{"id":33411,"date":"2015-02-09T03:39:44","date_gmt":"2015-02-09T08:39:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=33411"},"modified":"2015-02-09T03:39:44","modified_gmt":"2015-02-09T08:39:44","slug":"ermenice-el-yazma-kitaplar-amedi-anlatiyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=33411","title":{"rendered":"Ermenice el yazma kitaplar Amed\u2019i anlat\u0131yor"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Amed<\/a>Vahakn Ke\u015fi\u015fyan<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n

17. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u2019da Amed, yani Diyarbak\u0131r, Ermenice elyazma kitaplar\u0131 ile \u00fcnl\u00fcyd\u00fc. Hatta bir \u201cAmed Okulu\u201dndan bile bahsedebiliyoruz. Ve bu kitaplar, Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019\u0131n o d\u00f6nemki tarihi hakk\u0131nda bize \u00e7ok \u015feyler s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Arkada\u015f\u0131m\u0131z Vahakn Ke\u015fi\u015fyan, i\u015fte bu \u00e7ok k\u0131ymetli el yazmalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapan Anu\u015f Sargsyan\u2019la konu\u015ftu. Yerevan\u2019daki Mesrop Ma\u015fdots Madenataran\u2019daki el yazmalar\u0131 ar\u015fivinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Anu\u015f, bize el yazmalar biliminin i\u00e7inden 17. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n Diyarbak\u0131r\u0131\u2019n\u0131, Amed\u2019i anlat\u0131yor. S\u00f6z\u00fc Anu\u015f\u2019a b\u0131rak\u0131yoruz.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cEl yazmalar\u0131, Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019da yap\u0131lan kitaplard\u0131r ve \u00f6zel geleneklere sahip olan okullarda ve yazma evlerinde \u00fcretilirdi. El yazmas\u0131 kitaplar, de\u011fi\u015fik ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in \u00fcretilse de, genellikle kiliselerde kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Kiliselerdeki rahipler, g\u00fczel el yazmas\u0131 kitaplara sahip olmak isterlerdi, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu bir t\u00fcr \u015ferefe sahip olmak anlam\u0131na gelirdi. El yazmalar\u0131, kiliselere hediye vermek ya da bir hat\u0131ra b\u0131rakmak i\u00e7in de sipari\u015f edilirdi. \u00d6rne\u011fin Kud\u00fcs\u2019e hacca gitme s\u0131ras\u0131nda en onur verici hediye, bir el yazmas\u0131 olurdu genellikle.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Bir el yazmas\u0131 kitap meydana getirmek, maliyetli bir zanaatt\u0131. Dereler, renkler ve minyat\u00fcrlerde kullan\u0131lan alt\u0131n, bir el yazmas\u0131 sipari\u015fini herkesin yapamayaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyordu. Bu sebeple, genellikle kiliselerde ve manast\u0131rlarda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma. Ama Halep ve Amed \u015fehirleri, bu konuda \u00f6zel bir konuma sahiptiler. \u015eehir i\u00e7indeki kiliselere ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6zel \u201cyazar evleri\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan mek\u00e2nlarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bunun i\u00e7in de el yazmalar\u0131, kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc gelene\u011fe uygun bir bi\u00e7imde yaz\u0131l\u0131p \u00e7izilirdi. Amed\u2019de yap\u0131lan el yazmalar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan renk, tarz ve karakter, di\u011fer yerlerde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f el yazmalar\u0131ndan kolayca ay\u0131rt edilebilirdi.<\/p>\n

Bir el yazmas\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlamak, alt\u0131 aydan bir y\u0131la kadar, hatta \u00e7ok daha uzun da s\u00fcrebilirdi. Mesela Kud\u00fcs\u2019teki Aziz Hagop Manast\u0131r\u0131\u2019na hediye olarak sipari\u015f verilen \u0130ncil\u2019in yap\u0131lmas\u0131 tam on y\u0131l s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, 1622\u2019den 1632\u2019ye kadar.<\/p>\n

Amed Okulu 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda \u015fekillenmi\u015f, 17. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131nda alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ve 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131na kadar devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f. \u015eimdiye kadar ke\u015ffedilmi\u015f Amed Okulu\u2019na ait 100\u2019den fazla el yazmas\u0131 sayabiliriz.<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u201cAmed bir kav\u015fak noktas\u0131yd\u0131..\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n

