{"id":32269,"date":"2014-11-03T04:04:10","date_gmt":"2014-11-03T09:04:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=32269"},"modified":"2014-11-03T04:04:10","modified_gmt":"2014-11-03T09:04:10","slug":"osmanli-ermenilerini-birlestiren-yayin-patrik-khrimyanin-ardzvi-vaspuragan-gazetesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=32269","title":{"rendered":"Osmanl\u0131 Ermenilerini birle\u015ftiren yay\u0131n: Patrik Khrimyan\u2019\u0131n Ardzvi Vaspuragan gazetesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Ardzvi<\/a>ZAKARYA M\u0130LDANO\u011eLU
\nzakaryamil@gmail.com<\/b><\/p>\n

EMRE CAN DA\u011eLIO\u011eLU
\n<\/b>misakmanusyan@gmail.com<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n

1869-1873 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u0130stanbul Patri\u011fi olarak g\u00f6rev yapan ve 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca siyaseten \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli sorumluluklar \u00fcstlenen M\u0131g\u0131rdi\u00e7 Khrimyan\u2019\u0131n Ermeni tarihinde en \u00e7ok iz b\u0131rakan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan birisi de 1855-1864 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ardzvi Vaspuragan (Van Kartal\u0131) gazetesi. Gazetenin \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc ve ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 konular\u0131, Houshamadyan sitesinde yay\u0131mlanan konuyla ilgili makalesinden derledik.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyada milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fin yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve uluslar\u0131n devletle\u015fme s\u00fcrecine girdi\u011fi 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca, Osmanl\u0131 Ermenileri de anayurt olarak \u2018Ermenistan\u2019 kavram\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli siyasi, sosyal, ekonomik ve edebi s\u00fcre\u00e7lerle Ermenilerin \u201chayali cemaati\u201dnin ulusal bir sembol\u00fc olarak in\u015fa ettiler. Bu ulus in\u015fas\u0131nda, ayn\u0131 mek\u00e2nda, yani belirli s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 olan bir Ermenistan\u2019da ve ayn\u0131 zaman diliminde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tasavvur etmelerini sa\u011flayan en \u00f6nemli ara\u00e7lardan birisi de, di\u011fer t\u00fcm uluslar\u0131nki gibi yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklar ve \u00f6zellikle gazeteler oldu. Bu s\u00fcrece katk\u0131 sa\u011flayan ilk ve en \u00f6nemli gazetelerden birisi ise Patrik M\u0131g\u0131rdi\u00e7 Khrimyan\u2019\u0131n 1855-1864 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Van\u2019da (Vaspuragan) yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayl\u0131k gazetesi Ardzvi Vaspuragan\u2019d\u0131 (Van Kartal\u0131). Ardzvi Vaspuragan\u2019\u0131 bu anlamda ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 k\u0131lan \u00f6zelliklerden ilki, ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde yay\u0131mlanan di\u011fer Ermenice yay\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun aksine, Bat\u0131 Ermenistan olarak isimlendirilen b\u00f6lgede yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131yd\u0131. Di\u011fer \u00f6zelli\u011fi ise gazeteyi \u00e7\u0131karan M\u0131g\u0131rdi\u00e7 Khrimyan\u2019\u0131n din\u00ee g\u00f6revinden siyasi s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde \u00f6nemli bir mevki sahibi olarak yer almas\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu gazetenin Ermenilerin ulusal bilincine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 katk\u0131y\u0131 ve bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede \u00e7izdi\u011fi Hayastan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 ve hangi konular\u0131 ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 University of Michigan\u2019da doktora \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren Dzovinar Derderian\u2019\u0131n Houshamadyan sitesinde yay\u0131mlanan \u2018Mapping the Fatherland: Ardzvi Vaspurakan\u2019s Reforms through the Memory of the Past\u2019 (Anayurdu Haritaland\u0131rmak: Ge\u00e7mi\u015f Haf\u0131zas\u0131 Vas\u0131tas\u0131yla Ardzvi Vaspuragan\u2019\u0131n Reformlar\u0131) isimli makalesinden derledik.<\/p>\n

