{"id":18884,"date":"2012-10-06T01:31:45","date_gmt":"2012-10-06T06:31:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=18884"},"modified":"2012-10-06T01:31:45","modified_gmt":"2012-10-06T06:31:45","slug":"istanbul-basin-tarihinde-1830-1914-rum-yayinci-ve-gazeteciler-sergisi-acilis-toreni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=18884","title":{"rendered":"\u0130stanbul Bas\u0131n Tarihinde (1830-1914) Rum Yay\u0131nc\u0131 ve Gazeteciler Sergisi A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f T\u00f6reni"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>Yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fayan \u0130stanbullu Rumlar\u0131n Evrensel Federasyonu Ba\u015fkan\u0131\u00a0Prof. Dr. Nikolaos Uzuno\u011flu\u2019nun konu\u015fmas\u0131:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cSay\u0131n Patrik Hazretleri ve sayg\u0131de\u011fer kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar,\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Bu serginin\u00a0 Bas\u0131n M\u00fczesinde, talebimizi sevin\u00e7le kabul ederek a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan,\u00a0 T\u00fcrkiye Gazeteciler Cemiyeti Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Sn. Orhan Erin\u00e7\u2019e, Genel Sekreter Sn. Sibel\u00a0 G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019e ve Y\u00f6netim Kuruluna te\u015fekk\u00fcrlerimizi sunuyoruz. \u00a0Ayr\u0131ca Bas\u0131n M\u00fczesi M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Sn. Saadet Atalay\u2019a ve personeline cabalar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok te\u015fekk\u00fcrler.<\/em><\/p>\n

Sergi iki as\u0131r evvel ba\u015flayan ve bir as\u0131r s\u00fcreli devirde \u0130stanbul Rum bas\u0131n\u0131n tarihini tan\u0131tmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. 1830\u2019larda ba\u015flayan bu d\u00f6nem gazete yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir olay olarak olu\u015ftu\u011fu ve bas\u0131n\u0131n kamu oyunu etkilemesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir devirdir. Rum bas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zeli\u011fi \u00f6nemli siyasi ve rejim de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde olaylarla do\u011frudan ilgilenmesidir. Tabii ki bu devirde yay\u0131nlanan Rum gazeteleri aras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Vizantis gazetesi gibi \u00a0en eski gazeteler bug\u00fcn muhafazakar diyebilece\u011fimiz geleneksel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri savunan taraftan olup, bat\u0131dan gelen ideolojilere dikkatli ve \u00e7ekingen tutum g\u00f6stermi\u015flerdir. Bunun aksi istikametinde Osmanl\u0131 millet sistemi kapsam\u0131nda, Avrupa\u2019dan gelen halk\u0131n y\u00f6netime kat\u0131l\u0131m g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini destekleyen Neologos-Yeni S\u00f6z gazetesi,\u00a0 uzun s\u00fcreli ciddi bir gazetedir.<\/em><\/p>\n

1 nci ve 2 nci Me\u015frutiyet devirlerinde \u0130stanbul Rum bas\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015f \u00e7apta geli\u015fen olaylara kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve yans\u0131tm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1 nci Me\u015frutiyet devrinin \u00f6nemli simas\u0131 Teodor Kasapis\u2019in hayat hikayesi \u00e7ok ilgin\u00e7tir. Kayserili do\u011fumlu Rum Kasapis, \u0130zmir’e amcas\u0131n\u0131n ma\u011fazas\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131rak olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, o\u011ful Aleksander Duma ile tan\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Kasapis zekas\u0131 ve d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile onun ilgisini \u00e7eker\u00a0 ve Paris\u2019te e\u011fitim almak i\u00e7in onun deste\u011fi ile gider. Tahsilini bitirdikten sonra \u0130stanbul\u2019la d\u00f6nerek gazeteci olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flayarak mizah yay\u0131nlar\u0131 ile me\u015fhur olur. <\/em>Hatta Frans\u0131zca \u201cReformlar ve Garantiler\u201d \u00a0konulu bir kitab\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019da yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hac\u0131vat ve Karag\u00f6z\u2019u i\u00e7eren bir karikat\u00fcr y\u00fcz\u00fcnden Sultan Abdulhamit\u2019in gazab\u0131na u\u011frar ve ondan sonra Fransa\u2019ya ka\u00e7maya mecbur kal\u0131r. Paris\u2019te Nam\u0131k Kemal ile tan\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bir s\u00fcre sonra Sultan\u0131n af\u0131ndan sonra Y\u0131ld\u0131z saray\u0131nda terc\u00fcman olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n

