{"id":33654,"date":"2015-02-23T03:06:43","date_gmt":"2015-02-23T08:06:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=33654"},"modified":"2015-02-23T03:06:43","modified_gmt":"2015-02-23T08:06:43","slug":"soykirimin-tamamlayici-unsuru-olarak-yangin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=33654","title":{"rendered":"Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 unsuru olarak \u2018yang\u0131n\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"1916<\/a>Ferda Balancar<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n

\u20181916 Ankara Yang\u0131n\u0131: Felaketin Mant\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019 kitab\u0131n\u0131n yazarlar\u0131 Taylan Esin ve Zeliha Et\u00f6z ile sadece 1916 Ankara Yang\u0131n\u0131\u2019n\u0131 de\u011fil, bir toplum m\u00fchendisli\u011fi y\u00f6ntemi olarak kullan\u0131lan yang\u0131nlar\u0131 ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 konu\u015ftuk.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Ankaral\u0131 Ermenilerin de maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 1915 tehcirinden 1 y\u0131l sonra meydana gelen yang\u0131n\u0131 mercek alt\u0131na alan \u20181916 Ankara Yang\u0131n\u0131: Felaketin Mant\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019, \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019ndan bu hafta \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Taylan Esin ve Ankara \u00dcniversite Siyasal Bilgiler Fak\u00fcltesi\u2019nde \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi olan Do\u00e7. Zeliha Et\u00f6z taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131nan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sadece 1916 Ankara Yang\u0131n\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ele almakla kalm\u0131yor. Kitapta, 1914-18 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Anadolu\u2019nun de\u011fi\u015fik \u015fehirlerinde ya\u015fanan yang\u0131nlar da tarihsel veriler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde inceleniyor. Kitap basit\u00e7e bu soruya yan\u0131t ar\u0131yor: Ankara Yang\u0131n\u0131 ve di\u011fer kentlerdeki yang\u0131nlar, o d\u00f6nemki y\u00f6netiminin n\u00fcfus m\u00fchendisli\u011finin, daha a\u00e7\u0131k konu\u015facak olursak, Ermenileri ve Rumlar\u0131 \u00fclkeden kovma, geri d\u00f6nmeleri engelleme plan\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 m\u0131yd\u0131? \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma, bu soru ve sorun etraf\u0131nda kayda de\u011fer bulgulara ula\u015f\u0131yor.\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n

Kitapta ayr\u0131ca 1915 Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 denilince akla ilk gelen isimlerden biri olan ve Ankara Valili\u011fi\u2019nden \u00f6nce Diyarbak\u0131r Valisi olan Dr. Mehmet Re\u015fit (\u015eahingiray), soyk\u0131r\u0131m s\u00fcrecinin \u00f6nemli akt\u00f6rlerinden biri olan d\u00f6nemin Ankara Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Mustafa Durak (Sakarya) ve Ankara Yang\u0131n\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kaleme alan tek yazar olan Refik Halit Karay ile ilgili ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 biyografik bilgilere de yer veriliyor. Kitab\u0131n ekleri aras\u0131nda, Ankaral\u0131 Katolik Ermenilerin tan\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren telgraf ve dilek\u00e7e \u00f6rnekleri, Garabed Terziyan\u2019\u0131n Ermenice olarak 1969\u2019da Beyrut\u2019ta yay\u0131mlanan \u2018Istanoz Ermenileri Tarihi\u2019 kitab\u0131ndan \u00e7evrilen \u2018H\u00fcz\u00fcnl\u00fc Y\u0131llar: 1915-1921\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm de yer al\u0131yor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6nemli bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve \u00fczerinde bug\u00fcn, kadar ek konu\u015fulmayan bir konu ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yay\u0131z.<\/i><\/p>\n

Kitab\u0131n yazarlar\u0131 Taylan Esin ve Zeliha Et\u00f6z ile sadece 1916 Ankara Yang\u0131n\u0131\u2019n\u0131 de\u011fil, bir toplum m\u00fchendisli\u011fi y\u00f6ntemi olarak kullan\u0131lan yang\u0131nlar\u0131 ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 konu\u015ftuk. \u00a0 <\/i>\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u20181916 Ankara Yang\u0131n\u0131\u2019 kitab\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlama fikri nas\u0131l ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131?<\/b><\/p>\n

