{"id":22805,"date":"2013-04-09T05:08:09","date_gmt":"2013-04-09T10:08:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=22805"},"modified":"2013-04-09T05:08:09","modified_gmt":"2013-04-09T10:08:09","slug":"ittihatcilarin-1926-yargilamalari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=22805","title":{"rendered":"\u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n 1926 Yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Meline<\/a>Meline Anumyan<\/b><\/p>\n

(Tarih bilimleri doktoru)<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

1923-1926 tarihlerinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fanan siyasi geli\u015fmeler, muhalefet cephesinde bulunan \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 liderler ve \u0130zmir suikast\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 yenilgisi sonras\u0131nda birka\u00e7 gruba b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr. \u0130\u00e7lerinden bir grup, padi\u015fahla i\u015fbirli\u011fine ba\u015flar, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n liderlerinden olu\u015fan di\u011fer grup yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ka\u00e7ar, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc grup ise milli hareketin \u00e7ekirde\u011fini olu\u015fturur. Bu son grup da kendi i\u00e7inde alt gruplara b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr. Bu alt gruplardan biri, milli bir devlet kurmaya tamamen taraftarken, di\u011fer grup, milli hareketin zaferinden sonra, eski sistemin yeniden tesisini arzu etmekteydi[1]<\/a>. \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 elit, anayasal monar\u015finin korunmas\u0131na niyetliyken, Mustafa Kemal ve arkada\u015flar\u0131, cumhuriyet taraftar\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar, milli hareketin zaferinden sonra, t\u00fcm \u015fartlara ve devlet sistemine ra\u011fmen, her ne pahas\u0131na olursa olsun iktidarda kalmaya niyetliydi. Doktor Naz\u0131m, Rahmi ve Cavit beyler, H\u00fcseyin Cahit, \u0130smail Canpolat ve di\u011ferleri, yeni bir siyasi parti kurmaya hi\u00e7 gerek olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki t\u00fcm siyasi olu\u015fumlar\u0131n, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki \u00fczerine kurulabilece\u011fi konusunu Mustafa Kemal\u2019e telkin etmesi i\u00e7in, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lardan Kara Kemal\u2019i k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131r[2]<\/a>. Ayn\u0131 Kara Kemal[3]<\/a>, 1922 Oca\u011f\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019da, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi\u2019nin yeniden tesisi i\u00e7in gizli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc[4]<\/a>. 29 Kas\u0131m 1922 tarihinde \u0130stanbul\u2019da, eski \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n gizli toplant\u0131s\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Mustafa Kemal, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi\u2019ni diriltme denemelerinin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc almak niyetiyle, yak\u0131n \u00e7evresinde \u0130hsan\u2019\u0131 ve \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemesi \u00fcyesi K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Ali\u2019yi \u0130stanbul\u2019a, Kara Kemal\u2019le g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde bulunmaya g\u00f6nderir. Lakin \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar, ondan sonra da gizli faaliyetlerine son vermez[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Mustafa Kemal de di\u011fer taraftan \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131, \u00f6zellikle de partinin s\u0131radan \u00fcyelerini kendi taraf\u0131na \u00e7ekmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktayd\u0131[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn biyograf\u0131 Falih R\u0131fk\u0131 Atay, konuyla ilgili olarak \u201cMustafa Kemal \u0130ttihat-ve-Terakki\u2019nin bir vatanseverler partisi oldu\u011funada \u015f\u00fcphe etmemi\u015ftir. Sorumlu olanlar, ba\u015f\u0131nda bulunanlard\u0131. Onlar da gurbette \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015flerdi. Acaba geri kalanlar, eski bir \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 olan Mustafa Kemal\u2019in \u015fefli\u011fini tan\u0131yarak onunla \u00e7al\u0131\u015facaklar m\u0131 idi? K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kadro i\u00e7in mesele yoktu. Fakat Doktor Naz\u0131m gibi, Kara Kemal gibi hemen hemen Tal\u00e2t ayar\u0131nda n\u00fcfuzlu merkez-i umumiciler ne fikirde idiler?[7]<\/a>\u201d.<\/p>\n

Mustafa Kemal, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin ilan\u0131ndan \u00f6nce, \u00fclkenin ekonomik, sosyal ve siyasi alanlar\u0131nda baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli ve temel reformlar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015fti. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin, Kemalistlerin y\u00f6netime gelmesinden \u00f6nce ekonomik olarak Bat\u0131l\u0131 devletlere ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 geri kalm\u0131\u015f bir \u00fclke oldu\u011funu belirtmek gerekir. Uluslar aras\u0131 kapital, Kemalistlerin zaferinden sonra da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, hemen t\u00fcm sanayi ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, demiryolu ve deniz ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bankalar\u0131, ticari \u015firketlerini elinde tutmaktayd\u0131 ve gen\u00e7 T\u00fcrkiye h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, imparatorlu\u011fun bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kapatabilmek i\u00e7in yabanc\u0131 bankalara devasa mebl\u00e2\u011flar \u00f6demeye mecbur olmu\u015ftu[8]<\/a>. Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131ndan sonra (23 Temmuz 1923), T\u00fcrk ekonomisinin hemen t\u00fcm temel alanlar\u0131 Avrupal\u0131 kapitalistlerin elinde bulunmaktayd\u0131. 1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda, i\u00e7lerinde 7 demiryolu \u015firketi ve 23 banka olmak \u00fczere, 94 yabanc\u0131 \u015firket T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de faaliyet g\u00f6stermekteydi[9]<\/a>. 1923 tarihinde \u0130zmir\u2019de d\u00fczenlenen ekonomik toplant\u0131, ekonomik sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne y\u00f6nelikti. O d\u00f6nemlerde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bulunan Sovyet diplomat\u0131 S. Aralov, bu toplant\u0131yla ilgili \u201cMuhalif liderler, \u0130zmir toplant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ekonomik konular\u0131n tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131ndan ziyade, Mustafa Kemal taraf\u0131ndan, kendi reklam\u0131n\u0131 yapmak ve yeni bir parti kurmak i\u00e7in d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc dillendirmekteydi. (\u2026) Siyasi gruplar aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadele daha o zamanlar sertle\u015fmi\u015fti\u201d,- diye belirtmektedir[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Kemalistler, ekonomik reformlar haricinde, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin i\u00e7 siyasi hayat\u0131nda da temel siyasi de\u011fi\u015fimler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir. \u00d6zelikle padi\u015fahl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve halifeli\u011fin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 belirtmeye de\u011fer. Mustafa Kemal, halifeli\u011fin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nerisinin \u00fclke i\u00e7inde sert tepkilere neden olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak, \u00f6nce sadece padi\u015fahl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve padi\u015fah\u0131n s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilmesi sorununu ortaya atar[11]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi, 1 Kas\u0131m 1922 tarihinde padi\u015fahl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda kanunu kabul eder[12]<\/a>. Padi\u015fahl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra, rejimin sa\u011flam temeller \u00fczerine oturtulup, padi\u015fah taraftarlar\u0131n\u0131n etkisinin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bir dizi etkinlikler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. Mustafa Kemal, 29 Ekim 1923 tarihinde \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc ile haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu, \u00fc\u00e7 noktadan olu\u015fan bir tasla\u011f\u0131 meclisin tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na sunar.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. T\u00fcrk devletinin devlet sistemi cumhuriyettir.<\/li>\n
  2. T\u00fcrk devletinin ba\u015f\u0131 TBMM\u2019dir.<\/li>\n
  3. T\u00fcrk devleti, bakanlar kurulu taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilecektir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Bu taslak, ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde Meclis taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilir. Muhaliflerden hi\u00e7biri, a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a bu tasla\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmaz[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Halifeli\u011fin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na gelince, 3 Mart 1924 tarihinde, \u015eeyh Saffet Efendi liderli\u011finde bir grup milletvekili, halifeli\u011fin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Osmanl\u0131 hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm \u00fcyelerinin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmesiyle ilgili bir kanun tasar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 TBMM\u2019ne sunar. Baz\u0131 milletvekillerinin itirazlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n kanun, 1924 Mart\u0131nda TBMM taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilir[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Mustafa Kemal 8 Nisan 1923 tarihinde, yeni kurulan Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n[15]<\/a> 9 prensiplerini ilan eder. Bu prensipler, partinin \u00f6n se\u00e7im program\u0131n\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturur ve cumhuriyetin siyasi sisteminin d\u00fczenlenmesi konusunda b\u00fcy\u00fck rol oynar. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin i\u00e7 siyasi hayat\u0131nda aktif rol oynamak isteyen ittihat\u00e7\u0131lar da, yukar\u0131da belirtilen programa kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, esas talebin padi\u015fahl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve halifeli\u011fin yeniden tesisi oldu\u011fu, \u201c9 maddeden\u201d olu\u015fan bir taslak[16]<\/a> haz\u0131rlarlar. \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi\u2019nin ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde yeniden te\u015fkil edilmesinin halk\u0131n infialine yol a\u00e7acak kadar prestij kaybetmi\u015f oldu\u011funun bilincinde olarak, Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131 etraf\u0131nda toplan\u0131r[17]<\/a>. Parti t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn Kara Kemal taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, parti lideri olarak K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir, yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 olarak ise H\u00fcseyin Rauf Orbay ve Ali Fuat Cebesoy se\u00e7ilir.<\/p>\n

    Mustafa Kemal\u2019in daha 1919 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Erzurum ve Sivas kongreleri esnas\u0131nda \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n muhalefetiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu belirtmek gerekir[18]<\/a>. Cumhuriyetin ilan\u0131ndan sonra muhalefet esasen padi\u015fahl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve halifeli\u011fin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130lk z\u0131tla\u015fmalar, \u0130stanbul ve Ankara bas\u0131n\u0131 sayfalar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir[19]<\/a>. Rauf Orbay ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k g\u00f6revinden istifa etti\u011finde Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, bir\u00e7o\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan beklenen b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi, 9 Kas\u0131m 1924 tarihinde vuku bulur[20]<\/a>. Orbay, 17 Kas\u0131m 1924 tarihinde 9 arkada\u015f\u0131yla birlikte, Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131yla ilgili ba\u015fvurusunu ve partinin onaylanmas\u0131n\u0131n hemen akabinde yay\u0131nlanan parti program\u0131n\u0131 \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na teslim eder[21]<\/a>. TBMM\u2019nde ilk siyasi grubun olu\u015fumu daha \u201cAnadolu ve Rumeli M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti\u2019nin\u201d olu\u015fturulmas\u0131yla ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Mustafa Kemal\u2019in y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda bulunan bu grup \u201c\u0130lk grup\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Muhalefette bulunan \u201c\u0130kinci grub\u201dun ileri gelen liderlerinden biri ise \u201cTan\u201d gazetesinin ba\u015f redakt\u00f6r\u00fc ve Trabzon mebusu Ali \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc olmu\u015ftur. \u201c\u0130kinci grup\u201d \u00fcyeleri, Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131\u2019na ge\u00e7er[22]<\/a>. Eski e\u011fitim bakan\u0131 \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Bleda, eski i\u00e7i\u015fleri bakan\u0131 \u0130smail Canpolat, milletvekilleri Abidin ve Halis Turgut vb. gibi \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 liderler, partinin kurucular\u0131 aras\u0131nda bulunmaktayd\u0131[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Yukar\u0131da belirtildi\u011fi gibi, yeni partinin s\u0131ralar\u0131nda \u00e7ok say\u0131da eski \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 bulunmaktayd\u0131. Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131 ger\u00e7ekte, yeralt\u0131na ge\u00e7mi\u015f olan \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi\u2019nin Mustafa Kemal\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 yeni bir \u201caskeri kanat\u201d olu\u015fturan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n resmi h\u00fcviyete b\u00fcr\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f \u015fekliydi[24]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n program maddeleri aras\u0131nda \u201cparti, dini inanca kar\u015f\u0131 sayg\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r\u201d ibaresi, Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan laikli\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 bir tehdit olarak yorumland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede parti i\u00e7in sorun olu\u015fturur[25]<\/a>. Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131, Ankara, \u0130stanbul ve \u0130zmir gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerin haricinde, Urfa\u2019da \u015fube a\u00e7ar ve Sivas\u2019ta te\u015fkilatlanmaya ba\u015flar[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Mustafa Kemal\u2019in, yukar\u0131da belirtilen k\u00f6kten de\u011fi\u015fimleri, gericilerin sert muhalefetiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r. 1925 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki \u015eeyh Sait ayaklanmas\u0131, \u00f6z\u00fcnde bir K\u00fcrt ayaklanmas\u0131 olmakla birlikte, d\u0131\u015fa do\u011fru cumhuriyete ve prensiplerine kar\u015f\u0131 olup, teokratik d\u00fczen kurma \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Asiler, baz\u0131 Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131 \u00fcyelerinden destek al\u0131r, bu ise h\u00fck\u00fcmetin, onlara kar\u015f\u0131 daha sert \u00f6nlemler almas\u0131na f\u0131rsat verir.<\/p>\n