Serginin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koydu\u011fu ger\u00e7ek Rum unsurunun Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir devlet olmas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcksek derecede istedi\u011fidir. Rum gazetelerinin alakadar olduklar\u0131 konular \u00e7e\u015fitli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok ilgin\u00e7tir. G\u00fcnl\u00fck siyasi konulardan ba\u015fka, \u00e7ocuk, kad\u0131n, bilim mecmualar\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. Ek\u00fcmenik Patrikhanenin Kilisenin Ger\u00e7e\u011fi mecmuas\u0131 Patrikhanenin Rum toplumunda \u00f6nemli rol\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/em><\/p>\n

Sergi yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda isteklerine tamamen kar\u015f\u0131 olarak ya\u015famaya mecbur kalan \u0130stanbullu Rumlar\u0131n Cemiyetlerinin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu Federasyon taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu serginin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 da,\u00a0 bu Toplumun \u0130stanbul\u2019u ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi unutmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Federasyonumuz, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00a0k\u0131talarda ya\u015fayan \u0130stanbullu Rumlar\u0131n birle\u015ftirici temsilcisi olup, son iki bu\u00e7uk y\u0131l T.C. H\u00fck\u00fcmeti ve Ana Muhalefet Partisi ile i\u00e7erikli g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler ve temaslarda bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde konu\u015fulan en \u00f6nemli konu, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte vuku bulan haks\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n neticelerinin giderimi i\u00e7in herkes taraf\u0131ndan gereken ad\u0131mlar\u0131n at\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Tabii ki zaman ekseni ters \u00e7evrilemez, ama T.C. Kanunlar\u0131n\u0131 ve Anayasas\u0131n\u0131 vahim derecede ihlal eden ge\u00e7mi\u015fin haks\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n en y\u00fcksek derecede tedavisi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu konular\u0131 s\u00f6yledi\u011fim gibi merci makamlarla olumlu ve umutlu bir ortam i\u00e7inde konu\u015fmaktay\u0131z. \u015eu noktada m\u00fcsaadenizle s\u00f6ylemek istiyorum ki maalesef ge\u015fmi\u015fte \u0130stanbul bas\u0131n\u0131 1950-90\u2019larda \u00e7ok ender olarak yap\u0131lan haks\u0131zl\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 tepki g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Hatta bazan haks\u0131zl\u0131klarla yolu a\u00e7an yay\u0131nlar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in say\u0131n bas\u0131n mensuplar\u0131ndan bizimle konu\u015farak fikirlerimizi objektif bir \u015fekilde yans\u0131tmas\u0131n\u0131 diliyoruz.<\/em><\/p>\n

Tabii ki \u015funu s\u00f6ylemek gerekli\u011fini duyuyorum :\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 bizde Rum toplumu olarak 1950-90\u2019larda geli\u015fen bask\u0131lar\u0131 yaln\u0131z bize \u00f6zen oldu\u011funu alg\u0131l\u0131yorduk. Ger\u00e7ekte \u015fimdi anl\u0131yoruz ki Toplumumuza kar\u015f\u0131 geli\u015fen bask\u0131lar b\u00fct\u00fcn T.C. vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 olan uygulamalar ile ayn\u0131 sebeplerden kaynaklan\u0131yordu. \u00d6nemli olan kanun devletinin-rule of law \u2013 mutlak derecede g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesi ve uygulanmas\u0131d\u0131r\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

Konu\u015fmam\u0131 bitirirken bu Serginin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck cabalar veren say\u0131n bayan Elizavet Kovi\u2019ye\u00a0 ve say\u0131n bay Grigor Ke\u015f\u0131\u015fo\u011flu\u2019na en s\u0131cak te\u015fekk\u00fcrlerimizi sunmak istiyorum.<\/em><\/p>\n

\n***
\n\u0130STANBUL BASIN TAR\u0130H\u0130NDE (1830-1914)
\nRUM YAYINCI VE GAZETEC\u0130LER
\n<\/strong>Sergi i\u00e7ere\u011fi\u00a0Yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki\u00a0\u0130stanbullu Rumlar\u0131n Evrensel Federasyonu\u00a0T\u00fcrkiye Gazeteciler Cemiyeti
\n29\/9 – 11\/10\/2012
\nTh.Kasapis\u2019in \u00c7\u0131ng\u0131rakl\u0131 Tatar Gazetesinden Karikat\u00fcr 1289\/1874
\n1
\nT\u00fcrkiye Bas\u0131n Tarihinde \u0130stanbullu\u00a0Rum Yay\u0131nc\u0131 ve Gazeteciler\u00a0Tarihi Giri\u015f\u00a0Bu sergi, \u0130stanbul\u2019da yay\u0131nlanan
\nilk gazeteler d\u00f6nemi ve\u00a01\u2019nci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7\u00a0y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Rum\u00a0edit\u00f6r ve gazetecileri i\u00e7eren\u00a0\u0130stanbul Rum bas\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r.\u00a0Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nda\u00a0bas\u0131n alan\u0131nda at\u0131lan ilk ad\u0131mlard
\na
\nRum yay\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 bulabiliriz.
\nOsmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu d\u00f6neminde\u00a0\u0130lk T\u00fcrk gazeteleri\u00a01830 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mehmet Ali Pa\u015fan\u0131n\u00a0M\u0131s\u0131rda yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cVakayi-\u00a0i M\u0131sriye\u201d ile Giritte yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0\u201cVakayi-i Giridiye\u201d gazeteleridir.\u00a0Devletin ilk resmi gazetesi
\n1831 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan\u00a0\u201cTakvim-i Vakayi\u201d\u00a0gazetesidir.
\n\u0130lk Rum gazetesi 1831\u00a0y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130zmirde \u201cFilos ton\u00a0Neon\u201c(Gen\u00e7lerin Arkada\u015f\u0131)\u00a0ad\u0131 ile yay\u0131nland\u0131. \u0130stanbulda
\nilk Rum yay\u0131n\u0131 1833\u00a0y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan \u201c\u0130 Melisa\u00a0tu Vosporu\u201d (Bo\u011faz\u0131n\u00a0Ar\u0131s\u0131) adl\u0131 bir mecmuad\u0131r.
\n2
\n\u0130lk Rum Gazeteleri\u00a0– \u0130stanbul\u2019un ilk Rum gazetesi\u00a0\u201cTilegrafos tu Vosporu\u201d (Bo\u011faz\u0131n\u00a0Telegraf\u0131) 1843 y\u0131l\u0131nda
\nyay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0– 1876 y\u0131l\u0131nda Me\u015frutiyetin\u00a0ilan\u0131 ile \u0130stanbulda yay\u0131nlanan\u00a047 gazetenin da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekildedir:
\n13 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, 9 Rumca, 9\u00a0Ermenice, 7 Frans\u0131zca, 3\u00a0Bulgarca, 2 Ladino-Yahudice,\u00a02 \u0130ngilizce, 1 Arap\u00e7a ve 1
\nAlmanca. \u0130stanbullu Rum yay\u0131mc\u0131lar\u00a019 uncu y\u00fczy\u0131ldan\u00a0g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar olan s\u00fcre\u00a0zarf\u0131nda mecmualar haricinde\u00a0160 adetin \u00fcst\u00fcnde gazete\u00a0yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r .
\n– Bunlardan takribi 40 adeti\u00a0T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyetinin kurulu\u015fundan\u00a0sonraki d\u00f6nemde\u00a0yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n– Rum Bas\u0131n\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan\u00a0ana konular: politik,\u00a0edebiyat, kilise, kad\u0131nlar, \u00e7ocuk,\u00a0i\u015f\u00e7i, k\u0131rsal ve ticari konulard\u0131r.
\n– Rum yay\u0131nc\u0131lar, gazetelerini\u00a0T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, Rumca, Karamanl\u0131ca,\u00a0(Yunan alfabesi ile\u00a0T\u00fcrk\u00e7e) haricinde, iki dilli
\n(Rumca-T\u00fcrk\u00e7e) ve \u00e7ok dilli\u00a01nci Me\u015frutiyetin ilan\u0131 olarak yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r 3\u00a0Bas\u0131n \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve Rum Bas\u0131n\u0131
\n– Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu d\u00f6neminde yay\u0131nlanan ilk gazete\u00a0bask\u0131lar\u0131ndan sonra zaman zaman bas\u0131na yasaklar ve\u00a0sans\u00fcrler konmu\u015ftur.
