{"id":19848,"date":"2012-11-08T02:34:22","date_gmt":"2012-11-08T07:34:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=19848"},"modified":"2012-11-08T02:34:22","modified_gmt":"2012-11-08T07:34:22","slug":"felaket-oncesinde-ermeniler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=19848","title":{"rendered":"Felaket \u00f6ncesinde Ermeniler"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0\"\"<\/a><\/strong>SERDAR<\/strong> <\/strong>AKSOY<\/strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n

Raymond K\u00e9vorkian ve Paul Paboudjian\u2019\u0131n haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201c1915 \u00d6ncesinde Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda Ermeniler\u201d kitab\u0131 6 kas\u0131mda yay\u0131mlan\u0131yor. Tarih\u00e7i K\u00e9vorkian bu kapsaml\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 Taraf\u2019a anlatt\u0131.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kapsaml\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarla tan\u0131nan Fransal\u0131 tarih\u00e7i Prof. Raymond K\u00e9vorkian ile Paul Paboudjian\u2019\u0131n ortak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 1915 \u00d6ncesinde Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda Ermeniler 6 kas\u0131mda yay\u0131mlan\u0131yor. 20 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Fransa\u2019da bas\u0131lan ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ilk kez baz\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri Agos gazetesinin ilk say\u0131lar\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan kitap, 1915 \u00f6ncesinde Ermenilerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 2 bin 900\u2019den fazla yerle\u015fim biriminin vilayet, sancak, kaza ve k\u00f6y baz\u0131nda d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc sunuyor. \u0130ki b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fan kitab\u0131n \u201cTarih ve Toplumsal Yap\u0131\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan ilk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, 19\u2019uncu y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan soyk\u0131r\u0131ma uzanan s\u00fcre\u00e7te Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131na mercek tutuyor. \u201c\u0130nsanlar ve Ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 Topraklar\u201d adl\u0131 ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ise Ermenilerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerler, kiliseleri, manast\u0131rlar\u0131 ve okullar\u0131 t\u00fcm ayr\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131yla verilirken, s\u00f6zkonusu yerle\u015fim yerlerinin Roma D\u00f6nemi\u2019ne uzanan tarihsel arka planlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda da bilgi sahibi oluyoruz. Kitab\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bask\u0131s\u0131na ulus-devlete ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcrecinde ve sonras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015ftirilen Ermenice- Rumca- K\u00fcrt\u00e7e vb. yer adlar\u0131n\u0131n yeni isimlerinin de eklendi\u011fini hat\u0131rlatmakta fayda var. Tam olarak 927 adet g\u00f6rselle zenginle\u015ftirilen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, Anadolu co\u011frafyas\u0131ndan bug\u00fcn neredeyse tamamiyle silinmi\u015f bir halk\u0131, adeta ait oldu\u011fu yere geri getiriyor. Aras Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k\u2019\u0131n uzun y\u0131llar i\u00e7erisinde kotard\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu kapsaml\u0131 kitab\u0131, Hrant Dink Vakf\u0131\u2019n\u0131n d\u00fczenledi\u011fi \u201cMardin ve \u00c7evresi Toplumsal ve Ekonomik Tarihi Konferans\u0131\u201d i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bulunan Raymond K\u00e9vorkian\u2019dan dinledik…<\/p>\n

