{"id":21439,"date":"2013-01-30T04:23:13","date_gmt":"2013-01-30T09:23:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=21439"},"modified":"2013-01-30T04:24:16","modified_gmt":"2013-01-30T09:24:16","slug":"1915ten-2007ye-ermeni-yetimleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=21439","title":{"rendered":"1915’ten 2007’ye Ermeni yetimleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"AY\u015eE<\/a>AY\u015eE H\u00dcR<\/b><\/p>\n

“T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bilmeyen \u00e7ocuklar Ermeni olduklar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n diye haftalarca konu\u015fmad\u0131. E\u011fer \u00e7avu\u015flar bunu duysayd\u0131 onlar\u0131 falakaya yat\u0131r\u0131r veya saatlerce g\u00fcne\u015fe bakmaya zorlard\u0131.”<\/p>\n

Sevgili Hrant Dink\u2019i sonsuzlu\u011fa u\u011furlayal\u0131 6 y\u0131l oldu. Ac\u0131, \u00f6fke, \u00f6zlem ve endi\u015feyle ge\u00e7en koskoca 6 y\u0131l… Hrant Dink, sadece sevgili bir e\u015f, iyi bir baba, sevecen bir dede, AGOS\u2019un her \u015feyi, sol e\u011filimli demokrat gazeteci, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir hatip ve yazar de\u011fildi. Milli G\u00fcvenlik Siyaset Belgeleri\u2019nde \u2018potansiyel i\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015fman\u2019 olarak tan\u0131mlanan, Yarg\u0131tay taraf\u0131ndan \u2018yabanc\u0131 vatanda\u015f\u2019 say\u0131lan, toplumun \u00e7e\u015fitli kesimleri taraf\u0131ndan \u2018i\u00e7imizdeki d\u00fc\u015fman\u2019 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen Ermeni cemaatinin a\u00e7\u0131k s\u00f6zl\u00fc, y\u00fcrekli, ak\u0131ll\u0131, duygulu, co\u015fkulu, yak\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 ve \u00fcnl\u00fc evlad\u0131yd\u0131. Nitekim \u00f6lmeden \u00f6nce kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 son yaz\u0131s\u0131nda \u201cHer seferinde \u2018T\u00fcrk d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131\u2019 olarak biraz daha me\u015fhur ediliyorum. Ne yaz\u0131k ki art\u0131k eskisinden daha fazla tan\u0131n\u0131yorum. \u2018A bak, bu o Ermeni de\u011fil mi?\u2019 diyen bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 daha \u00e7ok hissediyorum\u201d demi\u015fti.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Ama onu sadece \u2018hain Ermeni\u2019 olarak nitelemekle kalmam\u0131\u015f, devletin t\u00fcm ayg\u0131tlar\u0131yla toplumsal bilin\u00e7alt\u0131m\u0131za itinayla yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f di\u011fer paranoyalarla uyumlu olarak \u2018AB u\u015fa\u011f\u0131\u2019, \u2018misyoner \u00e7ocu\u011fu\u2019, \u2018Soros\u2019un \u00e7ocu\u011fu\u2019 gibi s\u0131fatlarla da damgalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Halbuki cans\u0131z bedeni kald\u0131r\u0131mda y\u00fcz\u00fckoyun uzanm\u0131\u015fken, ayakkab\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki o y\u00fcrek paralay\u0131c\u0131 delikle asl\u0131nda h\u00fcz\u00fcnl\u00fc bir \u2018yetimhane \u00e7ocu\u011fu\u2019 oldu\u011funu anlay\u0131vermi\u015ftik.<\/p>\n

Evet, Hrant, 8 ya\u015f\u0131nda girdi\u011fi Tuzla Yetimhanesi\u2019nde 20 y\u0131l ge\u00e7irmi\u015fti, \u2018hayat\u0131m\u0131n piyangosu\u2019 dedi\u011fi e\u015fi Rakel Han\u0131m\u2019\u0131 orada tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Orada evlenmi\u015f, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 orada do\u011fmu\u015ftu. Bu y\u00fczden devletin kirli elleri taraf\u0131ndan s\u00fcrekli taciz edildi\u011fi i\u00e7in son g\u00fcnlerini \u2018g\u00fcvercin tedirginli\u011finde ge\u00e7iren Hrant Dink\u2019i sayg\u0131 ve sevgiyle anarken, katledilmesini \u00f6rg\u00fctleyenlerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmamas\u0131na \u00f6fkemi hayk\u0131r\u0131rken, bu \u00fclkenin kara vicdanl\u0131 insanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ailelerinden kopar\u0131larak ac\u0131lara gark edilen on binlerce \u00f6ks\u00fcz ve yetimi de anmay\u0131 bir bor\u00e7 biliyorum.<\/p>\n