Zeliha Et\u00f6z: <\/b>Benim doktora tezim, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l Ankara\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ya\u015fam\u0131 \u00fczerineydi. Tez \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli olarak Public Record Office\u2019te \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m ve o d\u00f6nemde \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin konsolos yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yazd\u0131klar\u0131 raporlarla ilgilenirken, \u00f6zellikle y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n son \u00e7eyre\u011finde vilayetin de\u011fi\u015fik sancak ve kazalar\u0131ndaki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve H\u0131ristiyan n\u00fcfus aras\u0131ndaki gerginlik ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalardan bahseden raporlara rastlad\u0131m, ancak tezimin kapsam\u0131yla do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in onlar\u0131n bir kopyalar\u0131n\u0131 alamad\u0131m. O zamandan, gerek Ankara\u2019ya ili\u015fkin \u2013k\u00f6hne bir orta Anadolu kasabas\u0131- gerekse de kalk\u0131nma meselesine ili\u015fkin \u2013bir burjuva s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da gayrim\u00fcslim bir komprador burjuvazinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131- \u015feklindeki h\u00e2kim ve resm\u00ee g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn \u00e7ok sorunlu oldu\u011fu, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da bunlarla ili\u015fkili di\u011fer temalar\u0131n da dikkatle ve \u00f6zenle ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi kanaati olu\u015fmu\u015ftu bende. Bu kanaatle, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 giri\u015fimlerle i\u015fe ba\u015flamal\u0131y\u0131m derken, Taylan Esin ile ara\u015ft\u0131rma ilgilerimiz uyu\u015ftu ve ortakla\u015ft\u0131; O Ankaral\u0131yd\u0131 ve Ankara\u2019daki ya\u015fam\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015f hallerine ili\u015fkin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ve verilerle ufak \u00e7apl\u0131 da olsa ilgileniyordu. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 olay\u0131m\u0131z, \u00fczerinde spek\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n ve bu nedenle de m\u00fcphemliklerin oldu\u011fu 1916 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki Ankara Yang\u0131n\u0131\u2019yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Taylan Esin:<\/b> Klasik d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in \u00f6zellikle \u0130stanbul yang\u0131nlar\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Hangi d\u00f6nemde ba\u015flar bilmiyorum ama \u2018yang\u0131n destan\u0131\u2019 denilen manzum bir \u2018genre\u2019 vard\u0131r. Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda her \u015fehrin yang\u0131n\u0131, en az\u0131ndan o \u015fehrin ikinci \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ku\u015faklar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bilinir, dedikodu olarak \u00e7e\u015fitlemeleri dola\u015f\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n kundaklama oldu\u011fu da anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Biz sadece herkesin bildi\u011fi bir \u2018s\u0131r\u2019 \u00fczerine ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmaya karar verdik. \u00d6zellikle Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda ba\u015fka \u015fehirlerde de \u2018harik-i kebir\u2019lerin (b\u00fcy\u00fck yang\u0131n) \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenince, daha derinlemesine bakmaya karar verdik. Tehcirin detaylar\u0131 az \u00e7ok biliniyordu ama yang\u0131nlara ili\u015fkin az, ikisi aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiye dairse daha az\u00a0 detay vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6nemin Osmanl\u0131 co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n her yerini, \u0130zmit\u2019ten Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019a kadar saran \u015f\u00fcpheli yang\u0131nlar\u0131n ortak noktas\u0131 neydi?<\/b><\/p>\n

Taylan Esin:<\/b> Bu yang\u0131nlar\u0131n en belirgin ortak \u00f6zelli\u011fi,<\/p>\n

1. Kentlerde veya g\u00f6rece b\u00fcy\u00fck yerle\u015fimlerde meydan gelmesi (bu kay\u0131tlar\u0131n tutulma ve saklanmas\u0131yla da ilgili olabilir).<\/p>\n

2. Genellikle H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n yo\u011funlukta oldu\u011fu mahal(le)lere zarar vermesi.<\/p>\n

