fczle\u015fme kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bu boyutta ki nedenine \u00a0g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir vurgu yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Buradan yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda Cumhuriyet kadrolar\u0131 1923 Lozan Anla\u015fmas\u0131’na kadar daha dolayl\u0131 ve manevralarla \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 \u00e7izgiyi savunur ve uygularken, Misak\u0131 Mill\u00eenin garanti alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131ndan sonra \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 karakterini a\u00e7\u0131ktan ku\u015fand\u0131 ve tekle\u015ftirme politikalar\u0131n\u0131 amans\u0131z bir \u015fekilde s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Soyk\u0131r\u0131mda de\u011fi\u015fik bi\u00e7imlerde sa\u011f kalm\u0131\u015f Ermenilerse, Cumhuriyet y\u00f6netimi taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015fl\u0131ca tehlike olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye devam edildi. Deringil bu d\u00f6nemi son derece \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bi\u00e7imde a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r;<\/p>\n

\u201cCumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde de Ermenilere ve b\u00fct\u00fcn gayr\u0131 M\u00fcslimlere y\u00f6nelik bir \u2018ikinci dalga\u2019 yok etme s\u00fcreci ya\u015fan\u0131yor. Bu yok etme, illa \u00f6ld\u00fcrerek de\u011fil, insanlar\u0131n hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekilmez hale getirerek, cehenneme \u00e7evirerek yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Ve sonunda insanlar yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7 ediyor. Ben yeni ke\u015ffettim. K\u00fcrt a\u015firetlerinin eleba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 Bat\u0131\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeye zorlayan 1934\u2019teki \u0130sk\u00e2n Kanunu, Ermenilere de uygulanm\u0131\u015f. Mesela Urfa, Diyarbak\u0131r, Sivas\u2019taki Ermenilere \u2018hadi siz de \u0130stanbul\u2019a, \u0130zmir\u2019e\u2019 deniyor.\u201d[11]<\/a><\/p>\n

Patrikhane kay\u0131tlar\u0131na g\u00f6re 1927 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ki Ermeni n\u00fcfus yakla\u015f\u0131k 300 bindir. Ancak ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 korku ve devam eden bask\u0131lar sonucu bir k\u0131sm\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015farak hayatta kalmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015f(t\u0131r\u0131l)mayanlar da g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeye mecbur b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Devlet akl\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan bu politikalar Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde \u201cvarl\u0131k vergisi\u201d, \u201c6-7 Eyl\u00fcl olaylar\u0131\u201d gibi sald\u0131r\u0131larla sistemli bi\u00e7iminde devam etti.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bu \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 ve gasp\u00e7\u0131 politikalar sonucu Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda sa\u011f kalabilmi\u015f 300 binErmeni\u2019den bug\u00fcn geriye sadece 60 bin civar\u0131nda Ermeni kalm\u0131\u015f.[12]<\/a><\/p>\n

1915’den 1938\u2019e Dersim ve Ermeniler<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n ve Kemalistlerin birbirini besleyen \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131, tek\u00e7i politikalar\u0131 nedeniyle Anadolu\u2019da neredeyse \u201cGayri M\u00fcslim\u201d kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Geride kalanlar\u0131n en yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerden biri Dersim\u2019di. Dersim K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f inanc\u0131 nedeniyle Osmanl\u0131 i\u00e7in, inan\u00e7 ve etnik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi nedeniyle de Cumhuriyet i\u00e7in kesilip at\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bir \u201c\u00e7\u0131ban\u201d olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. 1923 Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019yla s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvenceye alan T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti devleti, iktidar\u0131n\u0131 hangi ideolojik temeller \u00fczerine in\u015fa edece\u011fi ve hangi etnik unsurun egemen olaca\u011f\u0131 sorular\u0131na yan\u0131t ar\u0131yordu. \u00c7o\u011funlu\u011fu \u0130ttihat ve Terakki \u00fcyelerinden olu\u015fan kurucu kadrolar, 1924 Anayasas\u0131\u2019yla yasal \u00e7er\u00e7eveyi, 1925 \u015eark Islahat Plan\u0131\u2019yla da siyasal ve toplumsal ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 belirlediler.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fbakan \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc, bunu \u015f\u00f6yle form\u00fcle etmi\u015fti; \u201cVatan topra\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde ya\u015fayan herkesi T\u00fcrk ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc yapaca\u011f\u0131z. T\u00fcrk ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kabul etmeyenleri sistemli bi\u00e7imde kesip ataca\u011f\u0131z.\u201d[13]<\/a><\/p>\n

