{"id":34051,"date":"2015-03-20T02:00:52","date_gmt":"2015-03-20T07:00:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=34051"},"modified":"2015-03-20T02:08:20","modified_gmt":"2015-03-20T07:08:20","slug":"90-ilk-rus-devrimi-yillarinda-dogu-ermenistan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=34051","title":{"rendered":"90. \u0130lk Rus devrimi y\u0131llar\u0131nda Do\u011fu Ermenistan"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Ermeni-Tatar<\/a>
Ermeni-Tatar (Azerbaycanl\u0131) \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Devrimin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

Rusya\u2019daki ilk burjuva-demokratik devrim, 9 (22) Ocak 1905 tarihinde Peterburg\u2019da bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l g\u00f6steri yapan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00fczerine ate\u015f edilmesiyle ba\u015flar. Devrimin amac\u0131, \u00e7ar\u0131n devrilmesi ve \u00fclkede demokratik rejimin tesis edilmesiydi. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkentinde, i\u015f\u00e7ilere y\u00f6nelik kanl\u0131 katliam, t\u00fcm \u00fclkeyi aya\u011fa kald\u0131r\u0131r. K\u00fctlesel hareketler ba\u015flar. Transkafkasya da m\u00fccadeleye kat\u0131l\u0131r. Ocak-\u015eubat aylar\u0131nda Tiflis ve Bak\u00fc\u2019de s\u00fcrekli grevler yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Grev dalgas\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019a da s\u0131\u00e7rar. Alaverdi maden ocaklar\u0131 b\u00f6lgesindeki 1.000 i\u015f\u00e7i, 1905 Mart\u0131nda grev ilan eder. Grevcilerin talepleri genelde ekonomiktir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7i grevleri, Ermeni k\u00f6yl\u00fclerini de etkiler.<\/p>\n

Daha 1905 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilkbahar-yaz aylar\u0131nda Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde, \u00f6zellikle de Lori\u2019de k\u00f6yl\u00fc ayaklanmalar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.<\/p>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcmet, ihtilal\u0131n ilk aylar\u0131nda, Ermeni halk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik politikas\u0131nda baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikliklere gider.<\/p>\n

\u0130. Vorontsov-Da\u015fkov, \u00e7ar\u0131n temsilcisi g\u00f6reviyle h\u00fck\u00fcmet ba\u015fkan\u0131 Golitsin\u2019in yerine getirilir ve daha yumu\u015fak bir siyaset izlemeye ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n

\"Nikol<\/a>
Nikol Duman<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Devrim hareketi, 1905 sonbahar-k\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda Rusya\u2019da doruk noktas\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, \u00e7ar II. Nikolay\u2019\u0131n 17 Ekimde yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 manifestosuyla \u201csiyasi h\u00fcrriyetlerin sars\u0131lmaz prensipleri\u201d a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r ve kanun koyucu Duma (meclis) olu\u015fturulur.<\/p>\n

Meclisin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 dahi, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n demokratik bir devlete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ermeni-Tatar (Azerbaycanl\u0131) \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

Saray ve y\u00fcksek g\u00f6revliler, daha devrimin ilk aylar\u0131ndan itibaren, halk\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc b\u00f6lmek i\u00e7in imk\u00e2nlar arar. Y\u00f6neticiler, farkl\u0131 halklar aras\u0131nda dini ve milli d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k yaratmak gibi caniliklerden geri durmaz.<\/p>\n

Bu siyaset Transkafkasya\u2019da Ermeniler ve Azerbaycanl\u0131lara (Tatarlar) y\u00f6nelir.<\/p>\n

6 \u015eubat 1905 tarihinde yerel y\u00f6neticiler ve \u00f6zellikle de Bak\u00fc valisi M. Naka\u015fidze\u2019nin k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmas\u0131yla birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn s\u00fcren Ermeni-Azerbaycanl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ya\u015fan\u0131r. Lakin mel\u00e2net sadece Bak\u00fc\u2019yle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Bak\u00fc, Transkafkasya\u2019n\u0131n di\u011fer b\u00f6lgeleri i\u00e7in bir i\u015faret olur.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcndelik i\u015fleriyle u\u011fra\u015fan Ermeni ahali, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ilk g\u00fcnlerinde faka basarak, hayli kay\u0131p verir.<\/p>\n

\"Vardan<\/a>
Vardan (Khanasor Vardan\u2019\u0131)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Daha sonra ise Ermeniler te\u015fkilatland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kar\u015f\u0131 taraf hissedilir derecede kay\u0131plar verir. Da\u015fnaktsutyun Partisi, bu a\u011f\u0131r g\u00fcnlerde Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z savunmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00fczerine al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00dcnl\u00fc Ermeni fedailerden Nikol Duman, Vardan (Khanasor Vardan\u2019\u0131), Keri (Ar\u015fak Gavafyan) ve di\u011ferleri, direni\u015f \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 organize etmekteydi.<\/p>\n