Halide Edip ve Ayn Tura<\/b><\/p>\n

Dahiliye Nezareti\u2019nin 26 May\u0131s 1915 tarihinde Sadrazaml\u0131k makam\u0131na g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi ve Ermeni meselesinin \u2018esasl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde sona erdirilmesi ve tamamen yok edilmesini\u2019 emreden telgraf\u0131yla resmen ba\u015flayan \u2018Ermeni Tehciri\u2019 (benim tabirimle \u2018Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019) s\u0131ras\u0131nda resmi tarih\u00e7i Kamuran G\u00fcr\u00fcn\u2019e g\u00f6re bile en az 300 bin Ermeni hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015fti ama \u00f6lenler bir anlamda \u2018kurtulmu\u015flard\u0131\u2019 \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc geride kalanlar\u0131, \u00f6zellikle de kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck ac\u0131lar bekliyordu.<\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin, 1916 yaz\u0131nda Cemal Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n iste\u011fi \u00fczerine Suriye ve L\u00fcbnan\u2019a giden edebiyat\u00e7\u0131 ve siyaset\u00e7i Halide Edip (Ad\u0131var) Han\u0131m, bin kadar Ermeni yetiminin kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ayn Tura Yetimhanesi\u2019nde g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini, \u0130stanbul\u2019da kurulan yeni kabinede Maliye Naz\u0131r\u0131 olan dostu Cavid Bey\u2019e mektupla \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131yordu:\u201c\u2026\u00c7\u00f6llerde ot yiyerek kar\u0131nlar\u0131 \u015fi\u015ftikten sonra kimi anas\u0131n\u0131, kimi babas\u0131n\u0131, bir\u00e7oklar\u0131 da \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 kaybettikten sonra buraya d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fler. Daha do\u011frusu, Cemal Pa\u015fa getirtmi\u015f (\u2026) D\u0131\u015far\u0131da anas\u0131 a\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6len, babas\u0131 yan\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen, on iki ya\u015f\u0131nda bir Ermeni k\u0131z\u0131 geldi, iltica etti. Mahzun, b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6zleriyle etraf\u0131mda dola\u015f\u0131yor, l\u00fczumlu l\u00fczumsuz elimi \u00f6p\u00fcp a\u011fl\u0131yor. Bah\u00e7ede bir facia daha var. O\u011flunu yan\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcrlerken birdenbire dilini kaybeden bir bedbaht, \u00f6teki o\u011flunu ve ailesini nereye att\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 bilmiyor. Ayaklar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131plak, g\u00f6zleri elem i\u00e7inde, m\u00fctemadiyen i\u015faretle felaketini hayk\u0131r\u0131yor. Bazen geceleri \u00e7ocu\u011fu \u00f6len bir kad\u0131n gibi, ba\u015f\u0131 elleri i\u00e7inde d\u00f6\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcyor, d\u00f6\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcyor… G\u00fcnd\u00fczleri yaz\u0131m\u0131 yazarken bazen h\u0131\u00e7k\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fitiyorum. Pencereye ko\u015fuyorum, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da bah\u00e7ede ellerini sall\u0131yor, o\u011flunun kalbinden kur\u015fun ge\u00e7erken \u00e7\u0131kan sesi g\u00f6klere uluyor, s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Bunlardan binlerce, y\u00fczlerce var. Yetimhaneler hayatta bir \u015feyin telafi edemeyece\u011fi \u015feyi kaybetmi\u015f yar\u0131 a\u00e7 bedbaht \u00e7ocuklarla dolu\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