1915 \u00d6ncesinde Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda Ermeniler \u2019in baz\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri ilk olarak Agos \u2019ta yay\u0131mlan\u0131yor, de\u011fil mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Evet, ama bizim Hrant\u2019la bir ba\u011flant\u0131m\u0131z yoktu. Asl\u0131nda Agos\u2019tan da haberim yoktu. 1997\u2019de tefrika edildikten iki y\u0131l sonra \u00f6\u011frendim. Fakat \u00f6\u011frendikten sonra da \u00e7ekince ya da rahats\u0131zl\u0131k hissetmedim hi\u00e7. Hatta \u00e7ok sevindi\u011fimi bile s\u00f6yleyebilirim. Y\u0131llar sonra da Hrant\u2019la tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. 2004\u2019te bana kitab\u0131 yay\u0131mlamak istedi\u011fini de s\u00f6yledi. \u015eu an Aras Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k\u2019\u0131n kotard\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015f, asl\u0131nda Hrant\u2019\u0131n te\u015fvikiyle ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Raymond K\u00e9vorkian ve Paul Paboudjian b\u00f6ylesine kapsaml\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya giri\u015fmeden \u00f6nce kafalar\u0131nda ne vard\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce Anadolu\u2019da Ermenilerin ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 yerlere dair elimde Patrikhane kay\u0131tlar\u0131 vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ermenilerin ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 yerleri ve hatta daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6y k\u00f6y, kasaba kasaba, sancak sancak g\u00f6steren bu kay\u0131tlardan yararland\u0131m. Kitapla, Anadolu Ermenilerinin 1915 \u00f6ncesi hayat\u0131na dair genel bir panorama sunmay\u0131 hedefledik.<\/p>\n

Foto\u011fraflarla, bug\u00fcn \u00e7oktan yok olmu\u015f bir d\u00f6nemin imaj\u0131 canlan\u0131yor kafam\u0131zda…<\/p>\n

G\u00f6rsellerle zenginle\u015ftirdik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc tarihsel belgeler olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor foto\u011fraflar. Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019ndan sonra Amerika\u2019ya, Avrupa\u2019ya yerle\u015fen Ermenilerin, kendi k\u00f6ylerini, eski hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 ya da atalar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlama \u00e7abas\u0131yla yazd\u0131klar\u0131 tan\u0131kl\u0131klar vard\u0131r. Benim bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya giri\u015fmemdeki bir di\u011fer ama\u00e7 da o eski d\u00fcnyay\u0131 hat\u0131rlama \u00e7abas\u0131yla yaz\u0131lanlara ufak bir katk\u0131 yapmakt\u0131. Kitap biraz benim ki\u015fisel ge\u00e7mi\u015fimle de ilintili olarak, o insanlar\u0131n, ya\u015fanan o hayatlara biraz dokunup, o g\u00fcnleri kafalar\u0131nda canland\u0131rabilmelerini istiyordum.<\/p>\n

Kitab\u0131n Fransa\u2019da yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinden 20 y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti. Bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde nas\u0131l geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fler ald\u0131n\u0131z m\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ben y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde kitab\u0131 okuyan, kitab\u0131 hisseden bir\u00e7ok insanla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131m. \u00c7ok zaman onlar\u0131n yan yana oturup; anneanne, baba, \u00e7ocuk, torun kitaba bakt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve kendi k\u00f6ylerinden bir foto\u011fraf g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerinde ailenin b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u201c\u0130\u015fte bak, benim k\u00f6y\u00fcm burada. Ger\u00e7ekten de vard\u0131. Bir zamanlar biz de oradayd\u0131k\u201d dedi\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fcm.<\/p>\n

Paboudjian\u2019la nas\u0131l bir i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc yapt\u0131n\u0131z?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Burada belirgin bir ayr\u0131m var. Ben i\u015fin tarihsel k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 hallettim, metinlerin hepsini ben kaleme ald\u0131m. Kitaptaki 900\u2019\u00fc a\u015fk\u0131n g\u00f6rselin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Paboudjian\u2019\u0131n kendi koleksiyonuna ait. O, kitaba g\u00f6rsellerle katk\u0131da bulundu.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fa gelirsek, kitab\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturan Patrikhane kay\u0131tlar\u0131na. Kitapta, \u015eubat 1913 ile A\u011fustos 1914 aras\u0131ndaki n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 kay\u0131tlar\u0131ndan faydaland\u0131n\u0131z. Peki, soyk\u0131r\u0131mdan sonra kay\u0131tlar bug\u00fcne nas\u0131l ula\u015ft\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

