{"id":34266,"date":"2015-04-03T04:31:12","date_gmt":"2015-04-03T09:31:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=34266"},"modified":"2015-04-03T04:31:12","modified_gmt":"2015-04-03T09:31:12","slug":"92-egitim-bilim-basin-edebiyat-sanat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=34266","title":{"rendered":"92. E\u011fitim. Bilim. Bas\u0131n. Edebiyat. Sanat."},"content":{"rendered":"

Okul<\/b><\/p>\n

Do\u011fu Ermenistan\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi, Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019da da Ermenice e\u011fitim konusunda hem ba\u015far\u0131lar, hem de zorluklar vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu d\u00f6nemde de, yayg\u0131n e\u011fitim \u015fekli, kiliselere ba\u011fl\u0131 ve k\u00f6t\u00fc durumda bulunan cemaat okullar\u0131yd\u0131. K\u00f6ylerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda okul yoktu. \u00d6\u011fretmenlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 orta dereceli e\u011fitime ancak sahip olup, maddi zorluklar i\u00e7indeydi.<\/p>\n

Rusla\u015ft\u0131rma siyaseti g\u00fcden \u00e7arl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, e\u011fitim konusunda engeller \u00e7\u0131karmaktayd\u0131. \u00d6zellikle 1880-1890 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Ermeni okullar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 cebren kapat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Buna ra\u011fmen, toplum hayat\u0131n\u0131n genel geli\u015fimi etkisini g\u00f6stermekteydi. Tam da bu on y\u0131l zarf\u0131nda, e\u011fitim konusuna destek veren hay\u0131r ve kamu kurulu\u015flar\u0131 olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n

Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda yeni e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmu\u015f olmas\u0131 dikkate \u015fayand\u0131r. 1874 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ecmiadsin\u2019deki Cemaran (dini okul-\u00e7ev. notu) a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r ve katolikos (Ermeni Kilisesi\u2019nin dini \u00f6nderi-\u00e7ev. notu) IV. Georg\u2019un ad\u0131yla an\u0131l\u0131r. Bu e\u011fitim kurumu verimli faaliyette bulunur, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve e\u011fitim alan\u0131nda \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00fcnl\u00fc ki\u015fi yeti\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n

Konstantinopel\u2019de (\u0130stanbul-\u00e7ev. notu) Ketronakan, Van\u2019da Yeremyan, Nor Nakhi\u00e7evan\u2019da temakan, Erzurum\u2019da Sanasaryan okullar\u0131, Yerevan\u2019da ise kolej a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Tiflis, Yerevan, Bak\u00fc, Akhaltskha (Ah\u0131ska-\u00e7ev. notu), Aleksandrapol (g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde G\u00fcmr\u00fc-\u00e7ev. notu) ve daha ba\u015fka yerlerde k\u0131z okullar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda kurulan Moskova\u2019daki Lazaryan Okulu ve Tiflis\u2019teki Nersesyan Okulu, e\u011fitim-ayd\u0131nlanma misyonlar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fckemmel bir \u015fekilde yerine getirmekteydi. 90\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ortas\u0131nda, \u00fclkedeki okullarda 30 binin \u00fczerinde Ermeni \u00f6\u011frenci okumaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Rusya, ABD, Fransa, Bulgaristan ve daha ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerdeki Ermeni cemaatlerinde de Ermeni okullar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Bu okullardan Mehitarist\u2019lerin Paris\u2019teki Muradyan ile Venedik\u2019teki Rafayelyan okullar\u0131 1870 y\u0131l\u0131nda Venedik\u2019te birle\u015ferek, Murad-Rafayelyan okulunu olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

Bu okulun sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 giderek y\u00fckselir ve \u0130talyan h\u00fck\u00fcmetinden orta \u00f6\u011fretim denkli\u011fi elde eder.<\/p>\n

Cemaat okullar\u0131nda genelde din ve Ermenice, di\u011fer e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131nda ise ayr\u0131ca tarih, co\u011frafya, matematik, yabanc\u0131 diller, g\u00fczel yaz\u0131, \u015fark\u0131 ve daha ba\u015fka dersler verilmekteydi.<\/p>\n

M. Mamuryan, P. \u015ean\u015f\u0131yan, \u011e. A\u011fayan, A. Bahatyan, R. Berberyan, S. Malkhasyan ve daha bir\u00e7oklar\u0131, verimli e\u011fitim \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirip, okul m\u00fcfredatlar\u0131 ve ders kitaplar\u0131 haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bilim<\/b><\/p>\n