Gazetenin \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0ortam<\/b><\/p>\n

Gazetenin yay\u0131mlanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 1850\u2019ler, ayn\u0131 zamanda Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netiminin devlet olarak ta\u015fradaki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 etkinle\u015ftirmeye ve g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeye \u00e7abalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir zaman denk geliyordu. 1839\u2019da Tanzimat Ferman\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ilan edilmesiyle h\u0131zlanan modernle\u015fme ve beraberinde merkezile\u015fme \u00e7abas\u0131, Ermeni Patrikhanesi\u2019ni de etkiliyordu. 1840\u2019ta ilan edilen fermanla birlikte Ermeni Patrikhanesi\u2019nin vergi muafiyetini kald\u0131r\u0131yor ve Patrikhane\u2019ye b\u00fcy\u00fck bir maddi k\u00fclfet y\u00fckleniyordu. Patrikhane i\u00e7in de bu ekonomik y\u00fckle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kman\u0131n tek yolu, kilise y\u00f6netiminin de merkezile\u015fmesi ve Do\u011fu vilayetlerindeki kiliselerden gelir elde etmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131 olacakt\u0131. Fakat devletin ta\u015fra ileri gelenleriyle ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iktidar krizinin bir benzerini Ermeni Patrikhanesi de ya\u015fayacak ve \u0130stanbul\u2019daki sek\u00fcler ve din\u00ee iktidarla yereldekiler aras\u0131nda zaman zaman \u015fiddetlenen \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Zira \u0130stanbul\u2019daki Ermeni ileri gelenlerinin bu d\u00f6neme kadar ta\u015fradaki Ermenilerle ili\u015fkileri ve oradaki n\u00fcfusa ilgileri bir hayli k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131yd\u0131. Ardzvi Vaspuragan\u2019\u0131n yay\u0131n hayat\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 1850\u2019lerde dahi, Osmanl\u0131\u2019da yay\u0131mlanan di\u011fer Ermenice gazetelerden Hayrenaser (\u0130zmir) ve Masis (\u0130stanbul) daha \u00e7ok Amerika, \u00c7in ve Hindistan\u2019dan haberlere yer verirken; Van, Erzurum veya Osmanl\u0131\u2019da Ermenilerin yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelere dair haberler, bu gazetelerde nadiren yer al\u0131yordu. Gerard Libaridian\u2019\u0131n belirtti\u011fi gibi, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nemli merkezleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Ermenilerin ikamet etti\u011fi b\u00f6lgeler, yani \u2018tarihi Ermenistan\u2019, yabanc\u0131 bir b\u00f6lge olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u015fehirlerde ya\u015fayan Ermeniler i\u00e7in Hayastan (Ermenistan), bir ta\u015fra b\u00f6lgesi; Hayastanl\u0131 terimi de bir ta\u015fra kimli\u011fi anlam\u0131na geliyordu. B\u00f6yle bir ortamda Khrimyan\u2019\u0131n Ardzvi Vaspuragan\u2019\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kartmaktaki temel amac\u0131 da, hem \u0130stanbul ile ta\u015fra aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelmek, hem de \u2018Hayastan\u2019 terimini t\u00fcm Ermenilerin muhayyilesinde merkezi bir yere getirerek, Ermenilerin ortak bir ulusal bilince sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Gazetenin\u00a0birle\u015ftirme hik\u00e2yesi<\/b><\/p>\n