    Dahas\u0131, 4 Mart 1925 tarihinde Meclis, konuyla ilgili bir kanun maddesi kabul ederek padi\u015fahl\u0131k ve halifelik yarar\u0131na propaganday\u0131 yasaklar[27]<\/a>. Ayn\u0131 zamanda kabul edilen Takrir-i S\u00fck\u00fbn Yasas\u0131, muhalif \u00f6rg\u00fctlere kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele etme konusunda geni\u015f imk\u00e2nlar sunar. \u0130smet Pa\u015fa h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, 3 Haziran 1925 tarihinde bu kanuna dayanarak, Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n faaliyetlerine son verir ve hemen t\u00fcm muhalif bas\u0131n organlar\u0131n\u0131 kapat\u0131r[28]<\/a>. Bu partinin TBMM\u2019nde bulunan temsilcileri, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z mebus olur[29]<\/a>. Kanunun y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesiyle birlikte \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemeleri de yeniden kurulur[30]<\/a>. \u015eark \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemesi, 25 May\u0131s 1925 tarihinde b\u00f6lge vilayetlerine g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi yaz\u0131da, Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131 \u015fubelerinin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep eder. Bu talep, valiler taraf\u0131ndan hemen uygulan\u0131r ve parti \u015fubelerinin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131yla ilgili kay\u0131tlar mahkemeye yollan\u0131r[31]<\/a>. Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n faaliyetleri 3 Haziran 1925 tarihinde, \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan yasaklan\u0131r[32]<\/a>. Lakin \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar, partinin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan yeralt\u0131na ge\u00e7erek, Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn fiziki olarak ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik planlar yapmaya ba\u015flar[33]<\/a>. Tarih\u00e7i Murat \u00c7ulcu\u2019nun hakl\u0131 olarak belirtmi\u015f oldu\u011fu gibi, ittihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6zellikle k\u0131zd\u0131ran durum, Mustafa Kemal\u2019in yeni bir d\u00fczen kurarken kendilerini tamamen siyaset d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yd\u0131[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar, 1926 y\u0131l\u0131nda gerici g\u00fc\u00e7leri k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtarak Erzurum, Sivas ve Kayseri\u2019de oldu\u011fu gibi, di\u011fer \u015fehirlerde de toplu g\u00f6steriler tertipler[35]<\/a>. T\u00fcm de\u011fi\u015fimler Kemal\u2019le ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131, onun \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi durumunda eski d\u00fczeni tekrar geri getirme imk\u00e2n\u0131 oldu\u011funun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler[36]<\/a>. Mustafa Kemal\u2019in eski silah arkada\u015flar\u0131 olan K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir, Ali Fuat ve Rauf Orbay\u2019\u0131n muhalefet cephesine ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131 \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 umutland\u0131r\u0131r[37]<\/a>. T\u00fcrk profes\u00f6r Erg\u00fcn Aybars\u2019\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131yla, Takrir-i S\u00fck\u00fbn Yasas\u0131 ve \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemeleri\u2019nin s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f olduklar\u0131 faaliyetler, \u015eeyh Sait ayaklanmas\u0131 sonucunda has\u0131l olan ortam, ihtilalc\u0131 hareketin geni\u015flemesi, Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131, \u015eapka Kanunu ve daha ba\u015fka olaylar \u00fclkenin toplumsal yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck etki b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131, 1925-1926 y\u0131llar\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin en kritik y\u0131llar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na y\u00f6nelik planlanan suikastla ilgili \u015fahsen Mustafa Kemal ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet daha 1926 y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015flar\u0131nda haberdard\u0131. \u00dcstelik o zaman kendilerine haber veren ki\u015fi, yasaklanan Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131 \u00fcyelerinden Sar\u0131 Edip Efe[39]<\/a> olmu\u015f, lakin Kemalist h\u00fck\u00fcmet bu suikast\u0131, muhalefetle hesap g\u00f6rmek amac\u0131yla kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131[40]<\/a>. H\u00fck\u00fcmet, tam da bu y\u00fczden 1926 ba\u015flar\u0131nda suikast tertipleyicilerini tutuklama konusunda tedbirler ele almaz.<\/p>\n

    Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, 7 May\u0131s 1926 tarihinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin do\u011fu ve bat\u0131 vilayetlerini kapsayan bir geziye \u00e7\u0131kar. Kemal, 14 Haziran 1926\u2019da Bal\u0131kesir\u2019den, plana g\u00f6re 15 Haziranda suikast\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fece\u011fi \u0130zmir\u2019e do\u011fru yola \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 gerekmekteydi. Yap\u0131lan plana istinaden suikast, \u0130zmir Kemeralt\u0131 caddesinin \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131ya a\u00e7\u0131lan k\u0131sm\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek, G\u00fcrc\u00fc Yusuf, Laz \u0130smail ve \u00c7opur Hilmi bu noktada Kemal\u2019e ate\u015f a\u00e7acakt\u0131[41]<\/a>. Lakin suikast haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n son toplant\u0131s\u0131 Giritli ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131 \u015eevki\u2019nin evinde yap\u0131l\u0131r ve \u015eevki, 15 Haziran ak\u015fam\u0131 hemen \u0130stanbul\u2019a hareket eden Sar\u0131 Edip Efe ile Abidin\u2019in suikast\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmete haber verece\u011finden endi\u015felenerek, \u0130zmir valisi K\u00e2z\u0131m Dirik\u2019e giderek suikast hakk\u0131nda bilgi verir[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Suikast tertipleyicilerinin lideri Lazistan milletvekili Ziya Hur\u015fit[43]<\/a>, TBMM\u2019nde muhalif \u201c\u0130kinci grup\u201d \u00fcyelerindendi[44]<\/a>. Hur\u015fit, suikast\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirecek olanlar\u0131 \u201cG\u00fclcemal\u201d gemisiyle \u0130zmir\u2019e getirmi\u015f ve Gaffarzade otelinde Sar\u0131 Edip Efe\u2019yle tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ziya Hur\u015fit, eski \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 ve Te\u015fkil\u00e2t-\u0131 Mahsusa\u2019n\u0131n kurucular\u0131ndan Albay Rasim\u2019den Sar\u0131 Edip Efe\u2019ye bir mektup getirmi\u015fti[45]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    16 Haziran 1926 sabah\u0131nda T\u00fcrk gazeteleri k\u0131sa bir haber yay\u0131nlayarak, cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Mustafa Kemal\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 tertiplenen bir suikast\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p, tertipleyicilerin tutuklanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu haberini verir[46]<\/a>. 18 Haziran 1926 tarihinde suikast giri\u015fimiyle ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan \u201cresmi bildiride\u201d, seyahati esnas\u0131nda Kemal\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 bir suikast haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131, cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n \u0130zmir\u2019e ula\u015fmas\u0131ndan bir g\u00fcn \u00f6nce su\u00e7lular\u0131n tutuklanm\u0131\u015f olup, su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 itiraf ettikleri ve olay\u0131n \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemesi\u2019ne intikal edip, olay\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmak \u00fczere mahkeme heyetinin \u0130zmir\u2019e hareket etmi\u015f oldu\u011fu haberi verilir[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

