Suriye ve L\u00fcbnan\u2019daki Ermeni cemaatleri<\/b><\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131nda bulunan Suriye ve L\u00fcbnan\u2019\u0131n Halep, Latakya ve Beyrut gibi baz\u0131 yerle\u015fim yerlerinde Ermeni cemaatleri vard\u0131.<\/p>\n
Bu iki \u00fclkedeki Ermenilerin say\u0131s\u0131 1880-1890 y\u0131llar\u0131nda 80 bine ula\u015f\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 (50 bin) k\u00f6ylerde ya\u015famaktayd\u0131. Geri kalm\u0131\u015f Osmanl\u0131 Devleti b\u00fcnyesinde bulunan bu \u00fclkelerde h\u00e2len orta\u00e7a\u011f ya\u015fam\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrmekteydi.<\/p>\n
Ermeniler tar\u0131mla, ba\u015fl\u0131ca olarak da ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k, t\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl\u00fck ve ipekb\u00f6cek\u00e7ili\u011fiyle u\u011fra\u015fmaktayd\u0131. Zanaatlardan dokumac\u0131l\u0131k, dericilik ve kuyumculuk yayg\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ermenilerin, bu \u00fclkelerdeki ticari faaliyetleri \u00f6nem arz etmekteydi.<\/p>\n
Ermeniler i\u00e7 ticaretin haricinde, d\u0131\u015f ticarette de yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Beyrut\u2019ta bulunan Galust G\u00fclbenkyan kurulu\u015fu, Dsovyanov ile Manta\u015fov\u2019un Bak\u00fc i\u015fletmesinin petrol \u00fcretimini ithal edip, tah\u0131l ihra\u00e7 etmekteydi.<\/p>\n
1895-1896 y\u0131llar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda da Suriye ve L\u00fcbnan\u2019daki Ermeniler a\u011f\u0131r kay\u0131plar verir. Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019la birlikte ya\u011fma ve katliama maruz kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu \u00fclkelerdeki Ermeni cemaatleri, k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini geni\u015f bir \u015fekilde geli\u015ftirme imk\u00e2n\u0131ndan mahrum olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
En \u00fcnl\u00fc okullar\u0131 Halep\u2019teki Nersesyan ve Z\u0131mmar\u2019daki Ermeni Katolik okulu olmu\u015ftur. XX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda s\u00fcreli yay\u0131nlar, tiyatro gruplar\u0131 ve korolar kurulur. Baz\u0131 Ermeniler, Arap k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ve biliminin geli\u015fmesinde \u00f6nemli rol oynam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Konstantinopel ve Z\u0131m\u00fcrniya\u2019daki Ermeni cemaatleri <\/b><\/p>\n
Orta\u00e7a\u011fdan itibaren \u015fekillenmi\u015f olan Konstantinopel ve Z\u0131m\u00fcrniya Ermeni cemaatleri, yeni d\u00f6nemde y\u00fckseli\u015f ya\u015far. \u0130ki \u015fehir de ticaret a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan co\u011frafi a\u00e7\u0131dan k\u00f6t\u00fc bir noktadayd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ermeni t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n Konstantinopel\u2019de d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar\u0131, depolar\u0131 ve kervansaraylar\u0131 olup. Do\u011fu ile Bat\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ticarette bir ba\u011flant\u0131 halkas\u0131 olu\u015fturuyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n
Konstantinopel Ermeni n\u00fcfusunun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 zanaatla u\u011fra\u015fmaktayd\u0131. Say\u0131s\u0131z saray ve cami, Ermeni ustalar\u0131n eliyle in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Konstantinopel\u2019deki b\u00fcy\u00fck Ermeni cemaati, XVIII.-XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda, Bat\u0131 Ermenilerinin ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel merkezi durumuna gelecek \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde g\u00fc\u00e7lenir.<\/p>\n
XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda Konstantinopel\u2019de 80 Ermeni matbaas\u0131 bulundu\u011funu, onlarca s\u00fcreli yay\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da kitab\u0131n yay\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek yeterlidir.<\/p>\n
\u00c7ok say\u0131da okul, tiyatro, m\u00fczik ve daha ba\u015fka kurulu\u015flar vard\u0131. Ermeni cemaatinin n\u00fcfusu yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 bine varmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Z\u0131m\u00fcrniya veya \u0130zmir \u015fehri, Ege Denizi k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda bulunmakta olup, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir Ermeni n\u00fcfusuna sahipti.<\/p>\n
XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda Z\u0131m\u00fcrniya\u2019da 12 bin, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 esnas\u0131nda ise 30 bin Ermeni ya\u015famaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Burada da ekonominin temel kollar\u0131 ticaret ve zanaatlardan olu\u015fmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ermeni t\u00fcccarlar, Avrupa \u00fclkelerine pamuk, meyve, zeytin, t\u00fct\u00fcn ve deri ihra\u00e7 etmekteydi.<\/p>\n
Ermeni hal\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 iyiydi. \u00c7e\u015fitli meyve ihracat\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda incir vard\u0131. Bu alandaki en \u00fcnl\u00fc t\u00fcccarlardan Aram Hambardzumyan, \u201cincir kral\u0131\u201d unvan\u0131 elde etmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Zanaatlar babadan o\u011ful ge\u00e7mekteydi.<\/p>\n
XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda Z\u0131m\u00fcrniya\u2019da faaliyet g\u00f6steren at\u00f6lyeler aras\u0131nda 30 kuyumcu, 12 saat\u00e7i, 20 terzi, 16 kundurac\u0131 at\u00f6lyesi vard\u0131.<\/p>\n
Z\u0131m\u00fcrniya da tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir Ermeni k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkeziydi.<\/p>\n
1919-1922 y\u0131llar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de tertiplenen katliam ve g\u00f6\u00e7 sonucunda Z\u0131m\u00fcrniya\u2019da art\u0131k Ermeni n\u00fcfusu kalmaz ve cemaatin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortadan kalkar.<\/p>\n
\u0130ran\u2019daki Ermeni cemaatleri<\/b><\/p>\n
\u0130ran\u2019daki eski Ermeni cemaatleri, tarihin yeni d\u00f6nemlerinde de canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korur.<\/p>\n
Ermeniler, b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda kuzey \u0130ran\u2019da Tebriz\u2019de, Khoy\u2019da, Salmast\u2019ta, Urmia\u2019da vs. ya\u015famaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n
XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda 35-40 bine ula\u015fan \u0130ran\u2019daki Ermeni cemaatinin say\u0131s\u0131, XX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda artarak, 180-200 bine ula\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
En yayg\u0131n zanaat kollar\u0131 kuyumculuk, dokumac\u0131l\u0131k, demircilik ve dericilikti. \u00dclkenin kuyumculuk zanaat\u0131 hemen tamamen Ermenilerin elinde bulunmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u0130ranl\u0131 Ermeniler, hem \u00fclke i\u00e7inde, hem de \u00fclke d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda canl\u0131 bir ticaret hayat\u0131 i\u00e7indeydi.<\/p>\n
XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda, ticaretle birlikte sanayi de geli\u015fir. Var olan zengin sanayicilerden, Hazar Denizi\u2019nin g\u00fcneyindeki bal\u0131k sanayini elinde tutan Lianozov\u2019lar\u0131 sayabiliriz.<\/p>\n
\u0130ranl\u0131 Ermeniler, \u00fclkenin toplumsal-siyasi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel hayat\u0131na aktif bir \u015fekilde kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00c7ok say\u0131da Ermeni, \u0130ran saray\u0131nda y\u00fcksek diplomatik g\u00f6revler icra etmekteydi.<\/p>\n
XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere, Fransa ve Avusturya\u2019daki \u0130ran el\u00e7ileri Ermenilerden olu\u015fmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u0130ngiltere el\u00e7isi Melkon Han taraf\u0131ndan Londra\u2019da yay\u0131nlanan \u201c\u011eanun\u201d (kanun) dergisi, \u0130ran toplumunun ilk demokratik fikirler propaganda eden dergisi olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
1905-1911 y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki burjuva, feodalizm kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 devrime Ermeniler aktif olarak kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, i\u00e7lerinden Yeprem Han, anayasal hareketin liderlerinden biri olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
\u00dclkenin en y\u00fcksek organ\u0131 olan mecliste Ermeniler iki vekile sahipti.<\/p>\n
\u0130ran y\u00f6netimi ile Ermeni cemaati aras\u0131nda arac\u0131 rol\u00fc oynayan \u201cMilli konsey\u201d kurulur.<\/p>\n
\u0130ranl\u0131 Ermeniler, ayd\u0131nlanma ve \u00f6zellikle de k\u00fclt\u00fcr alan\u0131nda g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr ba\u015far\u0131lar elde eder.<\/p>\n
1838 y\u0131l\u0131nda Nor Cu\u011fa\u2019da Ermeni okulu a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonraki on y\u0131llarda Tebriz, Tahran ve daha ba\u015fka yerlerde okullar kurulur.<\/p>\n
