{"id":34367,"date":"2015-04-11T02:33:12","date_gmt":"2015-04-11T07:33:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=34367"},"modified":"2015-04-11T02:33:12","modified_gmt":"2015-04-11T07:33:12","slug":"106-yildonumunde-adana-katliaminin-ardindaki-gercekler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=34367","title":{"rendered":"106. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde Adana Katliam\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131ndaki ger\u00e7ekler"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Meltem<\/a>Emre Can Da\u011fl\u0131o\u011flu<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n

1909 Adana Katliam\u0131, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sonraki y\u0131llardaki kaderini sarsacak bir isyanla, 31 Mart Vakas\u0131\u2019yla ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcnler boyunca Adana\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7evresine de yay\u0131lan Ermenilere y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddet dalgas\u0131, ard\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck hasarlar b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 106 y\u0131l \u00f6nce bir 13 Nisan g\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u015flayan bu katliam\u0131, Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi Tarih B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nden Prof. Meltem Toks\u00f6z\u2019le konu\u015ftuk.<\/em> <\/b><\/p>\n

\u00c7ukurova 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonunda nas\u0131l bir yerdi?<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00c7ukurova\u2019n\u0131n tar\u0131ma dayal\u0131 bir zenginle\u015fme ya\u015famas\u0131 bu d\u00f6neme rastl\u0131yor. Mersin Liman\u0131, Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019de \u00f6nemli liman olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor bu d\u00f6nemde. 1880\u2019lerin sonunda Adana-Mersin demiryolunun yap\u0131m\u0131yla, Mersin Liman\u0131 ciddi \u00f6nem kazan\u0131yor ve neredeyse Beyrut\u2019la yar\u0131\u015f\u0131r hale geliyor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ticaret a\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok geni\u015fliyor. 1905\u2019te Adana da d\u00fcnyan\u0131n genelinde oldu\u011fu gibi b\u00fcy\u00fcme ya\u015fan\u0131yor. Pamuk fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckselmesiyle Mersin Liman\u0131, ihracat hacmi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Beyrut\u2019un bile \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Liman ve demiryolu ayaklar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ayak olarak g\u00f6\u00e7ebe halk, h\u0131zla yerle\u015fik hale ge\u00e7iyor bu d\u00f6nemde. Devletin 1860\u2019lardan beri izledi\u011fi isk\u00e2n politikas\u0131n\u0131n sonucunda ya\u015fan\u0131yor. Benim Yukar\u0131 Ova dedi\u011fim Ceyhan ve \u00e7evresinde de ihracata y\u00f6nelik tar\u0131m \u00fcretimi yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu da konar-g\u00f6\u00e7er n\u00fcfusun oraya yerle\u015fmesiyle ilgili. B\u00f6ylece \u00c7ukurova tam anlam\u0131yla b\u00fcy\u00fcyor ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7iftlikler kurulmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Buradan elde edilen b\u00fcy\u00fck gelir, tekrar topra\u011fa yat\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu da \u00c7ukurova\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7ehresini tamamen de\u011fi\u015ftiriyor.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7ehre de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finde Ermenilerin pay\u0131 nedir?<\/b><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 tarihinde maalesef m\u00fclkiyet \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak o kadar kolay de\u011fil. Bu y\u00fczden tam olarak bilemesek de bu ticari geli\u015fmede esas pay\u0131n gayrim\u00fcslimlerde, gayrim\u00fcslimler aras\u0131nda da Ermenilerde oldu\u011fu 1890\u2019larla birlikte ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Fakat ezici bir \u00e7o\u011funluktan bahsetmiyorum. Her zaman M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar da var bu geli\u015fmenin i\u00e7erisinde. Ancak Osmanl\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekteki toprak sahiplerinin bir\u00e7o\u011funun Ermeniler oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebilirim. Fakat \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir co\u011frafyadan bahsediyoruz. Ermenilerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Ova dedi\u011fim Ha\u00e7in ve Feke\u2019de daha netken, ova genelinde o kadar net de\u011fil. Ayr\u0131ca pamu\u011fun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bah\u00e7ecili\u011fin de ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde geli\u015fti\u011fini ve o alan\u0131n da \u00e7o\u011funun gayrim\u00fcslimlere ait oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n