El yazmalar\u0131, geleneksel olarak kolofonlarla (colophons) ekli olurlar. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde, el yazmas\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131m hik\u00e2yesi anlat\u0131l\u0131r; yazar\u0131n ne zaman yazm\u0131\u015f, ne zaman bitirmi\u015f oldu\u011fu tarihler hat\u0131rlan\u0131r, mek\u00e2nlar, kim i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu, kimin taraf\u0131ndan sipari\u015f edildi\u011fi ve yaz\u0131m zaman\u0131nda ge\u00e7en \u00f6nemli tarihi olaylar belirtilir. Kolofonlar, b\u00f6ylece \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli tarih kaynaklar\u0131 h\u00e2line gelir. Bu kaynaklardan yararlanarak t\u00fcm bir \u00e7a\u011fa a\u00e7\u0131labiliriz. Kolofonlarda siyasi ve ekonomik durumlar anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, Amed\u2019de yaz\u0131lan el yazmalar\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, ayn\u0131 zamanda Amed\u2019in tarihini de ara\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f oluruz. Mesela, 1624\u2019te Amed tehlikede oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, mezar ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak surlar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirildi\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenebiliriz.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Amed Okulu, 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda \u015fekillenmi\u015f, 17. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131nda alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ve 18. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Son d\u00f6nemlerde bas\u0131l\u0131 kitaplar\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte el yazmalar\u0131 rollerini kaybetmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, ama gelene\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmak isteyenler Amed Okulu\u2019nu bir s\u00fcre daha devam ettirmi\u015fler. Tabii ki bas\u0131l\u0131 kitaplar\u0131 da toplam\u0131\u015flar, ama el yazmalar\u0131 de\u011ferini hi\u00e7bir zaman kaybetmemi\u015f. \u015eimdiye kadar ke\u015ffedilmi\u015f Amed Okulu\u2019na ait 100\u2019den fazla el yazmas\u0131n\u0131 sayabiliriz.<\/p>\n

Bir\u00e7ok el yazmas\u0131 merkezi olmu\u015f tarihte. Onlar aras\u0131nda Amed\u2019i e\u015fsiz k\u0131lan bir\u00e7ok \u00f6zelli\u011fi var. Amed\u2019deki gelenek, ge\u00e7 Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019da geli\u015fmi\u015f ve Bat\u0131\u2019dan etkilenmi\u015ftir. \u0130stanbul ve Amed aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ba\u011f\u0131n simgesi olarak g\u00f6rebiliriz bu el yazmalar\u0131n\u0131. Di\u011fer taraftan, \u0130ran\u2019a yak\u0131n oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, Culfa Okulu\u2019yla da ba\u011flar\u0131 olmu\u015f ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ili\u015fkiler olduk\u00e7a geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece Amed Okulu, ikisinin aras\u0131nda bir sentez yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Burada, sadece el yazmalar\u0131 \u00fcretilmemi\u015f, ayn\u0131 zamanda di\u011fer okullarda haz\u0131rlanan el yazmalar\u0131n\u0131 onarmak ve ciltlemek i\u00e7in de \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bu sebeple ba\u015fka yerlerden gelen bir\u00e7ok el yazmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcp inceleme f\u0131rsatlar\u0131 olmu\u015f.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm kolofonlarda Amed, Mezopotamya Ermenilerinin ba\u015fkenti olarak an\u0131l\u0131r, Piskoposluk oraya yerle\u015fmi\u015ftir ve kav\u015faklar noktas\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. \u0130stanbul\u2019dan Do\u011fu\u2019ya gitmek i\u00e7in Amed\u2019den ge\u00e7ilirdi, hatta Halep\u2019e, yani g\u00fcneye ve Kud\u00fcs\u2019e gitmek i\u00e7in yine Amed\u2019den ge\u00e7ilirdi. Van, E\u00e7miyadzin, yani T\u00fcm Ermenilerin Katolikoslu\u011fu yolu da Amed\u2019den ge\u00e7erdi. Bu yollarda Amed\u2019den hediyeler al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, el yazmalar\u0131na talep artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Mesela E\u00e7miadzin Katolikosu Pilibbos (1632-1655) Kud\u00fcs\u2019e giderken, Amed\u2019den ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve birlikte getirdi\u011fi \u0130ncil\u2019i tamir ve minyat\u00fcrleri yeniletmek i\u00e7in Amed Okulu\u2019na teslim etmi\u015fti. Bu el yazmas\u0131, \u015fimdi Yerevan\u2019daki Madenatar\u2019\u0131n ar\u015fivinde.<\/p>\n

