{"id":29397,"date":"2014-04-14T02:07:00","date_gmt":"2014-04-14T07:07:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=29397"},"modified":"2014-04-14T03:05:30","modified_gmt":"2014-04-14T08:05:30","slug":"soykirim-hafizasinin-korunmasi-ve-yayilmasi-konusunda-iki-yaklasim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=29397","title":{"rendered":"Soyk\u0131r\u0131m haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve yay\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda iki yakla\u015f\u0131m"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Khachatur-Kobelyan-150x150\"<\/a>Kha\u00e7atur Kopelyan<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Soyk\u0131r\u0131m ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f herhangi bir milletin \u00f6nemli sorunlar\u0131ndan biri, soyk\u0131r\u0131m haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n etnik ortam\u0131n haricinde, o milletin, devletin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da korunmas\u0131 ve yay\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n kolektif ve tarihi haf\u0131zas\u0131, siyasette ve toplum ya\u015fam\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir rol oynamaktad\u0131r[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Bu makalenin amac\u0131, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ile Yahudi Holokost\u2019u \u00f6rne\u011finde, soyk\u0131r\u0131m haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n iki farkl\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 sunmak ve kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ile Yahudi Holokostu haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve yay\u0131lmas\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilen \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6zellikleri se\u00e7tik.<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Belirtilen milletin (Ermeni, Yahudi) soyk\u0131r\u0131m haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve yay\u0131lmas\u0131 metodunun en yayg\u0131n (en \u00e7ok kabul g\u00f6ren) birimi.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Soyk\u0131r\u0131m kurbanlar\u0131n\u0131n anma g\u00fcn\u00fc (rememrance day) ve soyk\u0131r\u0131m olaylar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcmlerinin, m\u00fczeler, an\u0131-kompleksleri ve abidelerin in\u015fas\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda an\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00d6z savunma, toplu isyan ve ayaklanmalar\u0131n, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ve Yahudi Holokostu\u2019na adanm\u0131\u015f m\u00fczelerin kal\u0131c\u0131 sergileri konseptine kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131.<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve yay\u0131lmas\u0131 metodunun en yayg\u0131n (en \u00e7ok kabul g\u00f6ren) birimi an\u0131t veya abidedir, Yahudi Holokostu durumunda ise, benzer bir birim olarak m\u00fczeyi, m\u00fcze an\u0131-kompleksi ve bilimsel-e\u011fitimsel merkezi kabul edebiliriz.<\/p>\n

2010 y\u0131l\u0131 itibar\u0131yla d\u00fcnyan\u0131n 44 \u00fclkesinde Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 kurbanlar\u0131na adanm\u0131\u015f 288 abide ve an\u0131t in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir.[3]<\/a> 2009 y\u0131l\u0131 itibar\u0131yla d\u00fcnyan\u0131n 28 \u00fclkesinde Holokost\u2019a adanm\u0131\u015f 264 bilim-e\u011fitim merkezi ve m\u00fcze bulunmaktad\u0131r.[4]<\/a> Tablo No 1\u2019de, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 kurbanlar\u0131 an\u0131s\u0131na adanm\u0131\u015f abidelerin say\u0131s\u0131 sunulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Tablo 1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

K\u0131ta veya \u00fclke<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Abidelerin say\u0131s\u0131<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Y\u00fczde oran\u0131<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Amerika<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

40<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

13,9%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Avustralya<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,7%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Asya<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

50<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

17,4%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Afrika<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1,7%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Avrupa<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

100<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

34,7%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

BDT devletleri<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

33<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

11,4%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Ermenistan Cumhuriyeti<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

57<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

19,8%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Da\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f Cumhuriyeti<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,3%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

