{"id":19016,"date":"2012-10-11T04:37:29","date_gmt":"2012-10-11T09:37:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=19016"},"modified":"2012-10-12T04:28:10","modified_gmt":"2012-10-12T09:28:10","slug":"van-ararat-kralligi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=19016","title":{"rendered":"4. Van (Ararat) Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\"\"<\/a>
M.\u00d6. 9-7 As\u0131rlarda Van (Ararat) Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

M.\u00d6. IX. y\u00fczy\u0131lda, Asurlular taraf\u0131ndan Urartu, kendi krallar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ise Biaynili olarak an\u0131lan bir devlet, Ermeni Y\u00fcksek Platosu\u2019nda sahneye \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p><\/div>\n

Urartu, Ararat isminin deforme edilmi\u015f \u015fekli olup, Biaynili isminden ise Van ismi ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bundan dolay\u0131, bu devlet Van veya Ararat krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak da an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu krall\u0131k, da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgenin t\u00fcm beyliklerini ortak bir devlet i\u00e7inde birle\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ortak devlet fikri, d\u0131\u015f d\u00fc\u015fmanlara, \u00f6zellikle de Asur\u2019un y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koyabilmek gereklili\u011finden do\u011fmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu devletin ilk kral\u0131 Arame olmu\u015ftur (M.\u00d6. 859-843). Bu kral, Asur\u2019un i\u015fgalci siyasetine kar\u015f\u0131 uzun s\u00fcre m\u00fccadele etmekteydi.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Van i\u00e7 kalesi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

I. Sardur (M.\u00d6. 835-825), ba\u015fkent Tu\u015fpa\u2019y\u0131 (Van) kurar. I. Sardur kendisini \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck kral, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kral, kitlelerin kral\u0131, Nairi \u00fclkelerinin kral\u0131, hi\u00e7bir d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n yenemedi\u011fi kral\u201d,- olarak anmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Urartu Sfinksi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

I. Sardur\u2019u, \u0130\u015fpuini (M.\u00d6. 825-810) takip eder ve ba\u015f tanr\u0131 Khaldi\u2019nin mabedinin bulundu\u011fu, krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n dini merkezine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Musasir de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere Yeprat\u2019tan (F\u0131rat), Van ile Urmia g\u00f6llerine kadar olan b\u00f6lgeleri topraklar\u0131na katar.<\/p>\n

Kral Sardur d\u00f6neminde, devletin kuzey s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 Ermeni Par\u0131 da\u011f silsilesi te\u015fkil etmekteydi. \u0130\u015fbuini zaman\u0131nda, Asur yaz\u0131s\u0131 yerine yeni olu\u015fturulan Urartu \u00e7ivi yaz\u0131lar\u0131 kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kral Menua d\u00f6neminde (M.\u00d6. 810-786) krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n, 70 y\u0131l s\u00fcrecek olan y\u00fckseli\u015f devri ba\u015flar. Van Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6n Asya\u2019n\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc devletine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr, Asur ise bu d\u00f6nemde, ge\u00e7ici olarak eski etkisini kaybeder.<\/p>\n

Menua, Dsupani\u2019yi (Dsopk), Yeprat\u2019\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan Melid\u2019i (Malatia, Malatya) ve Menuakhinili kalesini in\u015fa edece\u011fi Ararat Ovas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u201c\u015eamiram Kanal\u0131\u201d olarak an\u0131lan 72 Km. uzunlu\u011fundaki kanal\u0131 in\u015fa eder.<\/p>\n

Asura ba\u011fl\u0131 Mana, Bu\u015ftu, Parsua \u00fclkelerini fetheder ve Asur i\u00e7in do\u011frudan tehdit olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

\"\"II. Sarduri\u2019nin Hayat A\u011fac\u0131 resimli tun\u00e7 mi\u011fferinden bir detay<\/dt>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n