    1926 \u0130zmir ve Ankara yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

    \u0130zmir ve Ankara yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fc ve gidi\u015fat\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru anlayabilmek i\u00e7in, \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemeleri\u2019nin yetki ve yarg\u0131 prensiplerine k\u0131saca de\u011finmekte fayda var. \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemeleri, 1920 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetine hizmet eden casuslar ve milli kuvvetlerden firar edenlere y\u00f6nelik h\u0131zl\u0131 ve etkili bir ara\u00e7 olarak kurulmu\u015f ve TBMM\u2019ne tabi olmu\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemeleri\u2019yle ilgili davalar\u0131n soru\u015fturmas\u0131 karar\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan verilip, dosya daha sonra mahkemeye teslim edilmekteydi[48]<\/a>. Davalar topluma a\u00e7\u0131k d\u00fczenlenmekte ve gazeteler bir g\u00fcn \u00f6nce oturumlar\u0131 duyurmaktayd\u0131. \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemeleri taraf\u0131ndan verilen h\u00fck\u00fcmler itiraza tabi de\u011fildi[49]<\/a>. T\u00fcm sivil ve askeri g\u00f6revliler, h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin yerine getirilmesi konusunda sorumluydu[50]<\/a>. Bu mahkemeler, davan\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan di\u011fer mahkemelerden farkl\u0131 olup, san\u0131klar hem h\u00e2kim, hem savc\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan sorgulanmaktayd\u0131. San\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u015fahit g\u00f6sterme veya mahkemenin karar\u0131na itiraz etme hakk\u0131 bulunmamaktayd\u0131[51]<\/a>. Dahas\u0131, bu mahkemeler taraf\u0131ndan verilen idam cezalar\u0131, meclis taraf\u0131ndan hemen onaylanmaktayd\u0131[52]<\/a>. \u0130stikl\u00e2l Meh\u00e2kimi Kanunu\u2019nda avukat tutma konusunda hi\u00e7bir engel olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, genel olarak san\u0131klara avukat tutma izni verilmemekteydi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Bu mahkemeler, 1921 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren faaliyet g\u00f6stermemekle birlikte, 1923 Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda halifelikle ilgili yeni bir yaz\u0131n\u0131n dola\u015f\u0131ma girmi\u015f oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131 yeni bir \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemesi \u0130stanbul\u2019a g\u00f6nderilir, Mart 1925\u2019te ise Takrir-i S\u00fck\u00fbn Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kabul\u00fcn\u00fcn ertesinde iki \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemesi daha kurulur ve bunlardan biri Ankara\u2019da bulunur, di\u011feri ise, asileri yarg\u0131lamak \u00fczere T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin do\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerini dola\u015f\u0131r. Sadece 1925 y\u0131l\u0131nda 800 ki\u015fi \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemeleri taraf\u0131ndan yarg\u0131lan\u0131r ve bunlardan 70\u2019i hakk\u0131nda idam cezas\u0131 verilir[54]<\/a>. Bu gezici mahkemeler taraf\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 davalar g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olmakla birlikte, Mustafa Kemal\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 suikast d\u00fczenlemek su\u00e7lamas\u0131yla sorgulanan Ermeni as\u0131ll\u0131 Manuk Manukyan\u2019\u0131n davas\u0131 \u00f6zellikle belirtilmeye lay\u0131kt\u0131r[55]<\/a>. 1923-1927 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemeleri taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6r\u00fclen davalar, 1920-1923 y\u0131llar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclenlerden belli oranda farkl\u0131l\u0131k arz etmektedir. Profes\u00f6r Erg\u00fcn Aybars\u2019a g\u00f6re 1923-1927 y\u0131llar\u0131nda bu mahkemelerde g\u00f6r\u00fclen davalar genelde ayaklanma (\u00f6zellikle \u015eeyh Sait ayaklanmas\u0131 ve \u015eapka Kanunu\u2019yla ilgili g\u00f6steriler), Atat\u00fcrk\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 suikast ve \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, firar, casusluk, h\u00fck\u00fcmete kar\u015f\u0131 gelme, iftira vs. ile ilgili olmu\u015ftur[56]<\/a>. Genellikle mahkeme heyetinin oturdu\u011fu k\u0131s\u0131mda, \u00fczerinde \u201c\u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemesi, M\u00fccadelesinde, Yaln\u0131z Allah\u2019tan Korkar\u201d yaz\u0131l\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir afi\u015f g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmaktayd\u0131[57]<\/a>. Bu mahkemeler, \u00fclkedeki di\u011fer t\u00fcm mahkemeler ve idari birimler \u00fczerinde yetkiliydi. \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemeleri gerekli oldu\u011fu durumlarda bu mercilere ba\u015fvurarak, tutuklam\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 \u015f\u00fcphelilerin dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n kendilerine g\u00f6nderilmesi konusunda ba\u015fvurmakta ve bu talep hemen yerine getirilmekteydi[58]<\/a>. Bu zaman diliminde, ABD y\u00fcksek komiseri, amiral Marc Bristol taraf\u0131ndan ABD el\u00e7ili\u011fine g\u00f6nderilen yaz\u0131da, \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemeleri\u2019nin \u00f6zelliklerinden birinin de, h\u00e2kim ve savc\u0131 aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n hemen-hemen bulunmamas\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtmektedir[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \u0130zmir ve Ankara davalar\u0131na bakan \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemesi, Cumhuriyet Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 TBMM\u2019nde temsil eden mebuslardan olu\u015fmu\u015ftu. Rauf Orbay, bu \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemesini \u201cMahkeme de\u011fil, e\u015fk\u0131ya yata\u011f\u0131\u201d,- diye betimlemektedir[60]<\/a>. Mahkeme g\u00f6revlileri, mahkemenin kendisi taraf\u0131ndan tayin edilmekteydi[61]<\/a>. Mahkemenin hemen t\u00fcm \u00fcyeleri gen\u00e7 olup, Mustafa Kemal\u2019e sad\u0131k ki\u015filerden se\u00e7ilmi\u015fti[62]<\/a>. \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemesi \u00fcyeleri olarak tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f memurlar, daha 7 Eyl\u00fcl 1920 tarihinde TBMM\u2019nde toplanarak \u201cHi\u00e7bir kanun maddesine ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmadan, kendi vicdani kanaatlar\u0131 ile karar verecekleri\u201d konusunda karar verir[63]<\/a>. \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemeleri\u2019nin faaliyetine 1927 y\u0131l\u0131nda son verilir ve 1949 y\u0131l\u0131nda Cihat Baban ve Adnan Ad\u0131var\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nerisiyle \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemeleri Kanunu da y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r[64]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Mustafa Kemal, 16 Haziran 1926 ak\u015fam\u0131 \u0130zmir\u2019e vararak, Naim Palas oteline yerle\u015fir. Kemal, otelde \u015f\u00fcpheli Ziya Hur\u015fit\u2019le[65]<\/a> kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme yapt\u0131ktan sonra, ba\u015fbakan ve i\u00e7i\u015fleri bakan\u0131na yollad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fifreli telgrafla Sar\u0131 Edip Efe ve \u0130zmit mebusu \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn tutuklanmas\u0131 emrini verir, \u0130stanbul polis \u015fefi Ekrem\u2019e yollad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fifreli telgrafla da \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n tutuklanmas\u0131yla ilgili ilk i\u015fareti verir[66]<\/a>. Ziya Hur\u015fit, Gaffarzade Oteli\u2019nde, Laz \u0130smail ve G\u00fcrc\u00fc Yusuf Rag\u0131p Pa\u015fa Oteli\u2019nde, \u00c7opur Hilmi ve karde\u015fi ise Kar\u015f\u0131yaka\u2019da[67]<\/a> bulunan evlerinde tutuklan\u0131r[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Ankara \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemesi 17 Haziran 1926 tarihinde, mahkeme reisi Ali \u00c7etinkaya (Kel Ali) ve t\u00fcm mahkeme heyetiyle Ankara\u2019dan \u0130zmir\u2019e gider[69]<\/a>. SSCB el\u00e7ili\u011finin raporunda belirtilmi\u015f oldu\u011fu gibi, 17 Haziranda \u0130zmir, \u0130stanbul ve Ankara\u2019da, muhalefet saflar\u0131nda \u00e7ok say\u0131da tutuklama ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir[70]<\/a>. Tarih\u00e7i A. G. Avakyan\u2019\u0131n belirtti\u011fine g\u00f6re, \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemesi\u2019nin \u0130zmir\u2019e gidi\u015finden, yani parti \u00fcyelerinin bu suikastla ilgileri belirlenmeden \u00f6nce Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131 \u00fcyelerinin mahkemenin emriyle tutuklanmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 ilgin\u00e7tir[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n kendisi ise o g\u00fcnlerde hayret edilecek derecede rahat olup, bu olay\u0131n kendisi \u00fczerinde ruhsal bir etki yaratm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmemekteydi[72]<\/a>. Bu durum, h\u00fck\u00fcmet ve Kemal\u2019in hayli \u00f6nceden d\u00fczenlenen suikast hakk\u0131nda bilgi sahibi olup, muhalefet ve \u00f6zellikle de \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131larla hesap g\u00f6rmek niyetiyle daha erken \u00f6nlem almam\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    TASS ajans\u0131n\u0131n 20 Haziran 1926 tarihinde duyurmu\u015f oldu\u011fu gibi, suikastla ilgili, i\u00e7lerinde eski sava\u015f bakan\u0131 Cemal Pa\u015fa, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun eski e\u011fitim bakan\u0131 Ahmet \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc, eski \u0130stanbul mebusu \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc ve Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131 \u00fcyesi bir dizi milletvekilinin de bulundu\u011fu 40 ki\u015fi \u0130stanbul\u2019da tutuklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \u0130syan b\u00f6lgesinde[74]<\/a> faaliyet g\u00f6steren \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemesi \u00fcyeleri taraf\u0131ndan 22 Haziranda g\u00f6nderilen telgrafta, su\u00e7lular aras\u0131nda milletvekillerinin de bulunmakta oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131, TBMM\u2019nde bir oturum d\u00fczenleyerek bu mebuslar\u0131n dokunulmazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilmesine ra\u011fmen, suikast olay\u0131n\u0131 soru\u015fturan di\u011fer \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemesi\u2019nin kesinlikle benzer bir ihtiya\u00e7 duymayarak, Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131 eski \u00fcyelerinden olu\u015fan ve TBMM\u2019nde temsil edilip, dokunulmazl\u0131\u011fa haiz 29 milletvekilinden[75]<\/a> 21\u2019ini tutuklamaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131 \u00fcyesi Ali Fuat Cebesoy, K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir, Refet Bele, Cafer Tayyar E\u011filmez, Albay Arif, R\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc, Bekir Sami, Sabit Sa\u011f\u0131ro\u011flu, Halis Turgut, Necati Kurtulu\u015f, Halet Sa\u011f\u0131ro\u011flu, M\u00fcnir H\u00fcsrev, Halil I\u015f\u0131k ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131 tutuklan\u0131r[77]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n hemen[78]<\/a> t\u00fcm \u00f6nde gelen \u00fcyelerinin[79]<\/a> tutuklanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, 22 Haziranda bas\u0131nda yer bulan ve f\u0131rkan\u0131n t\u00fcm faal \u00fcyelerinin tutuklanacaklar\u0131 konusundaki haber, \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan tekzip edilir[80]<\/a>. \u00d6nde gelen \u00fcyelerinin tutuklanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu haberini alan Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131 \u00f6nderleri, Refet (Bele) Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n evinde toplant\u0131 yaparak, konuyla ilgili protesto sunma konusunu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 protesto notas\u0131n\u0131 TBMM ba\u015fkan\u0131 K\u00e2z\u0131m \u00d6zalp\u2019a takdim etmeleri bir yarar sa\u011flamamakla birlikte, tersine, dava esnas\u0131nda su\u00e7un ikrar\u0131 olarak yorumlan\u0131r[81]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    26 Haziran 1926 tarihi itibar\u0131yla tutuklanm\u0131\u015f olanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 100\u2019\u00fcn \u00fczerinde olup, tutuklamalar, yarg\u0131lama s\u00fcrecinde de s\u00fcrer[82]<\/a>. \u201cTimes\u201d gazetesinin 29 Haziran n\u00fcshas\u0131nda belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere, \u00e7ok say\u0131da tutuklama daha beklenmekteydi[83]<\/a>. Ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn, \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemesi reisi Ali \u00c7etinkaya\u2019n\u0131n, bas\u0131na vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu m\u00fclakatta, suikast\u0131n tertiplenmesiyle ilgili \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi\u2019ni su\u00e7lamas\u0131 \u00fczerine[84]<\/a>, 30 Haziran tarihinden itibaren, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 \u00f6nderlerin yeni tutuklamalar\u0131 ba\u015flar[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi\u2019nin tutuklanan \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131nda Mehmet Cavit, Haf\u0131z Mehmet, \u0130ttihat\u2019\u0131n birinci sekreteri Mithat \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Bleda, Doktor Naz\u0131m, Yenibah\u00e7eli Nail, Filibeli Hilmi, eski i\u00e7i\u015fleri bakan\u0131 \u0130smail Canpolat, Kara Vas\u0131f, Azmi, Ahmet Nesimi ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131 \u00f6zellikle belirtilmesi gereken isimlerdendir[86]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Tutuklananlar\u0131n son grubunun ba\u015f\u0131nda \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi\u2019nin tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f liderlerinden ve maliye bakan\u0131 Cavit bulunmaktayd\u0131[87]<\/a>. \u0130ngiliz \u201cDaily Telegraph\u201d gazetesinin 28 Haziran 1926 tarihli n\u00fcshas\u0131nda, \u201c\u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00f6netimi d\u00f6neminde maliye bakan\u0131, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise \u201cOsmanl\u0131 bor\u00e7lar\u0131\u201d heyetinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin delegesi olan Cavit\u2019in, Kemal Pa\u015fa\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 suikasta kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olma su\u00e7lamas\u0131yla tutuklanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 haberi, diplomatik \u00e7evrelerin bu davaya y\u00f6nelik ilgisini daha da yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r[88]<\/a>\u201d,- diye belirtmektedir. Ayn\u0131 kaynak, 26 Temmuzda, Avrupa ve Amerikal\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f siyasilerin, tutuklu Cavit\u2019in serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Ankara nezdinde giri\u015fimlerde bulunmu\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir[89]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi y\u00f6netimi y\u0131llar\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun \u0130a\u015fe Naz\u0131r\u0131 olan Kara Kemal ise, intihar ederek, tutuklanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemi\u015ftir. Say\u0131s\u0131z aramalara ra\u011fmen adli makamlar taraf\u0131ndan bulunamam\u0131\u015f. Daha i\u015fin ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren Kara Kemal\u2019in yakalanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131, yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 olanaks\u0131z kabul edilmi\u015ftir[90]<\/a>. Sakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeri bildirenlere h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan 10 bin lira vaat edilir[91]<\/a>. Eski posta m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc \u0130hsan Bey\u2019in evinde gizlenen Kara Kemal, 28 Temmuz 1926 tarihinde eve bask\u0131n yapan polislerin eline d\u00fc\u015fmemek i\u00e7in sakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 evin k\u00fcmesinde intihar eder[92]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \u0130\u00e7lerinden, \u0130zmir yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 d\u00e2hilinde g\u0131yab\u0131nda idam cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131lan Ankara valisi Abd\u00fclkadir Bey ise, 23 A\u011fustos 1926 tarihinde Bulgaristan\u2019a ka\u00e7arken tutuklan\u0131r ve h\u00fck\u00fcm 31 A\u011fustos 1926 tarihinde infaz edilir[93]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Ankara \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemesi, davaya 26 Haziran 1926 tarihinde \u0130zmir\u2019de, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde k\u00fct\u00fcphaneye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olan Elhamra sinemas\u0131nda ba\u015flar. 49 san\u0131\u011f\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 milletvekillerinden olu\u015fmaktayd\u0131. Ankara, \u0130stanbul, \u0130zmir, Eski\u015fehir ve daha ba\u015fka yerlerde tutuklanan \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u015f\u00fcpheli aras\u0131nda, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilen 3 grubun temsilcileri mahkemeye \u00e7\u0131kar. 1. Suikast\u0131n d\u00fczenleyicileri, 2. Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131 \u00fcyeleri, 3. Eski \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar[94]<\/a>. Mahkeme heyeti, ba\u015fkan Ali \u00c7etinkaya[95]<\/a>, \u00fcyeler Rize milletvekili Laz Ali (Z\u0131rh), Ayd\u0131n milletvekili Re\u015fit Galip ve savc\u0131 Necip Ali\u2019den (K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcka) olu\u015fmaktayd\u0131[96]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \u0130zmir davas\u0131, ba\u015f san\u0131k Ziya Hur\u015fit\u2019in sorgulamas\u0131yla ba\u015flar. San\u0131k, mahkeme ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n \u201csuikast\u0131, siyasi nedenlerle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek istedi\u011finizi kabul ediyor musunuz?\u201d[97]<\/a>,- sorusuna olumlu cevap verir. Ziya Hur\u015fit ve su\u00e7 ortaklar\u0131na mahkeme heyeti taraf\u0131ndan hi\u00e7bir zaman suikast d\u00fczenleme sebepleri sorulmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. Ziya Hur\u015fit\u2019in, suikast\u0131 siyasi nedenlerle d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f oldu\u011fu konusundaki ifadesi, arkas\u0131nda daha b\u00fcy\u00fck siyasi bir te\u015fkil\u00e2t g\u00f6rme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yeterli kabul edilir. H\u00e2lbuki Ziya Hur\u015fit sadece, cumhurba\u015fkanlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenen t\u00fcm suikast denemelerinin siyasi nedenlerle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015f oldu\u011funu belirtmek istemekteydi[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \u0130zmir yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 esnas\u0131nda, \u0130ttihat y\u00f6netimi y\u0131llar\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun e\u011fitim bakan\u0131 olan Ahmet \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn su\u00e7 ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zellikle ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde irdelenir. \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc, Malta s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde, 1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131\u2019na \u00fcye oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131, suikasta kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 kan\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumda bu su\u00e7, hem \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi, hem de Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131\u2019na ba\u011flanabilecekti. Ahmet \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc, Ziya Hur\u015fit\u2019in aksine, t\u00fcm su\u00e7lamalar\u0131 reddeder.<\/p>\n

    \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc, \u0130zmir suikast\u0131yla bir ilgisi oldu\u011funu inatla ink\u00e2r etmesine ra\u011fmen, suikastla do\u011frudan ilgili olan di\u011fer san\u0131klarla y\u00fczle\u015ftirildi\u011finde, bu ki\u015filer, onun suikast\u0131n d\u00fczenleyicilerinden biri oldu\u011fu ve silahlar\u0131 kendisinden alm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131 iddia eder[99]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \u0130zmir yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 s\u00fcresinde, hem mahkeme ba\u015fkan\u0131, hem de savc\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan, 1923 Nisan\u0131nda Cavit\u2019in evinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen eski ittihat\u00e7\u0131 liderlerin toplant\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6nderme yap\u0131larak, s\u00f6z\u00fc ge\u00e7en toplant\u0131, suikast\u0131n ilk ad\u0131m\u0131 olarak kabul edilerek[100]<\/a>, bu toplant\u0131 ile \u0130zmir suikast\u0131 aras\u0131nda do\u011frudan ba\u011f kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r[101]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Mahkeme ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve savc\u0131, ia\u015fe bakan\u0131 Kara Kemal, maliye bakan\u0131 Cavit ve e\u011fitim bakan\u0131 Ahmet \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, \u00f6zellikle ittihat\u00e7\u0131lar \u00fczerine yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131r. Bu \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcn\u00fcn olu\u015fturdu\u011fu grup, mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan \u201cKara \u00c7ete\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Mahkeme heyeti, ilk olarak Cavit\u2019in sorgulanmas\u0131 esnas\u0131nda, 6 Temmuz 1926 tarihinde \u201cKara \u00c7eteden\u201d bahsederek, Cavit\u2019ten bu konuda ifade talep eder. \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemesi, Cavit\u2019in yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131 esnas\u0131nda, tekrar ilk defa olarak, 1918 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tal\u00e2t Pa\u015fa h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin istifa nedenlerini sorar ve konunun, Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa suikast\u0131 soru\u015fturmas\u0131yla hi\u00e7bir mant\u0131kl\u0131 ili\u015fkisinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, dinleyenler aras\u0131nda hayret uyand\u0131r\u0131r[103]<\/a>. \u00d6nceden yaz\u0131lan senaryoya istinaden mahkeme ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u201c\u0130\u015fte o vakit bir tak\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131z vatan\u0131 fel\u00e2kete s\u00fcr\u00fckledikten sonra ka\u00e7t\u0131. Bir tak\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131z ise ka\u00e7am\u0131yarak \u0130ngilizlere teslim oldunuz. Daha sonra da bir millet caniyle, mal\u0131yla fedak\u00e2rl\u0131klar ederek sizin Anadoluya gelmenize imk\u00e2n verdi. Deh\u00e2let ettiniz… Geldiniz ama, rahat durmad\u0131n\u0131z. \u0130ttihat Terakki erk\u00e2n\u0131yla bir toplant\u0131 yapt\u0131n\u0131z…\u201d[104]<\/a>,- yorumunda bulunur.<\/p>\n