535 \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn hik\u00e2yesi<\/b><\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7ocuklardan biri olan 1904 F\u0131nd\u0131cak do\u011fumlu Harutyun Alboyac\u0131yan y\u0131llar sonra Ermeni etnolog Vergine Svazlian\u2019a \u015f\u00f6yle anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 Ayn Tura\u2019da g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc muameleyi: \u201cAna-babam\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fckten sonra, beni ve benim gibi ergin olmayan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 toplay\u0131p Cemal Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcrk yetimler yurduna g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Benim soyad\u0131m 535\u2019ti; ad\u0131m ise \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc\u2019yd\u00fc. Ermeni arkada\u015f\u0131m da Enver ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. Bizi s\u00fcnnet ettiler. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bilmeyen bir s\u00fcr\u00fc \u00e7ocuk vard\u0131; onlar Ermeni olduklar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n diye haftalarca konu\u015fmad\u0131lar. E\u011fer \u00e7avu\u015flar bunu duysalard\u0131 onlar\u0131 falakaya yat\u0131r\u0131r, tabanlar\u0131na 20-30-50 darbe vurur veya saatlerce g\u00fcne\u015fe bakmaya zorlarlard\u0131. Bize dua ettiriyorlard\u0131; \u2018Padi\u015fah\u0131m \u00e7ok ya\u015fa!\u2019 c\u00fcmlesini \u00fc\u00e7 kere tekrarlamam\u0131z gerekiyordu. Bize T\u00fcrk giysileri giydiriyorlard\u0131: beyaz entari, onun \u00fcst\u00fcne de siyah c\u00fcppe. Bir m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz, birka\u00e7 bayan hocam\u0131z vard\u0131. Cemal Pa\u015fa bize iyi bak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 emretmi\u015fti; zira o Ermenilerin akl\u0131n\u0131 ve yeteneklerini \u00e7ok takdir ediyor ve sava\u015f\u0131 kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, binlerce T\u00fcrkle\u015fmi\u015f Ermeni \u00e7ocu\u011fun gelecekte kendi halk\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcceltece\u011fine, bizim gelecekte kendisine destek olaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131za inan\u0131yordu…\u201d<\/p>\n

Talat Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n defteri<\/b><\/p>\n

Halide Han\u0131m ve Cemal Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n Suriye ve L\u00fcbnan\u2019daki g\u00f6revleri 1917\u2019de bitti ama Ermeni yetimlerinin \u00e7ilesi bitmedi. Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n mimar\u0131 Tal\u00e2t Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n kara kapl\u0131 defterinde Ermeni yetimlerinin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 10 bin 269 oldu\u011fu; bunlar\u0131n 6.768\u2019inin yetimhanelere, 3.501\u2019inin ise M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ailelere da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131. Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Ar\u015fivi ise k\u0131z ve erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ailelerinden al\u0131nmalar\u0131, Ermenilerin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman k\u00f6ylerine da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmalar\u0131 ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarla evlendirilmeleri veya yetimhanelere konulmalar\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikle M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00e2detlerine g\u00f6re yeti\u015ftirilmeleri konusunda onlarca belge ile dolu.<\/p>\n

Sava\u015f\u0131n son y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u0130stanbul\u2019daki mevcut yetimhaneler yetmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in devlet, Elmada\u011f\u2019daki Notre Dame de Sion, Yedikule\u2019deki \u0130talyan Mektebi, Galata\u2019daki Rus Manast\u0131r\u0131, Kad\u0131k\u00f6y\u2019deki Saint Joseph Mektebi gibi yabanc\u0131lara ait binalara el koyarak yetimhaneye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Ancak \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar, i\u015fletme i\u015fini y\u00fczlerine g\u00f6zlerine bula\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131lar ve yetimhaneler k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede yolsuzluk ve yoksunluk yuvalar\u0131 haline geldi.<\/p>\n

Daha k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck ya\u015flar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck trajedilerin kahraman\u0131 olmu\u015f olan bu yavrucaklar bir de bo\u011faz toklu\u011funa sanayi ve tar\u0131m i\u015fletmelerinde i\u015f\u00e7i, evlerde hizmet\u00e7i olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131lar. \u00d6yle ki, Enver Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck\u00e7ekmece\u2019deki \u00e7iftli\u011fine bile 50 kadar Ermeni yetimi yollanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Eski Diyarbak\u0131r Valisi Dr. Re\u015fit Bey\u2019in, Enver Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n amcas\u0131 Halil (Kut) Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n evlerinde de k\u0131z ve erkek Ermeni yetimleri vard\u0131. Yabanc\u0131 misyonlar\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fc \u00f6n\u00fcnde oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in tehcirden kurtulan \u0130stanbul\u2019daki Ermeni cemaati bu uygulamalar\u0131 k\u0131yas\u0131ya ele\u015ftiriyor, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n \u2018dev\u015firme\u2019 sistemi ile T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme politikalar\u0131na devam etti\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n

