{"id":21776,"date":"2013-02-15T03:32:52","date_gmt":"2013-02-15T08:32:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=21776"},"modified":"2013-02-15T03:32:52","modified_gmt":"2013-02-15T08:32:52","slug":"18-iv-yuzyilda-bati-ermenistan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=21776","title":{"rendered":"18. IV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Bat\u0131 Ermenistan"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"527-591<\/a>
527-591 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Ermenistan<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

387 b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi sonras\u0131nda \u00fclkede durum<\/b><\/p>\n

Bizans ve Sasani \u0130ran, B\u00fcy\u00fck Hayk Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 aralar\u0131nda payla\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra, \u00e7e\u015fitli yollardan Ermeni beylerin haklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmaya ve \u00fclkede kendi resmi dinlerini yaymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

H\u0131ristiyan Bizans\u2019\u0131n, asimilasyon siyaseti uygularken, Sasani \u0130ran\u2019dan hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde geri kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 burada belirtmek gerekir.<\/p>\n

Bu siyaset, Konstantinopel (\u0130stanbul) yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bulunan Ka\u011fkedon (Kalketon, Kad\u0131k\u00f6y) \u015fehrinde 451 y\u0131l\u0131nda toplanan IV. Evrensel Kilise Konseyi sonras\u0131nda daha sistematik bir hal al\u0131r. \u0130sa Mesih\u2019in iki veya bir tabiata sahip oldu\u011fu konusunda sert doktrinsel tart\u0131\u015fmalar ya\u015fan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sonunda, Bizans ruhanileri, \u0130sa Mesih\u2019in iki tabiata sahip oldu\u011fu, yani ayn\u0131 zamanda hem Tanr\u0131, hem insan oldu\u011fu konusunda karar verir.<\/p>\n

Ka\u011fkedon Konseyi taraftarlar\u0131 daha sonra duofizler veya Ka\u011fkedoncular olarak an\u0131l\u0131r. Ermeni ruhaniler, Vandanants ayaklanmas\u0131 nedeniyle Ka\u011fkedon Konseyi\u2019ne kat\u0131lmaz.<\/p>\n

Daha sonraki d\u00f6nemde Bizansl\u0131lar Ermenilere Ka\u011fkedon Konseyi kararlar\u0131n\u0131 empoze etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131nda, Ermeni Kilisesi, duofizli\u011fi kesinlikle reddeder.<\/p>\n

506 y\u0131l\u0131nda D\u0131vin\u2019de G\u00fcrc\u00fc ve A\u011fvanlar\u0131n (Alanlar, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Da\u011f\u0131stan b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fayan eski halk, devlet) kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla bir konsey d\u00fczenlenir. Konsey, Ka\u011fkedon Konseyi kararlar\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmeyi reddeder. Bu y\u00fczden de Ermeniler monofiz veya Ka\u011fkedon kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 olarak an\u0131lmaya ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n

Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda resmi olarak kabul edilen doktrin, y\u00f6netimin elinde bir yay\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k siyaseti aleti olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu duruma kar\u015f\u0131 koyabilmek i\u00e7in, Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun do\u011fusunda bulunan di\u011fer H\u0131ristiyan kiliseleri de Ka\u011fkedon kararlar\u0131n\u0131 reddeder. Ermenilerin haricinde Asurlular (S\u00fcryaniler), K\u0131ptiler ve Habe\u015fler de monofizli\u011fe meyleder. Bizans ve do\u011fu kiliseleri, nihai olarak birbirlerinden ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bizans kilisesi, daha sonraki y\u00fczy\u0131llarda da t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u015fekillerde Ermeni Kilisesi ve Ermenilere Ka\u011fkedonculu\u011fu empoze etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, fakat ciddi bir netice elde edemez.<\/p>\n

Monofizli\u011fin yay\u0131lmas\u0131, bask\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki halklar\u0131n imparatorlu\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015finin d\u0131\u015favurumuydu.<\/p>\n

387 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra Bat\u0131 Ermenistan<\/b><\/p>\n