    Ayn\u0131 sorunun, Doktor Naz\u0131m\u2019\u0131n Ankara\u2019da yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131 esnas\u0131ndaki sorgulamas\u0131nda da ortaya at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ve Naz\u0131m\u2019\u0131n, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 eleba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f sebebinin Ermeni Sorunu, yani Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n imhas\u0131 ve bu konuyla ilgili sorumluluktan ka\u00e7ma arzusu oldu\u011funu itiraf etmesi enteresand\u0131r[105]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Savc\u0131 Necip Ali daha sonra, cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u0130zmir\u2019de suikast giri\u015fiminin haricinde, h\u00fck\u00fcmeti devirme plan\u0131n\u0131n da var oldu\u011funu belirterek, bu giri\u015fimin eski \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lardan olu\u015fan ve \u201cKara \u00c7ete\u201d olarak an\u0131lan gizli grup taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmek istendi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klar. Savc\u0131, bu grubun yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131n Ankara\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesine karar verildi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klayarak, bu grubun dosyas\u0131n\u0131 ay\u0131rmay\u0131 talep eder. Savc\u0131n\u0131n talebi kabul edilir ve bu yarg\u0131lama 1. \u0130zmir suikast\u0131 yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 ve 2. \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131 olarak iki a\u015famaya ayr\u0131l\u0131r[106]<\/a>. Cavit\u2019in yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131ndan sonra \u0130smail Canpolat[107]<\/a> sorgulan\u0131r ve savc\u0131 \u201c\u0130smail Canpolat, Kara Kemal, f\u0131rka i\u00e7inde \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Bey\u2019le birlikte en faal, en m\u00fchim azas\u0131d\u0131r. Yap\u0131lmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan suikast i\u00e7inde Canpolat Bey\u2019im \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Bey\u2019denay\u0131rmaya imkan yoktur\u201d[108]<\/a>,- belirterek, Canpolat i\u00e7in 10 y\u0131l k\u00fcrek cezas\u0131 talep eder. \u0130smail Canpolat, Kara Kemal\u2019in Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131 program\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 i\u015fine kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu vurgular[109]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    11 Temmuz 1926 tarihinde savc\u0131 Necip Ali taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan su\u00e7lama mahkemede dinlenir. Buna g\u00f6re, 17 Haziran 1926 tarihinde san\u0131klar cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na suikast ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeyi planlamaktayd\u0131. Su\u00e7lamada, Necati, \u00c7olak Selahattin, H\u00fcseyin Avni ve Kara Vas\u0131f\u2019\u0131n suikastla bir ilgileri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen savc\u0131 onlar\u0131n, Kara Kemal\u2019le yak\u0131n ili\u015fki i\u00e7inde bulunmu\u015f olduklar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 Ankara\u2019da ifadelerinin al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 talep eder. Su\u00e7lamada, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi\u2019nin, suikasta kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu, bu partinin \u00fcyelerinin Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nu y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n e\u015fi\u011fine getirmi\u015f olduklar\u0131 ve partiyi feshetmi\u015f olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, yeniden y\u00f6netime gelmeyi planlad\u0131klar\u0131 vurgulan\u0131r[110]<\/a>. Savc\u0131ya g\u00f6re parti program\u0131n\u0131n, Kara Kemal\u2019in yaz\u0131hanesi ile Cavit\u2019in \u015ei\u015fli\u2019de[111]<\/a> bulunan evinde, kendilerini \u0130ttihat\u2019\u0131n temsilcileri olarak kabul eden ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131 kurulmadan \u00f6nce haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu tespit edilmi\u015ftir[112]<\/a>. Su\u00e7lamada, Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n baz\u0131 \u00fcyelerinin, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi\u2019ni yeniden y\u00f6netime getirmek isteyenlerle birlikte ittifak i\u00e7inde olup, y\u00f6netimi birlikte ele ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in suikast amac\u0131yla siyasi bir a\u011f olu\u015fturmu\u015f olduklar\u0131 vurgulanmaktayd\u0131. Bu a\u011f\u0131n Kara Kemal, \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc, Cavit, Halis Turgut, \u0130smail Canpolat, Albay Arif, Naili, Hilmi, eski Ankara valisi Abd\u00fclkadir\u2019in y\u00f6netiminde bulundu\u011funun a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fmu\u015f oldu\u011fu belirtilir[113]<\/a>. Savc\u0131ya g\u00f6re \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar, hukuki yollardan y\u00f6netime gelemeyeceklerini anlay\u0131p, Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131\u2019na girerek, f\u0131rkay\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Su\u00e7lamada \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n, \u015eeyh Sait isyan\u0131 ile \u015eapka Kanununa kar\u015f\u0131 ayaklanmalardaki kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 vurgulanmaktayd\u0131. Su\u00e7lamaya g\u00f6re \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar, Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra, son \u00e7are olarak cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye karar verir[114]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \u0130zmir davas\u0131 san\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n savunmalar\u0131, 12 Temmuz 1926\u2019da mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan dinlenir. Ahmet \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc savunmas\u0131nda, suikastla hi\u00e7bir ilgisinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia edip, e\u011fitim bakan\u0131 olarak \u00fclkeye yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu hizmetlerden bahsederek, t\u00fcm su\u00e7lamalar\u0131 reddettikten sonra, avukat tutup, \u015fahitler sunarak, kendisine savunma hakk\u0131 verilmedi\u011fini protesto eder[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \u0130smail Canpolat savunmas\u0131nda \u201cEsasen son senelerde siyasete kar\u015f\u0131 bezginlik duyuyorum\u201d belirterek, suikastla olan ilgisini reddeder[116]<\/a>. Cavit Bey\u2019in evinde yap\u0131lan toplant\u0131da, Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa\u2019ya yap\u0131lacak olan \u00f6nerinin tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu, daha sonraki toplant\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131n\u0131n ise, Kara Kemal ve Mustafa Kemal aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi almak oldu\u011funu vurgular[117]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \u0130zmir yarg\u0131lamas\u0131, 15 ki\u015finin idama mahk\u00fbm edilmi\u015f oldu\u011funa dair karar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 13 Temmuz 1926 tarihinde son bulur[118]<\/a>. Mahkemede haz\u0131r bulunan ve \u00f6l\u00fcme mahk\u00fbm edilen san\u0131klar emekli Albay Rasim, \u00c7opur Hilmi, Sar\u0131 Efe Edip, G\u00fcrc\u00fc Yusuf, Laz \u0130smail, Trabzon mebusu Haf\u0131z Mehmet, Ziya Hur\u015fit, \u0130zmit mebusu \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc, Saruhan mebusu Abidin, Eski\u015fehir mebusu Albay Arif, Erzurum mebusu R\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc, \u0130stanbul mebusu \u0130smail Canpolat ve Sivas mebusu Halis Turgut\u2019tan olu\u015fmaktayd\u0131[119]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Son \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc i\u00e7in savc\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131 talep edilmemi\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn de \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi\u2019nin \u00f6nde gelen isimlerinden olduklar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, mahkemenin onlar\u0131 da idama mahk\u00fbm etmesi enteresand\u0131r. Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131 temsilcileri K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir, Cafer Tayyar E\u011filmez, Ali Fuat Cebesoy, Refet Bele, Bekir Sami ve di\u011ferlerinin sal\u0131verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekicidir[120]<\/a>. \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 tutuklular ise \u201cKara \u00c7ete\u201d davas\u0131nda sorgulanmak \u00fczere Ankara\u2019ya nakledilir.<\/p>\n

    \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemesi, \u0130zmir\u2019deki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 nihayetlendirdikten sonra, 17 Temmuz 1926 tarihinde Ankara\u2019ya d\u00f6ner ve kendisine tahsis edilen binada, ikinci davan\u0131n haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131na ba\u015flar. Soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131ndaki ilk sorgulama 20 Temmuzda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir[121]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \u0130zmir suikast\u0131 davas\u0131n\u0131n ikinci a\u015famas\u0131 olan Ankara yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 veya \u201cKara \u00c7ete\u201d davas\u0131, 2 A\u011fustos 1926 tarihinde, saat 14\u2019te ba\u015flar. Mahkeme salonu, aralar\u0131nda milletvekillerinin de bulundu\u011fu bir halk kitlesiyle a\u011fz\u0131na kadar doluydu[122]<\/a>. San\u0131k sandalyesinde,\u00a0 Mehmet Cavit, Doktor Naz\u0131m, H\u00fcseyinzade Ali Turan, Yenibah\u00e7eli Nail, Filibeli Hilmi, H\u00fcseyin Cahit Yal\u00e7\u0131n, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Tal\u00e2t Mu\u015fkara, H\u00fcseyin Avni Ula\u015f, Kara Vas\u0131f, Mithat \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Bleda ve Ahmet Nesimi Sayman gibi tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lardan olu\u015fan 50\u2019nin \u00fczerinde ki\u015fi bulunmaktayd\u0131[123]<\/a>. Erg\u00fcn Aybars\u2019a g\u00f6re \u201c\u015eimdi uzun s\u00fcredir iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmek te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcnde oldu\u011fu bilinen \u0130ttihat Terakki\u2019nin T\u00fcrk politik hayat\u0131ndan temizlenmesi s\u0131ras\u0131 gelmi\u015fti\u201d[124]<\/a>. \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemesi\u2019nin 27 Temmuzda, \u0130ttihat\u2019\u0131n \u00fclkeye \u201c\u00e7ok yararl\u0131 oldu\u011fundan\u201d dolay\u0131 parti olarak yarg\u0131lanmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen[125]<\/a>, sadece bir g\u00fcn sonra, 28 Temmuzda, bir \u00f6nceki a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131yla \u00e7eli\u015ferek, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi\u2019nin de, \u00fclkeyi d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131na s\u00fcr\u00fcklemi\u015f oldu\u011fundan ve bu arada olu\u015fan g\u0131da maddeleri eksikli\u011fini, parti \u00fcyelerinin zenginle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in kullanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131 su\u00e7lu kabul edildi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klar[126]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Hen\u00fcz dava ba\u015flamadan, soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda bas\u0131n taraf\u0131ndan \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi aleyhine propaganda yap\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Gazetelerde, hayli a\u011f\u0131r su\u00e7lamalar e\u015fli\u011finde, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 san\u0131klarla ilgili enformasyon sunulmaktayd\u0131[127]<\/a>. S\u00fcreli bas\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan haber ve makalelerde, eski \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n, tarihe \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutacak \u00f6zellikte \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli ifadeler verecekleri belirtilmekteydi[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n, ba\u015fkentin Ankara\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na her zaman kar\u015f\u0131 olduklar\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc, Ankara\u2019n\u0131n, Mustafa Kemal ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin yeni y\u00f6neticilerinin, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lara y\u00f6nelik \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc simgeledi\u011finden dolay\u0131,\u00a0 bu yarg\u0131laman\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin ba\u015fkentinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi karar\u0131 tesad\u00fcf de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n

    \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemesi heyetinin \u00fcyeleri, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n tarihi sorumlulu\u011funu toplum \u00f6n\u00fcnde vurgulamak amac\u0131yla, Ankara yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 esnas\u0131nda, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lara y\u00f6nelik duru\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 daha da sertle\u015ftirir[129]<\/a>. Davaya bakan mahkeme, Atat\u00fcrk\u2019e y\u00f6nelik suikastla hi\u00e7bir ilgisi olmayan \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 da yarg\u0131lamak i\u00e7in, san\u0131klara, \u00fclkeyi Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na sokmaktan, sava\u015f esnas\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen su\u00e7lara kadar her soruyu sorup, her konuda hesap sormak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan[130]<\/a> kendisini son derece \u00f6zg\u00fcr hissetmekteydi.<\/p>\n

    Savc\u0131 Necip Ali, ilk duru\u015fmada haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu su\u00e7lamay\u0131 okur. Bu su\u00e7lamada \u0130zmir suikast\u0131 te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fc ve \u0130ttihat ve Terakki\u2019nin suikastla olan ilgisini vurgulad\u0131ktan sonra, milli hareket esnas\u0131nda \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara ve Kara Kemal\u2019in, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi\u2019ni yeniden diriltme denemelerine de\u011finir[131]<\/a>. Savc\u0131, san\u0131klar\u0131 \u0130zmir suikast\u0131ndan sorumlu addederek, bunu bir intikam etkinli\u011finden maada, bir ihtilal denemesinin haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak telakki edilmesi gerekti\u011fini vurgular. Su\u00e7lama ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00fc\u00e7 nokta \u00fczerinde yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    1. \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi liderleri taraf\u0131ndan, \u00f6zellikle d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda iktidar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/p>\n

    2. \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n, 1921 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mustafa Kemal\u2019in konumu ele ge\u00e7irme denemeleri,<\/p>\n