Ermeni bilimi XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle Ermeni tarihi, dili ve Armenoloji ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde geli\u015fir.<\/p>\n

Mehitarist karde\u015fli\u011fi \u00fcyesi \u011eevond Ali\u015fan, hi\u00e7bir zaman Ermenistan\u2019da bulunmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, tarih ve co\u011frafya konusunda bir dizi temel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma (\u201c\u015eirak\u201d, \u201cSisuan\u201d, \u201cAyrarat\u201d vs.) yay\u0131nlar. Geride 45 ciltten fazla Armenoloji eseri b\u0131rak\u0131r. Ma\u011fakia Ormanyan, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u201cAzgapatum\u201d eserinde, Ermeni Kilisesi\u2019nin tam tarihini sunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Lazaryan okulu \u00f6\u011fretmenlerinden M\u0131k\u0131rti\u00e7 Emin, Orta\u00e7a\u011f Ermeni tarih\u00e7ilerinin eserlerini Rus\u00e7a ve Frans\u0131zcaya terc\u00fcme edip, devasa bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirerek, bu \u015fekilde yabanc\u0131 halklara, Ermenilerin de\u011ferli yaz\u0131l\u0131 an\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 takdim eder.<\/p>\n

S. Palasanyan, K. Patkanyan, G. Khalatyan, A. Karaka\u015fyan, A. Yeritsyan ve daha ba\u015fkalar\u0131, Ermeni tarih biliminin geli\u015fmesi konusunda ciddi emek sahibidir.<\/p>\n

\u015eiir alan\u0131nda Garegin S\u0131rvandztyan verimli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda bulunmu\u015f, \u201cSasna Ds\u0131rer\u201d karamanl\u0131k destan\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

XX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apta geli\u015fen bilim, Ermeniler aras\u0131nda da meyvelerini verir. Dil bilimcisi H\u0131ra\u00e7ya Acaryan, genel Ermeni dil bilimi alan\u0131nda de\u011ferli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar verir.<\/p>\n

Manuk Abe\u011fyan taraf\u0131ndan antik ve orta\u00e7a\u011f Ermeni edebiyat\u0131 ile halk edebiyat\u0131 derinlemesine ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Leo (Arakel Babakhanyan), tarih ve edebiyat alan\u0131nda verimli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n

Niko\u011fayos Adonts taraf\u0131ndan orta\u00e7a\u011f Ermeni tarihi derinlemesine ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda, tabii bilimlerde de ciddi ilerlemeler kaydedilir. Hovhannes Adamyan, renkli televizyon ve daha ba\u015fka icatlar\u0131n sahibidir.<\/p>\n

Kafkasya ve Ural\u2019\u0131n yeralt\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyen, Peterburg ve Heidelberg \u00fcniversiteleri mezunu jeolog ve kimyac\u0131 Andreas Ardsruni ile Kerovbe Patkanyan, Rusya Bilimler Akademisi \u00fcyeli\u011fine se\u00e7ilir.<\/p>\n

Pratik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla \u00fcnlenen Doktor Margar Arustamyan, 1893 y\u0131l\u0131nda Astrakhan\u2019da patlak veren ve b\u00fcy\u00fck korlu salan kolera salg\u0131n\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 cesaretle m\u00fccadele edip, binlerce ki\u015finin hayat\u0131n\u0131 kurtar\u0131r. Kahramanca faaliyetleri sayesinde zaman\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck sayg\u0131 kazan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.findarmenia.com\/arm\/history\/25\/502<\/a><\/p>\n