II. Me\u015frutiyet\u2019in getirdi\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fim nas\u0131l kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131yor Adana\u2019da?<\/b><\/p>\n

M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar taraf\u0131ndan tedirginlikle kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131yor. Cemiyet-i Muhammediye, bu anlamda \u00f6nemli bir bile\u015fen. Fakat bu tedirginli\u011fi de \u00e7ok abartmak istemiyorum, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc genelin tedirgin oldu\u011funa dair bir g\u00f6sterge yok elimizde. 1908, genelde sokaklardaki co\u015fkuyla resmedilir. Bunun Adana ve Mersin\u2019de kent merkezlerinde ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve sadece gayrim\u00fcslimlerin bu co\u015fkuyu ya\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek gerekir. Fakat yine de 1908 Temmuzu\u2019ndan 31 Mart Vakas\u0131\u2019na kadar ge\u00e7en d\u00f6nem, zaten sorunlu bir zaman dilimi. \u00c7ukurova i\u00e7in de b\u00f6yleydi diyebiliriz. \u0130ktisadi a\u00e7\u0131dan da 1908, b\u00f6lgede \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir de\u011fi\u015fime yol a\u00e7m\u0131yor. Bu y\u00fczden, b\u00f6yle bir de\u011fi\u015fimin getirebilece\u011fi sosyal bir patlamadan bahsetmek i\u00e7in de hen\u00fcz erken.<\/p>\n

1909 Nisan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6ncesindeki Adana\u2019da b\u00f6yle bir etnik \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilece\u011fi bir ortam var m\u0131?<\/b><\/p>\n

Bunun izini \u00e7ok s\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m, fakat b\u00f6ylesi katliam\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rebilece\u011fimiz bir ortam yoksa da \u00f6ncesinde yaz\u0131lanlara bak\u0131nca havada bir \u015feyler oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Ancak b\u00f6yle bir plan\u0131 net olarak g\u00f6rebilmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. 1908\u2019in yaz\u0131 itibar\u0131yla \u015fehirde atmosfer ciddi anlamda y\u00fckseliyor. Ermenilerin devrim co\u015fkusu, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 rahats\u0131z ediyor. Bu co\u015fkuyu Ermenilerin kendilerine \u00e7ok fazla g\u00fcvenmesi olarak yorumluyorlar. Mart ay\u0131nda Cemiyet-i Muhammediye\u2019nin -31 Mart Vakas\u0131\u2019ndan hemen \u00f6nce Volkan gazetesi etraf\u0131nda toplanan \u0130ttihad-\u0131 Muhammediye cemiyetinin bir di\u011fer ad\u0131- yeni kuruldu\u011fu i\u00e7in Adana\u2019da \u015fube kurulmas\u0131 \u00fczerine toplant\u0131lar\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131yor ve k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar var orada. Bu katliam\u0131, daha \u00e7ok 1908 atmosferi i\u00e7inde de\u011ferlendirmek gerekiyor. Katliam planlar\u0131n\u0131n izine bile ancak Nisan ay\u0131ndan birka\u00e7 hafta \u00f6ncesinde rastl\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

1894-96 Ermeni katliamlar\u0131, arkas\u0131ndan 1909 Adana Katliam\u0131 ve sonunda 1915 Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde, Ermenilere y\u00f6nelik s\u00fcrekli y\u00fckselen bir \u015fiddet dalgas\u0131ndan bahsedebilir miyiz?<\/b><\/p>\n