Kendisini \u00f6zellikle e\u011fitim alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya adam\u0131\u015f bir din adam\u0131 olan Khrimyan, 1854\u2019te Ahtamar Manast\u0131r\u0131\u2019na papaz olarak atan\u0131p bir y\u0131l sonra rahip unvan\u0131yla \u0130stanbul\u2019a geri \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131nca, \u0130stanbul\u2019un ta\u015frayla ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kurmaya yarayacak bir ad\u0131m olarak bir gazete kurmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc. Bir bask\u0131 makinesi alan idealist din adam\u0131, bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerle Ardzvi Vaspuragan\u2019\u0131 \u00dcsk\u00fcdar Surp Ha\u00e7 Kilisesi kompleksindeki bir odada \u00e7\u0131karmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

1856\u2019da Van\u2019a geri d\u00f6nen Khrimyan, gazetesinin kaderini de\u011fi\u015ftirecek karar\u0131 bir y\u0131l sonra ald\u0131. Khrimyan, Varak Manast\u0131r\u0131\u2019na vartabed olarak atanm\u0131\u015f ve burada 25 \u00f6\u011frencili Jarankavorats Okulu a\u00e7ma karar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Anadolu\u2019nun her yerinden gelen \u00f6\u011fretmenler ve \u00f6\u011frenciler, Ardzvi Vaspuragan\u2019a da katk\u0131 sa\u011flarken, bu sayede Varak, toplumun bulu\u015fma ve \u00fcretim noktalar\u0131ndan birisine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. B\u00f6ylece gazete, Van\u2019da yay\u0131mlanan yerel bir gazeteyi a\u015farak, t\u00fcm Osmanl\u0131\u2019daki Ermenilere hitap eder hale geldi.<\/p>\n

Khrimyan da gazetenin bu \u00f6zelli\u011fini, Ermeniler aras\u0131nda ulusal bir ba\u011f kurmak i\u00e7in kulland\u0131. Erzurum\u2019dan Bulgaristan\u2019a, \u0130ran\u2019dan \u0130zmir\u2019e bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6lgeden yaz\u0131lar\u0131n geldi\u011fi gazetede, Khrimyan\u2019\u0131n e\u011fitim konusunda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem verdi\u011fi Ermeni kad\u0131nlar\u0131n yaz\u0131lar\u0131 da yay\u0131mland\u0131. Ardzvi Vaspuragan, 1850\u2019lerin sonunda Van, Erzurum, Bitlis, \u0130zmir, \u0130stanbul, Trabzon ve \u0130ran\u2019a da da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131; 1860\u2019larla birlikte da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m a\u011f\u0131, Mu\u015f, Tiflis, Gandzak (Gence), Karaba\u011f, Alexandropol (G\u00fcmr\u00fc), Bayaz\u0131t, Yerevan, Verin ve Tebriz\u2019e kadar ula\u015ft\u0131. 1860\u2019ta Khrimyan ve birka\u00e7 \u00f6\u011frencisi, hem gazeteye destek sa\u011flamak, hem de b\u00f6lgedeki Ermenilerle tan\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczere Kafkasya seyahatine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar ve gazetenin bundan sonraki say\u0131lar\u0131nda s\u0131kl\u0131kla Rusya ve Kafkasya Ermenilerinin durumlar\u0131yla ilgili yaz\u0131lara yer verildi.<\/p>\n

Ardzvi Vaspuragan\u2019\u0131n bu etkisi, di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerde de benzer yay\u0131nlar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na vesile oldu. 1858\u2019de Garin\u2019de ve 1860\u2019ta Kilikya\u2019da Varak\u2019taki \u00f6rneklerden feyz alan bir okul ve gazete kuruldu. 1862\u2019de de Daron\u2019da (Mu\u015f) Ardzvi Vaspuragan\u2019la ayn\u0131 ama\u00e7lara sahip oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ilan eden Ardzvik Darono (Mu\u015f\u2019un K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Kartal\u0131) gazetesi yay\u0131m hayat\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Devgants Karde\u015fler, K. S\u0131rvantsyan, Hagop Melik Hagopyan (Raffi), M. A\u011fapegyan, Bedros Matadyan, Arsen Tokmakyan gibi \u00f6nemli yazar ve felsefecilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 gazete, 1861\u2019e kadar eski Ermenice, daha sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde ise eski ve yeni Ermenice kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k olarak yay\u0131mland\u0131. D\u00f6nemin \u0130stanbul-ta\u015fra \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u015fim\u015fekleri \u00fczerine \u00e7eken Khrimyan, hem saray, hem de \u0130stanbul Ermenileri taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcvenilmez olarak mimlendi ve saray\u0131n karar\u0131yla 1864\u2019te okulu ve gazetesi kapat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Gazetenin konular\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