Dili T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, Dini \u0130slam ve \u0131rk\u0131 T\u00fcrk olarak belirlenen burjuva ulus devlet ideolojisine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olanlar kesilip at\u0131lacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

1914\u2019te Rumlar, 1915\u2019te Ermeniler tasfiye edilmi\u015f, m\u00fclklerine, sermayelerine el konmu\u015ftu. Sermaye T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc ve \u0130slamc\u0131 egemen s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n eline ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. Burjuva devlet, 1925\u2019ten itibaren K\u00fcrtlere y\u00f6neldi. 1925-1930 d\u00f6neminde pek \u00e7ok katliam yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bunlara ciddi direni\u015fler g\u00f6sterilse de, sonu\u00e7ta K\u00fcrt ulusal dinamikleri da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131. Dersim bu s\u00fcrecin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutularak sona b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Dersim daha k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir \u201csorun\u201ddu, uzun bir haz\u0131rl\u0131k ve plan gerekliydi. Ayr\u0131ca, \u201cDersim meselesi\u201dnde bir de \u201cDersimli Ermeniler meselesi\u201d vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Devletin Dersim Ermenilerini iki kategoride ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz: Alevile\u015fen Ermeniler ve H\u0131ristiyan Ermeniler. 1938\u2019de, Ermeni kimli\u011fi bilinse de, Nazimiye il\u00e7esinin Hakis, Derovan k\u00f6yleri, Mazgirt il\u00e7esinin Xozinke\u011f, Danaburan, Sorpiyan, \u015eorda, \u00c7uxur k\u00f6yleri ve Hozat il\u00e7esinin baz\u0131 k\u00f6yleri, Haydaran, Demenan ve ba\u015fka b\u00f6lgelerde baz\u0131 Ermeniler K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015flara tabi olmu\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Dersim Ermeni halk\u0131, 1937-38\u2019e kadar, kiliseleri, okullar\u0131 yok edilmesine ra\u011fmen 1915\u2019te devletin ula\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131, Halvori, Torut, Z\u0131mek, Ergan, Akrak, Sin, Tulik, Tanzik, Mameki, Merxo gibi b\u00f6lgelerde kendi inan\u00e7lar\u0131yla ya\u015famaktayd\u0131, ancak bu durum devleti son derece rahats\u0131z ediyordu. K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra H\u0131ristiyan ve Ermeni d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n boyutlar\u0131n\u0131, tan\u0131k anlat\u0131mlar\u0131ndan ve belgelerden \u00f6\u011freniyoruz. Sin b\u00f6lgesinde 1937-38 katliam\u0131ndan sa\u011f kalan bir tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u015fu ifadesi \u00e7ok \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r;<\/p>\n

\u201cK\u00f6y\u00fcm\u00fczde yakla\u015f\u0131k on hane Ermeni kom\u015fumuz vard\u0131. Bizi toplay\u0131p katletmeye g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcklerinde onlar\u0131 bizden ay\u0131r\u0131p bir dereye g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcler. B\u00fcy\u00fcklerimiz onlar\u0131 neden ay\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 sordular. Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131\u2018G\u00e2vur kan\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kan\u0131na kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u2019 dedi. Sonra onlar\u0131 da, bizi de k\u0131rd\u0131lar.\u201d[14]<\/a><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam sentezci Cumhuriyet kadrolar\u0131 yeri geldi\u011finde \u0130slam\u2019\u0131, yeri geldi\u011finde T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ustaca kulland\u0131. H\u0131ristiyanlar s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015flar\u0131 \u2018din karde\u015fli\u011fi\u2019 \u015femsiyesi alt\u0131na almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. Hozat Mutasarr\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n, Kocan A\u015fireti\u2019nin reisi \u0130brahim (\u0130dare) A\u011fa\u2019ya ve a\u015firet reislerine g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi resmi yaz\u0131, bunun \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00f6rne\u011fidir:<\/p>\n