\u015eiddet a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131nca bu soruya evet diyebilirim. Ancak \u015funu ay\u0131rmak gerekir, 1909 Adana Katliam\u0131, daha \u00e7ok 1894-96 katliamlar\u0131na benzer. 1908\u2019deki Me\u015frutiyet Devrimi\u2019nden sonra ya\u015fanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen b\u00f6yledir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc 1909 y\u0131l\u0131, devrimin sanc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n halen ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir y\u0131l. Ancak y\u00f6resel \u00f6zellikler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan incelendi\u011finde, 1915\u2019ten ayr\u0131l\u0131r elbette ki.<\/p>\n

Katliam, 31 Mart Vakas\u0131\u2019yla ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn ba\u015fl\u0131yor. \u0130stanbul\u2019da eski rejimi isteyenlerin isyan\u0131n\u0131n Adana\u2019ya yans\u0131mas\u0131 diyebilir miyiz katliam i\u00e7in?<\/b><\/p>\n

Evet, b\u00f6yle dememiz daha do\u011fru. Ancak katliam\u0131n 31 Mart\u2019la ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn ba\u015flamas\u0131 tesad\u00fcft\u00fcr demek de, tesad\u00fcf de\u011fildir demek de o kadar kolay de\u011fil. Bu iki olay\u0131n birbirinden habersiz oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek zor. Fakat tersini s\u00f6ylemek de zor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Adana ile \u0130stanbul aras\u0131nda net bir haberle\u015fmeyi g\u00f6remiyoruz. \u00c7ok daha yerel bir olay diyebilirim, ancak yine de net bir \u015fey s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil elimizdeki verilerle. Adana\u2019da Ekim ay\u0131ndaki Ramazan Bayram\u0131\u2019ndan bu yana t\u0131rmanan atmosferi de hesaba katt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, Adana\u2019da 13 Nisan g\u00fcn\u00fc toplanan ve bu i\u015fi yapmaya niyetli kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n Adana \u00f6zelinde \u00f6rg\u00fctlendi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebiliriz. Fakat o s\u0131rada, \u0130stanbul\u2019dan gelen isyan haberi, son damla oluyor san\u0131r\u0131m. Ancak 31 Mart Vakas\u0131 olmasayd\u0131, b\u00f6yle sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 olmayabilirdi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Adana Valisi Cevat Bey\u2019in bu kadar kifayetsiz kalmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi, \u0130stanbul\u2019da o anki otorite bo\u015flu\u011fu. \u0130stanbul\u2019dan haber alamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in vali kendini \u00e7ekiyor ve t\u00fcm i\u015fleri feri\u011fe b\u0131rak\u0131yor. Bu y\u00fczden de bu ayaklanma askerile\u015fiyor. D\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelen taburlar Adana\u2019da rahatl\u0131kla silah da\u011f\u0131t\u0131yor ve Ermenilere y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddete destek oluyorlar. Fakat Vali \u0130stanbul\u2019dan haber alabilseydi, bu ayaklanma daha sivil kalacakt\u0131 belki de. \u015eiddeti daha az olacak olsa da, bu katliam 31 Mart Vakas\u0131 olmasayd\u0131 da, bence ya\u015fanacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