Gandzak Eyaleti ve \u00f6zellikle \u015eu\u015fi\u2019de \u015fiddetli \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar vuku bulur.<\/p>\n

1905 A\u011fustosundaki \u015eu\u015fi katliam\u0131n\u0131, petrol kuyular\u0131 ve rafinerilerin ate\u015fe verildi\u011fi Bak\u00fc takip eder.<\/p>\n

Yeni bir katliam dalgas\u0131 20 Kas\u0131mda Bak\u00fc\u2019den ba\u015flay\u0131p, G\u00fcrcistan ve Ermenistan\u2019a yay\u0131l\u0131r. G\u00fcrcistan, \u00f6zellikle de Tiflis\u2019teki \u00f6z savunma, Armen Garo (Garegin Past\u0131rmac\u0131yan) taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilir.<\/p>\n

K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, fakat iyi organize olmu\u015f Ermeni g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin \u00e7ok say\u0131daki Tatar g\u00fc\u00e7lerine kar\u015f\u0131 direnip, galip geldi\u011fi S\u00fcnik\u2019te \u015fiddetli \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.<\/p>\n

1906 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Transkafkasya\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelerinde h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmekteydi.<\/p>\n

\"Keri<\/a>
Keri (Ar\u015fak Gavafyan)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Durumun istikrars\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na art\u0131k gerek kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, \u00e7arl\u0131k y\u00f6netimi taraf\u0131ndan 1906 Eyl\u00fcl\u00fcnde, \u00fclkede meydana gelen \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara son verilir.<\/p>\n

Ermeni-Azerbaycanl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 esnas\u0131nda, iki halk\u0131n ilerici temsilcileri, \u00f6zellikle de Ermeni yazar Hovhannes Tumanyan ile Azerbaycanl\u0131 yazar Mirza Sabir sa\u011fduyu \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131 yapar.<\/p>\n

Devrimci hareketlerinin sonraki geli\u015fimi<\/b><\/p>\n

Aral\u0131k 1905\u2019teki silahl\u0131 devrimin yenilgiyle sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, 1906-07 y\u0131llar\u0131nda da devrimci hareketler s\u00fcrer.<\/p>\n

O y\u0131llarda, Ermenistan\u2019da Alaverdi, \u011eapan, \u015eustov ve Saracev\u2019in fabrikalar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ileri haricinde, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli \u00fcretim kurulu\u015flar\u0131, at\u00f6lyeler ve matbaalar da bu harekete d\u00e2hil olur.\u00a0 1906-07 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frenci ve asker n\u00fcmayi\u015fleri de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.<\/p>\n

1905-07 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Rusya\u2019da geni\u015fleyen devrim hareketleriyle k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Ermenistan\u2019da vuku bulanlar hissedilir derecede zay\u0131f olup, daha \u00e7ok Rusya\u2019daki hareketlerin yans\u0131malar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Bu durumun ba\u015fl\u0131ca nedeni, Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n, dikkatini b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda, Ermenilerin toplu katliamlar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi Bat\u0131 Ermenistan \u00fczerinde yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Rus Sosyal Demokrat Partisi, devrim y\u0131llar\u0131nda Rusya\u2019da faal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\u00dcnl\u00fc Ermeni siyaset\u00e7ilerden Stepan \u015eahumyan, Bogdan K\u0131nunyants ve Suren Spandaryan taraf\u0131ndan, daha 1905 y\u0131l\u0131ndan \u00f6nce Ermenistan\u2019da kurulmu\u015f olan Sosyal-Demokrat gruplar, devrim y\u0131llar\u0131nda te\u015fkilatlara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\"Armen<\/a>
Armen Garo (Garegin Past\u0131rmac\u0131yan)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Sosyal Demokrat te\u015fkilatlar\u0131n \u00fcyeleri, partilerinin temel prensiplerine sad\u0131k olarak, hem Do\u011fu Ermenileri, hem de Bat\u0131 Ermenilerinin kurtulu\u015funu, kesin olarak Rus devriminin zaferine ba\u011flamaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Milli sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn benzer perspektifleri, Ermeni halk kitlelerine ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i g\u00f6z\u00fckmedi\u011finden dolay\u0131, Sosyal Demokratlar\u0131n etkisi g\u00f6receli olarak daha zay\u0131ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ermeni toplum hayat\u0131n\u0131n devrim y\u0131llar\u0131nda hareketlenmi\u015f oldu\u011funun bir kan\u0131t\u0131 da, Da\u015fnaktsutyun Partisi taraf\u0131ndan giri\u015filen, Ermeni Kilisesi\u2019nin reform edilmesi denemesiydi. Da\u015fnaktsutyun, katolikos M\u0131k\u0131rti\u00e7 Kh\u0131rimyan\u2019\u0131, 1906 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Ermeni Kilisesi\u2019nin demokratik prensiplerinin yeniden tesisini bildiren bir bildiri yay\u0131nlamaya ikna eder.<\/p>\n