Bat\u0131 veya Bizans Ermenistan\u2019\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7 esas b\u00f6lgeden m\u00fcte\u015fekkildi. Birincisi K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Hayk olarak an\u0131lmakta ve yakla\u015f\u0131k be\u015f y\u00fczy\u0131ld\u0131r Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu b\u00fcnyesinde bulunmaktayd\u0131. Burada ya\u015fayan Ermeni toplulu\u011fu Yunan-Roma dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr etkisi alt\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Hayk b\u00f6lgesinde IV. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda olu\u015fturulan Birinci ve \u0130kinci Hayk b\u00f6lgeleri (provincia), di\u011fer Bizans topraklar\u0131ndan, y\u00f6netimsel olarak farkl\u0131 de\u011fildi. Birinci Hayk\u2019\u0131n merkezi Sebastia (Sivas), \u0130kinci Hayk\u2019\u0131n ise Melitine (Malatya) \u015fehriydi.<\/p>\n

Bizansl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan \u0130\u00e7 Hayk olarak an\u0131lan di\u011fer k\u0131s\u0131m, B\u00fcy\u00fck Hayk\u2019\u0131n kuzeybat\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerini i\u00e7ine almaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130mparatorlu\u011fun bask\u0131lar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bu b\u00f6lgedeki Ermeniler, milli karakterlerini hayli iyi bir \u015fekilde korumu\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bizansl\u0131lar, \u0130\u00e7 Hayk\u2019\u0131n y\u00f6netim sistemini 387\u2019den sonra de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flar ve Ermeni y\u00f6neticilerin askeri ve y\u00f6netim \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcklerine s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmalar getirir.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6lge, Bizans g\u00f6revlisi taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmekte, fakat Ermeni y\u00f6neticiler b\u0131rak\u0131tsal haklar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ve ekonomik g\u00fc\u00e7lerini ellerinde tutmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcneybat\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinin y\u00f6neticileri olan satraplar, Bizans i\u00e7in endi\u015fe kayna\u011f\u0131yd\u0131. Satrapl\u0131kla y\u00f6netilen Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n be\u015f Ermeni y\u00f6neticileri, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck krallara benzemekteydi.<\/p>\n

Bu y\u00f6neticilerin egemenli\u011fi ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta b\u0131rak\u0131tsal olup, babadan o\u011fla ge\u00e7mekteydi, fakat satraplar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 V. y\u00fczy\u0131lda imparatora kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131lan ayaklanmaya kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda durum de\u011fi\u015fir. O zamandan itibaren satraplar, \u00f6lene kadar h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrmek \u015fart\u0131yla imparator taraf\u0131ndan tayin edilmeye ba\u015flan\u0131r. Satraplar, egemenliklerini miras yoluyla devretme hakk\u0131ndan mahrum olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00f6nemli bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olu\u015fturmaktayd\u0131. Ermenistan satrapl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Bizans ordular\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, bir d\u00fc\u015fman sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 an\u0131nda satraplar, kendi askeri birlikleriyle, kendi b\u00f6lgeleri d\u00e2hilinde imparatorlu\u011fun s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 korumakla m\u00fckellefti. B\u00f6ylelikle, askeri egemenliklerini korumu\u015f oluyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130mparatorlu\u011fun amac\u0131, Ermenilerin ya\u015fam \u015feklini Bizans \u00f6rne\u011fi \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirerek, milli \u00f6zelliklerini ortadan kald\u0131rmak niyetiyle, Bizans Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgelerinde standart bir d\u00fczen sa\u011flamakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Birbiri ard\u0131na yay\u0131nlanan imparator fermanlar\u0131yla Ermeni y\u00f6neticilerin haklar\u0131 giderek azalt\u0131l\u0131r, Bizans g\u00f6revlilerinin yetkileri ise geni\u015fletilir.<\/p>\n

Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019\u0131 ele ge\u00e7iren Bizans, vergileri \u00f6nemli oranda a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Bat\u0131 Ermenistan halk\u0131, h\u00e2s\u0131l olan bu durumdan hayli \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7iydi.<\/p>\n

\u0130mparator I. J\u00fcstinyen\u2019in reformlar\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0130mparator I. J\u00fcstinyen (527-565) Bizans taht\u0131na oturunca durum \u00e7ok daha a\u011f\u0131rla\u015f\u0131r. \u0130mparator, Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun eski b\u00f6lgelerini ve g\u00f6rkemini tekrar tesis etme amac\u0131ndayd\u0131. Binlerce Ermeni, J\u00fcstinyen\u2019in s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sava\u015flara kat\u0131lmaya mecburdu.<\/p>\n