13 Nisan g\u00fcn\u00fc Adana\u2019da tam olarak ne oluyor?<\/b><\/p>\n

13 Nisan, 1909\u2019da Sal\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcne denk geliyor. O g\u00fcn Adana\u2019da t\u00fcm \u00fcr\u00fcnler i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck pazarlar kuruluyor. Yani b\u00f6lgenin t\u00fcm al\u0131c\u0131 ve sat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 \u015fehirde o g\u00fcn. Kervan kervan ve ak\u0131n ak\u0131n gelen insandan bahsediyorum. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, 11 Nisan Ermenilerin Paskalya Yortusu. Pazartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar kapal\u0131 olsa da Sal\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fc pazarlar\u0131n da olmas\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc Ermeniler \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131daki d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131yorlar. Ayr\u0131ca ilkbahar\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131, \u00c7ukurova\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7apa mevsimi oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, \u015fehirde \u00e7ok say\u0131da g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7i var. Bir de b\u00f6lgedeki misyonerlerin y\u0131ll\u0131k toplant\u0131lar\u0131 da tam o d\u00f6neme denk geliyor. Hatta o sene 50. y\u0131l toplant\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in neredeyse Anadolu\u2019daki t\u00fcm misyonerler Adana\u2019da. Bu anlamda, \u015fehirde var olan kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n her zamanki kalabal\u0131k oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor ba\u015fta. Ancak kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde da\u011f\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcnce, ba\u015fka bir \u015feyler oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc al\u0131m-sat\u0131m sekteye u\u011fruyor. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar\u0131 tebe\u015firle i\u015faretleniyor. Ya\u011fmalanmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lsa da pek i\u015fe yaram\u0131yor. Kalabal\u0131k g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde giderek hareketleniyor. Sopalar ve t\u00fcfekler ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. \u015eehirdeki \u0130ngiliz Konsolos Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Doughty-Wylie \u00f6nemli bir tan\u0131kl\u0131k aktar\u0131yor, \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131\u2019da dola\u015f\u0131rken bu gerginli\u011fi net bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. O s\u0131rada \u0130stanbul\u2019dan haber geliyor 31 Mart Vakas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair. Ak\u015fama do\u011fru gerginlik \u00e7ok artm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131 ki, Doughty-Wylie, yabanc\u0131 misyonerler ve Ermeni ruhanilerle birlikte H\u00fck\u00fcmet Kona\u011f\u0131\u2019na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p bu ahalinin da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istiyor. Doughty-Wylie, \u201cVali\u2019nin bir \u015fey yapmas\u0131n\u0131 bekledik ama bir \u015fey yapmay\u0131nca \u00e7areyi ona gitmekte bulduk\u201d diye yaz\u0131yor. Vali, onlar\u0131 bir \u015fekilde teskin ediyor. Bu s\u0131rada, Vali\u2019nin \u0130stanbul\u2019a telgraf \u00e7ekti\u011fine dair baz\u0131 belirtiler var ama ben, o telgraflar\u0131 tespit edemedim. Telgrafta cevap olarak da, \u2018Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131 koruyun\u2019 c\u00fcmlesinin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Olaylar esasen 14 Nisan\u2019da m\u0131 patl\u0131yor?<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00c7ar\u015famba g\u00fcn\u00fc kalabal\u0131k yine da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131yor. Ayn\u0131 heyet, yine H\u00fck\u00fcmet Kona\u011f\u0131\u2019na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Bu kez Vali, elli ki\u015filik bir taburla feri\u011fi g\u00f6revlendiriyor. \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131y\u0131 tefti\u015fe \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131 anda silah sesleri gelmeye ba\u015fl\u0131yor. \u0130lk silah, \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131\u2019daki Ya\u011f Camii\u2019nden geliyor. Silahlar at\u0131lmaya ba\u015flay\u0131nca ferik, r\u00fctbesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir subay\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131p H\u00fck\u00fcmet Kona\u011f\u0131\u2019na geri d\u00f6n\u00fcyor. Bu, ne yapacaksan\u0131z yap\u0131n anlam\u0131na geliyor. Doughty-Wylie ve yan\u0131ndaki misyonerler de yaralan\u0131yorlar. Hatta bir misyoner hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybediyor. Kimsenin ka\u00e7mas\u0131na f\u0131rsat verilmeden \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n biti\u015fi\u011findeki Ermeni mahallesine sald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00d6\u011flene kadar \u015fiddet iyice t\u0131rman\u0131yor. Ya\u011fma ba\u015fl\u0131yor, Ermeni okullar\u0131 ve kiliseleri yak\u0131l\u0131yor. Per\u015fembe g\u00fcn\u00fc, Vali \u0130stanbul\u2019a telgraf \u00e7ekiyor ve \u201cB\u00f6lge bir ihtilal i\u00e7indedir, yard\u0131m edin\u201d diyor. Osmaniye\u2019den de tabur \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. Yani m\u00fcdahale i\u00e7in askeri birlik toplanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lsa da gelen yard\u0131m \u00e7ok d\u00fczensiz. Gelen taburlar bile bir s\u00fcre sonra sald\u0131ran ahaliye kar\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Adana \u00e7evresinde neler ya\u015fan\u0131yor?<\/b><\/p>\n