    3. \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n 1923 kurultay\u0131[132]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \u0130ddianamede Kara Kemal\u2019in, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan yenik \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 neticesinde Tal\u00e2t, Enver ve Cemal pa\u015falar\u0131 \u00fclkeyi terk etmeye ikna etmi\u015f oldu\u011fu vurgulanmaktayd\u0131[133]<\/a>. Bu durum, daha sonra Doktor Naz\u0131m\u2019\u0131n ifadesinde de tasdik edilir[134]<\/a>. Doktor Naz\u0131m\u2019\u0131n \u201cgizli bir \u00f6rg\u00fct taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi planlanan suikastla\u201d ilgisi olmamas\u0131, savc\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan imk\u00e2ns\u0131z olarak kabul edilmekte, Cavit Bey ise, Kara Kemal\u2019in a\u011f\u0131na d\u00e2hil olmakla su\u00e7lanmaktayd\u0131[135]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \u00dclkeyi sebepsiz yere sava\u015fa sokmak ve Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda yolsuzluk yapmakla ilgili, \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan ortaya at\u0131lan konular\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 1919 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131nda, divan-\u0131 harp mahkemeleri taraf\u0131ndan da dile getirilmi\u015fti[136]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Ankara yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 s\u00fcresinde mahkeme, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131nda dikkatlerini b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda Cavit ve Doktor Naz\u0131m \u00fczerinde odaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131[137]<\/a>. Cavit Bey, ate\u015fkes sonras\u0131nda yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ka\u00e7mak ve Enver Pa\u015fa\u2019yla i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapmakla su\u00e7lanmaktayd\u0131[138]<\/a>. \u0130ddianamede, Cavit\u2019in ifadesi \u00fczerine Doktor Naz\u0131m\u2019\u0131n evinde \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n gizli toplant\u0131lar\u0131 sonucunda d\u00fczenlenen 9 maddeden olu\u015fan bir plan\u0131n bulundu\u011fu, bu maddelerin tek-tek g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclerek, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan oybirli\u011fiyle kabul edilmi\u015f oldu\u011fu belirtilmekteydi[139]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Duru\u015fmalar esnas\u0131nda s\u0131k-s\u0131k \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi\u2019nin y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011fu siyasete vurgu yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve her san\u0131\u011fa, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki\u2019nin resmi olarak var olup, olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorulmu\u015ftur[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \u0130lk oturumda iddianamenin okunmas\u0131ndan sonra K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Tal\u00e2t sorgulan\u0131r. \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi\u2019nin ge\u00e7mi\u015finden dolay\u0131 K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Tal\u00e2t\u2019tan hesap soran mahkeme ba\u015fkan\u0131, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan yolsuzluklar, milli hareket d\u00f6neminde Enver Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ge\u00e7me \u00e7abalar\u0131 ve daha sonraki y\u0131llarda \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n her ne pahas\u0131na olursa olsun iktidara gelme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00fczerinde ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde durur[141]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Tal\u00e2t\u2019tan sonra, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi birinci sekreteri Mithat \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Bleda sorgulan\u0131r ve mahkeme ba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kendisine, \u00fclkeyi Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na sokma, sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131nda olu\u015fan g\u0131da sorunlar\u0131, yolsuzluklar, ate\u015fkesten sonra \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 \u00f6nderlerin ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve daha ba\u015fka konularda sorular sorar. Mithat \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn sorgulanmas\u0131 esnas\u0131nda, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi belgelerinin ortadan yok olmas\u0131yla ilgili soruya, parti genel sekreteri taraf\u0131ndan, belgeleri Behaeddin \u015eakir\u2019in alm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu cevab\u0131 verilir[142]<\/a> ve Bleda, 1919 yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131 esnas\u0131nda divan-\u0131 harp mahkemesine vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu ifadede, belgelerin Doktor Naz\u0131m taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015f oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131 kendisiyle \u00e7eli\u015fkiye d\u00fc\u015fer. Bu \u00e7eli\u015fki, \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Bleda\u2019n\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fc haf\u0131zas\u0131ndan ziyade, belgeleri ortadan kald\u0131ran Doktor Naz\u0131m\u2019\u0131n o anda kendisiyle birlikte san\u0131k sandalyesinde bulundu\u011fu, Behaettin \u015eakir\u2019in ise, Ermeni intikam komandolar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7oktan ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131yd\u0131. Burada dikkat \u00e7ekici olan nokta, \u015fahsen Naz\u0131m\u2019\u0131n, partiyle ilgili baz\u0131 iddialar\u0131 ink\u00e2r etmekle birlikte, kendi veya Behaettin \u015eakir taraf\u0131ndan yok edilmi\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131n bilincinde olarak \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi kurultaylar\u0131n\u0131n kay\u0131tlar\u0131na g\u00f6nderme yaparak, bu sebeple \u201c\u2026oradaki tutanaklar\u0131 buldurursan\u0131z\u2026\u201d ifadesini kullanmaktayd\u0131[143]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Bleda\u2019dan sonra Azmi, Ahmet Nasimi[144]<\/a>, Doktor H\u00fcseyinzade Ali, Ey\u00fcp Sabri, Doktor Rusuhi ve Hamdi Baba da sorgulan\u0131r[145]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    10 A\u011fustos 1926 tarihinde Cavit\u2019in sorgulanmas\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Bu duru\u015fmada mahkeme salonu g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f \u015fekilde doluydu. Dinleyicilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131, san\u0131\u011f\u0131 yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131yan, eski \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi \u00fcyeleri olup, daha sonra Halk Partisi s\u0131ralar\u0131na ge\u00e7mi\u015f olan ki\u015filerdi. \u0130\u00e7lerinde milletvekilleri de vard\u0131[146]<\/a>. San\u0131\u011fa, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n 1923 y\u0131l\u0131nda kendi evinde yapt\u0131klar\u0131 toplant\u0131yla ilgili sorular y\u00f6neltilir[147]<\/a>. Mahkeme \u00fcyelerine g\u00f6re Cavit Bey, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki\u2019yi \u201cher ne pahas\u0131na olursa olsun diriltmeye kararl\u0131\u201d grubu y\u00f6netmekteydi[148]<\/a>. Mahkeme \u00fcyelerinden biri olan K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Ali, an\u0131lar\u0131nda mahkeme ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n sorular\u0131na Cavit\u2019in so\u011fukkanl\u0131l\u0131kla cevap vermi\u015f oldu\u011funu belirtmektedir[149]<\/a>. San\u0131k, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi\u2019nin iktidar\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u00fclkeyi y\u00f6netmi\u015f olan t\u00fcm bakanlar\u0131n, Damat Ferit Pa\u015fa h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin kurulmas\u0131ndan sonra tutuklan\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu, bundan dolay\u0131 da kendisinin 6 ay \u00fclke i\u00e7inde sakland\u0131ktan sonra \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019ye ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu, Enver Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ge\u00e7mek istedi\u011fini duyduktan sonra, Enver\u2019i bu fikrinden vazge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in ikna etmesi niyetiyle Tal\u00e2t Pa\u015fa\u2019ya bir mektup yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu belirtir[150]<\/a>. Cavit, mahkeme ba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bu kritik anda \u00fclkeyi terk etmekle su\u00e7lan\u0131r[151]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    San\u0131k, \u0130zmir yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 esnas\u0131nda, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen ve 9 maddeden olu\u015fan plan\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ink\u00e2r eder, fakat Ankara yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 esnas\u0131nda mahkeme ba\u015fkan\u0131 bu plan\u0131 \u201cElimize ge\u00e7miyece\u011fini zannetti\u011finiz i\u00e7in (\u0130zmir yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 esnas\u0131nda) s\u00f6ylemek istemediniz de\u011fil mi?\u201d,- diyerek san\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne koyar[152]<\/a>. Cavit, olaylar\u0131n \u00fczerinden uzun zaman ge\u00e7mi\u015f oldu\u011funu ve hat\u0131rlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrerek, kendisini savunmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bu plan\u0131n \u00f6zellikle \u201cH\u00e2kimiyet ve saltanat, m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran milletindir\u201d[153]<\/a> \u015feklinde form\u00fcle edilen \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc maddesi mahkemenin dikkatini \u00e7ekmi\u015fti. Padi\u015fahl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, Mustafa Kemal taraf\u0131ndan ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131 mahkeme, \u00f6zellikle bu noktayla ilgili Cavit\u2019ten a\u00e7\u0131klama talep eder. \u201cH\u00fck\u00fbmet merkezi \u0130stanbul\u2019da olmal\u0131\u201d[154]<\/a> olarak ifade edilen be\u015finci madde de mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan belirtilir. San\u0131k, Osmanl\u0131 payitaht\u0131n\u0131n her a\u00e7\u0131dan ba\u015fkent olmaya uygun oldu\u011funun belirtti\u011finde mahkeme ba\u015fkan\u0131, \u0130stanbul\u2019un co\u011frafi a\u00e7\u0131dan uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrer[155]<\/a>. Cavit, sorgulamas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, 1923 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan kendi evinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen toplant\u0131n\u0131n gizli emeller ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da reddeder[156]<\/a>. Savc\u0131, bu toplant\u0131 esnas\u0131nda devlete kar\u015f\u0131 ihanet planlanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu iddia eder, mahkeme ba\u015fkan\u0131 ise, bu toplant\u0131 esnas\u0131nda kabul edilen 9 maddelik plan\u0131n, 8 Nisan 1923 tarihinde Mustafa Kemal taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan Halk Partisi\u2019nin 9 prensiplerini reddetmi\u015f oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrer[157]<\/a>. Mahkeme ba\u015fkan\u0131, Cavit\u2019in \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131n ikna edici olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir[158]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Doktor Naz\u0131m\u2019\u0131n sorgulanmas\u0131 esnas\u0131nda mahkeme ba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan, \u0130zmir suikast\u0131yla ilgisi olmayan sorular dile getirilir. Mahkeme ba\u015fkan\u0131 Ali \u00c7etinkaya, Naz\u0131m\u2019\u0131n, tutuklanmas\u0131 ve yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00f6nce karar verilmi\u015f olan idam cezas\u0131na lay\u0131k oldu\u011fu konusunda toplumu ikna edebilmek amac\u0131yla, y\u0131llar \u00f6nce vuku bulmu\u015f olaylarla ilgili san\u0131\u011fa sorular y\u00f6neltmeye ba\u015flar. \u201cBu memleketi durup dururken siz harbe soktunuz. Neticesi mal\u00fbum. \u015eimdi. Umum\u00ee Harbe girebilmek i\u00e7in hangi devletlerle ne esaslar dahilinde anla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 s\u00f6yleyin bakal\u0131m?\u201d[159]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    San\u0131k, bu soruya cevap olarak \u201cBendenizin mal\u00fbmat\u0131m yoktur. Yaln\u0131z Sait Halim, Tal\u00e2t ve Enver Pa\u015falar\u0131n mal\u00fbmat\u0131 vard\u0131\u201d[160]<\/a> belirtir ve kendisinin sava\u015ftan \u201ca\u00e7\u0131k al\u0131nla\u201d \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu iddia eder[161]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Doktor Naz\u0131m\u2019\u0131n sorgulamas\u0131 esnas\u0131nda mahkeme ba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan san\u0131k, partinin feshedilmesinden sonra \u00fcyelerinin faaliyetlerinin gayrihukuki oldu\u011funu kabul etmeye zorlan\u0131r[162]<\/a>. Ali \u00c7etinkaya, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n bu tarihi olaylarla ilgili tarihi sorumluluk ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayarak, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 liderlerin \u00fclkeden ka\u00e7mas\u0131 olay\u0131na de\u011finir, Doktor Naz\u0131m ise, buna cevap olarak, ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f karar\u0131n\u0131n parti merkez komitesi taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu, \u201cH\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n, Rumlar\u0131n ve Ermenilerin bunlara husumeti var diye\u201d Talat, Enver, Naz\u0131m, Bahaettin \u015eakir ve kendisinin, kendi g\u00fcvenlikleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00fclkeyi terk etmeleri gerekmi\u015f oldu\u011funu belirtir[163]<\/a>. Ba\u015fkan ard\u0131ndan Cavit\u2019in evinde yap\u0131lan toplant\u0131ya, bu toplant\u0131da haz\u0131rlanan ve Naz\u0131m\u2019\u0131n evinde yap\u0131lan arama esnas\u0131nda bulunan 9 maddelik plana de\u011finir[164]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn biyograf\u0131 Falih R\u0131fk\u0131 Atay\u2019\u0131n belirtti\u011fine g\u00f6re Naz\u0131m\u2019\u0131n, Kemal\u2019in Tal\u00e2t\u2019a T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye d\u00f6nme izni vermesi durumunda, Ermeniler taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia edip, Mustafa Kemal\u2019i Tal\u00e2t\u2019\u0131n katili olarak kabul etti\u011fini belirtir. Naz\u0131m, Mustafa Kemal\u2019e Meclis taraf\u0131ndan verilen \u201cgazi\u201d unvan\u0131yla alay ederek, \u0130zmir tramvaylar\u0131nda Kemal\u2019i \u201cgazoz pa\u015fa\u201d[165]<\/a> ve Milli Hareket y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki yaz\u0131\u015fmalarda \u201csar\u0131 kul\u201d olarak adland\u0131rmaktayd\u0131[166]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Kendi iktidarlar\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda tek partili sistem kurmu\u015f olan \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n, \u0130zmir ve Ankara davalar\u0131 s\u00fcresince demokrasiden konu\u015fmalar\u0131 ve muhalefet olu\u015fturman\u0131n demokratik prensiplerden biri oldu\u011funu vurgulamalar\u0131 ilgin\u00e7tir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Mustafa Kemal\u2019in 9 prensiplerine kar\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu iddia edilen plan\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 konusunda mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan su\u00e7lanan Naz\u0131m, \u201cparti kurmak, vatanda\u015fl\u0131k hakk\u0131d\u0131r\u201d,- diye vurgulamaktayd\u0131[167]<\/a>. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k savc\u0131 m\u00fcdahale etme gere\u011fi duyarak, \u201cBir\u00e7ok vatanda\u015flar Terakkiperver F\u0131rkaya dahil olmu\u015ftur ve olabilir de. Serbesttiler. Kimsenin bunlara bir \u015fey dedi\u011fi yok. L\u00e2kin doktor Naz\u0131m Bey\u2019i buraya getiren komitac\u0131 tarz\u0131ndaki faaliyetti.\u201d,- diye cevaplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r[168]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Savc\u0131, sorgulama sonras\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, Naz\u0131m\u2019\u0131n cevaplar\u0131nda samimiyetin k\u0131r\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n dahi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir[169]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Savc\u0131, 23 A\u011fustos 1926 tarihli duru\u015fmada m\u00fctalaas\u0131n\u0131 sunarak Cavit, Naz\u0131m, Hilmi ve Nail i\u00e7in 55. maddeye istinaden (as\u0131larak idam) idam cezas\u0131, Ali \u0130hsan, Vehbi, Ethem, H\u00fcsn\u00fc, Hamdi, Rauf Orbay ve Rahmi i\u00e7in 57. (m\u00fcebbet k\u00fcrek) ve 58. maddelere istinaden hapis cezas\u0131[170]<\/a>, Mithat \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Bleda da d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere, kalan 26 san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ise beraat\u0131n\u0131 talep eder[171]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Mahkeme, 25 A\u011fustos 1926 tarihinde san\u0131klar\u0131n savunmalar\u0131n\u0131 dinler. San\u0131klara avukat tutma izni verilmemi\u015f oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131, kendileri taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan savunmalar\u0131n\u0131 okurlar. \u00d6zellikle Cavit Bey, san\u0131klar aras\u0131nda en parlak savunmalardan birini haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f, konu\u015fmas\u0131 genel ve \u00f6zel olmak \u00fczere iki k\u0131s\u0131mdan olu\u015fmu\u015ftu[172]<\/a>. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 40 dakika[173]<\/a> s\u00fcren savunmas\u0131nda Cavit, sava\u015fa kat\u0131lma fikrine hemen her zaman kar\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve bunu her f\u0131rsatta h\u00fck\u00fcmete belirtmi\u015f oldu\u011funu bildirir. Sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan yolsuzluklarla da hi\u00e7bir ili\u015fkisi bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia eder[174]<\/a>. Cavit, savunmas\u0131nda 9 maddelik plan\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ink\u00e2r etmeden, benzer planlar\u0131n, siyasi hayat\u0131n taleplerinden h\u00e2s\u0131l olduklar\u0131n\u0131 vurgular[175]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Cavit\u2019ten sonra Yenibah\u00e7eli Nail, Doktor Naz\u0131m, Hilmi, Ali \u0130hsan ve di\u011ferleri de savunmalar\u0131n\u0131 sunar[176]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Ankara yarg\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fckm\u00fc 26 A\u011fustos 1926 tarihinde a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r. Kararda, \u201c\u2026millet ve memleketi d\u00fc\u015fman ayaklar\u0131 alt\u0131na at\u0131p ka\u00e7maktan ba\u015fka \u00e7are bulamayan \u0130ttihat ve Terakki mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n Milli M\u00fccadele\u2019nin sonucunda yine iktidara gelecekleri kanaatinde olduklar\u0131, Lozan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda Cavit Bey\u2019in evinde yap\u0131lan gizli toplant\u0131larla, isimleri say\u0131lan Kara Kemal, \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc, Ismail Canbolat gibi eski \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n Gazi M. Kemal\u2019e yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ba\u015fvurunun reddinden sonra, Ziya G\u00f6kalp de dahil olmak \u00fczere bir k\u0131s\u0131m \u00fcyenin siyasi otramdan ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, fakat di\u011ferlerinin devam etti\u011finin anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtildi. Bu gizli toplant\u0131larda B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi\u2019ndeki birinci ve ikinci gruplar\u0131 birle\u015ftirip, eski \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 da i\u00e7ine al\u0131p Rauf Bey\u2019in[177]<\/a> yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak, bu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lardan\u00a0 15-20 ki\u015filik bir mebus listesini \u201cM\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk\u00e7ular\u201d\u0131n \u015f\u00fcphesini \u00e7ekmeden yine Rauf Bey\u2019in yard\u0131m\u0131 ile kabul ettirmek veya bu da olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u0130ttihat Terakki olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmak karar\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve bunlar\u0131n hepsinin de ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131kla sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, Halk Partisi\u2019ni par\u00e7alamak i\u00e7in giri\u015fimde bulunuldu\u011funu, Rauf Bey\u2019in de buna ara\u00e7 oldu\u011funu, daha sonra Terakkiperver Parti\u2019nin kurulu\u015fu haz\u0131rlanarak bu yolla iktidar\u0131n ele ge\u00e7irilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 uzun uzun anlat\u0131yordu…\u201d[178]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Mahkeme heyetinin verdi\u011fi kararda, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n eskiden i\u015flemi\u015f olduklar\u0131 su\u00e7lar, \u0130zmir suikast\u0131yla a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde irtibatland\u0131r\u0131lmaktayd\u0131 \u201cFakat, buraya kadar s\u0131ralanan su\u00e7lara dikkat edilirse g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr ki; hepsi de umum\u00ee harbe giri\u015f, bu harp esnas\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ia\u015fe i\u015fleri gibi yolsuzluklar ve nihayet memleketi harbe sokanlar\u0131n ka\u00e7t\u0131klar\u0131 yerlerdeki faaliyetleri ve daha sonra memlekette iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in f\u0131rka kurma\u011fa te\u015febb\u00fcsleri gibi noktalar \u00fczerinde toplanmaktad\u0131r\u201d[179]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Karar h\u00fckm\u00fcnde daha sonra tek-tek san\u0131klar ele al\u0131n\u0131r. Cavit Bey, \u0130zmir suikast\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlayan \u015fah\u0131slarla s\u0131k\u0131 ili\u015fki i\u00e7inde olmak, onlara y\u00f6n g\u00f6stermek ve desteklemekle, Doktor Naz\u0131m Bey ise Cavit\u2019in evinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen toplant\u0131lara ve bu toplant\u0131larda al\u0131nan kararlara\u00a0 kat\u0131lmakla, Nail ve Hilmi ise, Enver Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n Rusya\u2019da bulundu\u011fu tarihten itibaren \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi\u2019nin iktidara gelmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda bulunmak ve gizli toplant\u0131lara kat\u0131lmakla su\u00e7lan\u0131yordu[180]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Karara istinaden eski maliye bakan\u0131 Cavit, Doktor Naz\u0131m, Ardahan mebusu Hilmi ve Nail \u00f6l\u00fcm, Ali Osman Vehbi, H\u00fcsn\u00fc, \u0130brahim Ethem, Rauf Orbay ve Rahmi ise 10 y\u0131l s\u00fcrg\u00fcn cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r[181]<\/a>. Kalan 37 san\u0131k, \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan beraat ettirilir.<\/p>\n