Bat\u0131 Ermenistan, sava\u015flar sonucunda askeri kuvvetini yitirerek, gitgide zay\u0131flamaya ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n

Bizans, J\u00fcstinyen\u2019in y\u00f6netimi d\u00f6neminde Ermeni co\u011frafyas\u0131ndaki yerli, milli \u00f6zellikleri ortadan kald\u0131rma giri\u015fiminde bulunur.Bu niyetle, t\u00fcm Ermeni b\u00f6lgelerine standart y\u00f6netim \u015fekli uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130mparator, Ermenistan satrapl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile \u0130\u00e7 Hayk b\u00f6lgesindeki Ermeni y\u00f6neticilerin imtiyazl\u0131 durumunu tamamen ortadan kald\u0131rmaya kararl\u0131yd\u0131. Y\u00f6netiminin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda Do\u011fu askeri valili\u011fini kurarak, Ermeni y\u00f6neticilerin ordu bulundurma hakk\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bununla yetinmeyen imparator, her yerde Bizans kanunlar\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7erli k\u0131larak yeni y\u00f6netim birimleri olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

Bizans Ermenistan\u2019\u0131 b\u00f6lgesi d\u00f6rt k\u0131sma ayr\u0131larak Birinci, \u0130kinci, \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ve D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Hayk olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6lgeler, Ermenice isimlerine ra\u011fmen, basit Bizans \u201cprovincialar\u0131\u201d olup, Bizans g\u00f6revlileri taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmekteydi.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6ylelikle, Ermeni y\u00f6neticiler y\u00f6netim ve askeri n\u00fcfuzlar\u0131ndan yoksun kal\u0131r, fakat kendi ailevi m\u00fclklerinde h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrmeye devam eder.<\/p>\n

\u0130mparator, Ermeni y\u00f6neticilerin ekonomik g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc zay\u0131flatmak amac\u0131yla iki \u00f6nemli kanun yay\u0131nlar. Ermeni beylerin m\u00fclkleri o zamana kadar t\u00fcm evlatlar, \u00f6zellikle de k\u0131zlar aras\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131lmay\u0131p, bu \u015fekilde ailenin m\u00fclklerinin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc korunmu\u015f olmaktayd\u0131. \u0130mparator, bu eski Ermeni gelene\u011fini bozar ve \u00f6zel bir kanunla, kad\u0131nlara dahi aile m\u00fclk\u00fcnden pay elde etme hakk\u0131 verir. J\u00fcstinyen, \u201cEbeveynlerin miras\u0131na sadece erkeklerin hak sahibi olup, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n bundan mahrum edilmesi, hem Romal\u0131lara, hem de devletimizin adalet ruhuna ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r\u201d,- diye yapmac\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klamada bulunur.<\/p>\n

\u0130mparator, bir di\u011fer kanunla, evlendirilen k\u0131zlara ebeveynler taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7eyiz verilmesini mecbur ko\u015far. Ermeniler aras\u0131nda, \u00e7eyiz verme al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n o zamana kadar zaten var oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131, bu kanun ilk bak\u0131\u015fta manas\u0131z gibi g\u00f6z\u00fckmekteydi. Lakin J\u00fcstinyen\u2019in, Ermeni k\u0131zlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u201c\u015fefkati\u201d uza\u011fa giden ama\u00e7lar ta\u015f\u0131maktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ermeni k\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n, Bizansl\u0131 asillerle evlenmesi durumunda \u00e7eyiz olarak aile m\u00fclklerinden belli bir k\u0131sma sahip olmalar\u0131n\u0131 arzu etmekteydi. B\u00f6ylece, Ermeni y\u00f6neticilerin m\u00fclkleri zaman i\u00e7inde heba olacak ve Bizans\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7 zay\u0131flayacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

J\u00fcstinyen\u2019in reformlar\u0131, Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n i\u00e7 \u00f6zerkli\u011finin nihai silinmesi i\u00e7in \u015fartlar yaratmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019da Bizans kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 g\u00f6steriler<\/b><\/p>\n