M\u00fctareke sonras\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

30 Ekim 1918 tarihinde imzalanan Mondros M\u00fctarekesi\u2019nden iki g\u00fcn sonra Enver, Tal\u00e2t ve Cemal pa\u015falar\u0131n yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na ka\u00e7mas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u0130stanbul\u2019un y\u00f6netimini ele alan \u0130tilaf Devletleri\u2019nin ilk i\u015flerinden biri yetimler konusu olacakt\u0131. \u00d6zellikle Amerikal\u0131 g\u00f6revliler, harp dolay\u0131s\u0131yla erkeksiz kalan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kad\u0131nlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fam\u0131na al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla 1916\u2019da Harbiye Naz\u0131r\u0131 Enver Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n idaresinde kurulan Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma Cemiyet-i Hayriyesi taraf\u0131ndan \u00fclkenin d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131na ucuz emek g\u00fcc\u00fc veya hizmet\u00e7i olarak da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulunan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n listelerini incelemeye ald\u0131 ve \u2018M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u2019 olarak etiketlenerek M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-T\u00fcrk ailelerine da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 tespit etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130mparatorlu\u011fun d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndan \u0130stanbul\u2019a kimsesiz \u00e7ocuk akarken, hem T\u00fcrk-M\u00fcsl\u00fcman taraf\u0131, hem Ermeni taraf\u0131 bu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n kendilerine ait oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcyordu. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n konu\u015ftuklar\u0131 dil veya isimleri a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildi \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015flarda ailelerinden ayr\u0131lmak zorunda kalan \u00e7ocuklar anadillerini unutmu\u015f oluyorlar, isimleri de zaten kimliklerini gizlemek i\u00e7in ba\u015fkalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan konmu\u015f oluyordu. Baz\u0131 \u00e7ocuklar ise k\u00f6kenlerini bildikleri halde, ge\u00e7mi\u015f tecr\u00fcbelerden dolay\u0131, tedbir olarak sessiz kalmay\u0131 tercih ediyorlard\u0131. Ya\u015f\u0131 biraz b\u00fcy\u00fck olan erkeklerin s\u00fcnnetli olup olmad\u0131klar\u0131ndan kalkarak te\u015fhis yapmak bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fc ama k\u0131zlarda ve ya\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olanlarda bu y\u00f6ntem i\u015fe yaram\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck ya\u015flar\u0131nda kim bilir ne ac\u0131 tecr\u00fcbeler ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan bu yavrucaklar i\u00e7in, T\u00fcrk\/M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ya da Ermeni\/H\u0131ristiyan olarak yeti\u015fmekten \u00e7ok, d\u00fczenli, g\u00fcvenli ve s\u0131cak bir yuvada b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin daha \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ama kimse onlara ne istediklerini sormad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, son derece y\u00fczeysel usullerle yap\u0131lan tasnifler sonucu, d\u00fczeltilmek istenen kaderler daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcye gidiyordu.<\/p>\n

Bitarafhane’nin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

Taraflar\u0131n birbirini, kendi toplumlar\u0131ndan olan yetimleri \u2018\u00e7almakla\u2019, \u2018ka\u00e7\u0131rmakla\u2019, \u2018asimile etmekle\u2019 su\u00e7lamalar\u0131n\u0131n zirveye \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 1919 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Nisan ay\u0131nda, \u0130tilaf Devletleri \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlere da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kimsesiz \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n, bulunduklar\u0131 yerlerden al\u0131narak \u0130stanbul\u2019da \u0130ngiliz i\u015fgal kuvvetlerinin g\u00f6zetimi alt\u0131nda olu\u015fturulacak tarafs\u0131z bir merkezde toplanmas\u0131n\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Edirne, Bursa, Konya ve K\u0131rklareli\u2019nde birer yetimhane b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131p di\u011ferlerindeki \u00e7ocuklar \u0130stanbul\u2019a nakledilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. Bu \u00e7ocuklardan T\u00fcrk olanlar Osmanl\u0131 Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019ne, Ermeni olanlar ise Ermeni Patrikhanesi\u2019ne teslim edileceklerdi. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ma kadar kalmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Ni\u015fanta\u015f\u0131\u2019nda bir ev kiraland\u0131 ve ba\u015f\u0131na Amerikal\u0131, T\u00fcrk ve Ermeni k\u00f6kenli \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015filik bir heyet atand\u0131. Halk aras\u0131nda \u2018Bitarafhane\u2019 (Tarafs\u0131z Yuva) ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan bu evde ayr\u0131ca, biri M\u00fcsl\u00fcman biri Ermeni olmak \u00fczere iki a\u015f\u00e7\u0131 ile bir Ermeni hizmet\u00e7i ve bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kap\u0131c\u0131 g\u00f6rev yap\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