Y\u00f6netiminin son y\u0131llar\u0131nda Kuzeye ak\u0131n eder ve Diaukhi\u2019yi (Tayk) kendisine tabi k\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Manua\u2019y\u0131 o\u011flu I. Argi\u015fti (M.\u00d6. 786-764) takip eder. I. Argi\u015fti d\u00f6neminde \u00fclke siyasi ve askeri a\u00e7\u0131dan g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn doru\u011funa ula\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Dsopk, Melide, Tayk ve di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerde ba\u015f g\u00f6steren ayaklanmalar\u0131 bast\u0131r\u0131r, \u015eirak (Eriakhi) B\u00f6lgesi\u2019ni ele ge\u00e7irir, ard\u0131ndan Asur\u2019a sald\u0131r\u0131r ve zengin ganimet ve on binlerce esirle geri d\u00f6ner.<\/p>\n

M.\u00d6. 782 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Ararat Ovas\u0131\u2019nda Erebuni \u015fehrini, 776\u2019da ise, daha sonra Armavir olarak an\u0131lacak olan Argi\u015ftikhinili \u015fehrini in\u015fa eder.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\"\"<\/a>
I. Argi\u015fti<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Van Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131, I. Argi\u015fti d\u00f6neminde \u00d6n Asya\u2019n\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc devletine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u00c7ok say\u0131da \u00fclke bu devletin etkisine girmi\u015f, Asur ise, Urartu ordular\u0131n\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na zorlukla kar\u015f\u0131 koymaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Argi\u015fti\u2019yi, II. Sarduri (M.\u00d6. 764-735) takip eder. II. Sarduri, Sevan G\u00f6l\u00fc havzas\u0131n\u0131, Kummukh\u2019u (Kommagene) ele ge\u00e7irir, kuzeyde Kolkha\u2019ya, g\u00fcneyde ise Babelon\u2019a (Babil) kadar ula\u015f\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zaman diliminde, Asur kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 \u00fclkeler birli\u011fini olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

Asur, bu d\u00f6nemde tekrar g\u00fc\u00e7lenme ve y\u00fckselme yolundayd\u0131. M.\u00d6. 743 y\u0131l\u0131nda Asur\u2019un III. Tiglatpalasar kral\u0131, Kuzey Asur\u2019un Arpad \u015fehri yak\u0131n\u0131nda, Sarduri\u2019nin ordusunu hezimete u\u011frat\u0131r ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apta ganimet elde eder.<\/p>\n

Tiglatpalasar, Sarduri\u2019yi M.\u00d6. 735 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kommagene\u2019de ikinci defa yenilgiye u\u011frat\u0131r ve Van Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgesine girer, ba\u015fkent Tu\u015fba\u2019y\u0131 ku\u015fat\u0131r, fakat ele ge\u00e7iremez.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
I. Argi\u015fti\u2019nin Erebuni \u015fehrinin kurulu\u015funa dair yaz\u0131t\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Urartu, bu yenilgi sonras\u0131nda, \u00d6n Asya\u2019daki siyasi \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kaybeder.<\/p>\n

Kral I. Rusa (M.\u00d6. 735-713) \u00fclkeyi k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede toparlamay\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131r, Sevan\u2019\u0131n do\u011fusunu, Urmia G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn kuzey ve do\u011fu k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irir.<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 yap\u0131 i\u015fleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirerek Rusakhinili \u015fehrini, Rusa Kanal\u0131\u2019n\u0131 vs. in\u015fa eder.<\/p>\n

Rusa da, Asur kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 \u00fclkeler birli\u011fini kurar ve \u00d6n Asya\u2019da Urartu\u2019nun egemenli\u011fini yeniden tesis etmeyi dener.<\/p>\n

M.\u00d6. 715 y\u0131l\u0131nda kuzeyden ak\u0131n eden Kimerleri geri p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fcr, ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin ayaklanmalar\u0131n\u0131 bast\u0131r\u0131r, fakat t\u00fcm bunlar \u00fclkeyi zay\u0131f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
II. Sarduri<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