3. Diyarbak\u0131r hari\u00e7, resm\u00ee belgelerde yang\u0131nlardaki kas\u0131t unsurunun belirtilmemesi; buna ra\u011fmen, \u00e7o\u011funun kundaklama oldu\u011funun ikincil kaynaklar\/rivayetler dolay\u0131m\u0131yla bilinmesi; yayg\u0131n \u015f\u00fcphe ve M\u00fctareke sonras\u0131 \u015fahsi ba\u015fvurular nedeniyle tahkikata konu olmalar\u0131, ama bunlar\u0131n sonu\u00e7suz kalmas\u0131 veya sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ar\u015fivlerde bulunmamas\u0131 nedeniyle, faillerinin me\u00e7hul olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Zeliha Et\u00f6z:<\/b> Klasik \u00e7a\u011fda yang\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n ve hanelerin yanmas\u0131, tebalara ait mallar\u0131n ya\u011fmalanmas\u0131, padi\u015fah ve vezirler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan korkutucuydu. Yeni\u00e7eriler, yang\u0131n ve ya\u011fmay\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu kez ho\u015fnutsuzluklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in ba\u015flat\u0131r; padi\u015fah\u0131, taleplerini yerine gelmez ve yeterince bah\u015fi\u015f alamazlar ise \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131 ve mahalleleri yakmakla tehdit ederdi. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan sonra ise devletin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 konum de\u011fi\u015fir, art\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda yeni bi\u00e7imlenen modern ulus-devlet vard\u0131r, ancak yeni durum bir yan\u0131yla n\u00fcfusu y\u00f6netilebilir k\u0131lmay\u0131, n\u00fcfus \u00fczerindeki denetimi zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da n\u00fcfusu ba\u015fka ara\u00e7larla denetim alt\u0131na alma yollar\u0131na ba\u015fvurulur. \u00d6rne\u011fin, yerle\u015fikle\u015ftirme, zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7 gibi yerinden etme ve yeniden yerle\u015ftirme olan isk\u00e2n, Abd\u00fclhamid ile \u0130ttihat ve Terakki d\u00f6neminde en yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan ara\u00e7 desek \u00e7ok da yanl\u0131\u015f bir \u015fey s\u00f6ylememi\u015f oluruz. \u0130ddial\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir ancak, yang\u0131nlar da art\u0131k isk\u00e2n politikalar\u0131n\u0131n tamamlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olan bir niteli\u011fe b\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcr gibidir.<\/p>\n

“Yang\u0131n, \u00f6yle san\u0131yoruz ki, emval-i metrukenin payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 konusunda bir ihtilaf g\u00f6stergesidir.”<\/i><\/p>\n

Yang\u0131nlar\u0131 \u0130T y\u00f6neticileri ve yerel y\u00f6neticilerle s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmak do\u011fru mu? Geni\u015f toplumsal kesimlerin ya\u015fananlarda ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkisi vard\u0131r?<\/b><\/p>\n

Taylan Esin: <\/b>G\u00f6rg\u00fc \u015fahitlerinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6neme ait, faillerle ilgili resm\u00ee raporlar\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 beklenemez (tek istisna Diyarbak\u0131r yang\u0131n\u0131d\u0131r). Yang\u0131n\u0131 rapor eden resm\u00ee belgeler, mu\u011flak ve \u00f6rt\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bu durumda, failleri tahmin etmek bile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Elde olan, \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m yapabilece\u011fimiz baz\u0131 ipu\u00e7lar\u0131d\u0131r. E\u015fraf ve ahali ile m\u00fclki amirler, bunlarla \u0130stanbul aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki ve gerilimler, \u00f6nemli verilerdir.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci bir ipucu ise, yang\u0131n\u0131n kendisidir. I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda emval-i metrukenin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 tasfiye edilerek \u0130stanbul\u2019a g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 gasp edildi\u011fi yerdeki binalar\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131na ve tefri\u015fine akm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yang\u0131n ise, \u00f6yle san\u0131yoruz ki, emval-i metrukenin payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 konusunda bir ihtilaf g\u00f6stergesidir. E\u011fer bu tez do\u011fruysa, ihtilafa taraf olan herkes, o karga\u015fa ortam\u0131nda \u201ckald\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131\u201dn\u0131n izini de ortadan kald\u0131rmak isteyen potansiyel birer zanl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Zeliha Et\u00f6z:<\/b> Kald\u0131 ki, Falih R\u0131fk\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yazd\u0131klar\u0131, kom\u015fular\u0131n\u0131n geride kalan mallar\u0131ndan istifade etmese bile, hayat tarz\u0131na g\u0131pta veya hasetle bakan t\u00fcm yurtta\u015flar\u0131n sorumlu olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6sterir. Bir anlamda bir \u2018su\u00e7 ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019ndan s\u00f6z edilebilir, yap\u0131lanlar kadar yap\u0131lmayanlarla da tan\u0131mlayabilece\u011fimiz.<\/p>\n