Gazetenin \u00f6ncelikli konular\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelerinde ya\u015fayan Ermenilerin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 haberler gelirken, bunu tarihi Hayastan\u2019\u0131n Ermeni devlet adamlar\u0131 ve din\u00ee fig\u00fcrlerinin hik\u00e2yeleri takip ediyordu. K\u0131sa \u00f6yk\u00fcler, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k k\u0131ssalar\u0131 ve ahlak \u00fczerine tart\u0131\u015fmalar da gazetede s\u0131kl\u0131kla yer alan konular aras\u0131ndayd\u0131. Din\u00ee semboller ve temalar, yay\u0131mlanan \u00e7o\u011fu yaz\u0131da yer al\u0131rken, Khrimyan, din\u00ee yap\u0131y\u0131 sert bi\u00e7imde ele\u015ftiren yaz\u0131lar\u0131n da yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131na izin verdi. Nisan 1858\u2019de gazetede yaz\u0131lar\u0131 yay\u0131mlanmaya ba\u015flanan Raffi ismiyle bilinen \u00fcnl\u00fc Ermeni edebiyat\u00e7\u0131 Hagop Der Hagopyan, d\u00f6nemin din\u00ee liderlerini ve Ermenilerin sosyal ko\u015fullar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Patrikhane\u2019nin pasifli\u011fini sert\u00e7e ele\u015ftiriyordu.<\/p>\n

Khrimyan kendi yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda ise a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak Ermenistan co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131 ele alarak burada haf\u0131za mek\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131n canland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, yeni mek\u00e2nlar\u0131n in\u015fa edilmesi, e\u011fitim ve tar\u0131m\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi, yerel yay\u0131nlar yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini vurgulad\u0131. Bu yaz\u0131lar\u0131 yazarken, Khrimyan\u2019\u0131n amac\u0131 co\u011frafyay\u0131 tan\u0131tmak de\u011fildi. Mek\u00e2nlar \u00fczerine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu yaz\u0131larla ge\u00e7mi\u015fle \u015fimdi ve gelecek aras\u0131nda bir ba\u011f kurmay\u0131 hedefleyen Khrimyan, ge\u00e7mi\u015fe ait efsaneleri ve bu efsanelerin ait oldu\u011fu co\u011frafyay\u0131 diriltmeyi ama\u00e7l\u0131yordu. Zira Khrimyan\u2019a g\u00f6re, \u201cGe\u00e7mi\u015f, ger\u00e7e\u011fin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ve inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar\u201dd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Se\u00e7ilmi\u015f yer Hayastan<\/b><\/p>\n

Khrimyan, yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda Ermenilerin anayurdu olarak tahayy\u00fcl etti\u011fi kadim Hayastan\u2019\u0131 se\u00e7ilmi\u015f yer olarak tasvir etti. Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bu g\u00fczel ve cennetimsi b\u00f6lgesini se\u00e7erek, Hayk\u2019\u0131n o\u011fullar\u0131na da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yazan Khrimyan, Hayk\u2019\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen g\u00f6revinse bu b\u00f6lgeyi ekip bi\u00e7mek ve onun bereketli getirileriyle mutlu olmak oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. Bu g\u00f6revi yerine getirmek ise ancak Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim ve modern e\u011fitimle m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilirdi.<\/p>\n