Cuma g\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131k olaylar, Tarsus\u2019a,\u00a0 Sis\u2019e, Misis\u2019e ve Cebel-i Bereket sanca\u011f\u0131na s\u0131\u00e7r\u0131yor. \u00c7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde, \u00f6nlerinde hi\u00e7bir engel olmadan oradaki Ermenilere sald\u0131r\u0131yorlar. Bu s\u0131\u00e7ramada bir anlam daha var, kent merkezli bir olayken bu s\u0131\u00e7ramalarla k\u0131rsal alana da ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve \u00e7iftliklere de sald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f demek. 16-26 Nisan aras\u0131nda aral\u0131ks\u0131z devam etti\u011fi di\u011fer bir y\u00f6re de Cebel-i Bereket sanca\u011f\u0131, ki en \u00e7ok kay\u0131p burada oluyor.<\/p>\n

Katliamlar ne zaman sona eriyor?<\/b><\/p>\n

Adana\u2019da 14\u2019\u00fcnde ba\u015flay\u0131p 17\u2019sinde ilk dalga \u015fiddet bitiyor. Daha sonra tekrar ba\u015fl\u0131yor ve 27 Nisan\u2019da bitiyor. 24 Nisan\u2019\u0131 25\u2019ine ba\u011flayan gece, Cebel-i Bereket sanca\u011f\u0131ndaki katliam \u00e7ok \u015fiddetlendi\u011finde, Rumeli\u2019den gelen askerler Adana\u2019ya giriyor.\u00a0 Bu askerler arkalar\u0131nda yerel askerler ve ahali, Abkaryan mektebine ilerlerler ve Adana\u2019da sald\u0131r\u0131 bir gece daha devam eder.<\/p>\n

Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmadan m\u0131 bahsediyoruz, yoksa Ermenilere y\u00f6nelik bir katliamdan m\u0131 bahsediyoruz?<\/b><\/p>\n

Ermenilerin silaha sar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 olaylar son derece az. Okudu\u011fum kaynaklar da b\u00f6yle bir durum neredeyse anlat\u0131lm\u0131yor. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 beni \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtmazd\u0131 asl\u0131nda. Ancak Ermeniler ger\u00e7ekten gafil avlan\u0131yorlar. \u015e\u00f6yle bir durum da var, Ermeni n\u00fcfusun yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu Ha\u00e7in ve Feke\u2019de herhangi bir sald\u0131r\u0131 ya\u015fanm\u0131yor. Sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n Adana\u2019n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ta\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 17\u2019sinde, burada ya\u015fayan Ermeniler zaten Adana\u2019da neler ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyorlar. Bir yandan haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131lar, bir yandan da m\u00fcft\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan korunuyorlar. Sald\u0131r\u0131 ya\u015fansa, b\u00fcy\u00fck ihtimalle kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vereceklerdi. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n bunu bildikleri i\u00e7in o b\u00f6lgelerde bir \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme yapmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebiliriz. Zaten i\u015fin sonundaki \u00f6l\u00fc ve hasar istatistiklerine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda da, bunun kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anl\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

Katliamlar\u0131n sonunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan kay\u0131p say\u0131s\u0131 nedir?<\/b><\/p>\n