\u201cK\u00f6hne bir Anadolu kasabas\u0131ndan modern bir ba\u015fkent yaratt\u0131k\u201d s\u00f6ylemi, Cumhuriyet\u2019in ideologlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan s\u0131k s\u0131k kullan\u0131l\u0131r? \u20181916 Ankara Yang\u0131n\u0131\u2019 perspektifinden bu s\u00f6ylemi nas\u0131l de\u011ferlendiriyorsunuz? <\/b><\/p>\n

Zeliha Et\u00f6z:<\/b> Bir kere 19. y\u00fczy\u0131la bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, elbette Avrupa \u015fehirleri \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde de\u011fil ku\u015fkusuz ve elbette \u2018\u00e7\u00f6kmekte olan\u2019 imparatorlu\u011fun sorun ve s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n izini ta\u015f\u0131yor olsa da \u2018Angora\u2019 bir k\u00f6hne Anadolu kasabas\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlanamaz, ancak ad\u0131m ad\u0131m\u2018k\u00f6hnele\u015ftirilmi\u015f\u2019 bir \u015fehir olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir. Sadece \u015fu \u00f6rne\u011fi vermek istiyorum: Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Angora h\u00e2l\u00e2 d\u00fcnya tiftik tekelini elinde bulundurmaktad\u0131r, 1830\u2019lara gelinirken tiftik ke\u00e7isi yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi, as\u0131l tiftik \u00fcreticisi olan Rum ve Ermenilere yasaklan\u0131r; bunun \u00fczerine tiftik \u00fcretimi h\u0131zla d\u00fc\u015fer, sonra yasak kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r, ancak olanlar olmu\u015ftur. Buna benzer daha pek \u00e7ok \u00f6rnek verilebilir. Ya da \u015fehir hayat\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6hne s\u0131fat\u0131na uymayacak nitelikleri hat\u0131rlat\u0131labilir; s\u00f6z gelimi \u015fehir meclisindeki Rum ve Ermenilerin, \u015fehrin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131n merkeze de\u011fil, \u015fehrin geli\u015ftirilmesine ayr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fccadelesini vermeleri gibi. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u2018k\u00f6hne\u2019 s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131n kendisi epeyce de kal\u0131n bir perde vazifesi g\u00f6rmektedir, \u015fehrin ge\u00e7mi\u015fine bakmay\u0131 engelleyen. \u00dcstelik yang\u0131n, \u015fedid idari i\u015flemler ve uygulamalara ra\u011fmen kalan \u2018zenginli\u011fi\u2019 silip s\u00fcp\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kadar, \u2018yok etme\u2019nin izlerini de ortadan kald\u0131rarak bu k\u00f6hne Anadolu kasabas\u0131 tan\u0131mlamas\u0131na bir \u2018ger\u00e7eklik\u2019 kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Taylan Esin: <\/b>Her yeni \u015feyin s\u0131f\u0131rdan imal edilebilece\u011fini, hatta \u00f6yle olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ima eder. Kal\u0131nt\u0131lar \u00fczerine yeni ve umut vadeden bir \u015fey kurulamaz. Tarih, dil, k\u0131l\u0131k-k\u0131yafet vs. Cumhuriyet\u2019in Ankara destan\u0131, bu iddian\u0131n paralelidir. Ancak i\u015fe ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmak istenen a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011fil de, ortaya \u00e7\u0131karma s\u00fcrecinden bak\u0131l\u0131rsa, tahribat, \u015fiddet ve y\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 \u00fczerine ne kurulabilir? Tabii ki, bu tohumun kendi semeresi. Bug\u00fcn i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z, \u015fiddet ve tahrip sarmal\u0131ndan ba\u015fka nedir? Do\u011fa, kad\u0131nlar, \u015fehir, hayvanlar, \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmek isteyen toplum, hatta \u015fiddetin uygulay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 bile, bir zamanlar \u015fiddete maruz kald\u0131, \u015fiddetten ka\u00e7amad\u0131lar, ka\u00e7am\u0131yoruz. S\u0131f\u0131rdan yeni bir \u015feyler \u00fcretilip \u00fcretilemeyece\u011fi bir yana, \u2018s\u0131f\u0131rlama\u2019 faaliyetinin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bi\u00e7im, her zaman bir yan \u00fcr\u00fcn olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor ve varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130T\u2019nin sermayenin millile\u015ftirilmesi politikas\u0131, Cumhuriyet d\u00f6nemine de devrediliyor mu? Cumhuriyetin kurulu\u015f d\u00f6neminde de benzer yang\u0131nlar g\u00f6r\u00fcyor muyuz?<\/b><\/p>\n