Amed Okulu\u2019nun geli\u015fmesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck rol oynayan, elbette yazarlard\u0131r. Bu yazarlar aras\u0131nda Hovannes \u015eidag, \u011eugas Ge\u011fetsi, Srabyon Urhayetsi (ki sonra Katolikos olmu\u015f), Parse\u011f Ardzruni (ki k\u0131rk y\u0131l boyunca Amed Ba\u015fpiskoposu olmu\u015f) gibi \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli isimler vard\u0131r. Amed Okulu\u2019nun geli\u015fmesinde, kiliseyi koruyan ve maliyetleri kar\u015f\u0131layan Ermeni t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n da b\u00fcy\u00fck rol\u00fc olmu\u015f.<\/p>\n

Topkap\u0131 M\u00fczesi\u2019ndeki Amed El yazmas\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

Amed\u2019de yaz\u0131lan y\u00fczden fazla el yazmas\u0131ndan sadece 40\u2019\u0131 bug\u00fcn Madenataran ar\u015fivinde yer al\u0131yor. Gerisi, d\u00fcnyadaki de\u011fi\u015fik ar\u015fivlere ve m\u00fczelere da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumda: \u0130rlanda\u2019daki Chester Beatty K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi\u2019nde, British Museum\u2019da, Venedik\u2019teki ve Viyana\u2019daki M\u0131hitaryanlar ar\u015fivinde, Kud\u00fcs\u2019te, Petersburg\u2019da, Halep\u2019te, Berlin\u2019de ve Vatikan\u2019\u0131n k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerinde\u2026 Bir el yazmas\u0131 da \u0130stanbul Topkap\u0131 M\u00fczesi\u2019nde bulunuyor. 1625\u2019te haz\u0131rlanan bu el yazmas\u0131n\u0131n, Hovannes \u015eirag taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve \u00e7izilmi\u015f oldu\u011fu tahmin ediliyor. E\u011fer Hovannes \u015eirag\u2019a ait oldu\u011fu tespit edilirse, hayat\u0131nda yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu 25 eserden sonuncusu olacak. \u00dczerinde yaln\u0131zca \u201cHovannes\u201d yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, bu eserle ilgili tart\u0131\u015fmalar devam ediyor. Derin minyat\u00fcr ve tarz incelemesinden ge\u00e7mesi gerekiyor ki, Amed Okulu\u2019na ait olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verilebilsin.<\/p>\n

Topkap\u0131 M\u00fczesi\u2019nde ba\u015fka bir\u00e7ok Ermeni el yazmalar\u0131 da var. \u00dcnl\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Sirarpi Der Nersisyan, bunlar\u0131 listelemi\u015f zaman\u0131nda. El yazmalar\u0131ndan birisinin Hovannes \u015eirag\u2019a ait oldu\u011funu, Hamazasp Voskyan\u2019\u0131n 1967\u2019de haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 listelerden biliyoruz. Ayn\u0131 listede ba\u015fka bir Amed Okulu el yazmas\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yazsa da ba\u015fka bir bilgi verilmemi\u015f.<\/p>\n

Eminim, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin de\u011fi\u015fik yerlerinde daha bir\u00e7ok Ermeni el yazmas\u0131 var; belki ba\u015fka Amed el yazmalar\u0131 da vard\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc sonu\u00e7ta, insanlar bu kitaplar\u0131n de\u011ferini biliyorlar ve yok etmektense, saklay\u0131p korumu\u015flar. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir\u00e7ok yerine ula\u015fan Anadolu ve Kilikya\u2019da yaz\u0131lan bu el yazmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu, bu insanlar taraf\u0131ndan korunmu\u015f ve bir g\u00fcn sat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Hik\u00e2yelerini bildi\u011fimiz bir\u00e7ok el yazmas\u0131n\u0131n \u0130stanbul\u2019dan ge\u00e7ti\u011fini de biliyoruz mesela… Ya orada ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen a\u00e7\u0131k artt\u0131rmalarla ya da gizli sat\u0131\u015flarla Avrupa\u2019ya ula\u015fm\u0131\u015flar.<\/p>\n