Sayg\u0131de\u011fer Seyit A\u011fa ve A\u015firet Reisleri; ni\u00e7in kur\u015fundan ya da nikelden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ha\u00e7a inan\u0131r ve yan\u0131n\u0131zda bulunan 10 bin Ermeni\u2019yi h\u00fck\u00fcmete teslim etmekten ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z? Biz ve siz ayn\u0131 dine mensup olarak dostluk ve karde\u015flik i\u00e7inde hareket etmeliyiz.\u201d[15]<\/a>\u00a0 Pek \u00e7ok a\u015firet reisinin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir toplant\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r ve uzun tart\u0131\u015fmalardan sonra devletin talebi ret edilir. Ondan sonra hi\u00e7 kimse b\u00fcy\u00fck a\u011falar\u0131n yeminine kar\u015f\u0131 bir i\u015f yapmaya cesaret edemedi ve bir daha T\u00fcrklere Ermeni teslim edilmedi.[16]<\/a><\/p>\n

Bir ba\u015fka \u00f6rnek; \u201cSarkis Minasyan 1926-27 isyan\u0131nda [Kocan A\u015fireti Tedibi ] Dersimli K\u00fcrtlerle i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve onlara cephane sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131yla Akarak\u2019tan al\u0131n\u0131p \u00c7emi\u015fgezek\u2019e g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr, i\u015fkenceden ge\u00e7irilir ve tutuklan\u0131r. 1929 y\u0131l\u0131 sonu ya da 1930 ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u00c7emi\u015fgezek Polis M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Sarkis\u2019i \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r ve \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u2018Sarkis A\u011fa, Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa\u2019dan emir gelmi\u015f ki, F\u0131rat ve Murat nehirleri k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda ve ba\u015fka k\u00f6yler i\u00e7inde hi\u00e7bir Ermeni kalmas\u0131n. Hepsinin \u00c7emi\u015fgezek i\u00e7ine toplanmas\u0131 gerekiyor. B\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00f6ylerin Ermenilerini toplaman i\u00e7in sana \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn m\u00fchlet!\u2019… Yap\u0131lan uyar\u0131y\u0131 dikkate alarak Sarkis yeti\u015fkinleri toplar. G\u00f6\u00e7me y\u00f6n\u00fcnde karar verirler. Olan olmayana yard\u0131m ederek \u00f6nce \u0130stanbul\u2019a, oradan da Ermenistan\u2019a veya isteyen Halep\u2019e gitmek \u00fczere…\u201d[17]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130TC\u2019nin Ermeniler ve Dersimliler hassasiyeti ile TC Devletinin Dersimliler ve Ermeniler hassasiyetinin benzerli\u011fi ve bunun kesintisiz bi\u00e7imde devam ediyor olmas\u0131 \u00fczerinde ayr\u0131ca durulmas\u0131 gereken bir konudur. Yapaca\u011f\u0131m iki al\u0131nt\u0131yla bu benzerli\u011fe dikkat \u00e7ekmek isterim.<\/p>\n

\u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 (Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa sorumlusu) Kaymakam Cevdet\u2019in;\u00a0 \u201cErmeni Meselesi Hal Olunmu\u015ftur\u2019 adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda yer alan 2 Haziran 1915 tarihli telgrafta Dersimlilerin, Ermeniler ile dostane ili\u015fkiler i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funu ve binlerce Ermeni\u2019yi saklay\u0131p ve beslediklerini belirtiyor ve gerekli \u00f6nlemlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Mam\u00fcret\u00fclaziz (Harput) Valisinin fikrini soruyor.\u201d\u00a0[18]<\/a><\/p>\n

Dersim soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra General Abdullah Alpdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n Ki\u011f\u0131\u2019da s\u00f6yledikleri Cumhuriyet Devleti\u2019nin geride kalan Ermenilere bak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zetler niteliktedir.<\/p>\n