Zeliha Et\u00f6z: <\/b>Rumlardan ve Ermenilerden kalan mallar\u0131n \u2018ak\u0131beti\u2019 konusunda 1920 y\u0131l\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak, \u00f6zellikle 1922-1925 aras\u0131ndaki yasal d\u00fczenlemeler as\u0131l olarak hak iddialar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc kesmeyi ama\u00e7l\u0131yordu, ayn\u0131 zamanda da s\u00f6z konusu mallar\u0131n transferini d\u00fczenliyordu, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u2018titiz\u2019 bir \u2018milli mal rejimi\u2019 cumhuriyet kadrolar\u0131nca da benimsenmi\u015fti; \u00f6rne\u011fin U. \u00dcmit \u00dcng\u00f6r ve Mehmet Polatel\u2019in \u2018Confiscation and Destruction\u2019 adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 bu konuda ba\u015fvurulacak kaynaklardan. Ancak ben Ermenilerden ve Rumlardan kalan mallar\u0131n talan\u0131 ve bu talan\u0131n bi\u00e7imleri kadar, onlara ait k\u00fclt\u00fcrel diye nitelendirebilece\u011fimiz de\u011ferlerin bir \u2018kavim k\u0131r\u0131m\u2019a u\u011frat\u0131lmas\u0131, en hafif tabir ile\u00a0 \u2018kendine mal edilmesi\u2019 meselesine de e\u011filmemiz gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n

Taylan Esin:<\/b> \u0130lki i\u00e7in, Nevzat Onaran\u2019\u0131n iki ciltlik ve T. Ak\u00e7am ile \u00dcmit Kurt\u2019un \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u2018Kanunlar\u0131n Ruhu\u2019 an\u0131labilir. \u0130kinci soruya gelince, evet. Ama bu konuda bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yok. Burada \u00fc\u00e7 tip yang\u0131n olabilir: Tehcirden d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fe engel olan yang\u0131nlar, Yunan cephesindeki yang\u0131nlar, Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilan\u0131 ve M\u00fcbadele\u2019den sonra ise gayrim\u00fcslim n\u00fcfusun h\u00e2l\u00e2 bar\u0131nabildi\u011fi \u0130stanbul ve \u0130zmir yang\u0131nlar\u0131.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u015eehir yang\u0131nlar\u0131\u00a0<\/p>\n

(1914-1918)<\/p>\n

Amasya, \u2018Sela\u011fz\u0131\u2019,\u00a012 Mart 1914 ve 21 Temmuz 1915<\/b><\/p>\n

Amasya\u2019da, incelenen d\u00f6nem i\u00e7inde, biri 1914\u2019te tehcirden \u00f6nce, di\u011feri ise tehcir ba\u015flad\u0131ktan sonra (\u201cbo\u015f olan Ermeni evleri\u201d), ayn\u0131 mevkide iki yang\u0131n \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk yang\u0131n\u0131n Sela\u011fz\u0131\u2019nda \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131, ikincinin ise bir taraftan \u201cBayezid ve civar\u0131\u201dna, di\u011fer taraftan Dere Mahallesi\u2019ne kadar yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve 14 mahallede 2.000 evin yand\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir\u00a0<\/p>\n

Kastamonu, Cebrail Mahallesi,\u00a03 May\u0131s 1914<\/b><\/p>\n

Cebrail, Kastamonu\u2019nun gayrim\u00fcslim mahallesidir. Merkezdeki 34 mahalle aras\u0131nda, ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck mahalledir. Yang\u0131n s\u0131ras\u0131nda Kastamonu H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131 hen\u00fcz tehcir edilmemi\u015fti. Kastamonu Cebrail yang\u0131n\u0131, Amasya, Diyarbak\u0131r ya da Ankara gibi ard\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tahribat b\u0131rakmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tokat, \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131,\u00a0May\u0131s 1914 ve Ocak 1916<\/b><\/p>\n