May\u0131s ay\u0131 geldi\u011finde, \u0130tilaf Kuvvetleri\u2019nin polis te\u015fkilat\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 toplay\u0131p \u0130stanbul\u2019a getirmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak \u015fik\u00e2yetler ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n taraflar aras\u0131nda \u00e7eki\u015ftirilmeleri bitmedi.<\/p>\n

\u015eik\u00e2yetlerin biraz nebze de olsun azald\u0131\u011f\u01311920 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Nisan ay\u0131ndan 1921 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Ekim ay\u0131na kadar \u0130stanbul\u2019da saha ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 yapan Amerikan Pathfinder \u015firketinin raporuna g\u00f6re bu d\u00f6nemde \u0130stanbul\u2019daki yetimhanelerde 3.827 Ermeni, 2.798 T\u00fcrk, 1548 Rum, 279 Yahudi, 280 Rus yetimi vard\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca Katolik Kilisesi\u2019nin yetimhanesinde \u00e7o\u011fu Ermeni olmak \u00fczere 171 yetim vard\u0131. \u00dclkenin di\u011fer merkezlerinde ne kadar yetim oldu\u011funa dair sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bilgi ise yoktu.
\n1920 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren yabanc\u0131 yard\u0131m kurulu\u015flar\u0131, Ermeni yetimlerini \u00fclke d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131maya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. \u0130lk olarak 3 bin yetim K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019a g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Ancak bu \u00e7ocuklar 1921\u2019de tekrar \u0130stanbul\u2019a getirildiler. 1921-1922\u2019de Mara\u015f, Urfa, Antep, Malatya ve Harput\u2019tan 12 bini a\u015fk\u0131n \u00e7ocuk Suriye\u2019ye ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131. Kas\u0131m-Aral\u0131k 1922\u2019de 15.600 kadar \u00e7ocuk Yunanistan\u2019a g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Bu \u00e7ocuklar daha sonra ba\u015fka \u00fclkelere ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki ar\u015fivler tamamen a\u00e7\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in geride ne kadar Ermeni yetiminin kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmiyoruz. Ancak 1921 y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda Ermeni Patrikhanesi taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan bir listeye g\u00f6re ise \u00fclkenin d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131nda \u201ckurtar\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f\u201d 63 bin Ermeni yetimi vard\u0131. Bu say\u0131dan yabanc\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131n yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rsak en az 30 bin Ermeni yetiminin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahmin edebiliriz. Bu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n Cumhuriyet tarihi boyunca neler ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 konusunda bir fikir sahibi olmak istiyorsan\u0131z, Fethiye \u00c7etin\u2019in ‘Anneannem’ (Metis, 2003), \u0130rfan Palal\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ‘Tehcir \u00c7ocuklar\u0131: Nenem Bir Ermeniymi\u015f’ (Su Yay\u0131nevi,2005) adl\u0131 eserlerini okuyabilirsiniz, elbette y\u00fcre\u011finiz dayan\u0131rsa\u2026<\/p>\n

