{"id":32961,"date":"2015-01-12T02:14:10","date_gmt":"2015-01-12T07:14:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=32961"},"modified":"2015-01-12T02:14:10","modified_gmt":"2015-01-12T07:14:10","slug":"husamadyan-gecmisi-bugune-tasiyan-hazine-artik-turkcede","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=32961","title":{"rendered":"Hu\u015famadyan: Ge\u00e7mi\u015fi bug\u00fcne ta\u015f\u0131yan hazine art\u0131k T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Hu\u015famadyan\"<\/a>Osmanl\u0131 Ermenilerinin sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel tarihini yeniden canland\u0131ran \u2018Hu\u015famadyan\u2019 internet sitesi, kurulu\u015funun d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngilizce ve Ermenicenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra art\u0131k nihayet T\u00fcrk\u00e7e de yay\u0131nda. \u0130smini miras ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018Hu\u015famadyan\u2019 kitaplar\u0131 gibi, unutulmu\u015f bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fin pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015ferek onu kelimeler ve foto\u011fraflarla yeniden diriltme g\u00f6revini \u00fcstlenmi\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir ekip, i\u011fneyle kuyu kazarcas\u0131na Ermenilerin bu topraklardaki zengin ge\u00e7mi\u015fini tekrar hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor. Hu\u015famadyan\u2019\u0131n kurucular\u0131ndan olan tarih\u00e7i Vahe Tachjian\u2019la bu g\u00fczel haber \u00fczerine konu\u015ftuk. Yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, hen\u00fcz emekleme a\u015famas\u0131ndaki T\u00fcrk\u00e7e sitede okuyucular\u0131 bekleyen Palu, Harput ve Kozan\u2019daki 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131ndaki ya\u015fam hakk\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 makaleden de \u2018tad\u0131ml\u0131k\u2019 b\u00f6l\u00fcmler aktar\u0131yoruz.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

2010 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri birincil elden kaynaklarla Osmanl\u0131\u2019daki Ermeni miras\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karan ekip, bunu kah Ermeni bir bestekar\u0131n 1920\u2019li y\u0131llardan kalma bir kayd\u0131yla, kah E\u011fin y\u00f6resine ait bir yemek tarifiyle, kah Mara\u015f\u2019ta Ermenilerin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fifal\u0131 bitkileri hat\u0131rlatarak yap\u0131yor. \u00c7ekirdek ekip az say\u0131da ki\u015fiden m\u00fctevellit olsa da, \u2018Hu\u015famadyan<\/a>\u2019 asl\u0131nda, Osmanl\u0131\u2019da ayn\u0131 topraklar\u0131 payla\u015fm\u0131\u015f insanlar\u0131n ve onlar\u0131n torunlar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0 kendilerine ula\u015fmas\u0131yla gittik\u00e7e b\u00fcy\u00fcyen, geni\u015fleyen ve artan bir kolektif an\u0131 kayd\u0131 tutuyor.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131\u2019daki Ermeni hayat\u0131n\u0131 olabildi\u011fince \u00e7e\u015fitli bir co\u011frafi perspektiften aktarmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u2018Hu\u015famadyan\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e edisyonu, belki de bu kolektif hat\u0131rlama \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n daha geni\u015fleyece\u011fini haber veriyor. \u0130stanbullu bir Ermeni olan Sevan De\u011firmenciyan taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7evrilen bu metinler, birazdan Hu\u015famadyan\u2019\u0131n kurucular\u0131ndan olan Vahe Ta\u015fciyan\u2019\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131ndan da duyaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z gibi, ge\u00e7mi\u015fi hat\u0131rlaman\u0131n ve yitip gidenlerin an\u0131s\u0131na birlikte sayg\u0131 g\u00f6stermenin yeni bir vesilesi olabilir.<\/p>\n

Ta\u015fciyan\u2019la T\u00fcrk\u00e7e sitenin ne anlama geldi\u011fini, \u2018Hu\u015famadyan\u2019 kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n gelece\u011fe b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve 2015\u2019te 1915 \u00f6ncesi Osmanl\u0131 varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlaman\u0131n neden \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu konu\u015ftuk.<\/p>\n