Bas\u0131n<\/b><\/p>\n

Ermeni bas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir geli\u015fme g\u00f6sterir. XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda sadece 30, y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda ise 246 gazete ve dergi yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015fken, XX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda bu say\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 600\u2019e ula\u015f\u0131r. Tiflis ve Konstantinopel, Ermenice s\u00fcreli yay\u0131n merkezlerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Tiflis\u2019te \u201cMur\u00e7\u201d dergisi, \u201cNor Dar\u201d, \u201cPordz\u201d, \u201cArdzagank\u201d ve di\u011fer s\u00fcreli yay\u0131nlar, Konstantinopel\u2019de \u201cMasis\u201d, \u201cMe\u011fu\u201d ve \u201cArevelk\u201d, Paris\u2019te ise \u201cArevelk\u201d ve \u201cArevmutk\u201d\u00a0 gazeteleri yay\u0131nlan\u0131r. Z\u0131m\u00fcrniya (\u0130zmir-\u00e7ev. notu), Moskova ve daha ba\u015fka \u015fehirlerde de \u00e7ok say\u0131da gazete yay\u0131nlanmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Grigor Ardsruni\u2019nin \u201cM\u0131\u015fak\u201d gazetesi, zaman\u0131n ilerici ve vatansever gen\u00e7li\u011fi \u00fczerinde ciddi bir etki b\u0131rak\u0131r. Geni\u015f oranda \u00fcnlenen s\u00fcreli yay\u0131nlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda, Ar\u015fak \u00c7obanyan taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan \u201cAnahit\u201d (Paris) ve Garegin Levonyan\u2019\u0131n yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cGe\u011farvest\u201d (Tiflis) g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpar. \u201cHasker\u201d dergisi ise \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n sevgilisi olur.<\/p>\n

Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n son on y\u0131llar\u0131nda, parti bas\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. H\u0131n\u00e7ak Partisi organ\u0131 \u201cH\u0131n\u00e7ak\u201d, Ermeni Devrimci Federasyonu\u2019nun resmi gazetesi \u201cD\u0131ro\u015fak\u201d ve di\u011fer gazeteler. \u201cProletaryat\u201d, \u201cKayds\u201d, \u201cNor Khosk\u201d ve di\u011fer gazeteler, Marksist ideolojiye ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Parti bas\u0131n\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan, Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n milli ve sosyal kurtulu\u015fu sorunlar\u0131 ortaya konarken, ayn\u0131 zamanda da kendi parti ideolojilerinin propagandas\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ermeni s\u00fcreli yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ermeni toplumsal ve siyasi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc, bilimsel-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel geli\u015fimi, Avrupa k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc de\u011ferlerinin Ermeni toplumunda yay\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Edebiyat<\/b><\/p>\n

Ermeni edebiyat\u0131 bu d\u00f6nemde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ilerleme elde ederek, yeni bir geli\u015fim basama\u011f\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mikayel Nalbantyan\u2019\u0131n m\u00fccadeleye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran saz\u0131, 1850-60\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda t\u0131nlamay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekteydi. Rafayel Patkanyan\u2019\u0131n (Kamar-K\u00e2tiba) eserleri, b\u00fcy\u00fck devletlerin yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaya ve Ermenileri vatanseverlik ve h\u00fcrriyetperverlik duygular\u0131yla silaha \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelikti.<\/p>\n

Patkanyan\u2019\u0131n \u201cAraksi artasuk\u0131\u201d \u015fiiri, Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n en sevdi\u011fi \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131ndan birine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck yazar Raffi, milli kurtulu\u015f fikirlerini \u201cKhent\u0131\u201d, \u201cKaydser\u201d, \u201cDavit Bek\u201d ve \u201cSamvel\u201d romanlar\u0131nda dile getirir.<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck komedi ustas\u0131 Hagop Baronyan\u2019\u0131n eserleri,<\/p>\n

(\u201cAzgayin Cocer\u201d, \u201cBa\u011fdasar A\u011fbar\u201d, \u201cMedsapativ Muratskanner\u201d vs.) emek\u00e7ilerin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 savunmaya y\u00f6nelik olup, ayn\u0131 zamanda, padi\u015fahl\u0131k sistemi ile Bat\u0131 Avrupa devletlerinin ikili siyasetini, sivri u\u00e7lu kalemiyle yermekteydi.<\/p>\n

Gabriel Sundukyan, \u201cKhatabala\u201d, \u201cEli mek zoh\u201d, \u201cKand\u0131vads ocakh\u201d ve \u201cPepo\u201d temsilleriyle hayat\u0131n ger\u00e7ek resmini \u00e7izerek, Ermeni tiyatro sanat\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fimine b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etki etmi\u015ftir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 savunarak, asalak zenginleri yerer.<\/p>\n