    1926 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Eyl\u00fcl ba\u015flar\u0131nda Ankara \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n yarg\u0131lanmalar\u0131yla ilgili birka\u00e7 ufak dava daha ele al\u0131n\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin 1 Eyl\u00fcl 1926 tarihinde avukat H\u00fcseyin Avni, TBMM eski mebusu Necati ve bunlar\u0131n akrabalar\u0131ndan Hasan Tahsin ve Mustafa\u2019dan olu\u015fan baz\u0131 Eski\u015fehirliler mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan 5 y\u0131l s\u00fcrg\u00fcn cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r[182]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Belirtilen \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131n, Mustafa Kemal\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenen suikastta Ziya Hur\u015fit\u2019le i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7inde bulunmu\u015f olduklar\u0131 kan\u0131tlan\u0131r[183]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    1926 y\u0131l\u0131nda dara\u011fac\u0131na g\u00f6nderilen Nail\u2019in, 1919 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Trabzon Ermenilerinin tehcir ve taktil davas\u0131 d\u00e2hilinde, Ermenilerin imha edilmesini organize etmekten, g\u0131yab\u0131nda idama mahk\u00fbm edilmi\u015f oldu\u011funu belirtmek gerekir[184]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7eviren: Diran Lokmag\u00f6zyan<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