Buna y\u00f6nelik say\u0131lar \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli. Nisan sonunda Cevat Bey\u2019in yerine atan yeni Vali Zihni Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahkikat sonucunda \u00f6l\u00fc say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 1.900 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve 1.500 H\u0131ristiyan olarak verir. Asl\u0131nda hasarlar\u0131n say\u0131m\u0131 anlam\u0131nda \u00e7ok iyi bir tahkikat ama \u00f6l\u00fc say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck g\u00f6steriyor. \u00d6l\u00fc say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 30 bin olarak veren \u00e7ok kaynak var. Bana g\u00f6re de \u00f6l\u00fc say\u0131s\u0131 30 ile 35 bin aras\u0131nda. Ayr\u0131ca Tekirda\u011f Mebusu Hagop Babikian\u2019\u0131n daha sonra Takvim-i Vekayi\u2019ye verdi\u011fi m\u00fclakattan \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fimize g\u00f6re, \u00c7ukurova\u2019n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te ikisinin zarara u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor Zihni Pa\u015fa. Bu say\u0131 da \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc 1909 sonras\u0131ndaki iktisadi tabloya bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, 1908 de\u011ferlerinin yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. B\u00f6yle bir y\u0131k\u0131mdan sonra b\u00f6yle bir verinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Osmanl\u0131 Bankas\u0131 da 5 milyonluk bir hasardan bahsediyor. Bu hasar\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi de \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli. 24 kilise, 16 okul, 2323 ev, 24 han, 3 otel, 2 fabrika, 1429 ba\u011f evi, 253 \u00e7iftlik, 523 d\u00fckk\u00e2n ve 23 de\u011firmen tamamen y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Yerel y\u00f6neticilerin bu i\u015fte pay\u0131 nedir?<\/b><\/p>\n

Katliam\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131ndan birisi Ba\u011fdadizade Abd\u00fclkadir, Vali\u2019nin \u00e7ok yak\u0131n arkada\u015f\u0131. Anti-Ermeni s\u00f6ylemleri en fazla kullananlardan biri. Cemiyet-i Muhammediye\u2019de de \u00f6nemli bir n\u00fcfuzu var. Merkez Polis Komiseri Zor Ali, asl\u0131nda 1908\u2019de Adana\u2019dan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ama karar uygulanmam\u0131\u015f. Ferik Mustafa Remzi Pa\u015fa, 1895-1896\u2019da Mara\u015f kumandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kolluk kuvvetlerinin sicilleri Ermeni kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131nda pek parlak de\u011fil. Kolluk kuvvetlerinin sald\u0131rgana d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesinde veya sald\u0131rganlara bir \u015fey yapmamas\u0131nda bunun \u00e7ok etkisi var. Vali Cevat Bey\u2019in kifayetsizli\u011fi de, sadece \u0130stanbul\u2019dan haber gelmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in pasif kalmas\u0131yla de\u011ferlendirilemez. Kendisinin \u015fehrin M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ileri gelenleriyle iyi ili\u015fkileri var. Bu ileri gelenlerin telkiniyle \u015fiddetin t\u0131rmanmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rse de, bir \u015fey yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Cebel-i Bereket Mutasarr\u0131f\u0131 Mehmet Asaf Bey\u2019in de katk\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok net. Payas Cezaevi\u2019ndeki mahk\u00fbmlar\u0131 sal\u0131vermesi \u00f6rne\u011fin sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 artt\u0131ran \u00f6nemli etkenlerden. En son kurulan Divan-\u0131 Harp taraf\u0131ndan da su\u00e7lu bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

Olay sonras\u0131ndaki yarg\u0131lamalardan nas\u0131l bir sonu\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor?<\/b><\/p>\n