\u2018Osmanl\u0131 Ermenilerinin miras\u0131 sadece Ermenileri ilgilendirmiyor\u2019<\/b><\/p>\n

Agos\u2019ta projenizle ilgili yay\u0131mlanan ilk s\u00f6yle\u015finizden beri \u2018Hu\u015famadyan\u2019 sitesinin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e versiyonu olmas\u0131n\u0131 arzu etti\u011finizi biliyoruz. Bu hayal nas\u0131l ger\u00e7e\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc?<\/b><\/p>\n

Vakf\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n kuruldu\u011fu g\u00fcnden beri T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00e7eviri bizim i\u00e7in bir \u00f6ncelikti. Sitede uzun bir s\u00fcre \u0130ngilizce ve Ermenice metinler yer alsa da, neredeyse inat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kla, ilk g\u00fcnden itibaren i\u00e7i doldurulmam\u0131\u015f bir \u2018T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc de vard\u0131 asl\u0131nda. Bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bulunan bu \u015fehirlerin ve k\u00f6ylerin haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 onarman\u0131n sadece Ermeniler i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131yoruz. Evet, ara\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131z Osmanl\u0131 Ermenilerinin miras\u0131 \u00fczerine odaklan\u0131yor; fakat bu miras ayn\u0131 zamanda, yan yana ya\u015fayan farkl\u0131 gruplar\u0131n ya\u015fam tarz\u0131yla \u015fekillenmi\u015f, kendine has bir yerel k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn de ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131. \u0130lk elden ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z veriler \u00fczerine kurdu\u011fumuz bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmada amac\u0131m\u0131z ge\u00e7mi\u015f ya\u015fam\u0131 t\u00fcm y\u00f6nleriyle, a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a, herkesin okuyabilece\u011fi ve anlayabilece\u011fi \u015fekilde anlatmakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00e7eviri hayalini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmemizin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ekonomik sorunlar vard\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye sivil toplumu bu projenin anlam\u0131n\u0131 kavray\u0131p makalelerin \u00e7evirisi konusunda bize destek olur diye umuyorduk. Baz\u0131 yerlerle ileti\u015fim kuruldu fakat pek bir sonu\u00e7 al\u0131namad\u0131. Sonu\u00e7ta G\u00fclbenkyan Vakf\u0131 yard\u0131m\u0131m\u0131za ko\u015ftu ve \u00e7eviri projesinin ilk a\u015famas\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e sayesinde \u2018Hu\u015famadyan\u2019\u0131 bir ad\u0131m \u00f6teye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcp, bu siteyi i\u015fbirli\u011fi ve temas i\u00e7in kullanmak istiyoruz. Osmanl\u0131 Ermeni miras\u0131n\u0131 yeniden kurman\u0131n yolunun birlikte \u00e7aba g\u00f6stermekten ge\u00e7ti\u011fine inan\u0131yoruz. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan umar\u0131z \u00e7eviriler T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fayanlar\u0131 da te\u015fvik edecek.<\/p>\n

Sitenin k\u00fclliyat\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131nca \u2013 do\u011fal olarak \u2013 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e metinler hen\u00fcz pek fazla de\u011fil. \u00c7eviri konusunda bir \u00f6nceli\u011finiz oldu mu?<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0130lk \u00e7evrilen metinlerin tek bir konu ya da tek bir b\u00f6lgeden olmamas\u0131na \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterdik. \u015eu anda sitede \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgeden \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 konuyu i\u015fleyen T\u00fcrk\u00e7e metin bulunuyor: Palu\u2019da 2. Me\u015frutiyet\u2019in nas\u0131l kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131, Sis\/Kozan\u2019daki kiliseler ve Harput\u2019un zanaatk\u00e2rlar\u0131. Bundan sonra siteye eklenen her makale Ermenice ve \u0130ngilizcenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra T\u00fcrk\u00e7e de yay\u0131nda olacak. Eski makaleleri de peyderpey \u00e7evirece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n