Abidelerin yakla\u015f\u0131k 1\/3\u2019i Avrupa\u2019da bulunmakta, halbuki b\u00fcy\u00fck bir Ermeni diaspora toplulu\u011funun bulundu\u011fu Amerika ve Okyanusya\u2019da abidelerin toplam\u0131 %15\u2019i ge\u00e7memektedir.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk abide, 1932 y\u0131l\u0131nda Nikosia\u2019da in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir.[5]<\/a> Say\u0131ca en \u00e7ok abidenin Fransa\u2019da (43) in\u015fa edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131, Fransa\u2019daki b\u00fcy\u00fck Ermeni cemaatinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Ermeni lobisinin aktif faaliyetiyle a\u00e7\u0131klamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Fransa\u2019n\u0131n 29 May\u0131s 1998 tarihinde 1915 Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 alenen kabul etmesi bo\u015funa de\u011fildir.[6]<\/a> G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Frans\u0131z ba\u015fkan\u0131 Fran\u00e7ois Hollande ise, 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda Paris\u2019te, devletin imk\u00e2nlar\u0131yla bir Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 m\u00fczesi kurmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirtmi\u015ftir.[7]<\/a> Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 kurbanlar\u0131 an\u0131s\u0131na ithaf edilmi\u015f abidelerin say\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ikinci \u00fclke, 31 abide ile Suriye\u2019dir. Bu \u00fclkede de g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir Ermeni cemaati bulunmaktad\u0131r (cemaatin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019ndan hayatta kalanlar\u0131n varisidir), bunun haricinde, Suriye co\u011frafyas\u0131, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lge olup, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019na ithaf edilmi\u015f ilk m\u00fcze sergisinin (1991) burada a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu da tesad\u00fcf de\u011fildir.[8]<\/a><\/p>\n

Ermenistan\u2019da, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 kurbanlar\u0131n\u0131n an\u0131s\u0131na adanm\u0131\u015f ilk abide 1965 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulmu\u015f, 1967 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar ise Ermenistan\u2019da sadece iki abide bulunmaktayd\u0131. H\u00e2lbuki bu arada, diasporan\u0131n \u00e7abalar\u0131yla, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n 13 \u00fclkesinde 25 abidenin in\u015fa edilmi\u015f oldu\u011funu belirtmek gerekir. Bu olgu, Ermenistan\u2019da Sovyet d\u00fczeninin yerle\u015fmesinden sonra soyk\u0131r\u0131mla ilgili konu\u015fmalar\u0131n giderek s\u00f6nmesi, genel olarak da Ermeni-T\u00fcrk \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 anman\u0131n ho\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclmemesiyle ilgilidir. Tersine, milli olan her \u015fey giderek kabul edilmemekte ve menfi bir renge b\u00fcr\u00fcnmekteydi. Lakin devrim in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fc, \u015fevki ve \u015fa\u015faas\u0131n\u0131n ortam\u0131nda \u201cunutulmu\u015f\u201d ge\u00e7mi\u015fin sesleri giderek artmaya ba\u015flar.[9]<\/a><\/p>\n

1965 y\u0131l\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak Yerevan\u2019da, Dsidsernakaberd\u2019in panoramik tepesinde, fakat en \u00f6nemlisi, \u015fehir merkezinden uzak olarak, hayli k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede bir an\u0131-kompleksi in\u015fa edilir. Halk, 24 Nisan 1968 tarihinde ba\u015fkentin sokaklar\u0131 ve meydanlar\u0131n\u0131n aksine, Soyk\u0131r\u0131m kurbanlar\u0131n\u0131n an\u0131t\u0131na \u00e7i\u00e7ekler yerle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in, d\u00fczenli s\u0131ralar halinde \u015fehrin u\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131na ak\u0131n eder. B\u00f6ylelikle, 24 Nisan 1965 tarihindeki toplu g\u00f6steriler, takip eden y\u0131llarda, resmi olarak izin verilmemi\u015f yas y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.[10]<\/a><\/p>\n