    Akunq.net<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

    \n

     <\/p>\n

    \n
    \n

    [1]<\/a> Murat <\/b>\u00c7<\/b>ulcu,<\/b> Spek\u00fclatif Marjinal Tarih Tezleri, \u0130stanbul, E Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2000, s. 284.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [2]<\/a> A.g.e., s.286.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [3]<\/a> Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun ekonomisini millile\u015ftirenlerinden biri olan Kara Kemal, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 zaman\u0131nda g\u0131da bakan\u0131 olarak, Ermenilerin mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ya\u011fmas\u0131n\u0131n resmile\u015ftirilmesi konusunda \u00f6nemli rol oynam\u0131\u015f olup, milli hareketin d\u00fczenlenmesi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda kayda de\u011fer i\u015flem g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olan \u201cKarakol\u201d te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n kurucular\u0131ndan biridir. Kemal, Malta s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde m\u00fctevellilik stat\u00fcs\u00fcyle tekrar \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n milli ihracat \u015firketlerinin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7er. Bk. Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn S\u0131rda\u015f\u0131 K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Ali\u2019nin An\u0131lar\u0131, Derleyen: Hul\u00fbsi Turgut, \u0130stanbul, 2005, s. 414.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [4]<\/a> Erg<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>n Aybars,<\/b> \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri, \u0130stanbul, 1998, s. 384.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [5]<\/a> A. Avakyan<\/b>, \u201c\u00c7erkezki Faktor v Osmanskoy \u0130mperii i Turtsii (vtoraya polovina XIX-pervaya \u00e7etverts XX vv.), Yerevan, izd. \u201cGitutyun\u201d, 2001, s.369.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [6]<\/a> Aralov S. \u0130<\/b>., Vospominaniya sovetskovo diplomata 1922-1923, Moskva, 1960, s.145.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [7]<\/a> Falih<\/b>R<\/b>\u0131<\/b>fk<\/b>\u0131 <\/b>Atay<\/b>,<\/b> \u00c7ankaya-Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn do\u011fumundan \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne kadar-, \u0130stanbul, 1969, s. 346.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [8]<\/a> Novi\u00e7ev A. D<\/b>., Turtsiya, Kratkaya istoriya, Moskva, 1965, s. 170.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [9]<\/a> Noveyi\u015faya istoriya Turtsii, otv. red. \u015eamsutdinov, Moskva, 1968, s. 68.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [10]<\/a> Aralov S. \u0130., <\/b>Vospominaniya sovetskovo diplomata 1922-1923, s. 208.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [11]<\/a> A.g.e., s.142.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [12]<\/a> A.g.e.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [13]<\/a> Novei\u015faya istoriya Turtsii, s.83.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [14]<\/a> A.g.e., s.84.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [15]<\/a> Daha sonra Cumhuriyet Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [16]<\/a> Tunaya<\/b>T<\/b>.,<\/b> T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Siyasal Partiler, Cilt 3, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki, Bir \u00c7a\u011f\u0131n, Bir Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n, Bir Partinin Tarihi, \u0130stanbul, 2000, s. 707.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [17]<\/a> A. Avakyan<\/b>, \u201c\u00c7erkezki Faktor v Osmanskoy \u0130mperii i Turtsii, s.369.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [18]<\/a> Aralov S. \u0130., <\/b>Vospominaniya sovetskovo diplomata 1922-1923, s. 208.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [19]<\/a> Tar<\/b>\u0131<\/b>k<\/b>Zafer<\/b>Tunaya<\/b>,<\/b> T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Siyasal Partiler, cilt III, s. 707.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [20]<\/a> Y\u0131lmaz G<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>lcan,<\/b> Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi 1923-1946, Alfa Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2001, s. 93.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [21]<\/a> A.g.e., s.94. Parti program\u0131n\u0131n, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 Kara Kemal taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu belirtmek gerekir, bk. Erg<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>n Aybars,<\/b> \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri, s. 385.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [22]<\/a> U\u011fur Mumcu, <\/b>Gazi Pa\u015fa\u2019ya Suikast, Ankara, 1999, s. 12.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [23]<\/a> A.g.e.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [24]<\/a> Murat <\/b>\u00c7<\/b>ulcu,<\/b> Spek\u00fclatif Marjinal Tarih Tezleri, s. 293.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [25]<\/a> Y\u0131lmaz G<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>lcan,<\/b> Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi 1923-1946, s. 96.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [26]<\/a> A.g.e., s.98.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [27]<\/a> Novei\u015faya istoriya Turtsii, s.86.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [28]<\/a> A.g.e., s.86-87. Redakt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn H\u00fcseyin Cahit oldu\u011fu, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n yar\u0131 resmi organ\u0131 \u201cTanin\u201d de kapan\u0131r, bk. A. Avakyan<\/b>, \u201c\u00c7erkezki Faktor v Osmanskoy \u0130mperii i Turtsii, s.370.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [29]<\/a> Seyhun<\/b>Tuna<\/b>\u015f<\/b>ar<\/b>, <\/b>Gizemli Bir Devrimci Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Dahiliye Vekili Cumhuriyetimizin \u0130stanbul Milletvekili \u0130smail Canpolat (Janbulet), Ankara, Piramit Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, 2004, s. 84.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [30]<\/a> 6 ay s\u00fcreyle kurulan bu iki \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemeleri, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yetkilerle donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup, g\u00f6rev s\u00fcreleri 6 ayda bir uzat\u0131lmaktayd\u0131, bk. Erg<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>n<\/b>Aybars<\/b>,<\/b> \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri, s. 406.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [31]<\/a> Y\u0131lmaz G<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>lcan,<\/b> Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi 1923-1946, s. 100-101.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [32]<\/a> A. Avakyan<\/b>, \u201c\u00c7erkezki Faktor v Osmanskoy \u0130mperii i Turtsii, s.370.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [33]<\/a> A.g.e., s.371.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [34]<\/a> Murat<\/b>\u00c7<\/b>ulcu<\/b>,<\/b> Spek\u00fclatif Marjinal Tarih Tezleri, s. 285.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [35]<\/a> Novei\u015faya istoriya Turtsii, s.86.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [36]<\/a> A.g.e.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [37]<\/a> Erg<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>n Aybars,<\/b> \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri, s. 357.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [38]<\/a> A.g.e.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [39]<\/a> Ali Fuat Cebesoy\u2019a g\u00f6re, Sar\u0131 Edip Efe\u2019nin ger\u00e7ekte T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin casusu oldu\u011fu konusunda rivayetler dola\u015fmaktayd\u0131, bk. Erik Jan Z<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>rcher,<\/b> Milli M\u00fccadelede \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul, \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2008, s. 218. Sar\u0131 Edip Efe yarg\u0131lama esnas\u0131nda, s\u00fcrekli olarak suikast\u0131 ilk olarak kendisinin bildirmi\u015f oldu\u011funu iddia etmesine ra\u011fmen, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi \u00fcyelerinden biri oldu\u011fundan ve suikast\u0131n ittihada ba\u011flanabilmesi i\u00e7in su\u00e7lan\u0131p, h\u00fck\u00fcm giymesi gerekti\u011finden dolay\u0131, mahkeme tersini iddia edip, su\u00e7layarak idam h\u00fckm\u00fc verir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [40]<\/a> A. Avakyan<\/b>, \u201c\u00c7erkezki Faktor v Osmanskoy \u0130mperii i Turtsii, s.370.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [41]<\/a> U\u011fur Mumcu, <\/b>Gazi Pa\u015fa\u2019ya Suikast, ss. 1-2.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [42]<\/a> A.g.e., s.2-3.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [43]<\/a> Bu davayla ilgili ilk tutuklanan da kendisi olmu\u015ftur, bk. Erg<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>n Aybars,<\/b> \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri, s. 365.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [44]<\/a> U\u011fur Mumcu, <\/b>Gazi Pa\u015fa\u2019ya Suikast, s. 2.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [45]<\/a> A.g.e., s.3.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [46]<\/a> Tar\u0131k Zafer Tunaya,<\/b> T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Siyasal Partiler, cilt III, s. 710.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [47]<\/a> Erg<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>n Aybars,<\/b> \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri, s. 359.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [48]<\/a> Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn S\u0131rda\u015f\u0131 K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Ali\u2019nin An\u0131lar\u0131, s. 367.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [49]<\/a> A.g.e.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [50]<\/a> A.g.e.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [51]<\/a> Erik Jan Z<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>rcher,<\/b> Milli M\u00fccadelede \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, s. 219.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [52]<\/a> A.g.e., s.220.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [53]<\/a> Mete Tun<\/b>\u00e7<\/b>ay,<\/b> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde Tek-Parti Y\u00f6netimi\u2019nin Kurulmas\u0131 (1923-1931), \u0130stanbul, Tarih Vakf\u0131 Yurt Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1999, s. 174.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [54]<\/a> Erik Jan Z<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>rcher,<\/b> Milli M\u00fccadelede \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, s. 219.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [55]<\/a> Mete Tun<\/b>\u00e7<\/b>ay,<\/b> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde Tek-Parti Y\u00f6netimi\u2019nin Kurulmas\u0131 (1923-1931), s. 165.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [56]<\/a> Erg<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>n Aybars,<\/b> \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri, s. 404.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [57]<\/a> Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn S\u0131rda\u015f\u0131 K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Ali\u2019nin An\u0131lar\u0131, s. 370.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [58]<\/a> Erg<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>n Aybars,<\/b> \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri, s. 398.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [59]<\/a> Seyhun Tuna\u015far, <\/b>Gizemli Bir Devrimci Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Dahiliye Vekili Cumhuriyetimizin \u0130stanbul Milletvekili \u0130smail Canpolat (Janbulet), s. 93.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [60]<\/a> A.g.e., s.92.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [61]<\/a> Erg<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>n Aybars,<\/b> \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri, s. 400.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [62]<\/a> Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn S\u0131rda\u015f\u0131 K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Ali\u2019nin An\u0131lar\u0131, s. 375.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [63]<\/a> Mehmet Barlas, <\/b>\u0130stiklal Mahkemesi belgeleri niye gizli kals\u0131n ki?, Sabah Gazetesi, 11.02.2010.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [64]<\/a> Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn S\u0131rda\u015f\u0131 K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Ali\u2019nin An\u0131lar\u0131, s. 373.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [65]<\/a> Ziya Hur\u015fit, polislere vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu daha ilk ifadesinde suikast\u0131 itiraf etmi\u015fti, bk. Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn S\u0131rda\u015f\u0131 K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Ali\u2019nin An\u0131lar\u0131, s. 442.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [66]<\/a> U\u011fur Mumcu, <\/b>Gazi Pa\u015fa\u2019ya Suikast, ss. 5-6.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [67]<\/a> \u0130zmir\u2019in bir mahallesi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [68]<\/a> Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn S\u0131rda\u015f\u0131 K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Ali\u2019nin An\u0131lar\u0131, s. 442.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [69]<\/a> AVP RF, F. 132, Referantura po Turtsii, op. 11, papka 79, d. 38, 1926 g., l. 56.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [70]<\/a> AVP RF, F. 132, Referantura po Turtsii, op. 11, papka 79, d. 37, 1926 g., l. 49.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [71]<\/a> A. Avakyan<\/b>, \u201c\u00c7erkezki Faktor v Osmanskoy \u0130mperii i Turtsii, s.372.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [72]<\/a> Erg<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>n Aybars,<\/b> \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri, s. 361.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [73]<\/a> AVP RF, F. 132, Referantura po Turtsii, op. 11, papka 78, d. 34, 1926 g., l. 20.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [74]<\/a> \u015eeyh Sait isyan\u0131ndan bahsedilmektedir. Bu \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemesi, isyan\u0131n bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmala\u0131na devam eder.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [75]<\/a> Mete Tun<\/b>\u00e7<\/b>ay,<\/b> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde Tek-Parti Y\u00f6netimi\u2019nin Kurulmas\u0131 (1923-1931), s. 167.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [76]<\/a> Seyhun Tuna\u015far, <\/b>Gizemli Bir Devrimci Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Dahiliye Vekili Cumhuriyetimizin \u0130stanbul Milletvekili \u0130smail Canpolat (Janbulet), ss. 84-85.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [77]<\/a> Erik Jan Z<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>rcher,<\/b> Milli M\u00fccadelede \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, ss. 221-222.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [78]<\/a> \u0130\u00e7lerinden Abdullah Adnan Ad\u0131var ve H\u00fcseyin Rauf Orbay, yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulunduklar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 tutuklanmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. 26 Haziran 1926 tarihli Frans\u0131z \u201cLa r\u00e9publique\u201d gazetesinin bildirdi\u011fine g\u00f6re \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemesi, o s\u0131ralar Londra\u2019da bulunan bu iki ki\u015finin bulunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye d\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na talimat vermi\u015fti, bk. AVP RF, F. 132, Referantura po Turtsii, op. 11, d. 35, 1926 g., l. 358.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [79]<\/a> Erik Jan Z<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>rcher,<\/b> Milli M\u00fccadelede \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, s. 221.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [80]<\/a> AVP RF, F. 132, Referantura po Turtsii, op. 11, papka 79, d. 38, 1926 g., l. 57.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [81]<\/a> Erik Jan Z<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>rcher,<\/b> Milli M\u00fccadelede \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, s. 221.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [82]<\/a> A.g.e.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [83]<\/a> Erg<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>n Aybars,<\/b> \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri, s. 369.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [84]<\/a> A. Avakyan<\/b>, \u201c\u00c7erkezki Faktor v Osmanskoy \u0130mperii i Turtsii, s.372.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [85]<\/a> AVP RF, F. 132, Referantura po Turtsii, op. 11, papka 79, d. 37, 1926 g., l. 49. Mithat \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Bleda da tam bu g\u00fcnde tutuklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, bk. Erik<\/b>Jan<\/b>Z<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>rcher<\/b>,<\/b> Milli M\u00fccadelede \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, s. 220.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [86]<\/a> A.g.e., s.222.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [87]<\/a> Kandemir,<\/b> \u0130zmir Suikastinin \u0130\u00e7 Y\u00fcz\u00fc, Birinci Cilt, Ekici\u011fil Matbaas\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1955, s. 21.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [88]<\/a> AVP RF, F. 132, Referantura po Turtsii, op. 11, papka 78, d. 35, 1926 g., l. 358. Cavit\u2019in tutuklanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu haberi, Avrupa masonlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck endi\u015fe yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [89]<\/a> AVP RF, F. 132, Referantura po Turtsii, op. 11, papka 79, d. 38, 1926 g., l. 64.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [90]<\/a> Kandemir, <\/b>Cumhuriyet DevrindeSiyas\u00ee Cinayetler, Ekici\u011fil Matbaas\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1955, s. 95.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [91]<\/a> U\u011fur Mumcu, <\/b>Gazi Pa\u015fa\u2019ya Suikast, s. 82.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [92]<\/a> Kandemir, <\/b>Cumhuriyet DevrindeSiyas\u00ee Cinayetler, ss. 99-100. Mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7oktan idama mahk\u00fbm edilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [93]<\/a> Tar\u0131k Zafer Tunaya,<\/b> T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Siyasal Partiler, cilt III, s. 714.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [94]<\/a> Mete Tun<\/b>\u00e7<\/b>ay,<\/b> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde Tek-Parti Y\u00f6netimi\u2019nin Kurulmas\u0131 (1923-1931), s. 167.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [95]<\/a> Ali \u00c7etinkaya, \u00f6nceleri \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi \u00fcyesi olmu\u015f, dahas\u0131, \u0130ngilizler taraf\u0131ndan Malta\u2019ya s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilen ittihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n aras\u0131nda bulunup, 2 y\u0131l \u0130smail Canpolat\u2019\u0131n h\u00fccre arkada\u015f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur, bk. Seyhun Tuna\u015far, <\/b>Gizemli Bir Devrimci Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Dahiliye Vekili Cumhuriyetimizin \u0130stanbul Milletvekili \u0130smail Canpolat (Janbulet), s. 86.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [96]<\/a> Erik Jan Z<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>rcher,<\/b> Milli M\u00fccadelede \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, s. 220.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [97]<\/a> U\u011fur Mumcu, <\/b>Gazi Pa\u015fa\u2019ya Suikast, s. 27.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [98]<\/a> Erik Jan Z<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>rcher,<\/b> Milli M\u00fccadelede \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, s. 224.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [99]<\/a> Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn S\u0131rda\u015f\u0131 K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Ali\u2019nin An\u0131lar\u0131, s. 475.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [100]<\/a> Erik Jan Z<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>rcher,<\/b> Milli M\u00fccadelede \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, s. 226.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [101]<\/a> Tar\u0131k Zafer Tunaya,<\/b> T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Siyasal Partiler, cilt III, s. 712.