\n– Rum Bas\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcm yasaklara ra\u011fmen \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn, demokratik\u00a0haklar\u0131n ve Bat\u0131 Ayd\u0131nlanmas\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00f6nemli katk\u0131da\u00a0bulunmu\u015ftur.
\n– Rum gazeteciler, \u0130mparatorluktaki di\u011fer meslekta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi kovu\u015fturulmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in Sultanl\u0131k rejimine\u00a0ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ilan eder, t\u00fcm ele\u015ftirilerini H\u00fck\u00fcmet yetkililerine\u00a0d\u00f6n\u00fck yaparlard\u0131.
\n– Bununla birlikte, yetkililer bir\u00e7ok kez\u00a0Rum edit\u00f6r ve gazetecilere, para\u00a0cezalar\u0131, hapis cezalar\u0131, s\u00fcrg\u00fcnler, gazetelerinin\u00a0ge\u00e7ici kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 ya da\u00a0yasaklanmas\u0131 gibi cezalar dayatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n– Bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc savunan Edit\u00f6rler\u00a0ve gazeteciler aras\u0131nda Theodore\u00a0Kasapis \u00f6nemli bir konumdad\u0131r.
\nRum Edit\u00f6r ve gazeteci Kasapis, 1877 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cHayal \u201c ve\u00a0\u201cMomos gazetelerinde yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sultan Abd\u00fclhamiti\u00a0hicveden bir karikat\u00fcr vesilesi ile “Bas\u0131n Kanunu” ile\u00a0cezaland\u0131r\u0131lan ilk gazetecidir.
\n4
\nSans\u00fcr Zorluklar\u0131
\n– Devlet yasaklar\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fan Rum yay\u0131nc\u0131 ve edit\u00f6rler,
\nyay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k alan\u0131ndaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na devam edebilmek i\u00e7in
\ngenellikle gazetelerinin ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, edit\u00f6rlerinin isimlerini
\nde\u011fi\u015ftirmek, ba\u015fka gazete ismini veya gazeteyi ba\u015fka bir sahibi
\nvarm\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6sterip yay\u0131mlamak sureti ile \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemlere
\nba\u015fvururdu.
\n– Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011fi yetkililer taraf\u0131ndan kovu\u015fturuldu\u011fu
\ni\u00e7in ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yedi kez de\u011fi\u015ftirmek zorunda kalan “Politiki
\nEpitheorisis” gazetesidir.
\n– 1858 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tanzimat d\u00f6neminden Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131na kadar
\nolan d\u00f6nemde yetkilileri en \u00e7ok rahats\u0131z eden yay\u0131nlar, bas\u0131nda
\nhiciv i\u00e7eren karikat\u00fcrler ve mizahi yay\u0131nlar idi.
\n– Rum Bas\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcm\u00fcyle ve b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcc\u00fc ile Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun
\nb\u00fct\u00fcn vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fitli\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren anayasa reformlar\u0131n\u0131
\ndesteklemi\u015ftir.
\n5
\n\u039f \u03a4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0392\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u0392\u03c5\u03b6\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c2
\nBo\u011fazi\u00e7i Telegraf\u0131 ve Vizantis
\nEdebiyat ve haber gazetesi olarak
\n1843 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bab\u0131alinin y\u00fcksek
\nmemuru vazifesinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Kapadokya
\nk\u00f6kenli Konstantin Adosidis
\ntaraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015ftur. Gazete 1857
\ny\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130zmirli gazeteci Dimitrios
\nKsenis taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015f olan
\nVizantis gazetesi ile birle\u015ferek yay\u0131n\u0131n\u0131
\nbir s\u00fcre \u201cBo\u011fazi\u00e7i Telegraf\u0131 \u2013
\nVizantis\u201d olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. 1904 y\u0131l\u0131ndan
\nsonra \u201cVizantis\u201d ad\u0131 ile yay\u0131nlanmaya
\ndevam etti. Bu uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc
\ngazetenin ba\u015f yazarlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndan en
\n\u00f6nemli olanlar \u0130. Georgantopulos, \u0130.
\nTantalidis, Platon Rotas, H. Samarcidis
\nve Yorgo Papadopulos\u2019dur.