1922 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Kemalistler \u0130stanbul\u2019a girmeden \u00f6nce d\u00f6nemin \u0130stanbul Patri\u011fi 22 sand\u0131kla bu istatistikleri Manchester\u2019a yollad\u0131. Sadece bunlar de\u011fil, Manchester\u2019a giden sand\u0131klarda ba\u015fka \u015feyler de vard\u0131. Fakat bahsetti\u011finiz, benim baz ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m n\u00fcfus kay\u0131tlar\u0131 da oraya yollanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Neden Manchester\u2019a g\u00f6nderiyor?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde Fransa\u2019da bile fazla Ermeni yoktu. Manchester\u2019da ise bir Ermeni varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edilebilirdi. O y\u00fczden, Patrik sand\u0131klar\u0131 Manchester\u2019a yolluyor. Buradaki sand\u0131klar, rahip Krikoris Balakian taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kendisi ba\u015fpiskopos olarak atand\u0131\u011f\u0131 Marsilya\u2019ya 1927\u2019de g\u00f6\u00e7 etti. Sand\u0131klardaki belgeleri de beraberinde g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc. Orada bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 Kud\u00fcs\u2019teki Patrikhane\u2019ye yollad\u0131, bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 da benim bug\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011fum, 1928\u2019de kurulan Paris Nubaryan K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi\u2019ne teslim etti.<\/p>\n

Kitaptaki foto\u011fraflara gelirsek. Bine yak\u0131n foto\u011fraf var. Muhtemeldir ki binlerce foto\u011fraf aras\u0131ndan se\u00e7ildiler. Nas\u0131l ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131 bunlara?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n geli\u015fmesinde Ermenilerin rol\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fc. Bu sadece Abdullah Biladerler\u2019den ibaret de de\u011fildi. Ta\u015frada da bir\u00e7ok Ermeni foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131 vard\u0131. Kitaptaki foto\u011fraflar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 kartpostal. Al\u0131p sat\u0131lan, hediye olarak yollanan ticar\u00ee g\u00f6rsellerdi bug\u00fcne kalan. Bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da \u00f6zel aile ar\u015fivlerinden. Kimilerini tan\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar yoluyla, kimilerini paras\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6deyerek al\u0131p ar\u015fivimize katt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z foto\u011fraflard\u0131.<\/p>\n

1915\u2019i anlamak i\u00e7in daha geriye gitmek gerekiyor elbette. O y\u0131llarda Ermeniler ne istiyor, Osmanl\u0131 nas\u0131l bir pozisyon al\u0131yordu?<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

1895\u2019teki reform hareketi, kitapta da anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z, bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131l Sasun\u2019da ya\u015fanan katliamla ilgili bir \u015feydi. Orada b\u00fcy\u00fck bir katliam ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ondan sonra, \u0130ngiliz, Frans\u0131z, Alman ve Ruslar\u0131n bast\u0131rmas\u0131yla Abd\u00fclhamid 1895 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019\u00fcnde reform taleplerini onaylad\u0131. Eyl\u00fcl 1895\u2019te imzay\u0131 att\u0131ktan bir hafta sonra da katliamlara ba\u015flad\u0131. Asl\u0131nda bu bir meydan okumayd\u0131. \u201cReformlar\u0131 imzalad\u0131m, bir hafta sonra da katliamlara ba\u015flad\u0131m\u201d diyordu yani.<\/p>\n

Ermenilerin talepleri neydi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kitab\u0131n birinci k\u0131sm\u0131nda 19\u2019ncu y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan bu sanc\u0131l\u0131 s\u00fcreci irdeliyorum. Genel olarak Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nu kapsayan bir reform talebi de\u011fildi bu. Ermenilerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131 vilayeti i\u00e7eriyordu. Bu talepler aras\u0131nda ne vard\u0131? Yerel bazda y\u00f6netime daha fazla kat\u0131lma iste\u011fi vard\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc o g\u00fcne kadar atanm\u0131\u015f y\u00f6neticiler aras\u0131nda hi\u00e7 Ermeni olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Ermenilerin bu reform taleplerinden biri mesela, oradaki jandarma kuvvetlerinde kendilerinin de yer almas\u0131yd\u0131. Asl\u0131nda bu reform taleplerinin ger\u00e7ek vatanda\u015f olma yolunda at\u0131lan ad\u0131mlar oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Ermeniler biraz s\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131 ikinci s\u0131n\u0131f vatanda\u015f muamelesi g\u00f6rmekten. O y\u0131llardaki reform talepleri s\u00f6zkonusu vilayetlerin g\u00fcvenlik sorununu \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7indi bir bak\u0131ma.<\/p>\n