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [102]<\/a> U\u011fur Mumcu, <\/b>Gazi Pa\u015fa\u2019ya Suikast, s. 55. \u201cKara \u00c7ete\u201d ad\u0131yla genellikle Kara Kemal, Kara Vas\u0131f ve onlar\u0131n ad\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak olu\u015fturulan \u201cKarakol\u201d te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n birlikteli\u011fi vurgulanmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [103]<\/a> Kandemir,<\/b> \u0130zmir Suikastinin \u0130\u00e7 Y\u00fcz\u00fc, Birinci Cilt, s. 81.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [104]<\/a> A.g.e., s.82.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [105]<\/a> Do<\/b>\u00e7<\/b>. Dr. Ahmet Eyicil,<\/b> \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Liderlerinden Doktor Naz\u0131m Bey, Ankara, G\u00fcn Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, 2004, ss. 321-322.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [106]<\/a> Erg<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>n Aybars,<\/b> \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri, s. 376.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [107]<\/a> Kandemir,<\/b> \u0130zmir Suikastinin \u0130\u00e7 Y\u00fcz\u00fc, Birinci Cilt, s. 82.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [108]<\/a> Seyhun Tuna\u015far, <\/b>Gizemli Bir Devrimci Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Dahiliye Vekili Cumhuriyetimizin \u0130stanbul Milletvekili \u0130smail Canpolat, s. 86.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [109]<\/a> U\u011fur Mumcu, <\/b>Gazi Pa\u015fa\u2019ya Suikast, s. 55.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [110]<\/a> Erg<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>n Aybars,<\/b> \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri, s. 378.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [111]<\/a> \u0130stanbul\u2019un bir mahallesi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [112]<\/a> Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn S\u0131rda\u015f\u0131 K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Ali\u2019nin An\u0131lar\u0131, ss. 459-460.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [113]<\/a> A.g.e., s.460.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [114]<\/a> Erik Jan Z<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>rcher,<\/b> Milli M\u00fccadelede \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, s. 229.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [115]<\/a> U\u011fur Mumcu, <\/b>Gazi Pa\u015fa\u2019ya Suikast, s. 57.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [116]<\/a> Seyhun Tuna\u015far, <\/b>Gizemli Bir Devrimci Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Dahiliye Vekili Cumhuriyetimizin \u0130stanbul Milletvekili \u0130smail Canpolat (Janbulet), s. 86.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [117]<\/a> Erg<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>n Aybars,<\/b> \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri, s. 376.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [118]<\/a> San\u0131klardan Kara Kemal ve Abdulkadir, g\u0131yaplar\u0131nda idama mahk\u00fbm olur.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [119]<\/a> Mete Tun<\/b>\u00e7<\/b>ay,<\/b> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde Tek-Parti Y\u00f6netimi\u2019nin Kurulmas\u0131 (1923-1931), s. 168.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [120]<\/a> A. Avakyan<\/b>, \u201c\u00c7erkezki Faktor v Osmanskoy \u0130mperii i Turtsii, s.379.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [121]<\/a> Osman Selim Kocahano\u011flu, <\/b>Atat\u00fcrk\u2019e Kurulan Pusu. \u0130zmir Suikasti\u2019nin Perde Arkas\u0131 1926. \u0130ddianame\/Duru\u015fmalar\/H\u00fck\u00fcm, \u0130stanbul, Temel Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2003, s. 375.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [122]<\/a> Kandemir,<\/b> \u0130zmir Suikastinin \u0130\u00e7 Y\u00fcz\u00fc, \u0130kinci Cilt, Ekici\u011fil Matbaas\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1955, s. 8.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [123]<\/a> Erik Jan Z<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>rcher,<\/b> Milli M\u00fccadelede \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, s. 231.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [124]<\/a> Erg<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>n Aybars,<\/b> \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri, s. 385.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [125]<\/a> AVP RF, F. 132, Referantura po Turtsii, op. 11, papka 79, d. 38, 1926 g., l. 64.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [126]<\/a> AVP RF, F. 132, Referantura po Turtsii, op. 11, papka 79, d. 38, 1926 g., l. 64. Bk. ayr\u0131ca A. Avakyan<\/b>, \u00c7erkezki Faktor v Osmanskoy \u0130mperii i Turtsii, s.380.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [127]<\/a> Osman Selim Kocahano\u011flu, <\/b>Atat\u00fcrk\u2019e Kurulan Pusu, s. 375.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [128]<\/a> A.g.e., s.376.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [129]<\/a> Tar\u0131k Zafer Tunaya,<\/b> T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Siyasal Partiler, cilt III, s. 714.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [130]<\/a> Kandemir,<\/b> \u0130zmir Suikastinin \u0130\u00e7 Y\u00fcz\u00fc, \u0130kinci Cilt, \u0130stanbul, Ekici\u011fil Matbaas\u0131, 1955, s s. 7-8.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [131]<\/a> Erg<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>n Aybars,<\/b> \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri, s. 387.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [132]<\/a> Erik Jan Z<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>rcher,<\/b> Milli M\u00fccadelede \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, s. 231.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [133]<\/a> Osman Selim Kocahano\u011flu, <\/b>Atat\u00fcrk\u2019e Kurulan Pusu, s. 379.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [134]<\/a> Do<\/b>\u00e7<\/b>. Dr. Ahmet Eycil,<\/b> \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Liderlerinden Doktor Naz\u0131m Bey, s. 323.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [135]<\/a> Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn S\u0131rda\u015f\u0131 K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Ali\u2019nin An\u0131lar\u0131, s. 485.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [136]<\/a> Tar\u0131k Zafer Tunaya,<\/b> T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Siyasal Partiler, cilt III, s. 715.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [137]<\/a> Tutuklamalar hen\u00fcz ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fken mahkeme ba\u015fkan\u0131 Ali \u00c7etinkaya, yak\u0131n \u00e7evresine \u201cCavit\u2019le, Naz\u0131m\u2019\u0131 mutlaka asaca\u011f\u0131z\u201d demekteydi, bk. Kandemir,<\/b> \u0130zmir Suikastinin \u0130\u00e7 Y\u00fcz\u00fc, \u0130kinci Cilt, s. 50.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [138]<\/a> Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn S\u0131rda\u015f\u0131 K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Ali\u2019nin An\u0131lar\u0131, s. 485.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [139]<\/a> Osman Selim Kocahano\u011flu, <\/b>Atat\u00fcrk\u2019e Kurulan Pusu, s. 380.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [140]<\/a> Tar\u0131k Zafer Tunaya,<\/b> T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Siyasal Partiler, cilt III, s. 716.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [141]<\/a> Erg<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>n Aybars,<\/b> \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri, s. 388.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [142]<\/a> Osman Selim Kocahano\u011flu, <\/b>Atat\u00fcrk\u2019e Kurulan Pusu, s. 404.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [143]<\/a> Do<\/b>\u00e7<\/b>. Dr. Ahmet Eycil,<\/b> \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Liderlerinden Doktor Naz\u0131m Bey, s. 303.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [144]<\/a> Mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan beraat ettirilmi\u015ftir, bk. AVP RF, F. 132, Referantura po Turtsii, op. 11, papka 78, d. 34, 1926 g., l. 1.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [145]<\/a> Erg<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>n Aybars,<\/b> \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri, s. 388.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [146]<\/a> Kandemir,<\/b> \u0130zmir Suikastinin \u0130\u00e7 Y\u00fcz\u00fc, \u0130kinci Cilt, s. 29.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [147]<\/a> Erik Jan Z<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>rcher,<\/b> Milli M\u00fccadelede \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, s. 232.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [148]<\/a> Tar\u0131k Zafer Tunaya,<\/b> T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Siyasal Partiler, cilt III, s. 716.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [149]<\/a> Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn S\u0131rda\u015f\u0131 K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Ali\u2019nin An\u0131lar\u0131, s. 485.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [150]<\/a> Erg<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>n Aybars,<\/b> \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri, s. 388.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [151]<\/a> Kandemir,<\/b> \u0130zmir Suikastinin \u0130\u00e7 Y\u00fcz\u00fc, \u0130kinci Cilt, s. 30.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [152]<\/a> Osman Selim Kocahano\u011flu, <\/b>Atat\u00fcrk\u2019e Kurulan Pusu, s. 507.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [153]<\/a> Mete Tun<\/b>\u00e7<\/b>ay,<\/b> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde Tek-Parti Y\u00f6netimi\u2019nin Kurulmas\u0131 (1923-1931), s. 169.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [154]<\/a> Osman Selim Kocahano\u011flu, <\/b>Atat\u00fcrk\u2019e Kurulan Pusu, s. 508.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [155]<\/a> A.g.e.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [156]<\/a> Erg<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>n Aybars,<\/b> \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri, s. 389.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [157]<\/a> Erik Jan Z<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>rcher,<\/b> Milli M\u00fccadelede \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, s. 232.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [158]<\/a> Erg<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>n Aybars,<\/b> \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri, s. 389.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [159]<\/a> Kandemir,<\/b> \u0130zmir Suikastinin \u0130\u00e7 Y\u00fcz\u00fc, \u0130kinci Cilt, s. 53.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [160]<\/a> Osman Selim Kocahano\u011flu, <\/b>Atat\u00fcrk\u2019e Kurulan Pusu, s. 482.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [161]<\/a> A.g.e., s.485.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [162]<\/a> Kandemir,<\/b> \u0130zmir Suikastinin \u0130\u00e7 Y\u00fcz\u00fc, \u0130kinci Cilt, s. 58.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [163]<\/a> Osman Selim Kocahano\u011flu, <\/b>Atat\u00fcrk\u2019e Kurulan Pusu, s. 488.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [164]<\/a> Kandemir,<\/b> \u0130zmir Suikastinin \u0130\u00e7 Y\u00fcz\u00fc, \u0130kinci Cilt, s. 63.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [165]<\/a> Bu konuda bk. Falih R\u0131fk\u0131 Atay, <\/b>\u00c7ankaya. Mustafa Kemal\u2019in \u00c7ankaya\u2019s\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1998, s. 346.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [166]<\/a> Arsen Avagyan,<\/b> Dr. Naz\u0131m\u2019\u0131n Milli M\u00fccadele hakk\u0131nda bir mektubu, \u201cToplumsal Tarih\u201d, N 125, \u0130stanbul, May\u0131s 2004, ss. 30-32.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [167]<\/a>Kandemir,<\/b> \u0130zmir Suikastinin \u0130\u00e7 Y\u00fcz\u00fc, \u0130kinci Cilt, s. 64.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [168]<\/a> A.g.e., s.65.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [169]<\/a> Osman Selim Kocahano\u011flu, <\/b>Atat\u00fcrk\u2019e Kurulan Pusu, s. 501.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [170]<\/a> AVP RF, F. 132, Referantura po Turtsii, op. 11, papka 78, d. 34, 1926 g., l. 18.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [171]<\/a> Erik Jan Z<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>rcher,<\/b> Milli M\u00fccadelede \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, s. 232.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [172]<\/a> Erg<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>n Aybars,<\/b> \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri, s. 390.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [173]<\/a> Z\u00fcrcher\u2019e g\u00f6re Cavit\u2019in savunmas\u0131 75 dakika s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr, bk. Erik Jan Z<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>rcher,<\/b> Milli M\u00fccadelede \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, s. 232.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [174]<\/a> Osman Selim Kocahano\u011flu, <\/b>Atat\u00fcrk\u2019e Kurulan Pusu, ss. 561-566.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [175]<\/a> Tar\u0131k Zafer Tunaya,<\/b> T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Siyasal Partiler, cilt III, s. 718.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [176]<\/a> Erg<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>n Aybars,<\/b> \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri, s. 390.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [177]<\/a> Belirtilen d\u00f6nemde T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti ba\u015fbakan\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [178]<\/a> Erg<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>n Aybars,<\/b> \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri, s. 391.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [179]<\/a> Kandemir,<\/b> \u0130zmir Suikastinin \u0130\u00e7 Y\u00fcz\u00fc, \u0130kinci Cilt, s. 112.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [180]<\/a> Erg<\/b>\u00fc<\/b>n Aybars,<\/b> \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri, s. 391.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [181]<\/a>A.g.e., s.391-392.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [182]<\/a> AVP RF, F. 132, Referantura po Turtsii, op. 11, papka 78, d. 33, 1926 g., l. 34.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [183]<\/a> AVP RF, F. 132, Referantura po Turtsii, op. 11, papka 78, d. 33, 1926 g., l. 35.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [184]<\/a> Takv\u00eem-i Vekayi, No 3616, 6 A\u011fustos 1919, ss. 1-3.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Meline Anumyan (Tarih bilimleri doktoru) 1923-1926 tarihlerinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fanan siyasi geli\u015fmeler, muhalefet cephesinde bulunan \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 liderler ve \u0130zmir suikast\u0131 \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 yenilgisi sonras\u0131nda birka\u00e7 gruba b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr. \u0130\u00e7lerinden bir grup, padi\u015fahla i\u015fbirli\u011fine ba\u015flar, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n liderlerinden olu\u015fan di\u011fer grup yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ka\u00e7ar, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc grup ise milli hareketin \u00e7ekirde\u011fini olu\u015fturur. Bu son grup da […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,70,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22805","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-tarih-sayfalari"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n 1926 Yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=22805\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n 1926 Yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Meline Anumyan (Tarih bilimleri doktoru) 1923-1926 tarihlerinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fanan siyasi geli\u015fmeler, muhalefet cephesinde bulunan \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 liderler ve \u0130zmir suikast\u0131 \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 yenilgisi sonras\u0131nda birka\u00e7 gruba b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr. \u0130\u00e7lerinden bir grup, padi\u015fahla i\u015fbirli\u011fine ba\u015flar, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n liderlerinden olu\u015fan di\u011fer grup yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ka\u00e7ar, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc grup ise milli hareketin \u00e7ekirde\u011fini olu\u015fturur. Bu son grup da […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=22805\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2013-04-09T10:08:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/Meline-Anumyan-1.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"52 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=22805\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=22805\",\"name\":\"\u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n 1926 Yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=22805#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=22805#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/Meline-Anumyan-1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2013-04-09T10:08:09+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=22805#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=22805\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=22805#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2013\/04\/Meline-Anumyan-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2013\/04\/Meline-Anumyan-1.jpg\",\"width\":290,\"height\":331},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=22805#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n 1926 Yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/\",\"name\":\"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?author=7\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n 1926 Yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=22805","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n 1926 Yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","og_description":"Meline Anumyan (Tarih bilimleri doktoru) 1923-1926 tarihlerinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fanan siyasi geli\u015fmeler, muhalefet cephesinde bulunan \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 liderler ve \u0130zmir suikast\u0131 \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 yenilgisi sonras\u0131nda birka\u00e7 gruba b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr. \u0130\u00e7lerinden bir grup, padi\u015fahla i\u015fbirli\u011fine ba\u015flar, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n liderlerinden olu\u015fan di\u011fer grup yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ka\u00e7ar, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc grup ise milli hareketin \u00e7ekirde\u011fini olu\u015fturur. Bu son grup da […]","og_url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=22805","og_site_name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","article_published_time":"2013-04-09T10:08:09+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/Meline-Anumyan-1.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"52 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=22805","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=22805","name":"\u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n 1926 Yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=22805#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=22805#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/Meline-Anumyan-1.jpg","datePublished":"2013-04-09T10:08:09+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=22805#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=22805"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=22805#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2013\/04\/Meline-Anumyan-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2013\/04\/Meline-Anumyan-1.jpg","width":290,"height":331},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=22805#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n 1926 Yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/","name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e","name":"admin","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?author=7"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22805","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=22805"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22805\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22807,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22805\/revisions\/22807"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=22805"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=22805"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=22805"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}