Bizans\u2019\u0131n siyaseti, Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019da \u015fik\u00e2yet ve infial uyand\u0131r\u0131r. Ermeniler, J\u00fcstinyen d\u00f6neminde, nefret duyduklar\u0131 y\u00f6netim sistemine kar\u015f\u0131 bir\u00e7ok kere silaha ba\u015fvurur.<\/p>\n

En b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6steri 539 y\u0131l\u0131nda Birinci Hayk\u2019ta ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. Ermeniler, Hovhannes Ar\u015fakuni \u00f6nderli\u011finde kitlesel olarak isyan eder. Vergilerin g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fmas\u0131na tahamm\u00fcl etmeyen Ermeniler, milletini ink\u00e2r etmi\u015f ve komplolarla g\u00f6reve gelmi\u015f bir Ermeni olan Bizans y\u00f6neticisini \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

K\u0131sa s\u00fcrede, General Sittas y\u00f6netimindeki cezaland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 birlikler g\u00f6nderilir ba\u015fkentten.<\/p>\n

Sittas, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta asilere sahte vaatlerde bulunur, ard\u0131ndan da y\u00f6neticileri r\u00fc\u015fvetle kendi taraf\u0131na \u00e7ekmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. \u0130ki durumda da ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015famaz ve ayaklanmay\u0131 bast\u0131rma emri verir, fakat ayaklanm\u0131\u015f olan Ermeniler Sittas\u2019\u0131n ordusunu hezimete u\u011fratarak kovar.<\/p>\n

Sistas da bu arada \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bizansl\u0131lar yeni bir ordu g\u00f6ndererek, tekrar haince y\u00f6ntemlerle isyan\u0131 bast\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bizansl\u0131 general, ayaklanma \u00f6nderlerini g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r ve ziyafet esnas\u0131nda asilerin y\u00f6neticisi Hovhannes Ar\u015fakuni\u2019yi \u00f6ld\u00fcrt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Y\u00f6neticisini kaybeden isyan k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede s\u00f6ner.<\/p>\n

Ermeniler, J\u00fcstinyen\u2019den intikam almaya karar verir. Ar\u015fak Ar\u015fakuni ve \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen Hovhannes Ar\u015fakuni\u2019nin o\u011flu Artavan, 548 y\u0131l\u0131nda J\u00fcstinyen\u2019i \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek amac\u0131yla bir komplo d\u00fczenler.<\/p>\n

Lakin komplo ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fmaz ve d\u00fczenleyenler hapse at\u0131l\u0131r. Nihayetinde, imparator etkili Ermeni asilzadelerin yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 hesaba katmaya mecbur olur ve bir s\u00fcre sonra da komplocular\u0131 serbest b\u0131rak\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7eviren: Diran Lokmag\u00f6zyan<\/b><\/em><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.findarmenia.com\/arm\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

387 b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi sonras\u0131nda \u00fclkede durum Bizans ve Sasani \u0130ran, B\u00fcy\u00fck Hayk Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 aralar\u0131nda payla\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra, \u00e7e\u015fitli yollardan Ermeni beylerin haklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmaya ve \u00fclkede kendi resmi dinlerini yaymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. H\u0131ristiyan Bizans\u2019\u0131n, asimilasyon siyaseti uygularken, Sasani \u0130ran\u2019dan hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde geri kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 burada belirtmek gerekir. Bu siyaset, Konstantinopel (\u0130stanbul) yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bulunan Ka\u011fkedon (Kalketon, Kad\u0131k\u00f6y) \u015fehrinde 451 y\u0131l\u0131nda toplanan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[65,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21776","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ermenilerin-tarihi","category-haberler"],"yoast_head":"\n18. IV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Bat\u0131 Ermenistan - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=21776\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"18. IV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Bat\u0131 Ermenistan - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"387 b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi sonras\u0131nda \u00fclkede durum Bizans ve Sasani \u0130ran, B\u00fcy\u00fck Hayk Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 aralar\u0131nda payla\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra, \u00e7e\u015fitli yollardan Ermeni beylerin haklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmaya ve \u00fclkede kendi resmi dinlerini yaymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. H\u0131ristiyan Bizans\u2019\u0131n, asimilasyon siyaseti uygularken, Sasani \u0130ran\u2019dan hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde geri kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 burada belirtmek gerekir. 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