Bu kurtar\u0131lan el yazmalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u00fcnl\u00fc bir hik\u00e2ye var. Amed\u2019e yak\u0131n \u00c7ermug\u2019da (\u00c7ermik) 1921\u2019de 50 kuru\u015fa sat\u0131n al\u0131nan bir el yazmas\u0131n\u0131n hik\u00e2yesi. Amed\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 olan \u00c7\u00fcng\u00fc\u015f Kilisesi\u2019nde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bu \u0130ncil, bug\u00fcn Kud\u00fcs\u2019te bulunuyor. Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak istersek, tam da o g\u00fcnlerde \u00fcnl\u00fc Danimarkal\u0131 Karen Jeppe, Suriye \u00e7\u00f6llerinden Ermeni yetimleri topluyordu ve bir yetime kar\u015f\u0131 1 kuru\u015f \u00f6deme yap\u0131yordu. Yani Amed Okulu\u2019na ait bu el yazmas\u0131, 50 yetimi kurtarma pahas\u0131na kurtulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Amed Okulu\u2019nu benzersiz k\u0131lan \u00f6zellikler <\/b><\/p>\n

Amed Okulu tarihinin \u00e7ok boyutlu incelenmesi, 17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda b\u00f6lgedeki Ermenilerin ve genel olarak b\u00f6lgenin ve \u015fehrin tarihini ayd\u0131nlatacakt\u0131r. 17. y\u00fczy\u0131la dair \u00e7ok kayna\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yok, Amed Okulu \u00f6nemli kaynakt\u0131r bu anlamda. Minyat\u00fcrler ve kolofonlar sayesinde, s\u00f6z konusu okulun var oldu\u011fu zamana dair yorumlara ula\u015fmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Amed Okulu\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 bir s\u00fcr\u00fc ayd\u0131n\u0131n da hayat\u0131 hakk\u0131nda da bilgi edinebiliyoruz; bu ayd\u0131nlardan Amedli Minas\u2019\u0131 \u00f6zel olarak hat\u0131rlamak gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Amed Okulu, bir\u00e7ok yenilik getirmi\u015ftir el yazmalar\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131na. Bunlardan biri, 1601 y\u0131l\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanan Hamarod Asdvadza\u015fun\u00e7 (\u00d6zl\u00fc \u0130ncil) olarak bilinen el yazmas\u0131d\u0131r. Soya\u011fac\u0131 resimleriyle \u015fekillendirilen el yazmas\u0131, paralel tarihler olarak \u0130ncil hik\u00e2yelerinden olu\u015fmakta ve t\u00fcm el yazmalardan de\u011fi\u015fik bi\u00e7imde, yandan de\u011fil de \u00fcstten a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Amed\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman, bu eserin bir terc\u00fcme oldu\u011funu bilmiyorlard\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc 1367-77 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ilk kez Ermeniceye \u00e7evrilen orijinalin \u00fcst\u00fcnden kopyalarak yeniliyorlard\u0131. \u015eimdi biliyoruz ki, bu \u00e7ok \u00fcnl\u00fc 12. y\u00fczy\u0131la ait Poitierli Pierre\u2019in (Pierre de Poitiers, 1130 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Poitier \u015fehrinde do\u011fmu\u015f \u00fcnl\u00fc din adam\u0131) \u2018Compendium historiae in genealogia Christi\u2019 adl\u0131 eseridir. Demek ki, bu eski eser, 4 y\u00fczy\u0131l sonra Amed\u2019de yenilenmi\u015f ve ilahiyat\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131nda yeniden yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Yay\u0131ld\u0131 diyoruz, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Amed\u2019in versiyonundan ba\u015fka yerlerde 15 el yazmas\u0131n\u0131n kopyaland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, b\u00f6ylece bir el yazmalar\u0131 grubu olu\u015ftu\u011funu biliyoruz.<\/p>\n