Ermeni yazarlardan hi\u00e7biri, halk\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n milli ruhunu, Hovhannes Tumanyan gibi derinlemesine ve i\u00e7tenlikle g\u00f6stermemi\u015ftir. Ermeni edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n kal\u0131c\u0131 de\u011ferleri olan \u201cAnu\u015f\u201d, \u201cMaro\u201d, \u201cLoretsi Sako\u201d, \u201cT\u0131mkaberdi arum\u0131\u201d, \u201cGigor\u0131\u201d ve di\u011fer eserleri, bunun en iyi kan\u0131tlar\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcm Ermeniler \u015fairi olarak an\u0131lan Tumanyan\u2019\u0131n, vatanda\u015f ve milli ki\u015filik olarak yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ayn\u0131 derecede \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Yeni Ermeni edebiyat\u0131 alan\u0131ndaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck yazarlar\u0131ndan biri, Avetik \u0130sahakyan\u2019d\u0131r. Aleksander \u015eirvanzade, eserleriyle hayat\u0131n derinliklerine inebilmekteydi.<\/p>\n

H. Hovhannisyan, \u011e. A\u011fayan, Muratsan, P. Pro\u015fyan, V. Teryan, Nar-Dos ve daha bir\u00e7ok yazar, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla bu d\u00f6nemde Ermeni edebiyat\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir iz b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Levon \u015eant \u015fair, yazar ve dramaturg olarak \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir yere sahiptir. Avetis Aharonyan da \u00fcnl\u00fc edebiyat\u00e7\u0131lardan olup, eserleri stil \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fiyle g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Arpiar Arpiaryan, Grigor Zohrab, Misak Medsarents, Siamanto, Daniel Varujan, Yervand Otyan ve daha bir\u00e7oklar\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 bask\u0131 rejimi \u015fartlar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p, kal\u0131c\u0131 eserler vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.findarmenia.com\/arm\/history\/25\/505<\/a><\/p>\n

Tiyatro<\/b><\/p>\n

XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda, tiyatro alan\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fimler ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir ve amat\u00f6rl\u00fckten geli\u015ferek, sanatsal uzmanl\u0131k koluna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Kal\u0131c\u0131 oyuncu gruplar\u0131 te\u015fekk\u00fcl eder, b\u00fct\u00fcn bir yetenekli oyuncu nesli olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 Ermenilerinden olu\u015fan tiyatro gruplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ziyaretler ve i\u015fbirlikleri olu\u015fur. Tiyatro sanat\u0131 sevenlerden olu\u015fan birka\u00e7 dernek \u015fekillenir.<\/p>\n

1868 y\u0131l\u0131nda Konstantinopel\u2019de Hagop Vartovyan taraf\u0131ndan kurulan tiyatro grubu, Ermenice ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e olarak temsiller verir. Vartovyan, hakl\u0131 olarak hem Ermeni, hem de T\u00fcrk tiyatrosunun kurucusu olarak kabul edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Tiyatro sanat\u0131 dal\u0131nda parlayan Bedros Atamyan, 1879 y\u0131l\u0131nda Konstantinopel\u2019den Rusya\u2019ya gider, Tiflis, Moskova, Peterburg, Nor Nakhi\u00e7evan ve daha ba\u015fka \u015fehirlerin sahnelerinde oynayarak, \u00f6zellikle \u015eekspir\u2019in oyunlar\u0131ndaki rolleriyle b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcn kazan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Gevorg \u00c7\u0131m\u0131\u015fkyan, Hovhannes Abelyan, Siranuy\u015f ve daha bir\u00e7oklar\u0131, oyunculuk sanatlar\u0131ndaki ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131yla \u00fcnlenir.<\/p>\n

M\u00fczik<\/b><\/p>\n

XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131, m\u00fczik sanat\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 olur. Bir\u00e7ok vatansever ayd\u0131n, m\u00fczikle ilgilenip, \u015fark\u0131 kitaplar\u0131 ve korolar derleyerek, halk \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeye ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n

M\u00fczik alan\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle Tigran \u00c7uhac\u0131yan, Kristapor Kara-Murza ve Makar Yekmalyan \u00fcnlenir.<\/p>\n

T. \u00c7uhac\u0131yan \u201cAr\u015fak Yerkrord\u201d operas\u0131yla (1868) Ermeni opera sanat\u0131n\u0131n temelini atar. Yekmalyan ve Kara-Murza, y\u00fczlerce halk \u015fark\u0131s\u0131 derler ve d\u00fczenler.<\/p>\n