Khrimyan\u2019a g\u00f6re, Tanr\u0131 Yahudileri sevdi\u011finden daha fazla Ermenileri sevmi\u015fti, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Yahudilere nemli ve g\u00fcne\u015f alt\u0131nda yanan topraklar verirken, Ermenilere latif topraklar\u0131 uygun g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bu bereketli topraklar\u0131n hakk\u0131n\u0131 vermek ise ancak Ermenilerin uyan\u0131\u015f\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilecekti. Bu uyan\u0131\u015f\u0131n nas\u0131l ger\u00e7ekle\u015fece\u011fini ise \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yordu: \u201cTanr\u0131\u2019y\u0131 sevin. Cehaletin \u00fcstesinden gelirseniz ve daha bilge olabilmek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rsan\u0131z, Tanr\u0131 sizi sizin onu sevdi\u011finizin iki kat\u0131 fazla sevecektir\u201d.<\/p>\n

\n
\n<\/div>\n

Ermenistan\u2019a \u00e2\u015f\u0131k \u015eamiram efsanesi<\/b><\/p>\n

Khrimyan\u2019\u0131n parlak ge\u00e7mi\u015fi canland\u0131rmak ve Hayastan\u2019\u0131n kadimli\u011fini vurgulamak i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 efsane karakterlerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda \u015eamiram (Semiramis) gelir. Ermeni efsanelerine g\u00f6re \u015eamiram, Ermenilerin atas\u0131 Ara\u2019ya \u00e2\u015f\u0131k olan ve onu elde etmek i\u00e7in Hayastan\u2019\u0131 fetheden mahut ve \u015fehvetli bir Asur krali\u00e7esidir. Khrimyan ise Krali\u00e7e \u015eamiram\u2019\u0131 Khorenatsi\u2019nin \u2018Ermenilerin Tarihi\u2019 kitab\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, s\u00f6zl\u00fc gelenekten de faydalanarak ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neme uyarlam\u0131\u015f ve Ermeni gelene\u011finin aksine, olumlu bir karakter olarak ele alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u015eamiram, asl\u0131nda Hayastan\u2019a \u00e2\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r ve yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 her \u015feyin sebebi de bu b\u00fcy\u00fck a\u015fk\u0131d\u0131r. Khrimyan\u2019\u0131n geleneksel anlat\u0131ya yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 eklemeler bununla da s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmaz. Ardzvi Vaspuragan\u2019da yer alan \u00f6yk\u00fclere g\u00f6re, \u015eamiram, b\u00f6lgede gezerken Van\u2019\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 havas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok sevmi\u015f ve burada bir yazl\u0131k in\u015fa etmeye karar vererek, adamlar\u0131ndan \u2018arzulanan yer\u2019i ele ge\u00e7irmelerini istemi\u015ftir. Khrimyan\u2019\u0131n bu anlat\u0131s\u0131, ondan \u00e7ok etkilenen bir \u00f6\u011frencisinin \u015fiirine bile konu olmu\u015ftur: \u201cAh Vaspuragan, Y\u00fcce Krali\u00e7e \u015eamiram \u00e2\u015f\u0131k oldu sana\/Ye\u015filliklerinin leziz kayna\u011f\u0131 Asurlular\u2019\u0131n kalbini fethetti\u201d.<\/p>\n

Hatta Khrimyan\u2019a g\u00f6re, \u015eamiram ismi Van\u2019da bulunan me\u015fhur bir su kanal\u0131n\u0131n isminden gelir ve \u015fehrin di\u011fer ismi de \u015eamiramagerd\u2019dir. Khrimyan, ba\u015fka yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda Van\u2019\u0131 in\u015fa eden Ermeni liderlerin isimlerini zikretse de, \u015fehrin Ermeni ge\u00e7mi\u015finin ne kadar geriye gitti\u011fini vurgulamak i\u00e7in s\u0131kl\u0131kla \u015eamiram efsanesinin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izer.<\/p>\n