\n6
\nBo\u011fazici Telegraf\u0131 – 18 \u015eubat 1856
\nHatt\u0131 H\u00fcmay\u00fcn 1856
\nOsmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun
\nHristiyan ve Di\u011fer Uyruklar\u0131
\nhakk\u0131nda Hatt\u0131 H\u00fcmayun
\n\u015eanl\u0131 Vezirim Azam Mehmet-Emin
\nAli Pa\u015fa …. Y\u00fcce Allah\u0131n benim
\nkorumam\u0131n alt\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131n\u0131
\ntayin etti\u011fi b\u00fct\u00fcn uyruklar\u0131m\u0131n
\nmutlu olmas\u0131n\u0131 temin etmek benim
\ntahta \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131mdan beri en birinci
\ng\u00f6revimi te\u015fkil etmi\u015ftir …. Allah\u0131n
\nyard\u0131m\u0131 ile milletlerimin ve h\u00fck\u00fcm
\netti\u011fim devletin kuvvetlenmesini
\nsa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131m … Y\u00fcksek m\u00fctefiklerimin
\nte\u015fviki ile b\u00fct\u00fcn uyruklar\u0131m\u0131n
\nmutlulu\u011funu art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in
\nb\u00fct\u00fcn uyruklar\u0131m\u0131n e\u015fit vatanda\u015fl\u0131k
\nba\u011flar\u0131 ile ya\u015famas\u0131 ile Devletimin
\nmutlulu\u011funu art\u0131rmak istiyorum ve
\nbunun i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kararlar\u0131
\nald\u0131m…
\n7
\nBo\u011fazi\u00e7i Telegraf\u0131 13 Aral\u0131k 1852
\nHalep\u2019te son zamanlarda vuku
\nbulan \u00e7ok \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc olaylar\u0131n sebebinin
\nbilgisizlik ve cehalet oldu\u011fundan
\nhi\u00e7 kimse \u015f\u00fcphe edemez.
\nAyn\u0131 zamanda bu olaylardan biraz
\nda teselli bulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.
\nU\u00e7suz bucaks\u0131z Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda
\nya\u015fayan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc aralar\u0131nda
\niyi ili\u015fkileri olmayan \u00e7e\u015fitli
\nhalklar\u0131n \u015fu anda \u00e7ok ilgili ve cesur
\nolan H\u00fck\u00fcmetin idaresi alt\u0131nda
\n\u00f6nyarg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve k\u00f6t\u00fc al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131
\nb\u0131rakmalar\u0131 gerekmektedir. Tabii ki
\nbu kolay olmayan bir meseledir.
\nBu g\u00fcn Devleti y\u00f6neten akl\u0131selim
\nH\u00fck\u00fcmetin medeniyet ve irfanl\u0131k
\nyolunda hayata ge\u00e7irece\u011fi reformlardan
\n\u00f6nce \u0130mparatorlukta ya\u015fayan
\nde\u011fi\u015fik halklar\u0131n aras\u0131nda bar\u0131\u015f\u0131
\nsa\u011flamas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Halep ve
\nBosnada meydana gelen olaylar \u015funu
\ng\u00f6steriyor ki baz\u0131 halklar halen eski
\nal\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131na devam etmekte ve bu
\ng\u00fcn\u00fcn halksever H\u00fck\u00fcmetine kar\u015f\u0131,
\n\u015fiddet davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r.
\nH\u00fck\u00fcmet masum halk\u0131 bu unsurlardan
\nkorumal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n8
\nMare\u015fal \u00d6mer Pa\u015fa Osmanl\u0131 akserlerine \u015fu bildiriyi
\nyay\u0131nlad\u0131: D\u00fc\u015fman\u0131m\u0131za kar\u015f\u0131 sabit ve yi\u011fit\u00e7e
\nsava\u015f\u0131rken ondan \u00f6\u00e7 al\u0131p kellenizi ve ruhumuzu
\n\u00f6zveriyoruz. Kuran-\u0131 Kerime bakarak yemin
\nverdiniz. Siz Osmanl\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z ve eminimki kendinizi,
\nkellenizi ve ruhunuzu Din ve H\u00fck\u00fcmet u\u011fruna feda
\nedeceksiniz.
\nE\u011fer aram\u0131zda harpten korkan biri varsa,
\n\u015fimdiden a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a s\u00f6ylesin, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc b\u00f6yle korkak
\ninsanlarla d\u00fc\u015fmana kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmak \u00e7ok tehlikelidir.
\nKorkanlar hastahanelere ve ba\u015fka hizmetlere
\ng\u00f6nderilecektir. Ancak d\u00fc\u015fmandan korkarak ka\u00e7an
\nolursa kur\u015funa dizilecektir. ….Bu onur hisleri olan
\nAskerler bu fikirleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeli ve ona g\u00f6re hizmet
\netmelidir. Allah bizi korusun.