17 A\u011fustos 1906 tarihinde Ecmiadsin\u2019de, 46 mebusun kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla bir toplant\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. Da\u015fnaktsutyun Partisi\u2019nin \u00fcnl\u00fc lideri Simon Zavaryan, toplant\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na se\u00e7ilir. Lakin Kafkasya y\u00f6neticileri, toplant\u0131da yer bulan sert konu\u015fmalardan son derece rahats\u0131z olduklar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 toplant\u0131, 30 A\u011fustos\u2019ta kapatt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1906 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Ocak-Mart aylar\u0131nda, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n en y\u00fcksek organ\u0131 olan Duma\u2019n\u0131n (meclis) se\u00e7imleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Duma, 1906 Nisan\u0131nda yeniden a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Duma\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na kat\u0131lan Ermeni vekiller, Ermeni-Azerbaycanl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 esnas\u0131nda y\u00f6neticilerin k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 faaliyetleriyle ilgili soru \u00f6nergesi verir.<\/p>\n

Bu durum, haliyle y\u00f6neticilerin i\u015fine gelmez. Duma, k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1907 \u015eubat\u0131nda ikinci Duma a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Birincisinde oldu\u011fu gibi, ikinci Duma\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme konusu, tar\u0131m ve k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin sorunlar\u0131yd\u0131. Sosyal-Demokrat vekil Ar\u015fak Zurabyan, Duma\u2019daki \u00e7arl\u0131k d\u00fczenini sert bir \u015fekilde tenkit eden bir konu\u015fma yapar. \u0130kinci Duma da, \u00e7ar II. Nikolay\u2019\u0131n beklentilerine derman olmay\u0131nca da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Rusy\u2019n\u0131n ilk demokratik devrimi, 3 Haziran 1907 ihtilal\u0131yla son bulur.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.findarmenia.com\/arm\/history\/25\/495<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Devrimin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 Rusya\u2019daki ilk burjuva-demokratik devrim, 9 (22) Ocak 1905 tarihinde Peterburg\u2019da bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l g\u00f6steri yapan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00fczerine ate\u015f edilmesiyle ba\u015flar. Devrimin amac\u0131, \u00e7ar\u0131n devrilmesi ve \u00fclkede demokratik rejimin tesis edilmesiydi. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkentinde, i\u015f\u00e7ilere y\u00f6nelik kanl\u0131 katliam, t\u00fcm \u00fclkeyi aya\u011fa kald\u0131r\u0131r. K\u00fctlesel hareketler ba\u015flar. Transkafkasya da m\u00fccadeleye kat\u0131l\u0131r. Ocak-\u015eubat aylar\u0131nda Tiflis ve Bak\u00fc\u2019de s\u00fcrekli grevler yap\u0131l\u0131r. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[65,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34051","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ermenilerin-tarihi","category-haberler"],"yoast_head":"\n90. \u0130lk Rus devrimi y\u0131llar\u0131nda Do\u011fu Ermenistan - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=34051\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"90. \u0130lk Rus devrimi y\u0131llar\u0131nda Do\u011fu Ermenistan - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Devrimin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 Rusya\u2019daki ilk burjuva-demokratik devrim, 9 (22) Ocak 1905 tarihinde Peterburg\u2019da bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l g\u00f6steri yapan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00fczerine ate\u015f edilmesiyle ba\u015flar. Devrimin amac\u0131, \u00e7ar\u0131n devrilmesi ve \u00fclkede demokratik rejimin tesis edilmesiydi. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkentinde, i\u015f\u00e7ilere y\u00f6nelik kanl\u0131 katliam, t\u00fcm \u00fclkeyi aya\u011fa kald\u0131r\u0131r. K\u00fctlesel hareketler ba\u015flar. Transkafkasya da m\u00fccadeleye kat\u0131l\u0131r. Ocak-\u015eubat aylar\u0131nda Tiflis ve Bak\u00fc\u2019de s\u00fcrekli grevler yap\u0131l\u0131r. 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Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=34051","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"90. \u0130lk Rus devrimi y\u0131llar\u0131nda Do\u011fu Ermenistan - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","og_description":"Devrimin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 Rusya\u2019daki ilk burjuva-demokratik devrim, 9 (22) Ocak 1905 tarihinde Peterburg\u2019da bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l g\u00f6steri yapan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00fczerine ate\u015f edilmesiyle ba\u015flar. Devrimin amac\u0131, \u00e7ar\u0131n devrilmesi ve \u00fclkede demokratik rejimin tesis edilmesiydi. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkentinde, i\u015f\u00e7ilere y\u00f6nelik kanl\u0131 katliam, t\u00fcm \u00fclkeyi aya\u011fa kald\u0131r\u0131r. K\u00fctlesel hareketler ba\u015flar. Transkafkasya da m\u00fccadeleye kat\u0131l\u0131r. Ocak-\u015eubat aylar\u0131nda Tiflis ve Bak\u00fc\u2019de s\u00fcrekli grevler yap\u0131l\u0131r. 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