\u2018T\u00fcrk\u00e7e siteyle okuyucu say\u0131s\u0131 y\u00fczde 40 artt\u0131\u2018<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk\u00e7e edisyonun yay\u0131na girmesinden bu yana, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den size ula\u015fan okur say\u0131s\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f oldu mu?<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk\u00e7e site Aral\u0131k sonunda yay\u0131na girdi. Ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z g\u00fcn itibariyle okur say\u0131s\u0131nda y\u00fczde 40\u2019l\u0131k bir art\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebilirim. Gelen tepkilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00e7evirinin kalitesiyle ilgili olumlu yorumlar oldu. Yan\u0131 s\u0131ra tarih ara\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131zda kullanabilece\u011fimiz bilgiler i\u00e7eren mektuplar da al\u0131yoruz. Makalelerde bahsetti\u011fimiz yerlerin bug\u00fcn\u00fcne dair foto\u011fraflar g\u00f6nderiyorlar. Bazen sadece desteklemek amac\u0131yla yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f mektuplar oluyor. Bazen de ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00f6lgedeki Ermenilerin ak\u0131betiyle ilgili sorular soran insanlar oluyor. Bu mektuplar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Ermenilerden geliyor.<\/p>\n

\u2018Hu\u015famadyan yazarlar\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015fin miras\u0131n\u0131\u00a0\u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczle\u015ftirmek istedi\u2019 <\/b><\/p>\n

Makalelerde birinci elden kaynaklar\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 s\u00f6ylediniz. Ne t\u00fcr kaynaklard\u0131r bunlar?<\/b><\/p>\n

19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130stanbul, Tiflis, Venedik, Viyana gibi \u015fehirlerde bas\u0131lan Ermeni gazeteler ara\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131z i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli veriler sunuyor. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l ve 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n erken d\u00f6nemlerinde bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f monograflar\u0131, seyahat g\u00fcnl\u00fcklerini ve an\u0131 kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 da kullan\u0131yoruz. Bu anlamda temel kayna\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n,\u00a0 \u2018Hu\u015famadyan\u2019 tarz\u0131 kitaplar oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebilirim. Bir daha geri d\u00f6nmemek \u00fczere yurtlar\u0131n\u0131 terk etmek zorunda kalan ve vatanlar\u0131n\u0131n an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan bu insanlar, ge\u00e7mi\u015fi aktarmak ve ortaya d\u00f6kmek istediler. B\u00f6ylece, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmi\u015f ilk neslin, yerel Ermeni miras\u0131yla ilgili tan\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131, ge\u00e7mi\u015fin daha fazla yok olmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ka\u011f\u0131da d\u00f6kt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc pek \u00e7ok kitap ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u00d6zellikle 1920\u2019li y\u0131llardan itibaren de Ermeni Diaspora topluluklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda birbiri ard\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bug\u00fcn bu an\u0131 kitaplar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0 \u2018Hu\u015famadyan\u2019 olarak an\u0131yoruz. Sadece metinler de\u011fil, foto\u011fraflar ve haritalar\u0131n da oldu\u011fu bu kitaplar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Ermeni hayat\u0131n\u0131n izini s\u00fcrmek ve hat\u0131rlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Bu kitaplarda yaz\u0131lanlar, telafi edilmesi imkans\u0131z kay\u0131plarla dolu ge\u00e7mi\u015fin bir nevi yeniden kurulmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyordu. \u00d6yle g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor ki Hu\u015famadyan yazarlar\u0131, kendilerini Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6nemindeki Ermeni varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan geriye kalan son insanlar olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fcler. Bu y\u00fczden de sonraki nesillerin ge\u00e7mi\u015fi tam manas\u0131yla yeniden in\u015fa etmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlard\u0131. B\u00f6ylece k\u00f6ylerinde, \u015fehirlerinde \u015fahit olduklar\u0131 \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7mi\u015fin miras\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczle\u015ftirmek istediler.<\/p>\n

\u2018Atalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0anlatmaya devam etmek bug\u00fcn daha da \u00f6nemli\u2019 <\/b><\/p>\n