Halis Cinlio\u011flu, \u2018Sivas Folkloru\u2019 dergisinin Ocak 1977 tarihli 48. say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan \u2018Tokat\u2019ta B\u00fcy\u00fck Yang\u0131n Destan\u0131\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makalesinde yr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 verir: \u201c[B]ug\u00fcnk\u00fc Cumhuriyet Meydan\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kaplayan mahalle ve \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131 yand\u0131. … [Y]ang\u0131n SuluSokak a\u011fz\u0131ndan Ali Sabri K\u0131\u015fl\u0131k Sinemas\u0131\u2019na kadar geni\u015f alan\u0131, Tokat\u2019\u0131n en g\u00fczel \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yakt\u0131. …\u201d S\u00f6z\u00fc edilen Sulu Sokak\u2019\u0131n, Ermeni yerle\u015fimine yak\u0131n ve Ermeni zanaatk\u00e2rlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlukta oldu\u011fu bir ticaret merkezi oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. 2.1.1916\u2019da \u201c\u0130ki kap\u0131l\u0131 basmac\u0131 han\u0131, iki ev ve baz\u0131 d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar\u201d yanar. Tahribat \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Diyarbak\u0131r, Hububat Pazar\u0131,\u00a019 A\u011fustos 1914<\/b><\/p>\n

En iyi belgelenmi\u015f ve en b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u0131k\u0131ma neden olmu\u015f yang\u0131nlardan birisidir. Bu yang\u0131nda devlet g\u00f6revlilerinin ihmal, suistimal, hatta kast\u0131 olmas\u0131 ihtimali, h\u00fck\u00fcmet\u00e7e sorgulanm\u0131\u015f; vilayete Dahiliye Nezareti\u2019nden g\u00f6nderilen 3.9.1914 tarihli telgrafta, yang\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hububat Pazar\u0131\u2019ndaki gece bek\u00e7ilerinin vazifelerini yapmamalar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden yang\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, mallar\u0131n\u0131 kurtarmak i\u00e7in M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara kolayl\u0131k g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi halde H\u0131ristiyan ma\u011faza sahiplerine m\u00fcsaade olunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, polis komiseri Memduh Bey\u2019in bilhassa Ermenilerin mallar\u0131n\u0131 emniyete almalar\u0131n\u0131 men etti\u011fi ve K\u00fcrtlerle M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n Ermeni ma\u011fazalar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u011fma etmelerine m\u00fcsaade olundu\u011fu ve nizami ordu askerlerinin de buna i\u015ftirak ettikleri halde zabitleri taraf\u0131ndan engel olunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirildi\u011finden yang\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imi ile devam etti\u011fi esnada ihbar olunan ahvalin vuku bulup bulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na tahkikat\u0131 istenmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Edirne, Kalei\u00e7i, 24 A\u011fustos 1914<\/b><\/p>\n

Yang\u0131n, Rumlara kar\u015f\u0131 y\u0131ld\u0131rma politikas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 May\u0131s 1914 ile Almanya ile yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler sonucu \u201cRumlar\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn kesin olarak yasakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Rumlara y\u00f6nelik zul\u00fcmlerin durdu\u011fu tarih\u201d olan 22.10.1914 aras\u0131nda olmu\u015ftur. \u0130lk Rum g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn Edirne Vilayeti\u2019nden ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Talat Pa\u015fa meclis konu\u015fmas\u0131nda dile getirir. Edirne\u2019nin merkez kasabas\u0131nda daha sonra da yang\u0131nlar \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Band\u0131rma, Preme karyesi (Kapuda\u011f), 30 Haziran 1915<\/b><\/p>\n

566 hanede oturan 2.500 n\u00fcfusun t\u00fcm\u00fc Rum idi. Preme\u2019nin nahiye merkezi oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. Kapuda\u011f\u2019daki 26.000 n\u00fcfusun 21.500\u2019\u00fc Rum, 3.700\u2019\u00fc T\u00fcrk, kalan\u0131 \u00c7erkez ve Ermeni idi.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Bursa, Orhangazi, Yenik\u00f6y karyesi, 23\/24 A\u011fustos 1915<\/b><\/p>\n