D\u00e2hi m\u00fczisyen Komitas, binlerce halk \u015fark\u0131s\u0131 derler, d\u00fczenler, yabanc\u0131 etkilerden ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r ve m\u00fczikal cevherler olarak halka yeniden geri verir. \u201cKali yerg\u201d,\u00a0 \u201cHol ara yezo\u201d, \u201cGarun a\u201d, \u201cK\u0131runk\u201d bu eserlerden sadece birka\u00e7\u0131d\u0131r. Komitas Almanya, Fransa, \u0130svi\u00e7re ve daha ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerin farkl\u0131 \u015fehirlerinde konserler ve konferanslar verir, Ermeni m\u00fczi\u011fi sanat\u0131n\u0131 takdim eder ve \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kan\u0131tlar.<\/p>\n

Resim sanat\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

Ermeni resim sanat\u0131 da bu d\u00f6nemde geli\u015fim g\u00f6sterir. Bu ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 bor\u00e7lu oldu\u011fumuz bir dizi sanat\u00e7\u0131 aras\u0131nda, d\u00f6neminin en b\u00fcy\u00fck deniz ressamlar\u0131ndan biri olan Hovhannes Ayvazovski, \u00f6zel bir yere sahiptir. Ermenilerle ilgili konular, Ayvazovski\u2019nin eserlerinde belli bir yer tutmaktad\u0131r (\u201cArarat\u201d, \u201cSevana lic\u0131\u201d, \u201cHayeri card\u0131 Trapizonum 1895\u201d vs.).<\/p>\n

Portre ressam\u0131 Hakob Hovnatanyan, nat\u00fcrmort ressam\u0131 Gevorg Ba\u015finca\u011fyan, Stepan Nersisyan, Vardges Surenyants, Panos Terlemezyan, Ye\u011fi\u015fe Tadevosyan, Sedrak Arakelyan, \u00fcnl\u00fc heykelt\u0131ra\u015flar Hakob G\u00fcrciyan ve Andreas Ter-Marukyan bu d\u00f6nemde eser vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Ter-Marukyan taraf\u0131ndan Paris\u2019te haz\u0131rlanan, yazar Kh. Abovyan\u2019\u0131n heykeli, yazar\u0131n do\u011fum yerinde sergilenmektedir.<\/p>\n

Mimarl\u0131k<\/b><\/p>\n

XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131 ve XX. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda, ekonominin geli\u015fmesiyle birlikte, Transkafkasya\u2019da ve Ermenistan\u2019da, \u015fehircilik geli\u015fmeye ba\u015flar. \u015eehirlerin d\u00fczenlenmesi ve yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n

Buna paralel olarak resmi ve e\u011fitimle ilgili binalar ile konut yap\u0131m\u0131 geli\u015fir. Transkafkasya \u015fehirlerini s\u00fcsleyen binalar\u0131n \u00e7izimlerini haz\u0131rlayan bir dizi Ermeni mimar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n

Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019da mimarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in \u015fartlar yeterli de\u011fildi. Lakin Konstantinopel\u2019de, \u00fcnl\u00fc mimarl\u0131k ailesi Balyan\u2019lar\u0131n s\u00fclalesinin varisleri faaliyet g\u00f6stermeye devam etmekteydi. Bu ki\u015filerin projeleriyle, y\u00fcksek sanat de\u011ferleriyle g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpan farkl\u0131 binalar in\u015fa edilmekteydi.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6ylelikle, XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131 ve XX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk on y\u0131llar\u0131nda Ermeni k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u00fcm dallar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck geli\u015fme g\u00f6sterir.\\<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.findarmenia.com\/arm\/history\/25\/508<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Okul Do\u011fu Ermenistan\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi, Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019da da Ermenice e\u011fitim konusunda hem ba\u015far\u0131lar, hem de zorluklar vard\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde de, yayg\u0131n e\u011fitim \u015fekli, kiliselere ba\u011fl\u0131 ve k\u00f6t\u00fc durumda bulunan cemaat okullar\u0131yd\u0131. K\u00f6ylerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda okul yoktu. \u00d6\u011fretmenlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 orta dereceli e\u011fitime ancak sahip olup, maddi zorluklar i\u00e7indeydi. Rusla\u015ft\u0131rma siyaseti g\u00fcden \u00e7arl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[65,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34266","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ermenilerin-tarihi","category-haberler"],"yoast_head":"\n92. E\u011fitim. Bilim. Bas\u0131n. 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