\u2018Hu\u015famadyan\u2019 internet sitesindeki makalelerde, soyk\u0131r\u0131m sonras\u0131 da\u011f\u0131lan Ermenilerin ge\u00e7mi\u015fe d\u00f6n\u00fck hat\u0131ralar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, 1915 \u00f6ncesinde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f an\u0131lara da yer veriliyor. Sizin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131z a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n 100. y\u0131l\u0131nda, Ermenilerin bu topraklarda 1915 \u00f6ncesinde nas\u0131l ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmek neden \u00f6nemli?<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye devleti taraf\u0131ndan halen tan\u0131nmayan bir soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n 100. y\u0131l\u0131nda, say\u0131s\u0131z kurban\u0131n ve solup giden canl\u0131 bir Ermeni ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n yas\u0131n\u0131 halen tutarken bug\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00f6revimiz \u2013 belki her zamankinden daha fazla \u2013 onlar\u0131n \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131n an\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 el \u00fcst\u00fcnde tutmak ve anlatmaya devam etmek. \u2018Hu\u015famadyan\u2019 projesi de bu basit ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc fikirle do\u011fdu; atalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n zengin an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n izinden giderek, bir zamanlar Ermenilerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelere ge\u00e7mi\u015fin iziyle yeni bir hayat getirmeliyiz.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u2018Kitlesel bir sayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda an\u0131lara sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterme g\u00f6revi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ait\u2019<\/b><\/p>\n

Ermeni k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ve hayat\u0131yla ilgili bug\u00fcn yaz\u0131lan ve yaz\u0131lacak olan, yeni ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n deneyimlerini aktaran kitaplarla ilgili bir terim kullanacak olsak bu ne olurdu sizce?<\/b><\/p>\n

Bu sorunun cevab\u0131 daha ziyade T\u00fcrkiye devleti ve T\u00fcrkiye toplumunu ilgilendiriyor. Bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin pek \u00e7ok \u015fehrine, kasabas\u0131na, k\u00f6y\u00fcne sinmi\u015f olan Ermeni haf\u0131zas\u0131 nas\u0131l tan\u0131mlanmal\u0131? Bir zamanlar Ermenilerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu topraklarda Ermeni haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr ve sayg\u0131 duyulur hale getirmek nas\u0131l m\u00fcmk\u00fcn? Ben Berlin\u2019de ya\u015f\u0131yorum; buras\u0131 \u015fehrin yerel miras\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131lmaz par\u00e7as\u0131 olan Yahudi ge\u00e7mi\u015fiyle dolu, her kap\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde, her k\u00f6\u015fede, yani \u015fehrin her yan\u0131nda g\u00f6rebilirsiniz bu izleri. Berlin\u2019de, bir zamanlar ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan Yahudileri hat\u0131rlatman\u0131n \u00e7ok yarat\u0131c\u0131 yollar\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan Berlin, hem trajik ge\u00e7mi\u015fiyle hesapla\u015fman\u0131n hem de ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f bir \u015fehir olman\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u00f6rne\u011fi.<\/p>\n

Bana g\u00f6re, ge\u00e7mi\u015fin karanl\u0131k an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlamak yerel halk i\u00e7in \u00e7ok da a\u011f\u0131r, dayan\u0131lmayacak bir \u015fey de\u011fil. Elbette e\u011fer soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ink\u00e2r eden biriyseniz bu a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve dayan\u0131lmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hissedebilirsiniz, oras\u0131 ayr\u0131. Ermenistan haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n yeniden olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de pek \u00e7ok \u015feyin de\u011fi\u015fmesi gerekiyor. Hedef her \u015fehirdeki, her k\u00f6ydeki Ermeni haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 tekrar canland\u0131rmak olmal\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Soyk\u0131r\u0131m t\u00fcm bir halk\u0131n insan haklar\u0131na, ya\u015fam hakk\u0131na kitlesel bir sayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131kt\u0131. \u015eimdi kurbanlar\u0131n an\u0131lar\u0131na sayg\u0131 duyma g\u00f6revi ise T\u00fcrkiye devletine ait.<\/p>\n