Peki, 1909\u2019daki Adana Katliam\u0131\u2019n\u0131 1915\u2019in bir provas\u0131 olarak okumak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fc?<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ben ba\u015fka bir kitab\u0131mda bu konuyu masaya yat\u0131r\u0131yorum. Zaten iki olayda da benzerlikler buluyoruz. Ancak ben bu konuda son s\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc s\u00f6ylemedim. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, \u015fimdiye kadar inceleme f\u0131rsat\u0131 buldu\u011fumuz belgelerden, olaylardan \u201cTamamen Adana K\u0131r\u0131m\u0131, 1915\u2019in provas\u0131d\u0131r\u201d diyebilece\u011fimiz bir \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ma varam\u0131yoruz. Kilikya meselesinde alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmemiz gereken nokta, katliamlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr ve Ermenilerin ilk defa bu katliamlar sonras\u0131nda su\u00e7lular\u0131n cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmeleridir. Bu katliamdan sonra ilk kez gayrim\u00fcslim bir topluluk, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman su\u00e7lular\u0131n bulunup cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep edebilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

O katliamlar olmasayd\u0131…<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bir tarih\u00e7iye sorulacak soru de\u011fil, ama yine de soraca\u011f\u0131m. T\u00fcm bu katliamlar ya\u015fanmasayd\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin manzaras\u0131 bug\u00fcn nas\u0131l olurdu?<\/strong><\/p>\n

J\u00f6n T\u00fcrklerin 1908-1909 y\u0131llar\u0131na kadar olan politikalar\u0131nda ortak bir devlet kurma, Ermenilerin temsilinin daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu bir devlet kurma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131. Tabii, belli ticaret kanallar\u0131 Ermenilerin elindeydi. Belli bir ekonomik temeli vard\u0131 Ermenilerin. Bu yok edildi 1915\u2019te. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ekonomik geli\u015fmi\u015fli\u011fi 1950\u2019lere dayan\u0131yor. E\u011fer 1915\u2019te Ermeniler bu topraklardan silinmeseydi, o ekonomik geli\u015fmi\u015flik kesintiye u\u011framadan devam edecekti. Ben \u015funu rahatl\u0131kla s\u00f6yleyebilirim ki T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bu d\u00f6nemdeki hali, herhangi bir Avrupa \u00fclkesinin seviyesinde, hatta yukar\u0131s\u0131nda olurdu.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.taraf.com.tr\/haber\/felaket-oncesinde-ermeniler.htm<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0SERDAR AKSOY Raymond K\u00e9vorkian ve Paul Paboudjian\u2019\u0131n haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201c1915 \u00d6ncesinde Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda Ermeniler\u201d kitab\u0131 6 kas\u0131mda yay\u0131mlan\u0131yor. Tarih\u00e7i K\u00e9vorkian bu kapsaml\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 Taraf\u2019a anlatt\u0131. Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kapsaml\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarla tan\u0131nan Fransal\u0131 tarih\u00e7i Prof. Raymond K\u00e9vorkian ile Paul Paboudjian\u2019\u0131n ortak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 1915 \u00d6ncesinde Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda Ermeniler 6 kas\u0131mda yay\u0131mlan\u0131yor. 20 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Fransa\u2019da bas\u0131lan ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,54,71],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19848","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-haberler","category-kitaplar-elestiriler","category-mulakatlar"],"yoast_head":"\nFelaket \u00f6ncesinde Ermeniler - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=19848\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Felaket \u00f6ncesinde Ermeniler - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00a0SERDAR AKSOY Raymond K\u00e9vorkian ve Paul Paboudjian\u2019\u0131n haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201c1915 \u00d6ncesinde Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda Ermeniler\u201d kitab\u0131 6 kas\u0131mda yay\u0131mlan\u0131yor. Tarih\u00e7i K\u00e9vorkian bu kapsaml\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 Taraf\u2019a anlatt\u0131. 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