M.\u00d6. 714 y\u0131l\u0131nda Asur kral\u0131 II. Sargon, Rusa\u2019n\u0131n ordular\u0131n\u0131 yenerek Van Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n merkezi k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131r ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apta y\u0131k\u0131m ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n

Sargon, Musasir \u015fehrini i\u015fgal eder ve Khaldi tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ana mabedinde korunan devasa zenginlikleri ya\u011fmalar.<\/p>\n

Sargon\u2019un sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 sonras\u0131nda \u00fclke art\u0131k bir daha eski g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc elde edemez. Son g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kral II. Rusa (M.\u00d6. 685-645) olur. II. Rusa, Pr\u00fcgia (Finike), Khatti ve Khalitu \u00fclkelerine sald\u0131r\u0131r, Tey\u015febaini \u015fehrini ve daha bir dizi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kaleler in\u015fa eder.<\/p>\n

M.\u00d6. VII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan itibaren Marastan (Meresten) g\u00fc\u00e7lenmeye ba\u015flar ve M.\u00d6. 612 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ninve\u2019yi ele ge\u00e7irerek Asur\u2019un y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Marlar, M.\u00d6. 609 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tu\u015fpa\u2019y\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irerek y\u0131karlar. Lakin Van Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 M.\u00d6. 590 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr ve son kral\u0131 IV. Rusa (M.\u00d6. 609-590) \u00a0olur.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Musasir tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Van Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6n feodal bir devlet olarak, s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z yetkiye sahip bir kral taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmekteydi. \u00dclkenin en b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u00f6netim g\u00fcc\u00fc, yarg\u0131s\u0131, askeri komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, toprak ve yer alt\u0131 zenginli\u011fi vs. kral\u0131n elindeydi.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
II. Sarduri\u2019nin yaz\u0131s\u0131yla tun\u00e7 sada\u011f\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Kral, ba\u015f tanr\u0131 Khadi\u2019nin yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki temsilcisi olarak kabul edilmekteydi.<\/p>\n

Taht, en b\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011fla miras kalmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

D\u0131\u015f d\u00fc\u015fmanlara kar\u015f\u0131 koymak, ak\u0131nlar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek, uluslar aras\u0131 etki sahibi olmak, ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7leri bast\u0131rmak, \u00fclkede dirlik ve d\u00fczen sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ordu gerekliydi.<\/p>\n

Salnamelerde belirtildi\u011fine g\u00f6re, askeri hizmete tabi olan erkeklerin say\u0131s\u0131, \u00fclkede 350.000\u2019e ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Askeri birliklerin \u00e7ekirde\u011fini, 50.000 ki\u015filik kraliyet ordusu te\u015fkil etmekteydi. Bu ordu bar\u0131\u015f d\u00f6nemlerinde krala ait kaleler ve s\u0131n\u0131r garnizonlar\u0131nda bulunmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ordunun silah g\u00fcc\u00fc i\u00e7inde sava\u015f arabalar\u0131, demir k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7lar ve kamalar, m\u0131zraklar, iki a\u011f\u0131zl\u0131 baltalar, e\u011fme\u00e7li demir kamalar ve geni\u015f yaylar bulunmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Urartu sava\u015f arabas\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Kalkanlar, bileklikler ve mi\u011fferler bronzdan olup, par\u00e7al\u0131 demir z\u0131rhlar, bronzdan at b\u00f6\u011f\u00fcrl\u00fckleri ve al\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 da kullan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Van krallar\u0131 sistematik bir \u015fekilde tahkimatlar, \u00fclkenin savunma sistemi ve askeri teknolojinin m\u00fckemmelle\u015ftirilmesi konusuyla ilgilenmi\u015flerdir. \u00dclkenin merkezi ve s\u0131n\u0131r b\u00f6lgelerinde y\u00fczlerce kale in\u015fa edilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Van Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc ve askeri-siyasi ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda \u00fclkenin ekonomik geli\u015fmesinin y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyiyle do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Ekonominin geli\u015fmesi, b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda zengin maden yataklar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flenilmesi ve demir aletlerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131yla ilintiliydi.<\/p>\n