\u2018Kozan\u2019daki Ermeni evleri\u00a0haf\u0131za m\u00fczesi haline\u00a0getirilebilir\u2019<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de devletin de\u011fil fakat baz\u0131 yerel y\u00f6netimlerin, ge\u00e7mi\u015fin Ermeni miras\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlamaya y\u00f6nelik \u00e7abalar\u0131 var. \u00d6rne\u011fin ge\u00e7en g\u00fcnlerde \u2013 her ne kadar tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 sonunda olsa da \u2013 Bitlis\u2019te, William Saroyan\u2019\u0131n do\u011fdu\u011fu soka\u011fa yazar\u0131n ad\u0131 verildi. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan biraz daha somut olman\u0131z\u0131 rica edip ge\u00e7mi\u015f miras\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlaman\u0131n yollar\u0131 nedir diye sormak isterim. <\/b><\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin Sis\/Kozan b\u00f6lgesi \u00f6zel bir anlama sahip; buradaki Ermeni evlerinin bir\u00e7o\u011fu bozulmam\u0131\u015f, y\u0131k\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olarak duruyor. En az\u0131ndan bir tanesi yerel Ermeni haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 aktaracak bir m\u00fcze haline getirilebilir. \u00d6te yandan, tamamen yok edilmemi\u015f Ermeni an\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 restore etmek de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Eksiltilmi\u015f Ermeni haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in bunun gibi pek \u00e7ok yarat\u0131c\u0131 yol bulunabilir; burada as\u0131l \u00f6nemli olan bu t\u00fcr \u00e7abalar\u0131n net bir niyetle yap\u0131lmas\u0131; bu niyet de a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a Ermeni haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 tamir etmek olmal\u0131. Ermenilerin tarihini anlat\u0131rken baz\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri sans\u00fcrlememek, Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan di\u011fer olaylarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmamak gerekiyor. E\u011fer b\u00f6yle olmazsa, \u015f\u00fcphe devam edecek ve Ermeni ge\u00e7mi\u015fini canland\u0131rma \u00e7abas\u0131 ciddiye al\u0131nmayacak.<\/p>\n

Harput\u2019un zanaatk\u00e2rlar\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

Harput ve Mezire: yanyana ve zanaatlar\u0131 ile iki merkez konumunda olan \u015fehirler. I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flay\u0131p da Ermenilerin tehcir edilmesine ve k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na kadar, buradaki zanaatlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu Ermenilerin elindeydi. \u0130ki merkez de el sanatlar\u0131 ve \u00fcretim alan\u0131ndaki dinamizmiyle \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

(…) Bu duruma biraz daha fazla e\u011filmek gerekir. Harputlu Ermeni zanaatkar\u0131n istisnai say\u0131lan yetene\u011fini nas\u0131l a\u00e7\u0131klamal\u0131? Bu anlamda, y\u00f6redeki baz\u0131 zanaat kollar\u0131n\u0131n tarihi boyutu ve Harputlular\u0131n onlar\u0131 uygulama anlam\u0131nda edindikleri as\u0131rl\u0131k deneyim \u00f6nemli bir etken. Baz\u0131 zanaat dallar\u0131, mesela dokumac\u0131l\u0131k, yerli S\u00fcryanilerin uzmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r. Muhtemelen S\u00fcryanilerin bu alandaki uzmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihi bir miras. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Ermenilerin zanaat alan\u0131ndaki miras\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edebiliriz. XIX. yy. sonlar\u0131ndan itibaren g\u00f6\u00e7 ve gurbet olgusu da bu duruma eklenir. Sosyal, ekonomik ve siyasi sebepler Harput b\u00f6lgesinden bir \u00e7ok Ermeni\u2019nin, \u00f6zellikle erkeklerin, kendi do\u011fduklar\u0131 \u015fehirleri ve k\u00f6yleri terk edip Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun daha geli\u015fmi\u015f \u015fehirlerine, mesela \u0130stanbul\u2019a veya Adana\u2019ya, gitmelerine neden olur. Harputlu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak ve para kazanmak i\u00e7in daha uygun \u015fartlar ar\u0131yordu. Memleketindeki beylerin ve a\u011falar\u0131n despotizmi ve devlet kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flememesi \u00e7o\u011fu kez haks\u0131zl\u0131klara ve yolsuzluklara neden oluyordu. Bu durumun ba\u015fl\u0131ca kurban\u0131 da Harputlu Ermeni k\u00f6yl\u00fc ve zanaatk\u00e2rd\u0131. \u00d6yle ki, Harputlu bir yandan g\u00f6\u00e7 ederek Osmanl\u0131 \u00fclkesinin daha h\u0131zl\u0131 geli\u015fen merkezlerine yerle\u015fiyor, di\u011fer yandan da merkezi h\u00fck\u00fcmetin etkin olmas\u0131n\u0131n kendisini b\u00f6lgedeki haks\u0131zl\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 daha fazla koruyaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcmit ediyordu.<\/p>\n