\n
\n<\/div>\n

Ermenilerin Babas\u0131 Khrimyan<\/b><\/p>\n

1820\u2019de Van\u2019da do\u011fdu. Sosyal, siyasal, k\u00fclt\u00fcr, e\u011fitim ve ulusal \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck hareketi temsilcisi. 1869-1873\u2019te T\u00fcrkiye Ermenileri Patri\u011fi, 1892-1907 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ise M\u0131g\u0131rdi\u00e7 I. Vanetsi (Van\u2019l\u0131 I. M\u0131g\u0131rdi\u00e7) olarak T\u00fcm D\u00fcnya Ermenileri Katolikosu olarak g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ger\u00e7ek ismiyle M\u0131g\u0131rdi\u00e7 Khrimyan, kendisini Ermenistan\u2019a, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sevgi ve \u00f6zveriyle kilisesine ve halk\u0131na adad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve haklar\u0131n\u0131 savundu\u011fu i\u00e7in Ermeniler taraf\u0131ndan Hayrig (Baba) ismiyle onurland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Van Lim (Ad\u0131r)\u00a0 ve Gduts (\u00c7arpanak) adalar\u0131ndaki manast\u0131rlarda e\u011fitim g\u00f6rd\u00fc. 1840\u2019larda Vaspuragan b\u00f6lgesini gezerek a\u011f\u0131r sosyal, ekonomik ko\u015fullar\u0131 yerinde izledi. 1842\u2019de \u0130stanbul\u2019a yerle\u015fti. 1846\u2019dan itibaren d\u00f6rt y\u0131l boyunca Hask\u00f6y Ermeni Okulu\u2019nda \u00f6\u011fretmenlik yapt\u0131. Van d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde evlendi ve askere gitmemek i\u00e7in acele olarak \u0130ran\u2019a, oradan G\u00fcmr\u00fc ve E\u00e7miadzin\u2019e ge\u00e7ti. 1848\u2019de Tiflis, Batum, \u0130stanbul ve Kud\u00fcs\u2019te bulundu. 1854\u2019te Akhtamar\u2019da Vartabed derecesiyle kutsand\u0131. \u0130stanbul ve Van Varak Manast\u0131r\u0131\u2019nda Ardzvi Vaspuragan (Van Kartal\u0131) gazetesini yay\u0131nlad\u0131 ve edit\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapt\u0131.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

1862\u2019de \u0130stanbul Patrikhanesi\u2019nin \u00f6nerisi ile Mu\u015f Surp Garabed Manast\u0131r\u0131 Ba\u015frahipli\u011fi\u2019ni \u00fcstlendi ve Jarankavorats Okulu\u2019nu a\u00e7t\u0131. 1863-1865 aras\u0131nda Mu\u015f\u2019ta Karekin S\u0131rvantsd\u0131yan edit\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, iki haftal\u0131k Ardzvig Darono (Mu\u015f Kartal\u0131) gazetesini yay\u0131nlad\u0131.<\/p>\n

1868\u2019de E\u00e7miadzin\u2019de Episkopos olarak kutsand\u0131 ve 1869\u2019da \u0130stanbul Ermeni Patri\u011fi se\u00e7ildi. 1860\u2019da kabul edilen Ermeni Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (nizamnamesi) g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmesi, Ermeni ta\u015fras\u0131ndaki z\u00fcl\u00fcm ve ya\u011fmalar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn al\u0131nmas\u0131, Ermeni Milli Meclisi\u2019ne ta\u015fradan se\u00e7ilerek gelen milletvekili say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, ta\u015fra ruhani \u00f6nderlerinin se\u00e7im sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenlenmesi gibi pek \u00e7ok talebi i\u00e7eren bir raporu 1872\u2019de Bab\u0131 Ali\u2019ye sundu. Bu nedenle h\u00fck\u00fcmetin ve Ermeni zenginlerinin \u015fim\u015feklerini \u00fczerine \u00e7ekti.\u00a0 Ertesi y\u0131l 1873\u2019te patriklikten istifa etti.\u00a0<\/p>\n