Bir ba\u015fka \u00f6zellik de, Amed Okulu\u2019nun bir a\u011f \u00fczerinde kurulmu\u015f olmas\u0131. Amed\u2019in merkezine ba\u011fl\u0131 bir\u00e7ok yerde de el yazmas\u0131 at\u00f6lyeleri olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Bunlardan en \u00f6nemlileri \u00c7\u00fcng\u00fc\u015f ve Mu\u015f\u2019taki Aziz Garabet Manast\u0131r\u0131\u2019d\u0131r. Mu\u015f\u2019ta haz\u0131rlanan bir el yazmas\u0131n\u0131n Amed\u2019e ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00fcnl\u00fc bir hik\u00e2yesi var. Mu\u015f\u2019taki Aziz Garabet, \u015fehirden uzak oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, sald\u0131r\u0131lara u\u011frard\u0131 ve rahipler el yazmalar\u0131n\u0131 yerin alt\u0131na g\u00f6merlerdi. Sonra durum d\u00fczelince, yere g\u00f6m\u00fclen el yazmalar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rlard\u0131. Bu s\u0131rada bir\u00e7ok el yazmas\u0131 y\u0131pran\u0131rd\u0131. Bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131ndan bir tanesi, 13. y\u00fczy\u0131la ait Hetum\u2019un \u0130ncili, 1574 tarihinde onar\u0131m i\u00e7in merkeze, Amed\u2019e getirilmi\u015f. El yazmas\u0131n\u0131n kolofunundan \u00f6\u011freniyoruz ki, onar\u0131mc\u0131 hastalan\u0131yor ve hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n el yazmas\u0131ndan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 san\u0131p, i\u015fi b\u0131rak\u0131yor. Sonra, Amed Ba\u015fpiskoposu Parse\u011f, onar\u0131mc\u0131ya fazla \u00f6deme yaparak i\u015fini tamamlamas\u0131 i\u00e7in ikna ediyor ve sonunda Hetum \u0130ncili, tekrar Aziz Garabet\u2019e d\u00f6n\u00fcyor. Bu el yazmas\u0131, 1915 tehciri s\u0131ras\u0131nda kurtulan ve elden ele E\u00e7miadzin\u2019e getirilen el yazmalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. Bug\u00fcn ise, Madenatar\u2019\u0131n ar\u015fivindedir.<\/p>\n

Amed Okulu\u2019nun bir \u00f6nemi de, Ermeni yazarlar\u0131n Ermenice d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki dillerde de yazm\u0131\u015f ve el yazmalar\u0131 haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131. Bu da Amed\u2019in \u00e7okk\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc yap\u0131s\u0131 hakk\u0131nda ipucu veriyor. Kolofonlardan birinde, ba\u015fyazar\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 hakk\u0131nda s\u00f6yledi\u011fi s\u00f6zlerden biliyoruz k, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Osmanl\u0131ca, Arap\u00e7a ve Fars\u00e7a \u00e7ok iyi yazan biriydi. Bu bizim i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir tarihi referans. Tabii ki, bu konuyu daha iyi anlamak i\u00e7in, \u00e7ok daha derin ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara ve kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalara ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var. Mesela, bizim i\u00e7in S\u00fcryanice el yazmalar\u0131na ula\u015fmak daha kolay; bu da g\u00f6steriyor ki, Amed\u2019deki S\u00fcryani Okulu da \u00e7ok geli\u015fmi\u015f, ama Ermeniceyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131nca birbirinden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Ermenilerin S\u00fcryanice el yazmalar\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 sanm\u0131yoruz. Tahminen, yazarlar maddi gelir i\u00e7in ba\u015fka diller \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flar; sonu\u00e7ta Yak\u0131n Do\u011fu\u2019dan ve Mezopotamya\u2019dan bahsediyoruz ve diller ne kadar farkl\u0131 olmu\u015f olsa da, birbirinden etkilenen k\u00fclt\u00fcrler s\u00f6z konusu.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Bir \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n tan\u0131klar\u0131…<\/b><\/p>\n