(..) Tar\u0131m ve tar\u0131msal zanaatlar\u0131n \u00f6nemi Harput\u2019taki Ermeni toplumunun temsilcileri taraf\u0131ndan biliniyordu. Harput gibi bir y\u00f6rede tar\u0131m\u0131n geli\u015fmesinin genel anlamda Osmanl\u0131 yerel ekonomisinin geli\u015fmesine ve \u00f6zellikle Harputlu Ermenilerin refah\u0131na katk\u0131 sa\u011flayacak ba\u015fl\u0131ca etken oldu\u011funun fark\u0131ndayd\u0131lar. Bu sebeple de 1908\u2019de, II. Me\u015frutiyet\u2019in ilan\u0131ndan sonra, Harput Ermenileri beldelerinde bir ziraat okulu kurma fikrini ortaya atarlar. Heyecanland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bu fikir insanlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya sevk eder; yer belirlenir ve para toplanmaya ba\u015flan\u0131r. Bu s\u0131rada Ermeni toplumunun y\u00f6netim kademesi Harput ovas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir iplik fabrikas\u0131 kurmak i\u00e7in giri\u015fimlerde bulunur. Farkl\u0131 k\u00f6ylerden ipekb\u00f6ce\u011fi yeti\u015ftiricileri (\u00e7o\u011fu Ermeni) yeti\u015ftirdikleri \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc buraya getirip ipe\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrebilecek ve Avrupa\u2019ya ihra\u00e7 edebileceklerdi. Fakat I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n patlak vermesi ve onu takiben Ermenilerin maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitlesel \u015fiddet olaylar\u0131 sadece ziraat okulunun ve iplik fabrikas\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131na de\u011fil, Harput y\u00f6resindeki as\u0131rl\u0131k Ermeni zanaat tarihine de son noktay\u0131 koyacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Harput\u2019ta Ermenilerin u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 zanaatlar aras\u0131nda kundurac\u0131l\u0131k, nacarl\u0131k ve marangozluk, demircilik ve \u00e7ilingirlik, dokumac\u0131l\u0131k, dericilik, kasapl\u0131k, ta\u015f i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi ve duvarc\u0131l\u0131k, de\u011firmencilik, ipek b\u00f6cek\u00e7ili\u011fi, kandil ya\u011f\u0131 ve sabun imalat\u0131, hal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, bakkalc\u0131l\u0131k, berberlik, kuyumculuk, nalbantl\u0131k, f\u0131r\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, bak\u0131rc\u0131l\u0131k, sepet\u00e7ilik ve terzilik bulunuyordu. \u00a0<\/p>\n

II. Me\u015frutiyet Palu\u2019da nas\u0131l kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131?<\/b><\/p>\n

II. Me\u015frutiyet\u2019in ilan\u0131 Palu\u2019da top at\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r. Kalede bulunan eski top sadece belirli vesilelerle kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Halk bu ola\u011fand\u0131\u015f\u0131 top at\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 duyunca heyecana kap\u0131l\u0131r ve Kaymakaml\u0131k \u00f6n\u00fcnde toplan\u0131r. Kaymakam d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar ve halka Me\u015frutiyet\u2019in ilan\u0131n\u0131 duyurur. Bunun \u00fczerine Ermeni kilisesinin \u00e7anlar\u0131 \u00e7almaya ba\u015flar, Ermeniler d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131 kapat\u0131p kiliseye topla\u015f\u0131p, ilan edilen \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck i\u00e7in \u015f\u00fck\u00fcr duas\u0131 etmeye ba\u015flarlar.<\/p>\n

Me\u015frutiyet y\u0131llar\u0131 sadece Palu \u015fehrinde de\u011fil, k\u00f6ylerde ya\u015fayan Ermeniler i\u00e7in de yeni bir sayfa a\u00e7ar. E\u011fitim hayat\u0131 yeniden h\u0131z kazan\u0131r: Gurbette bulunan Palulular\u0131n toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 paralarla yeni okullar a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r, di\u011ferleri yenilenip restore edilir. Siyasi partiler de hareketlenir: Ta\u015fnagtsagan ve H\u0131n\u00e7akyan yeni gruplar olu\u015fturulur.<\/p>\n