Lakin Sovyet Ermenistan\u2019\u0131nda, 1988 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar \u00e7ok az say\u0131da abideler bulunmaktayd\u0131 (toplam 9). \u00d6zellikle Gorba\u00e7ov d\u00f6neminin \u00ab\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440o\u0439\u043a\u0430\u00bb-s\u0131 (Perestroyka\/Yeniden yap\u0131lanma-\u00e7ev. notu) ve Karaba\u011f hareketi y\u0131llar\u0131nda,[11]<\/a> ayr\u0131ca Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra durum de\u011fi\u015fir. 1987-1995 y\u0131llar\u0131yla tarihlendirece\u011fimiz bu dalga esnas\u0131nda, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019na ithaf edilmi\u015f abidelerin %24\u2019\u00fc (68 adet) in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130kinci dalga, 2005 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 90. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f, \u00f6zellikle 2005-2010 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda abidelerin %32\u2019si (92 adet) kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Tablo 2\u2019de, Yahudi Holokostu\u2019na ithaf edilmi\u015f, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n farkl\u0131 y\u00f6relerindeki bilim-e\u011fitim merkezleri ve m\u00fczeleri sunulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Tablo 2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

K\u0131ta veya \u00fclke<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Bilim-e\u011fitim merkezleri ve m\u00fczelerin say\u0131s\u0131<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Y\u00fczde oran\u0131<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Amerika<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

204<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

77,2%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Avustralya<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1,1%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Asya<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1,1%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Afrika<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.3%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Avrupa<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

36<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

13,6%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

BDT devletleri<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1,8%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0130srail<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

12<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

4,5%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Amerika ve Okyanusya\u2019da yakla\u015f\u0131k 207 bilim-e\u011fitim merkezi ve m\u00fczesi bulundu\u011fu ve aslan pay\u0131n\u0131n, 191 birimle (%72,3) ABD\u2019ye d\u00fc\u015fmesinden dolay\u0131 devasa bir kutupla\u015fma g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bunu, en b\u00fcy\u00fck Yahudi diasporas\u0131n\u0131n ABD\u2019de bulunmas\u0131 ve Yahudi Holokostu\u2019nu belli bir oranda Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n de\u011fer sisteminin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak kabul edebilmemizle yorumlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.[12]<\/a><\/p>\n