Olaylar sonras\u0131nda en ba\u015fta gelen su\u00e7lama, cinayet elbette ki. Sonra ya\u011fmalama ve yang\u0131n geliyor. K\u0131rsala ge\u00e7ti\u011fimizde tecav\u00fcz, zorla din de\u011fi\u015ftirme ve para kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 koruma teklif etme var. Bu su\u00e7 yelpazesi zaten h\u0131nc\u0131n d\u00fczeyini g\u00f6steriyor. Ceza alan Ermeniler var, fakat idam edilen Ermeniler yok diye hat\u0131rl\u0131yorum Bu noktada, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n da idam edilip edilmedi\u011finden emin de\u011filim. Verilen idam cezalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Ekim 1910\u2019a kadar verilen t\u00fcm cezalar\u0131n k\u00fcrek cezas\u0131na \u00e7evrildi\u011fini ar\u015fivden takip edebildim. \u0130damlar\u0131n ne zaman ve nerede ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair net bir bilgi yok. Cemal Pa\u015fa, 47 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u2019\u0131 bizzat ben idam ettim dese de bir valinin kendi kendine idam cezas\u0131 verebilmesi de pek olas\u0131 de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

\u2018\u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n parma\u011f\u0131 var demek, onlara fazla rol bi\u00e7mek demek\u2019<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti\u2019nin (\u0130TC) bu katliamda parma\u011f\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 bir konu. Siz bu konuda ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz?<\/b><\/p>\n

1908 Devrimi\u2019nden sonra \u0130TC\u2019nin devleti ele ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenemez. 1908, bunu s\u00f6ylemek i\u00e7in \u00e7ok erken bir tarih. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u0130TC\u2019nin bu i\u015fte parma\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funu, hatta bu katliam\u0131n onlar\u0131n komplosu oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek, bana \u0130TC\u2019ye \u00e7ok fazla rol bi\u00e7mek gibi geliyor. \u0130TC\u2019nin de\u011fil Adana\u2019da, \u0130stanbul\u2019da bile g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesi i\u00e7in daha \u00e7ok zaman ge\u00e7mesi gerekecek. Fakat \u0130TC\u2019nin yerelde nas\u0131l i\u015fledi\u011fini bilmedi\u011fimizi ekleyeyim. Devrim sonras\u0131nda yerelde, yoksa \u015fubeleri kuruluyor, varsa da hemen canlan\u0131yor. Ama o \u015fubenin merkezle ne kadar ili\u015fkide oldu\u011funu kestirmek \u00e7ok zor. Ancak \u0130TC\u2019nin Adana\u2019daki durumu ihmal etti\u011fini, bu durumla pek ilgilenmedi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u20181910\u2019a bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda 1909\u2019daki y\u0131k\u0131m hi\u00e7 ya\u015fanmam\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor\u2019<\/b><\/p>\n

Adana i\u00e7in 1910 nas\u0131l bir y\u0131l?<\/b><\/p>\n

A\u011fustos\u2019ta Cemal Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n vali olmas\u0131ndan sonra, kredilerle para toplay\u0131p d\u00f6rt ayda Ermeniler i\u00e7in yeni bir mahalle in\u015fa ettiriyor. Bu kadar k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in de bu mahallenin ad\u0131 \u00c7ar\u00e7abuk. 1910\u2019a bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda da sanki b\u00f6yle bir y\u0131k\u0131m ya\u015fanmam\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. 1914\u2019e kadarki iktisadi verilere bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda da, d\u00fcnya endeksinde a\u00e7\u0131klayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir de\u011fi\u015fim yok. Nas\u0131l b\u00f6yle \u00e7abuk toparlan\u0131ld\u0131? Bunu \u00e7ok iyi cevaplayam\u0131yorum. Baz\u0131 Ermeniler, bunu Do\u011fu vilayetlerindeki Ermenilerin \u00f6nemli yard\u0131mlar\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n

\u2018Vatan\u0131n selameti birli\u011fe, dostlu\u011fun tesisi adaletin icras\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r\u2019<\/b><\/p>\n