Salmast b\u00f6lgesindeki 11 Ermeni okulunda, 1904-1905 y\u0131llar\u0131nda 800 \u00f6\u011frenci okumaktayd\u0131. \u0130ran\u2019daki Ermeni okullar\u0131, \u00fczerlerinde Kafkasya Ermeni k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc merkezlerinin etkisini ta\u015f\u0131maktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n
1880\u2019li y\u0131llarda, bir dizi \u015fehirde Ermeni matbaalar\u0131 kurulur. Tiyatrosever, hay\u0131r ve daha farkl\u0131 ama\u00e7l\u0131 toplumsal dernekler kurulur.<\/p>\n
\u0130ran\u2019da Ermenilerin yo\u011fun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 merkezlerde yirminin \u00fczerinde dergi yay\u0131nlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Hindistan\u2019daki Ermeni cemaatleri<\/b><\/p>\n
Ermeniler, XVI.-XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131llardan itibaren Hindistan\u2019a yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikle \u0130ran\u2019dan yap\u0131lan g\u00f6\u00e7le, XVII.-XVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda, k\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde bir dizi koloniler olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
Surhat, Agra, Madras, Kalk\u00fcta ve Bombay\u2019\u0131 sayabiliriz.<\/p>\n
Avrupal\u0131lar Hindistan\u2019a yerle\u015fmeden \u00f6nce geni\u015f \u00e7apta ticaret faaliyet y\u00fcr\u00fcten Ermeniler, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede, Ermeni bayraklar\u0131yla sefer yapan gemilere sahip olur. Avrupal\u0131lar, Ermeni gemilerinin faaliyetini engeller.<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cDo\u011fu Hindistan\u201d adl\u0131 \u0130ngiliz ticaret kurulu\u015fu, Ermeni t\u00fcccarlar\u0131 ticaret ve ekonomi alan\u0131ndan atma siyaseti g\u00fcder.<\/p>\n
Avrupal\u0131 t\u00fcccarlarla olan \u00e7eli\u015fkiler, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Ermeniler, yerel halk\u0131n Avrupal\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc m\u00fccadeleye kat\u0131lmaya ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n
XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Hindistan\u2019daki baz\u0131 koloniler zay\u0131flam\u0131\u015f, y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda sadece, Hindistanl\u0131 Ermenilerin merkezine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olan Kalk\u00fcta Ermeni cemaati ayaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Hindistanl\u0131 Ermenilerin o d\u00f6nemdeki say\u0131s\u0131<\/p>\n
20-25 bine ula\u015fmaktayd\u0131. T\u00fcccarlar ve zanaatk\u00e2rlar bu n\u00fcfusun i\u00e7inde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir say\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktayd\u0131. Hindistanl\u0131 Ermeniler, vatanlar\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019la ili\u015fki i\u00e7indeydi.<\/p>\n
Ermeni k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, Hindistanl\u0131 Ermeniler aras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir geli\u015fme ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7 katl\u0131 k\u00f6pr\u00fc, ta\u015f merdivenler, Kalk\u00fcta\u2019n\u0131n \u201cErmeni\u201d liman\u0131, kiliseler ve daha ba\u015fka yap\u0131lar mimarl\u0131k alan\u0131nda \u00fcnl\u00fcyd\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Bununla birlikte, Hindistanl\u0131 Ermenilerin en de\u011ferli katk\u0131s\u0131, ilk Ermeni s\u00fcreli yay\u0131n\u0131n hayata ge\u00e7irilmesidir. Madras, Kalk\u00fcta ve Bombay\u2019da bir dizi matbaa kurulur.<\/p>\n
XVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n 70-80\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131nda Hindistan\u2019\u0131n Madras \u015fehrinde bir grup vatansever, ayd\u0131nlanma faaliyeti i\u00e7indeydi.<\/p>\n
\u015e. \u015eahamiryan \u00f6nderli\u011findeki grup, kitaplar yay\u0131nlar ve Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 elde etme fikrini propaganda eder.<\/p>\n
1821 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kalk\u00fcta\u2019da Ermeni h\u00fcmanizm okulunun a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131, \u00f6nemli bir ayd\u0131nlanma yayma giri\u015fimiydi.<\/p>\n
Okulun bir yat\u0131l\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131 da olup, burada, farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerdeki Ermeni cemaatlerinden gelen \u00e7ocuklar da okumaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Bu okulda, yazar Mesrop Ta\u011fiatyan gibi \u00fcnl\u00fc ki\u015filer ders vermekteydi.<\/p>\n
XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda, Hindistan\u2019daki Ermeni cemaatleri zay\u0131flay\u0131p, eski \u00f6nemini yitirir.<\/p>\n
M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019daki Ermeni cemaatleri<\/b><\/p>\n
Ermeniler, orta\u00e7a\u011fda M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a yerle\u015fmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Ermeni cemaatleri, uluslararas\u0131 ticaret sayesinde XVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda geli\u015fim g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
Lakin Osmanl\u0131 egemenli\u011finde bulunan M\u0131s\u0131r, zay\u0131flam\u0131\u015f ve da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olarak XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131la ayak basar.<\/p>\n
Ermeni cemaatleri de ayn\u0131 durumdayd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ermeni cemaatleri de k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede \u00fclkeyle birlikte y\u00fckseli\u015f ya\u015far.<\/p>\n
Devlet, yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n ekonomik faaliyetlerini destekler. Ermenilerin M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a, \u00f6zellikle de Kahire ve \u0130skenderiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n
Bununla birlikte M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n Ermeni n\u00fcfusu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olup, XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131lda 3, XX. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda ise 15 bine ula\u015fmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ermeniler, zanaatlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, sanayide de \u00f6nemli bir rol oynamaktayd\u0131. XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019daki t\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcretimi, \u00f6zellikle Ermeni ve Yunan uzmanlar\u0131n giri\u015fimiyle geli\u015fir.<\/p>\n
M\u0131s\u0131r t\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcretiminin yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131, Ermeni giri\u015fimcilerin elindeydi.<\/p>\n
M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 Ermeniler \u00fclkenin siyasi hayat\u0131nda da g\u00f6z doldurur. \u00dclkedeki adli reformlar, baz\u0131 y\u00fcksek devlet g\u00f6revlerinde bulunmu\u015f olan Nubar Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n ad\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
O\u011flu Bo\u011fos Nubar, Paris\u2019te, Ermeni milli heyetinin ba\u015f\u0131nda bulunmu\u015f ve \u201cGenel Ermeni Hay\u0131r Kurulu\u015fu\u201d kurucusu (1906) olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Kahire\u2019deki ilk Ermeni okulu 1828 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u0130skenderiye\u2019deki ise 1851 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Ermeni okullar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 1917 y\u0131l\u0131nda 11\u2019e ula\u015f\u0131r. Bu okullarda yakla\u015f\u0131k 1600 \u00f6\u011frenci okumaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n
XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortas\u0131ndan itibaren M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da Ermenice dergiler yay\u0131nlan\u0131p, matbaalar kurulmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n
http:\/\/www.findarmenia.com\/arm\/history\/25\/513<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Suriye ve L\u00fcbnan\u2019daki Ermeni cemaatleri Osmanl\u0131 egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131nda bulunan Suriye ve L\u00fcbnan\u2019\u0131n Halep, Latakya ve Beyrut gibi baz\u0131 yerle\u015fim yerlerinde Ermeni cemaatleri vard\u0131. Bu iki \u00fclkedeki Ermenilerin say\u0131s\u0131 1880-1890 y\u0131llar\u0131nda 80 bine ula\u015f\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 (50 bin) k\u00f6ylerde ya\u015famaktayd\u0131. Geri kalm\u0131\u015f Osmanl\u0131 Devleti b\u00fcnyesinde bulunan bu \u00fclkelerde h\u00e2len orta\u00e7a\u011f ya\u015fam\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrmekteydi. Ermeniler […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[65,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34351","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ermenilerin-tarihi","category-haberler"],"yoast_head":"\n