Kan\u0131m\u0131zca, Yahudi Holokostu\u2019nun haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve yay\u0131lmas\u0131 metodunun en yayg\u0131n (en \u00e7ok kabul g\u00f6ren) birimi, s\u0131kl\u0131kla ayn\u0131 yap\u0131 i\u00e7inde var olan ve birbirini tamamlayan bilim-e\u011fitim merkezi ve m\u00fczedir. Bunlar, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve yay\u0131lmas\u0131 metodunun en yayg\u0131n (en \u00e7ok kabul g\u00f6ren) birimiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, koruman\u0131n haricinde, soyk\u0131r\u0131m haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 etnos \u00e7evresinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da yayma ve di\u011fer etnoslar, milletler ve devletlerin de\u011fer sistemine ithal etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma konusunda daha geni\u015f imk\u00e2nlar sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Soyk\u0131r\u0131m kurbanlar\u0131n\u0131n anma g\u00fcn\u00fc (rememrance day) ve soyk\u0131r\u0131m olaylar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcmlerinin, m\u00fczeler, an\u0131-kompleksleri ve abide in\u015fas\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda an\u0131lmas\u0131 enteresand\u0131r. Bu iki durum da, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ve Yahudi Holokostu olay\u0131nda farkl\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ki durumda da soyk\u0131r\u0131m s\u00fcreci birka\u00e7 y\u0131l s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f olup, kurbanlar\u0131n an\u0131lmas\u0131 veya m\u00fcze, an\u0131-kompleksi kurulu\u015fu i\u00e7in belli bir tarihin se\u00e7ilmesinin, haf\u0131zalar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve yay\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6zelliklerinin \u015fekillenmesi s\u00fcrecinde \u00f6nemli bir rol oynamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Soyk\u0131r\u0131m kurbanlar\u0131n\u0131n anma g\u00fcn\u00fc, hem Ermeni, hem de Yahudi halk\u0131 aras\u0131nda yap\u0131sal \u00f6zelliklere sahip olup, en belirgin fark\u0131, an\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn adland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u201cErmeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n masum kurbanlar\u0131n\u0131 anma g\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d, \u201cHolokost \u015fehitleri ile kahramanlar\u0131n\u0131 anma g\u00fcn\u00fc (Holocaust Martyrs\u2019 and Heroes\u2019 Remembrance Day)\u201d.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, Yahudiler, Nazilere kar\u015f\u0131 kahramanca m\u00fccadele edenleri de \u00f6zel olarak belirtmektedir. Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda ciddi \u00f6z savunma \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bizim durumumuzda benzer bir ay\u0131r\u0131m bulunmamaktad\u0131r.[13]<\/a> Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131 anma g\u00fcn\u00fc, Bat\u0131 Ermenistan ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n \u201cba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n u\u00e7uruldu\u011fu\u201d g\u00fcn olan 24 Nisanda hat\u0131rlanmaktad\u0131r. Yahudi Holokostu\u2019nu anma g\u00fcn\u00fc ise, \u0130srail Kneseti\u2019nin 1953 karar\u0131na g\u00f6re, Nisan sonu veya May\u0131s ba\u015f\u0131na tekab\u00fcl eden[14]<\/a> (hem Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131, hem de Yahudi Holokostu\u2019nun an\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn 24 Nisan\u2019a denk gelece\u011fi 2017 y\u0131l\u0131 ilgin\u00e7 olacakt\u0131r)[15]<\/a> Yahudilerin Nisan ay\u0131n\u0131n 27. g\u00fcn\u00fcnde[16]<\/a> ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir. Bunun haricinde, 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda BM Genel Kurulu taraf\u0131ndan 27 Ocak[17]<\/a>, \u201cHolokost kurbanlar\u0131n\u0131 anmaya y\u00f6nelik y\u0131ll\u0131k uluslar aras\u0131 g\u00fcn\u201d olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Soyk\u0131r\u0131m kurbanlar\u0131n\u0131 anma amac\u0131yla bu g\u00fcn\u00fcn se\u00e7ilmi\u015f olmas\u0131, en az iki fakt\u00f6rle ilgilidir. \u00d6ncelikle, \u0130srail devletinin kurulu\u015funun, Arap-\u0130srail sava\u015flar\u0131yla \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131,[18]<\/a> o \u015fartlarda Yahudi Holokostu\u2019nun an\u0131lmas\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda Yahudi milletini sadece kurban rol\u00fcnde g\u00f6stermek uygun de\u011fildi ve yeni olu\u015fturulmu\u015f \u0130srail ordusu i\u00e7in yeni motivasyonlar bulmak gerekiyordu. \u0130kinci fakt\u00f6r, Yahudi Holokostu uluslar aras\u0131 alanda telin edilmi\u015fti ve art\u0131k Yahudi milletini \u201ckurban\u201d rol\u00fcnden \u00e7\u0131karmak gerekiyordu.<\/p>\n

Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ve Yahudi Holokostu\u2019na itaf edilmi\u015f an\u0131tlar, m\u00fczeler ve an\u0131-komplekslerinin kurulmas\u0131, soyk\u0131r\u0131m s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcmleriyle b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019na ithaf edilen an\u0131tlar\u0131n 103\u2019\u00fc (yakla\u015f\u0131k %36) Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131 anma y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcmlerinde (Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lmas\u0131nda 1915 \u00f6zel bir yer tutmaktad\u0131r) in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019na ithaf edilmi\u015f tek b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fcze ise 1995 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n masum kurbanlar\u0131n\u0131n an\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n 80. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yahudi Holokostu\u2019na ithaf edilmi\u015f m\u00fczelerin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tamamen farkl\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131m g\u00f6rmekteyiz. \u0130srail\u2019de bulunan Yad Va\u015fem[19]<\/a>, 1953 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Var\u015fova gettosu isyan\u0131n\u0131n[20]<\/a> onuncu y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, Washington\u2019da bulunan MNHHT[21]<\/a> ise, 1993 y\u0131l\u0131nda, ayn\u0131 olay\u0131n 50. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde (belirtilen olgunun y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcmlerinde genel olarak 21 (%8) m\u00fcze ve bilim-e\u011fitim merkezi a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r). Naziler taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulmu\u015f en b\u00fcy\u00fck toplama kamp\u0131 olan Auschwitz-Birkenau\u2019nun kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcmlerinde de m\u00fczelerin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tertiplemek yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Yahudi Holokostu\u2019na ithaf edilen m\u00fcze ve bilim-e\u011fitim merkezlerinin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n en yo\u011fun d\u00f6nemi olarak, 184 kurulu\u015fun (yakla\u015f\u0131k %69) olu\u015fturuldu\u011fu 1979-2000 y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 kabul edebiliriz.<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc fakt\u00f6r, \u00f6z savunma, toplu isyan ve ayaklanmalar\u0131n, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ve Yahudi Holokostu\u2019na adanm\u0131\u015f m\u00fczelerin kal\u0131c\u0131 sergileri konseptine kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 M\u00fczesi, 18 y\u0131ll\u0131k tarihindeki kal\u0131c\u0131 sergilerinde, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019ndaki Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda olu\u015fan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00f6z savunma m\u00fccadelelerine hemen-hemen de\u011finmemi\u015f, sadece Musa Da\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kahramanl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesine ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u0131s\u0131m (kan\u0131m\u0131zca, bu k\u0131sm\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda Franz Werfel\u2019in \u201cMusa Da\u011f\u0131\u2019nda k\u0131rk g\u00fcn\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131n olgusuyla ilgilidir) istisna te\u015fkil etmekle birlikte, kal\u0131c\u0131 sergide s\u00fcrekli yer bulmamaktad\u0131r.[22]<\/a> Halbuki Yahudi Holokostu\u2019na ithaf edilen hemen t\u00fcm m\u00fczelerin kal\u0131c\u0131 sergilerinin konseptinde, Var\u015fova gettosunun ayaklanmas\u0131 ve m\u00fcnferit isyanlar k\u0131sm\u0131, \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir yere sahiptir.[23]<\/a><\/p>\n