1878 Berlin Kongresi\u2019ne kat\u0131lan Ermeni heyetinin ba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak \u00f6nceden Almanya, Fransa, \u0130ngiltere ve \u0130talya\u2019y\u0131 ziyaret etti ve Ermeni sorununun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in destek arad\u0131. Kongre sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na u\u011frayarak tutumunu de\u011fi\u015ftirdi ve halka \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck m\u00fccadelesi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu.\u00a0<\/p>\n

1879\u2019da Vaspuragan Ruhani \u00d6nderi se\u00e7ildi. Van\u2019da Sev Kha\u00e7 (Kara Ha\u00e7) ve Erzurum\u2019da Ba\u015fdban Hayrenyats (Vatan\u0131n Koruyucusu) ulusal \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc gizli \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerinin kurulu\u015fu ve faaliyetlerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu. Bu, Bat\u0131 Ermenistan halk\u0131 aras\u0131nda olu\u015fan huzursuzlu\u011fun kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak Khrimyan\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Bu nedenle h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan 1885\u2019te \u0130stanbul\u2019a \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ld\u0131. S\u0131k\u0131 denetimleri dikkate almayarak, toplumsal faaliyetlerine \u0130stanbul\u2019da da devam etti. Ta\u015fra Ermenilerinin g\u00fcnden g\u00fcne k\u00f6t\u00fcye giden durumuna ili\u015fkin iki raporu Ermeni Milli Meclisi\u2019nin giri\u015fimi ile Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimine takdim etti. 1890\u2019da ise Kumkap\u0131 g\u00f6sterileri sonras\u0131nda Kud\u00fcs\u2019e s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edildi.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

1892\u2019de T\u00fcm D\u00fcnya Ermenileri Katolikosu se\u00e7ildi. Ancak Sultan II. Abd\u00fclhamid, Khrimyan\u2019\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na izin vermedi. Rus \u00c7ar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n araya girmesiyle 13 ay sonra E\u00e7miadzin\u2019e ula\u015farak 1893\u2019te T\u00fcm D\u00fcnya Ermenileri Patri\u011fi olarak kutsand\u0131. 1895\u2019te Petersburg\u2019a giderek \u00c7ar II. Nikola\u2019dan Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019da s\u00f6zde kalan reformlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in yard\u0131m ricas\u0131nda bulundu. 1894-1896\u2019da Anadolu\u2019da ya\u015fanan Ermeni k\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda halka maddi destek sa\u011flamak ve g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin geri d\u00f6nmesi i\u00e7in ko\u015fullar olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in yo\u011fun \u00e7aba sarf etti. 1903\u2019te Ermeni kilisesine ait gayrimenkullere ve okullara \u00c7arl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan el konulmas\u0131 karar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 yo\u011fun m\u00fccadele ba\u015flatt\u0131 ve 1905\u2019te m\u00fccadelesinde ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015ft\u0131. 1907\u2019de Kud\u00fcs\u2019te hayata veda etti.<\/p>\n

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\u2018K\u00e2\u011f\u0131ttan Kep\u00e7e\u2019<\/b><\/p>\n