Zanaatlar, metal i\u015flemecili\u011fi sayesinde geli\u015fir (demircilik, silah\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, kuyumculuk, ta\u015f i\u015flemesi, marangozluk, kemik i\u015flemesi vs.), ticaret ilerler, yap\u0131 tekni\u011fi m\u00fckemmelle\u015fir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Tey\u015febaini Kalesi\u2019nin \u015farap mahzenlerinden biri<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Demir aletlerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve kanal yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n devlet taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi (\u015eamiram Kanal\u0131, Rusa Kanal\u0131 vs.) tar\u0131m\u0131n ilerlemesini sa\u011flar, yeni tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r ve tar\u0131m k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc geli\u015fir.<\/p>\n

Y\u00fcksek ve al\u00e7ak da\u011fl\u0131k kesimlerde hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k geli\u015fmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

\u00dclkede, daneli bitkilerin k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, \u00fcz\u00fcm yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi, \u015farap ve bira \u00fcretimi ile zeytinya\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k geli\u015fmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\"\"<\/a><\/dt>\n
Tey\u015febaini ve Erebuni\u2019den bulunan Urartu d\u00f6nemine ait ta\u015f borular<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/div>\n

<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7eviren: Diran Lokmag\u00f6zyan<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

http:\/\/hayenq.do.am\/index\/vani_t_agavorowt_yowny\/0-11<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar i\u00e7in buraya t\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z:<\/strong><\/em> http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=785<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M.\u00d6. IX. y\u00fczy\u0131lda, Asurlular taraf\u0131ndan Urartu, kendi krallar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ise Biaynili olarak an\u0131lan bir devlet, Ermeni Y\u00fcksek Platosu\u2019nda sahneye \u00e7\u0131kar. Urartu, Ararat isminin deforme edilmi\u015f \u015fekli olup, Biaynili isminden ise Van ismi ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bundan dolay\u0131, bu devlet Van veya Ararat krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak da an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu krall\u0131k, da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgenin t\u00fcm beyliklerini ortak bir devlet i\u00e7inde […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":19109,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[65,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19016","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ermenilerin-tarihi","category-haberler"],"yoast_head":"\n4. Van (Ararat) Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=19016\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"4. Van (Ararat) Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"M.\u00d6. IX. y\u00fczy\u0131lda, Asurlular taraf\u0131ndan Urartu, kendi krallar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ise Biaynili olarak an\u0131lan bir devlet, Ermeni Y\u00fcksek Platosu\u2019nda sahneye \u00e7\u0131kar. Urartu, Ararat isminin deforme edilmi\u015f \u015fekli olup, Biaynili isminden ise Van ismi ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bundan dolay\u0131, bu devlet Van veya Ararat krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak da an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. 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Van (Ararat) Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=19016","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"4. Van (Ararat) Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","og_description":"M.\u00d6. IX. y\u00fczy\u0131lda, Asurlular taraf\u0131ndan Urartu, kendi krallar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ise Biaynili olarak an\u0131lan bir devlet, Ermeni Y\u00fcksek Platosu\u2019nda sahneye \u00e7\u0131kar. Urartu, Ararat isminin deforme edilmi\u015f \u015fekli olup, Biaynili isminden ise Van ismi ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bundan dolay\u0131, bu devlet Van veya Ararat krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak da an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu krall\u0131k, da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgenin t\u00fcm beyliklerini ortak bir devlet i\u00e7inde […]","og_url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=19016","og_site_name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","article_published_time":"2012-10-11T09:37:29+00:00","article_modified_time":"2012-10-12T09:28:10+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1054,"height":816,"url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2012\/10\/urartu-map-tushpa.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=19016#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=19016"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e"},"headline":"4. 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