Dahas\u0131, Pavel Polayan, \u00ab\u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0410\u0443\u0448\u0432\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0411\u0430\u0431\u044c\u0438\u043c \u042f\u0440\u043e\u043c: \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u041a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u00bb kitab\u0131n\u0131n ikinci k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131, Zalman Gradovski\u2019ye[24]<\/a> ve onun, isyan\u0131n gidi\u015fat\u0131n\u0131 takdim eden g\u00fcnl\u00fcklerine ay\u0131rarak, Yad Va\u015fem\u2019in dahi, Gradovski\u2019nin g\u00fcnl\u00fcklerini yay\u0131nlamak i\u00e7in \u201cpara bulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d konusunda ilgin\u00e7 bir fikir ileri s\u00fcrmekte ve ard\u0131ndan \u201cbulam\u0131yor musunuz, yoksa bulmak istemiyor musunuz\u201d diye eklemektedir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu g\u00fcnl\u00fckler, m\u00fczelerdeki sergilerde takdim edilen \u201ckahramanl\u0131k\u201d konseptine pek uymamaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130lgili g\u00f6zlemlerden, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ile Yahudi Holokostu haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve yay\u0131lmas\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirilmesi perspektiflerinin tamamen farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu sonucuna varmaktay\u0131z. Ermeniler aras\u0131nda, genelde Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131n anma y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcmlerinde abidelerin in\u015fa edilmesi yayg\u0131nd\u0131r, Yahudilerde de benzer yakla\u015f\u0131mlar olmakla birlikte daha zay\u0131f vurgulanmaktad\u0131r. Soyk\u0131r\u0131m kurbanlar\u0131n\u0131 anma g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn se\u00e7imi, Yahudiler aras\u0131nda, daha \u00e7ok m\u00fccadele, Ermenilerde ise kurban stat\u00fcs\u00fc ve yas anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Kal\u0131c\u0131 m\u00fcze sergileri konseptinde \u00f6z savunmalar, toplu ayaklanmalar ve isyanlar\u0131n eklenmesi veya bunlar\u0131n eksikli\u011fi, bir \u00f6nceki sonucu tamamlamakta ve gelecek nesillere ne \u201ckalitede\u201d bir haf\u0131za sunuldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kopelyan Kh., Soyk\u0131r\u0131m haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve yay\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda iki yakla\u015f\u0131m. \u201cErmeni halk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc\u201d XIII. Ermeni k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde geleneksel ve modern olan\u0131, redakte eden S. Harutyunyan, H. Marutyan, S. Hobosyan, T. Hayrapetyan, L. Abrahamyan, Yerevan: \u201cGitutyun\u201d, 2014, s.350-357.<\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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[1]<\/a> H. Marutyan<\/i>, Ermeni kimli\u011finin betimlenmesi. 1. cilt, Soyk\u0131r\u0131m haf\u0131zas\u0131 ve Karaba\u011f hareketi, Yerevan, 2009, s.53.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[2]<\/a> Ara\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6neticim, tarih doktoru Harutyun Marutyan\u2019a, m\u00fcnazaralar\u0131m\u0131z esnas\u0131nda dikkatimi bu konuya \u00e7ekmi\u015f oldu\u011fu, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini benimle payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yararl\u0131 fikirler verdi\u011fi i\u00e7in kendisine derin \u015f\u00fckranlar\u0131m\u0131 iletirim.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[3]<\/a> Ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak bk. Ac\u0131, an\u0131 ve m\u00fccadele an\u0131tlar\u0131, Yerevan, 2010, s.11-20, http:\/\/akunq.net\/am\/?p=27480<\/a>; http:\/\/www.armenian-genocide.org\/memorials.html<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[4]<\/a> Ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak bk. W. Shulman<\/i>, Association of Holocaust organizations, Houston, 2009.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[5]<\/a> Ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak bk. Ac\u0131, an\u0131 ve m\u00fccadele an\u0131tlar\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[6]<\/a> Ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak bk. L. Barse\u011fyan<\/i>, Ermeni soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131, Yerevan, 2005, s.431-476. http:\/\/www.armenian-genocide.org\/Affirmation.155\/current_category.7\/affirmation_detail.html<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[7]<\/a> http:\/\/www.panorama.am\/am\/society\/2012\/03\/14\/hollande\/<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[8]<\/a> Ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak bk. ttp:\/\/www.armenian-genocide.org\/Memorial.110\/current_category.72\/memorials_detail.html<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[9]<\/a> H. Marutyan<\/i>, belirtilen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, s.70.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[10]<\/a> A.g.e., s.71.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[11]<\/a> Soyk\u0131r\u0131m haf\u0131zas\u0131 ve Karaba\u011f hareketi aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131 ile ilgili ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak bk. H. Marutyan<\/i>, belirtilen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[12]<\/a> Konuyla ilgili bk. ayr\u0131ca Edward T. Linenthal<\/i>, Preserving Memory: The Struggle to Create America\u2019s Ho\u00ad\u00adlo\u00adcaust Museum, New York, 2001, pp. 44, 216.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[13]<\/a> Bu konuyla ilgili \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar vard\u0131r. Bu s\u0131radaki son ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma R. Sahakyan<\/i>, Bat\u0131 Ermenilerinin Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ve \u00f6z savunma \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 1915, Yerevan, 2005. Bk. ayr\u0131ca H. Marutyan<\/i>, belirtilen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, s. 64-65. H. Marutyan<\/i>, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ile Yahudi Holokostu haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131sal \u00f6zellikleri, Tarih ve Edebiyat \u00dcniversitesi, 2011, say\u0131 2.