Cumhuriyet\u00e7i General Alpdo\u011fan: \u201cDaha \u00f6nce Tunceli\u2019ye yerle\u015fen gizli H\u0131ristiyan Ermeniler vard\u0131, bunlar adlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f ve sanki T\u00fcrk\u2019m\u00fc\u015f gibi ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Dersim \u0130syan\u0131nda bunlar\u0131n parma\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131, bunlar her t\u00fcrl\u00fc anar\u015finin, karga\u015fan\u0131n, pisli\u011fin i\u00e7indeydi.\u201d[19]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00c7ok yak\u0131n zamanda T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Yusuf Hala\u00e7o\u011flu da, \u201cAlevi K\u00fcrtler asl\u0131nda Ermenilerdir\u201d\u00a0 tezini genelle\u015ftirip ileri s\u00fcrerek \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 ve tek\u00e7i devlet zihniyetindeki s\u00fcreklili\u011fi bir kez daha g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne sermi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde Dersim, Ermeni, K\u00fcrt, Alevi tarihi \u00fczerine ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapan pek \u00e7ok ki\u015finin vard\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortak sonu\u00e7; 1915 Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131’nda Dersimlilerin Ermenileri korudu\u011fu ve Rusya\u2019ya ka\u00e7mas\u0131nda yard\u0131mc\u0131 olduklar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndedir. Bunun devam\u0131 olarak, \u201cDersimlilerin Ermenileri korumas\u0131 ve destek olmas\u0131\u201d 1937-38 soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n nedenlerinden biri oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcndedir. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn k\u0131smen do\u011fru oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekle birlikte eksik oldu\u011fu kanaatindeyim. Zira katliam s\u00fcrecinde Dersim\u2019de hala ciddi oranda bir Ermeni n\u00fcfus vard\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n da Alevilerle birlikte tasfiye edilmesi ama\u00e7lan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bu \u00f6rnekler ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler gerek \u0130TC, gerekse TC Devleti i\u00e7in, Dersim \u2018meselesi\u2019 i\u00e7inde, \u00f6zel bir H\u0131ristiyan Ermeniler \u2018meselesi\u2019 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131dan \u0130TC\u2019ye, oradan TC\u2019ye devam eden k\u0131r\u0131mlar; \u201cBenim atalar\u0131ma soyk\u0131r\u0131m yapt\u0131 dedirtemezsiniz\u201d savunma refleksi ayn\u0131 zihniyet zincirinin halkalar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu zincirin halkalar\u0131 da 100 y\u0131la s\u0131\u011fmaz\u2026<\/p>\n

[1]<\/i><\/a> Hovsep. Hayreni,\u00a0Ermeni K\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 ve Dersim,<\/i>http:\/\/www.oragora.com\/cgi\/forum1610.cgi<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n

[2]<\/i><\/a>\u00a0Selim Deringil Ne\u015fe D\u00fczel,\u00a0Taraf Gazetesi,\u00a0r\u00f6p. 30 Mart 2010.<\/i><\/p>\n

[3]<\/i><\/a>Hamidiye Alaylar\u0131n\u0131n K\u00fcrt A\u015firetlerinden olu\u015fuyor olmas\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu zaman bir yan\u0131lg\u0131ya neden olmaktad\u0131r. Mesele K\u00fcrtlerle Ermeniler aras\u0131nda bir sorun gibi g\u00f6sterilmektedir.\u00a0 Oysa sorun esas olarak bir devlet sorunuydu. Kimin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 meselesi \u00f6nemsiz de\u011fil ancak tali bir sorundur.<\/i><\/p>\n

[4]<\/i><\/a> Selim Deringil, Ne\u015fe D\u00fczel,\u00a0Taraf Gazetesi\u00a0r\u00f6p. 30 Mart 2010.<\/i><\/p>\n

[5]<\/i><\/a>\u00a0Her ne kadar \u201c\u0131slahat\u201d iyile\u015ftirme, reform anlam\u0131na geliyorsa da burada \u201c\u0131slah etmek\u201d anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/i><\/p>\n