Palu b\u00f6lgesinde Ermenilerin askerli\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6sterdikleri tepki de dikkate de\u011fer. Kanun \u00f6n\u00fcnde e\u015fit olmak demek; Ermenilerin de Osmanl\u0131 ordusuna art\u0131k hizmet edece\u011fi anlam\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Ama b\u00f6lgedeki Ermeniler bu hakk\u0131 genel bir endi\u015feyle kabullenirler. \u015eehirden ve k\u00f6ylerden gen\u00e7lerin ABD\u2019ye do\u011fru bir g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131 ba\u015flatmalar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca sebeplerinden biri de buydu.<\/p>\n

Nerkhi<\/b><\/p>\n

Palu\u2019nun Nerkhi k\u00f6y\u00fc hakk\u0131ndaki bu k\u0131s\u0131m II. Me\u015frutiyet\u2019in ilan edildi\u011fi bu d\u00f6nemde \u00f6\u011frenci olan Bo\u011fos Melikyan\u2019\u0131n an\u0131lar\u0131na dayanarak haz\u0131rland\u0131. Kom\u015fu k\u00f6y olan Kho\u015fmat\u2019taki okula gidiyordu. Bo\u011fosyan\u2019\u0131n aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, tarihi bu de\u011fi\u015fimin haberi kendilerine ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda okul bir t\u00f6ren tertipler. \u00d6\u011frenciler ellerinde renkli bayraklar ve farkl\u0131 tabelalarla yar\u0131m saat uzakl\u0131kta bulunan Mezre \u00e7ay\u0131r\u0131na do\u011fru yol al\u0131rlar. Yolda \u00f6\u011frenciler T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u201cYa\u015fas\u0131n H\u00fcrriyet, Osmanl\u0131y\u0131z, karde\u015fliktir\u201d ve Ermenice \u201cAzadn Asdvadz\u201d (\u00d6zg\u00fcr Tanr\u0131) (Mikayel Nalbandyan) \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylerler.<\/p>\n

Hava\u2019dan ve Palu\u2019dan \u00f6\u011frenciler de bu alanda toplan\u0131rlar. 500 ki\u015filik bir topluluk olu\u015fturmu\u015flard\u0131r. Diller \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fmi\u015ftir art\u0131k: \u00d6\u011frenciler bir ka\u00e7 hafta \u00f6nce f\u0131s\u0131ldamaya bile \u00e7ekinecekleri \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131 cesaretle s\u00f6ylemeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r art\u0131k:<\/p>\n

\u201cCesur erkeklerimiz d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131 ku\u015fatm\u0131\u015f K\u00f6pek Sultan\u2019\u0131n \u00fcmitleri art\u0131k t\u00fckenmi\u015f\u201d…<\/p>\n

Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u201cDalvorig\u201d, \u201cAzadn Asdvadz\u201d (\u00d6zg\u00fcr Tanr\u0131), \u201cGargud de\u011fats\u201d (Dolu ya\u011fd\u0131), \u201cHeravor yergir\u201d (Uzak \u00dclke) \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131 da s\u00f6ylenir.<\/p>\n

Kozan\u2019\u0131n (Sis) Kiliseleri ve kutsal mekanlar\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

Nor Vank (Ba\u015fpatrikhane)<\/b><\/p>\n

Kozanl\u0131lar \u015fehrin kuzey-bat\u0131s\u0131nda, kalenin tepesinin yamac\u0131nda bulunan ba\u015fpatrikhane kompleksine Nor Vank (Yeni Manast\u0131r) derlerdi. Bu alanda eski zamanlarda, Kilikya Ermeni Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde, I. Hetum (1226-1269) Aziz Sofya ad\u0131nda \u00f6zel bir katedrali olan krall\u0131k saray\u0131n\u0131 in\u015fa etmi\u015fti. Sis-Kozan (1180-1190 aras\u0131) Kilikya Ermeni prenslerinin ba\u015fkentiydi ve eski merkez olan Anavarza\u2019n\u0131n yerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Krall\u0131k merkezi M\u0131s\u0131r Meml\u00fcklerine kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan sava\u015flar s\u0131ras\u0131nda 1375\u2019te harap olur. Sadece iki kenar kuleleri ayaktad\u0131r ve bunlar da ilerde yeni ba\u015fpatrikhane kompleksinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olacakt\u0131r<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fpatrikhane k\u00fclliyesi. Foto\u011fraf\u0131n solunda g\u00f6r\u00fcnen b\u00fcy\u00fck kagir yap\u0131 Aziz Sofya Katedrali\u2019dir. (kaynak; Nubaryan K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi, Paris).<\/p>\n