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[14]<\/a> 14Yahudi parlamentosu bu g\u00fcn\u00fc, Var\u015fova Yahudi gettosunda fa\u015fistlere kar\u015f\u0131 ayaklanman\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 ve \u0130srail\u2019in ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k g\u00fcn\u00fc aras\u0131nda bir yer te\u015fkil etti\u011finden ve bu tarihin, geleneksel Yahudi yas\u0131n\u0131n (Counting of the Omer) i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 se\u00e7mi\u015ftir. H. Marutyan<\/i>, Ermeni kimli\u011finin betimlenmesi, s.65.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[15]<\/a> H. Marutyan<\/i>, Yad Va\u015fem, \u0130srail\u2019de Holokost\u2019la ilgili haf\u0131za, http:\/\/www.noravank.am\/am\/?page=analitics&nid=747<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[16]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ushmm.org\/remembrance\/dor\/calendar\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[17]<\/a> 27 Ocak 1945, Auschw\u0131tz-Birkenau\u2019nun Sovyet ordular\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n tarihidir. Ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak bk. Louis Weber<\/i>, The Holocaust chronicle, Illinois, 2009, p. 591.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[18]<\/a> 14 May\u0131s 1948 tarihinde, Filistin \u00fczerindeki Britanya mandas\u0131n\u0131n sona ermesinden bir g\u00fcn \u00f6nce, Davit Ben-Gurion taraf\u0131ndan, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Yahudi devletinin, BM plan\u0131yla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen b\u00f6lgede kurulmu\u015f oldu\u011fu ilan edilir. Arap Ligas\u0131 \u00fclkeleri, ertesi g\u00fcn\u00fc \u0130srail\u2019e sava\u015f ilan ederek, be\u015f Arap \u00fclkesi (Suriye, M\u0131s\u0131r, L\u00fcbnan Irak ve Trans\u00fcrd\u00fcn) hemen yeni kurulan \u00fclkeye sald\u0131r\u0131p Arap-\u0130srail sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131lar. Bu sava\u015f \u0130srail\u2019de \u201cBa\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k sava\u015f\u0131\u201d olarak an\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak bk. http:\/\/esod.spb.ru\/history\/israel.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[19]<\/a> Yahudi halk\u0131n\u0131n Avrupa k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n felaketinin kurbanlar\u0131 an\u0131s\u0131na kurulan an\u0131-kompleksi \u201cYad Va\u015fem, Holokost \u015fehitleri ve kahramanlar\u0131 [hakk\u0131nda] haf\u0131za [sa\u011flama] konusunda yetkili kurul\u201d (Yad Vashem. The Holocaust Martyrs’ and Heroes’ Remembrance Authority).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[20]<\/a> \u0130syan 23 Nisan 1943 tarihinden 16 May\u0131sa kadar s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[21]<\/a> Birle\u015fik Devletler Holokost an\u0131 m\u00fczesi (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum<\/a>).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[22]<\/a> Bu durum, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 M\u00fczesi (ESM) ar\u015fivinin kal\u0131c\u0131 sergisindeki foto\u011fraflar aras\u0131nda benzer bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn eksikli\u011fini kan\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r. Lakin ESM m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc H. Demoyan\u2019\u0131n s\u00f6zleriyle, ESM\u2019nin, 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen yeni sergisinde, Ermenilerin \u00f6z savunma \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 ihtiva eden ve Ermeni kahramanlar\u0131n an\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczle\u015ftiren bir k\u0131s\u0131m da bulunacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[23]<\/a> Jeshajahu Weinberg, Rina Elieli<\/i>, The Holocaust Museum in Washington, New York 1995, p. 108.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[24]<\/a> 7 Ekim 1944 Auschwitz-Birkenau isyanc\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri (1908\/9-1944), \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma esnas\u0131nda hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7eviren: Diran Lokmag\u00f6zyan<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Akunq.net<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kha\u00e7atur Kopelyan Soyk\u0131r\u0131m ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f herhangi bir milletin \u00f6nemli sorunlar\u0131ndan biri, soyk\u0131r\u0131m haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n etnik ortam\u0131n haricinde, o milletin, devletin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da korunmas\u0131 ve yay\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n kolektif ve tarihi haf\u0131zas\u0131, siyasette ve toplum ya\u015fam\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir rol oynamaktad\u0131r[1]. Bu makalenin amac\u0131, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ile Yahudi Holokost\u2019u \u00f6rne\u011finde, soyk\u0131r\u0131m haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n iki farkl\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 sunmak […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44,1,70],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29397","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ermeni-soykirimi","category-haberler","category-makaleler"],"yoast_head":"\nSoyk\u0131r\u0131m haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve yay\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda iki yakla\u015f\u0131m - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=29397\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Soyk\u0131r\u0131m haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve yay\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda iki yakla\u015f\u0131m - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kha\u00e7atur Kopelyan Soyk\u0131r\u0131m ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f herhangi bir milletin \u00f6nemli sorunlar\u0131ndan biri, soyk\u0131r\u0131m haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n etnik ortam\u0131n haricinde, o milletin, devletin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da korunmas\u0131 ve yay\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. 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