Kaz\u0131m Karabekir\u2019in G\u00fcrb\u00fczler Ordusu <\/b><\/p>\n

Nitekim Milli M\u00fccadele s\u0131ras\u0131nda Do\u011fu Cephesi komutan\u0131 olan K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir, g\u00f6rev b\u00f6lgesinde 50 bine kadar himayeye muhta\u00e7 \u00e7ocuk oldu\u011funu rapor etmi\u015fti. Pa\u015fa, Erzurum civar\u0131nda yetim kalan 2 bini k\u0131z, 4 bini erkek olmak \u00fczere 6 bin \u00e7ocu\u011fu (sokaklardan ya da bakamayacak durumda olan akrabalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131ndan toplatm\u0131\u015f o\u011flanlar\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131yla, \u2018G\u00fcrb\u00fczler Ordusu\u2019 (ya da Erzurum \u00c7ocuklar Ordusu) kurmu\u015ftu. Bu \u00e7ocuklara kayak dersi de dahil olmak \u00fczere askeri e\u011fitim verilmi\u015f, bir k\u0131sm\u0131na Erzurum\u2019daki Yakutiye K\u0131\u015flas\u0131\u2019nda kurulan Sanayi G\u00fcrb\u00fczler Mektebi\u2019nde zanaat \u00f6\u011fretilmi\u015f, orduya kaput, potin diktirilmi\u015fti. Ama Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n en \u00e7ok \u00f6\u011f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc husus, bu \u00e7ocuklara T\u00fcrkl\u00fck bilinci verilmesiydi.<\/p>\n

Karabekir\u2019in koruma alt\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimsesiz erkek \u00e7ocuklar aras\u0131nda, Ermeni yetimler de bulunuyordu. Bu \u00e7ocuklardan kabiliyetli olanlar, Karabekir taraf\u0131ndan, sanki T\u00fcrk ailelerin yetimleri gibi g\u00f6sterilerek Bursa\u2019da yeni a\u00e7\u0131lan I\u015f\u0131klar Asker\u0130 Lisesi\u2019ne (Bursa Askeri \u0130dadisi) ve Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f Askeri \u0130dadisi\u2019ne g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f, bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ise meslek erbab\u0131 olarak hayata kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zet Kaynak\u00e7a:<\/i><\/b> Yavuz Selim Karak\u0131\u015fla, \u201cSava\u015f Yetimleri ve Kimsesiz \u00c7ocuklar: Ermeni mi, T\u00fcrk m\u00fc?\u201d, Toplumsal Tarih, S. 69, Eyl\u00fcl 1999, s.46-49; \u0130brahim Ethem Atnur, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Ermeni Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 ve \u00c7ocuklar\u0131 Meselesi (1915-1923), Babil Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, 2005; Kaz\u0131m Karabekir, \u00c7ocuk Davam\u0131z, 2 Cilt, Emre Yay\u0131nlar\u0131,1995. <\/i><\/p>\n

Not:<\/i><\/b> Ge\u00e7en haftaki yaz\u0131m\u0131 yazarken yararland\u0131\u011f\u0131m Metin \u00c7\u0131nar\u2019\u0131n Anadoluculuk ve Tek Parti CHP’de Sa\u011f Kanat (\u0130leti\u015fim, 2013) adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n\u0131 kaynak\u00e7ada belirtmeyi unutmu\u015fum. Yazardan ve sizlerden \u00f6z\u00fcr dilerim.<\/i><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.radikal.com.tr\/Radikal.aspx?aType=RadikalYazar&ArticleID=1117692&CategoryID=97<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

AY\u015eE H\u00dcR “T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bilmeyen \u00e7ocuklar Ermeni olduklar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n diye haftalarca konu\u015fmad\u0131. E\u011fer \u00e7avu\u015flar bunu duysayd\u0131 onlar\u0131 falakaya yat\u0131r\u0131r veya saatlerce g\u00fcne\u015fe bakmaya zorlard\u0131.” Sevgili Hrant Dink\u2019i sonsuzlu\u011fa u\u011furlayal\u0131 6 y\u0131l oldu. Ac\u0131, \u00f6fke, \u00f6zlem ve endi\u015feyle ge\u00e7en koskoca 6 y\u0131l… Hrant Dink, sadece sevgili bir e\u015f, iyi bir baba, sevecen bir dede, AGOS\u2019un her \u015feyi, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44,1,70],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21439","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ermeni-soykirimi","category-haberler","category-makaleler"],"yoast_head":"\n1915'ten 2007'ye Ermeni yetimleri - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=21439\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"1915'ten 2007'ye Ermeni yetimleri - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"AY\u015eE H\u00dcR “T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bilmeyen \u00e7ocuklar Ermeni olduklar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n diye haftalarca konu\u015fmad\u0131. 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