Yang\u0131n tehcirden sonra \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. B\u00f6lgede yang\u0131nlar 1916\u2019da da devam eder: H\u00fcdavendig\u00e2r Vilayeti\u2019ne \u00e7ekilen, 12.7.1916 tarihli Dahiliye Nezareti \u015fifresinde \u201cArmudlu taraflar\u0131nda harike delalet eden bir ate\u015f buradan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Harik olub olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcratle tetkik ve inbas\u0131\u201d istenir.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0130zmit, Ermeni Mahallesi,\u00a027 A\u011fustos 1915<\/b><\/p>\n

Mutasarr\u0131f\u2019\u0131n kentte olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir s\u0131rada, asli\u00a0
\nbir g\u00f6revi olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmedi\u011fimiz \u0130zmit Emlak-\u0131 Metruke Komisyon Reisi taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6nderilen ikinci telgrafta, yang\u0131n\u0131n gittik\u00e7e \u015fiddetlenerek geni\u015fli\u011fini art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131, s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n yetersizli\u011fi nedeniyle yard\u0131m edilmesi istenmektedir. Ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn \u00e7ekilen ba\u015fka bir telgrafta, yang\u0131n\u0131n tahminen alt\u0131 y\u00fcz hane yand\u0131ktan sonra s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u0130zmit tehcirinin Ankara ile yak\u0131n tarihlerde, Temmuz 1915\u2019te ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin ediliyor. 19.8.1915 tarihli Alman muhaberat\u0131nda, \u0130zmit\u2019teki Katolik Ermenilerin, \u201cdi\u011ferleriyle\u201d (=? Gregoryen) beraber tehcir edildi\u011fi belirtilir. Eyl\u00fcl ba\u015f\u0131nda mutasarr\u0131fl\u0131ktan gelen \u015fifrede, \u0130zmit\u2019te Ermeni kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r. Ermeni mahallesi, tehcirden (veya yand\u0131ktan) sonra, \u2018Talat Bey\u2019 ve \u2018Mazhar Bey\u2019 mahallesi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan iki par\u00e7aya b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr, sonraki ad\u0131 Kozluk\u2019tur.<\/p>\n

Ha\u00e7in (Saimbeyli), 3 Ekim 1915<\/b><\/p>\n

Kilise kay\u0131tlar\u0131na g\u00f6re, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Ermeni ve Katolik olan kazada, Pazar g\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6\u011fleden sonra ba\u015flayan yang\u0131n, 3 saatte iki bin ev, be\u015f kilise, birka\u00e7 okul ve 150 kadar d\u00fckk\u00e2n\u0131n k\u00fcl olmas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r. Rivayete g\u00f6re, Ha\u00e7in\u2019i, Talat Bey\u2019in talimat\u0131yla M\u00fcft\u00fco\u011flu \u0130zzet, yang\u0131n tulumbalar\u0131na gazya\u011f\u0131 doldurtup evlerin \u00fczerine p\u00fcsk\u00fcrterek yakt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Band\u0131rma, Ermeni Karyesi, Mart 1917<\/b><\/p>\n

Kaymakam Vekili\u2019nden Dahiliye Nezareti\u2019ne \u00e7ekilen \u015fifrede, \u201cBu gece Band\u0131rman\u0131n Ermeni karyesinde yang\u0131n zuhur ederek y\u00fcz\u00fc m\u00fctecaviz hanenin harik olduklar\u0131 Band\u0131rma Kaymakaml\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019ndan i\u015far oldu\u011fu ve harikin esbab-\u0131 zuhuru hakk\u0131nda tahkikat icras\u0131 l\u00fczumunun mahalline tebli\u011f edildi\u011fi…\u201d ifade ediliyor.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ayval\u0131k, Nisan-A\u011fustos 1917<\/b><\/p>\n

5. Ordu Ba\u015fkumandan Vekili\u2019nden Dahiliye Nezareti\u2019ne g\u00f6nderilen 12.8.1917 tarihli 17. Kolordu Kumandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 raporunda, Ayval\u0131k\u2019ta \u00e7\u0131kan yang\u0131n\u0131n \u201c… Ayval\u0131k\u2019daki cihet-i askeriyeye ait zeytin ya\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 nakletmek \u00fczere gelen arabac\u0131lar[\u0131n]… sabunhane- i askeriye civar\u0131nda k\u00e2in emval-i metrukeden bo\u015f bir kahvehanede yakd\u0131klar\u0131 ate\u015ften zuhur etti\u011fi…\u201d belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Gelibolu, 18 Nisan 1917<\/b><\/p>\n