\u201c33 y\u0131ll\u0131k u\u011fursuz Abd\u00fclhamid d\u00f6neminde T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n taze hayatlar\u0131 Marmara bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n g\u0131das\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015ftururken, biz de az \u00f6tede \u0130stibdat\u2019\u0131n mezbahas\u0131nda vah\u015fi hayvanlara yem olmaktayd\u0131k. Bu k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 d\u00f6nemi beraber atlatt\u0131k. \u00d6yle ki, bu kadar \u00e7ile ve i\u015fkenceyle elde edilen milli h\u00e2kimiyette, hemen devrimin ertesinde Me\u015frutiyetimizin ve Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n temiz aln\u0131na s\u00fcr\u00fclen lekeyi ortadan kald\u0131rarak, a\u00e7\u0131lan yaray\u0131 tedavi etme merhametini kendilerinden talep etme hakk\u0131m\u0131z oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz: Vatan\u0131n selameti birli\u011fe; dostlu\u011fun tesisi adaletin icras\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n

Garabet \u00c7alyan\u2019\u0131n \u2018Adana Vakas\u0131 ve Mesulleri\u2019 raporundan (Kaynak: \u20181909 Adana Katliam\u0131: \u00dc\u00e7 Rapor\u2019, Aras Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k)<\/i><\/p>\n

\u2018Herkes ayr\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra biz kalaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131zdan, T\u00fcrklerle \u00e7ok \u00e7ok mezar arkada\u015f\u0131 olabiliriz\u2019<\/b><\/p>\n

\u201cM\u00fcmk\u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fcn m\u00fcmk\u00fcn\u00fcyle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bir b\u00f6l\u00fcnme hareketi olsa, bundan Araplar, Bulgarlar ve Arnavutlar istifade ederler. Bize yine bir \u015fey yok. Herkes ayr\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra biz kalaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131zdan, T\u00fcrklerle \u00e7ok \u00e7ok mezar arkada\u015f\u0131 olabiliriz. Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019da ters giden bir \u015fey oldu mu Yahudi\u2019den bilir, onu d\u00f6verlermi\u015f. Bu eski ve sa\u00e7ma kanun, bulundu\u011fumuz as\u0131rda bize uygulan\u0131yor. T\u00fcrkiye Ermenilerinin mutlulu\u011fu T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin selametine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131sacas\u0131, mensup oldu\u011fum milletin gelece\u011fi sizin elinizdedir. Siz her \u015feye kadirsiniz. \u0130sterseniz mahveder, isterseniz can verirsiniz. Can veriniz.\u201d<\/p>\n

Artin Arslanyan\u2019\u0131n Adana Katliam\u0131\u2019yla ilgili yarg\u0131lamay\u0131 yapan Divan-\u0131 Harp heyetine hitaben yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektuptan (Kaynak: \u20181909 <\/i>Adana Katliam\u0131: \u00dc\u00e7 Rapor\u2019, Aras Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k)<\/em><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/tr\/yazi\/11235\/106-yildonumunde-adana-katliaminin-ardindaki-gercekler<\/b><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Emre Can Da\u011fl\u0131o\u011flu 1909 Adana Katliam\u0131, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sonraki y\u0131llardaki kaderini sarsacak bir isyanla, 31 Mart Vakas\u0131\u2019yla ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcnler boyunca Adana\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7evresine de yay\u0131lan Ermenilere y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddet dalgas\u0131, ard\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck hasarlar b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 106 y\u0131l \u00f6nce bir 13 Nisan g\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u015flayan bu katliam\u0131, Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi Tarih B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nden Prof. Meltem Toks\u00f6z\u2019le konu\u015ftuk. \u00c7ukurova 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44,1,71,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34367","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ermeni-soykirimi","category-haberler","category-mulakatlar","category-tarih-sayfalari"],"yoast_head":"\n106. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde Adana Katliam\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131ndaki ger\u00e7ekler - 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