Aziz Simeon<\/b><\/p>\n

\u015eehrin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, g\u00fcneye do\u011fru, y\u00fcr\u00fcyerek yar\u0131m saatlik bir mesafede bulunurdu. Harap bir haldedir. \u00c7amurdan Kilise (\u00c7amurdan ailesinin kilisesi) olarak da bilinir. \u00c7amurdan ailesi \u0130slamla\u015fm\u0131\u015f Ermeni bir aile idi ve buras\u0131 \u00e7evre tarlalarla beraber ona aitti. \u015eimdilerde buraya \u00c7amurdan Kilisesi denir<\/p>\n

Muhabbet\u00e7iler \u0130badethanesi<\/b><\/p>\n

Muhabbet\u00e7iler 1870\u2019lerde Mara\u015f Ermenileri i\u00e7inde do\u011fup \u00f6zellikle Zeytun, Hac\u0131n, D\u00f6rtyol ve Kozan\u2019da yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015f dini bir cemaat veya tarikatt\u0131. Ermenicede \u201cSiro \u0131ngerutyun\u201d (Sevgi Toplulu\u011fu) olarak da bilinirdi . Kozan kolu 1891-1892 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Hac\u0131 Sarkis Ba\u015fyan taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015ftu. Toplulu\u011fun, haftada birka\u00e7 farkl\u0131 vesileyle imanl\u0131lar\u0131n toplan\u0131p ilahiler s\u00f6yledi\u011fi, dua etti\u011fi, Kutsal Kitap okuduklar\u0131 kendi \u00f6zel ibadethanesi vard\u0131. \u0130manl\u0131lar\u0131n alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7ki i\u00e7memek, sigara kullanmamak, k\u00fcf\u00fcr etmemek, kumar oynamamak, Pazar g\u00fcnleri oru\u00e7 tutmak ve o g\u00fcn ticaretle u\u011fra\u015fmamak gibi kat\u0131 kurallara riayet etmesi gerekirdi. Kele\u015fyan\u2019a g\u00f6re, bu dini toplulu\u011fa az say\u0131da T\u00fcrkler ve K\u00fcrtler de kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kozan Ba\u015fpatrikli\u011fi ve Adana Ruhani \u00d6nderli\u011fi bu dini ak\u0131ma kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fiddetli bir m\u00fccadele i\u00e7indeydi. Hatta bu ak\u0131m\u0131n sorumlular\u0131n\u0131n devlet taraf\u0131ndan tutuklanmalar\u0131n\u0131 ve uzak \u015fehirlere s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmelerini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/tr\/yazi\/10195\/husamadyan-gecmisi-bugune-tasiyan-hazine-artik-turkcede<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Osmanl\u0131 Ermenilerinin sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel tarihini yeniden canland\u0131ran \u2018Hu\u015famadyan\u2019 internet sitesi, kurulu\u015funun d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngilizce ve Ermenicenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra art\u0131k nihayet T\u00fcrk\u00e7e de yay\u0131nda. \u0130smini miras ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018Hu\u015famadyan\u2019 kitaplar\u0131 gibi, unutulmu\u015f bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fin pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015ferek onu kelimeler ve foto\u011fraflarla yeniden diriltme g\u00f6revini \u00fcstlenmi\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir ekip, i\u011fneyle kuyu kazarcas\u0131na Ermenilerin bu topraklardaki zengin ge\u00e7mi\u015fini tekrar […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,71],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32961","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-haberler","category-mulakatlar"],"yoast_head":"\nHu\u015famadyan: Ge\u00e7mi\u015fi bug\u00fcne ta\u015f\u0131yan hazine art\u0131k T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede - 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