Yang\u0131n, \u201c\u015fehr-i halin 18. gecesi … dakik [=un] fabrikas\u0131yla y\u00fcz\u00fc m\u00fctecaviz haneyi ihrak …\u201d etmi\u015ftir. Gelibolu Rumlar\u0131, Haziran- Eyl\u00fcl 1914 ve Mart 1915\u2019te tehcir edilmi\u015fti.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Erdek, 27 A\u011fustos 1917\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Erdek\u2019deki 1914\u2019te 30 bin olan Rum n\u00fcfusu, 1915\u2019te 11.500\u2019e inmi\u015fti. \u00d6nce tehcir, sonra da yang\u0131n sonucu, 1915\u2019te \u201cordunun… \u015fiddet-i ihtiyac\u0131 bulundu\u011fundan \u015farap imalinden sarf-\u0131 nazarla pekmez imal ettirilmesi\u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen kaza, \u201chak ile yeksan\u201d olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Tirebolu, 1917<\/b><\/p>\n

Kasaban\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te ikisini yakan ve 1917\u2019de oldu\u011fu tahmin edilen Tirebolu yang\u0131n\u0131ndan, bir\u00e7ok kaynak, 37. Kafkas F\u0131rka Komutan\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda Topal Osman\u2019\u0131n i\u015f orta\u011f\u0131 Hac\u0131 Hamdi Bey\u2019i sorumlu tutar. Hamdi, Harp Divan\u0131\u2019na verilen Osman\u2019\u0131 kay\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve yatakl\u0131k da etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul, Fatih, 31 May\u0131s 1918<\/b><\/p>\n

1914-18 d\u00f6neminin en b\u00fcy\u00fck yang\u0131n\u0131 7.500 binay\u0131 yakan ve 31 May\u0131s 1918\u2019de ba\u015flayan Cibali-Fatih-Alt\u0131mermer yang\u0131n\u0131d\u0131r. Asl\u0131nda 1916 itibariyle suri\u00e7i yang\u0131n mahallerini g\u00f6steren haritaya bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da, 1918 Yang\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ncesi tarihi yar\u0131madadaki en y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 yang\u0131nlar\u0131n Aksaray, Fatih ve Karag\u00fcmr\u00fck civar\u0131nda meydana geldi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/tr\/yazi\/10657\/soykirimin-tamamlayici-unsuru-olarak-yangin<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ferda Balancar \u20181916 Ankara Yang\u0131n\u0131: Felaketin Mant\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019 kitab\u0131n\u0131n yazarlar\u0131 Taylan Esin ve Zeliha Et\u00f6z ile sadece 1916 Ankara Yang\u0131n\u0131\u2019n\u0131 de\u011fil, bir toplum m\u00fchendisli\u011fi y\u00f6ntemi olarak kullan\u0131lan yang\u0131nlar\u0131 ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 konu\u015ftuk. Ankaral\u0131 Ermenilerin de maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 1915 tehcirinden 1 y\u0131l sonra meydana gelen yang\u0131n\u0131 mercek alt\u0131na alan \u20181916 Ankara Yang\u0131n\u0131: Felaketin Mant\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019, \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019ndan bu hafta […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44,1,54,71,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33654","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ermeni-soykirimi","category-haberler","category-kitaplar-elestiriler","category-mulakatlar","category-tarih-sayfalari"],"yoast_head":"\nSoyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 unsuru olarak \u2018yang\u0131n\u2019 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=33654\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 unsuru olarak \u2018yang\u0131n\u2019 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ferda Balancar \u20181916 Ankara Yang\u0131n\u0131: Felaketin Mant\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019 kitab\u0131n\u0131n yazarlar\u0131 Taylan Esin ve Zeliha Et\u00f6z ile sadece 1916 Ankara Yang\u0131n\u0131\u2019n\u0131 de\u011fil, bir toplum m\u00fchendisli\u011fi y\u00f6ntemi olarak kullan\u0131lan yang\u0131nlar\u0131 ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 konu\u015ftuk. 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