[6]<\/i><\/a>\u00a0Taner Ak\u00e7am – Ne\u015fe D\u00fczel\u00a0Taraf Gazetesi, 14 Mart 2012<\/i><\/p>\n

[7]<\/i><\/a>Agos Gazetesi, 01.06. 2014.<\/i><\/p>\n

[8]<\/i><\/a>\u00a0Selim Deringil, Ne\u015fe D\u00fczel,\u00a0Taraf Gazetesi\u00a0r\u00f6p. 30 Mart 2010.<\/i><\/p>\n

[9]<\/i><\/a>\u00a0Taner Ak\u00e7am- Ne\u015fe D\u00fczel,\u00a0Taraf Gazetesi\u00a014 Mart 2012.<\/i><\/p>\n

[10]<\/i><\/a>\u00a0Taner Ak\u00e7am- Ne\u015fe D\u00fczel,\u00a0Taraf Gazetesi ayn\u0131 r\u00f6p.<\/i><\/p>\n

[11]<\/i><\/a>\u00a0Selim Deringil;\u00a0Ne\u015fe D\u00fczel, ayn\u0131 r\u00f6p.<\/i><\/p>\n

[12]<\/i><\/a>\u00a0Selim Deringil; Ne\u015fe D\u00fczel, ayn\u0131 r\u00f6p.<\/i><\/p>\n

[13]<\/i><\/a>\u00a0Vakit Gazetesi, 27 Nisan 1925<\/i><\/p>\n

[14]<\/i><\/a>\u00a0M\u00fclakat, Nezahat G\u00fcndo\u011fan ve Kaz\u0131m G\u00fcndo\u011fan,\u00a0Dersim, Temmuz 2008.<\/i><\/p>\n

[15]<\/i><\/a>\u00a0H. Kasparyan, a.g.e, s. 452-458. Aktaran H. Hayreni,\u00a0Ermeni K\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 ve Dersim,<\/i>http:\/\/www.oragora.com\/cgi<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n

[16]<\/i><\/a>\u00a0H. Hayreni, agy,<\/i><\/p>\n

[17]<\/i><\/a>H. Hayreni, a.g.y,\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n

[18]<\/i><\/a>\u00a0G\u00f6k\u00e7en B. Din\u00e7, “Dersimli Ermeniler”,\u00a0Akt\u00fcel Dergisi,\u00a0say\u0131 226.<\/i><\/p>\n

[19]<\/i><\/a>\u00a0G\u00f6k\u00e7en B. Din\u00e7 a.g.y. \u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.birikimdergisi.com\/guncel\/ermeni-soykirimi-100-yila-sigar-mi<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kaz\u0131m G\u00fcndo\u011fan\u00a0 Resmi tarihin problemli yaz\u0131m\u0131 tarihsel ve toplumsal meselelerin yanl\u0131\u015f ve eksik bilinmesine neden olmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla resmi tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 referans alarak \u00fcretilen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerin do\u011fru ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 olmas\u0131 ise beklenemez. Resmi tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131, egemenlerin, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla faillerin yanl\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ve su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rtmede bir kara perde i\u015flevi g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Bu kara perde ile belli bir zaman diliminde hakikatlerin \u00fczerini […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44,1,70,20,53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34580","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ermeni-soykirimi","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-tarih-sayfalari","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\nErmeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 100 y\u0131la s\u0131\u011far m\u0131? - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=34580\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 100 y\u0131la s\u0131\u011far m\u0131? - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kaz\u0131m G\u00fcndo\u011fan\u00a0 Resmi tarihin problemli yaz\u0131m\u0131 tarihsel ve toplumsal meselelerin yanl\u0131\u015f ve eksik bilinmesine neden olmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla resmi tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 referans alarak \u00fcretilen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerin do\u011fru ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 olmas\u0131 ise beklenemez. Resmi tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131, egemenlerin, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla faillerin yanl\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ve su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rtmede bir kara perde i\u015flevi g\u00f6r\u00fcr. 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