El yazmalar\u0131 bilimi, kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir tarih\u00e7ilik dal\u0131d\u0131r. Mesela Ermenistan\u2019da art\u0131k \u00e7e\u015fitli ara\u015ft\u0131rma burslar\u0131 var, ara\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in seyahat burslar\u0131 ya da ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc destekler veriliyor. Ama mesela bizim i\u00e7in bir m\u00fczeden, bir el yazmas\u0131n\u0131n sayfas\u0131n\u0131n kopyas\u0131n\u0131 almak bile \u00e7ok zor. Sanki el yazmas\u0131 tarih\u00e7ileri, herhangi bir kategoriye yerle\u015ftirilemiyorlar. Bu nedenle, mesela Amed Okulu\u2019nu ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken, 10\u2019dan fazla yere, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt yan\u0131na yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f el yazmalar\u0131na ula\u015fmak \u00e7ok zor. Chester Beatty\u2019deki Amed el yazmas\u0131n\u0131 incelemek i\u00e7in Kalust G\u00fclbenkyan Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Fonu\u2019ndan yararlanma \u015fans\u0131m oldu; orada ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m iki el yazmas\u0131ndan o kadar \u00e7ok bilgi edindim ki, Amed Okulu hakk\u0131nda tahayy\u00fcllerim t\u00fcm\u00fcyle de\u011fi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Binlerce el yazmas\u0131n\u0131n kaybolmas\u0131na, tahrip ve imha edilmesine ra\u011fmen geride kalan miras, yok olan bir uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tan\u0131klar\u0131 olarak bize ula\u015fmaktalar.<\/p>\n

Karekin Srvantsdyants\u2019\u0131n 1870\u2019lerde Anadolu\u2019yu gezerek, el yazmalar\u0131n\u0131 listelemesi sayesinde biliyoruz ki, Amed\u2019de o zaman 92 el yazmas\u0131 bulunuyordu. Bu listenin yaln\u0131zca 15\u2019i bize ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f, di\u011ferleri soyk\u0131r\u0131m zaman\u0131nda kaybolan k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn bir par\u00e7as\u0131.<\/p>\n

Biz Amed Okulu\u2019nu ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken, bu kaybolan k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir ger\u00e7e\u011fini yeniden canland\u0131rarak, tamamen kaybolmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yoruz. Bug\u00fcn Surp Sarkis Kilisesi var olmasa da, umutlanarak Surp Giragos Kilisesi\u2019ne bak\u0131yoruz. E\u011fer, Surp Giragos Kilisesi, Amed\u2019de var olan Ermeni ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir tan\u0131\u011f\u0131ysa, di\u011fer \u00f6nemli tan\u0131klar; Amed\u2019de yaz\u0131l\u0131p \u00e7izilen, haz\u0131rlanan bug\u00fcne kadar elimize ula\u015fan bu el yazmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Biz 400 y\u0131l sonra, onlar sayesinde, o \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yoruz.\u201d<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/tr\/yazi\/10510\/ermenice-el-yazma-kitaplar-amedi-anlatiyor<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vahakn Ke\u015fi\u015fyan 17. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u2019da Amed, yani Diyarbak\u0131r, Ermenice elyazma kitaplar\u0131 ile \u00fcnl\u00fcyd\u00fc. Hatta bir \u201cAmed Okulu\u201dndan bile bahsedebiliyoruz. Ve bu kitaplar, Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019\u0131n o d\u00f6nemki tarihi hakk\u0131nda bize \u00e7ok \u015feyler s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Arkada\u015f\u0131m\u0131z Vahakn Ke\u015fi\u015fyan, i\u015fte bu \u00e7ok k\u0131ymetli el yazmalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapan Anu\u015f Sargsyan\u2019la konu\u015ftu. Yerevan\u2019daki Mesrop Ma\u015fdots Madenataran\u2019daki el yazmalar\u0131 ar\u015fivinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Anu\u015f, bize […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33411","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-haberler"],"yoast_head":"\nErmenice el yazma kitaplar Amed\u2019i anlat\u0131yor - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=33411\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ermenice el yazma kitaplar Amed\u2019i anlat\u0131yor - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Vahakn Ke\u015fi\u015fyan 17. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u2019da Amed, yani Diyarbak\u0131r, Ermenice elyazma kitaplar\u0131 ile \u00fcnl\u00fcyd\u00fc. Hatta bir \u201cAmed Okulu\u201dndan bile bahsedebiliyoruz. Ve bu kitaplar, Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019\u0131n o d\u00f6nemki tarihi hakk\u0131nda bize \u00e7ok \u015feyler s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Arkada\u015f\u0131m\u0131z Vahakn Ke\u015fi\u015fyan, i\u015fte bu \u00e7ok k\u0131ymetli el yazmalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapan Anu\u015f Sargsyan\u2019la konu\u015ftu. 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