\u2018Do\u011fu Sorunu\u2019nun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak Ermeni sorununun da ilk kez uluslararas\u0131 diplomasi alan\u0131nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Berlin Konferans\u0131, 13 Haziran-13 Temmuz 1878 tarihleri aras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlendi. Konferansa giderken Osmanl\u0131, 1877-1878 Osmanl\u0131-Rus Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda a\u011f\u0131r bir yenilgiye u\u011fram\u0131\u015f ve Ye\u015filk\u00f6y kap\u0131lar\u0131na kadar gelen Rusya ile bir anla\u015fma imzalamak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu antla\u015fman\u0131n 16. maddesi, Girit ve Ermenistan\u2019da gerekli \u0131slahatlar\u0131 yapmak olarak kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu antla\u015fmay\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in d\u00fczenlenen konferansa, Avrupa \u00fclkelerinin Ermeni sorununa ve ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r ko\u015fullara dikkat \u00e7ekmek amac\u0131yla, \u0130stanbul Ermeni siyasi \u00e7evreleri taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan bir raporu sunmak i\u00e7in M\u0131g\u0131rdi\u00e7 Khrimyan ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Berlin\u2019e bir heyet g\u00f6nderildi. Ancak heyetin konferans \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na kat\u0131lmas\u0131 kabul edilmedi.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ermenilere kapal\u0131 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde, Ye\u015filk\u00f6y Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 16. maddesi, hi\u00e7bir zaman uygulanmayan 61. madde olarak d\u00fczenlenerek, \u201cOsmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, halk\u0131 Ermeni olan eyaletlerde mahalli ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi \u0131slahat\u0131 yapmay\u0131 ve Ermenilerin \u00c7erkes ve K\u00fcrtlere kar\u015f\u0131 huzur ve g\u00fcvenliklerini garanti etmeyi taahh\u00fct eder ve bu konuda al\u0131nacak tedbirleri devletlere bildirece\u011finden, bu devletler s\u00f6z konusu tedbirlerin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zeteceklerdir\u201d \u015feklinde kabul edildi.<\/p>\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Ermeni heyeti bir sonu\u00e7 alamadan Berlin\u2019den ayr\u0131ld\u0131. O tarihlerde M\u0131g\u0131rdi\u00e7 Khrimyan bu durumu \u015f\u00f6yle de\u011ferlendirdi: \u201cOnlar \u00e7elik kep\u00e7eleriyle girdiler kharisa (bir \u00e7e\u015fit ke\u015fkek) kazanlar\u0131na, bizim ise, kep\u00e7e olarak dua kitaplar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n k\u00e2\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131 vard\u0131.\u201d Khrimyan\u2019\u0131n bu s\u00f6zleri, E\u00e7miadzin bah\u00e7esinde tasarlanan bir an\u0131tla \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczle\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/haber.php?seo=osmanli-ermenilerini-birlestiren-yayin-patrik-khrimyanin-ardzvi-vaspuragan-gazetesi&haberid=8510<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ZAKARYA M\u0130LDANO\u011eLU zakaryamil@gmail.com EMRE CAN DA\u011eLIO\u011eLU misakmanusyan@gmail.com 1869-1873 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u0130stanbul Patri\u011fi olarak g\u00f6rev yapan ve 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca siyaseten \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli sorumluluklar \u00fcstlenen M\u0131g\u0131rdi\u00e7 Khrimyan\u2019\u0131n Ermeni tarihinde en \u00e7ok iz b\u0131rakan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan birisi de 1855-1864 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ardzvi Vaspuragan (Van Kartal\u0131) gazetesi. Gazetenin \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc ve ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 konular\u0131, Houshamadyan sitesinde yay\u0131mlanan konuyla ilgili […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":32270,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,70,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32269","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-tarih-sayfalari"],"yoast_head":"\nOsmanl\u0131 Ermenilerini birle\u015ftiren yay\u0131n: Patrik Khrimyan\u2019\u0131n Ardzvi Vaspuragan gazetesi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=32269\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Osmanl\u0131 Ermenilerini birle\u015ftiren yay\u0131n: Patrik Khrimyan\u2019\u0131n Ardzvi Vaspuragan gazetesi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"ZAKARYA M\u0130LDANO\u011eLU zakaryamil@gmail.com EMRE CAN DA\u011eLIO\u011eLU misakmanusyan@gmail.com 1869-1873 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u0130stanbul Patri\u011fi olarak g\u00f6rev yapan ve 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca siyaseten \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli sorumluluklar \u00fcstlenen M\u0131g\u0131rdi\u00e7 Khrimyan\u2019\u0131n Ermeni tarihinde en \u00e7ok iz b\u0131rakan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan birisi de 1855-1864 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ardzvi Vaspuragan (Van Kartal\u0131) gazetesi. 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