\nTaksim Askeri okulunda bu ay\u0131n 3\u2019nde
\nd\u00fczenlenen mezuniyet t\u00f6reninden sonra Askeri
\nM\u00fchendislik ve Tibbiye mekteplerinde d\u00fczenlenen
\nm\u00fckafat imtihan\u0131 ve \u00f6d\u00fcl verme t\u00f6reni de
\nSultan\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. M\u00fchendislik
\nmektebinde okutulan dersler: Arap\u00e7a, Fars\u00e7a
\nve Frans\u0131z dilleri, Matematik ve Geometri,
\nCebir, Optik, Y\u00fcksek Matematik, Mimarl\u0131k,
\nTopografi, Askerlik, Balistk, Siper yapma,
\nAstronomi, Yol yap\u0131m\u0131, Co\u011frafya ve Askeri
\nTarih dersleridir. T\u0131bbiiye\u2019den 36 \u00f6\u011frenci
\nm\u00fckafat ald\u0131, 14 doktor ve 15 cerah mezun
\noldu. Doktorlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda 4 Rum, 1 Ermeni ve
\nmevcuttun \u00f6tesi M\u00fcsl\u00fcman vard\u0131r. Cerahlar
\naras\u0131nda ise bir Ermeni olup di\u011ferleri
\nM\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u2019d\u0131r.
\n9
\n\u0392\u03c5\u03b6\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c2-Vizantis-1876
\nse\u00e7ilmi\u015f haberler
\n29 Ocak 1876 – Resmi Duyuru: Osmanl\u0131
\n\u0130mparatorlu\u011funun M\u00fcsl\u00fcman veya
\ngayr\u0131m\u00fcsl\u00fcm, ayr\u0131ms\u0131z t\u00fcm yurtta\u015flar\u0131
\nbundan b\u00f6yle devlet ve vak\u0131flara ait
\nekinebilir arazilerde m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na
\nsahip olabilirler. Arazi ve ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n
\ndevir i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanan yeni \u00f6zel
\nyasada M\u00fcsl\u00fcman veya gayr\u0131m\u00fcsl\u00fcmler
\ni\u00e7in e\u015fitlik ilkesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.
\n12 \u015eubat 1876 – Hac\u0131 adaylar\u0131n\u0131n
\nseyahati: Hac\u0131 adaylar\u0131n\u0131n Mekke ye gidi\u015f
\nve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fleri en iyi \u015fartlarda sa\u011fland\u0131.
\nSay\u0131lar\u0131 150.000 civar\u0131nda olan Hac\u0131lar\u0131n
\nMekkede kal\u0131\u015f ve seyahat s\u00fcreleri
\nzarf\u0131nda sa\u011fl\u0131k ko\u015fullar\u0131, g\u00fcvenlik
\nsorunlar\u0131 \u00e7ok d\u00fczenli ve m\u00fckemmeldi.
\n– Antik d\u00f6nemlere ait tap\u0131nak ke\u015ffedildi:
\nMarmara denizinin do\u011fu yakas\u0131 sahilinde
\nKad\u0131k\u00f6y\u00fcn 4 mil a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Antik
\nd\u00f6nemlere ait bir tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir
\nb\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ke\u015ffedildi. Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n d\u00f6rt s\u00fctuna
\ndayanan bir cephesi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Zemini
\nzay\u0131flatan f\u0131rt\u0131na neticesinde dalgalar
\ntaraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedilen tap\u0131nak yerin 8
\nmetre derinli\u011finde bulunuyor. \u00dcsk\u00fcdar
\nvalisi arkeologlar\u0131n y\u00f6reye gitmesini
\nistedi
\n10
\n\u0392\u03c5\u03b6\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c2-Vizantis
\n1876-G\u00fcnl\u00fck Haberler
\n23 Mart 1876 – Gayr\u0131m\u00fcsl\u00fcmlerin
\ndevlet dairelerine tayini: Yeor\u011faki
\nEfendi daha \u00f6nce o mevkiye
\nhizmet veren M. Aristarhosun
\nyerine, Girit Vilayetin genel y\u00f6netiminde
\n\u0392a\u015fdan\u0131\u015fman olarak
\nGirite tayin edilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca Miri-
\nMiran r\u00fctbesine terfi etmi\u015ftir.
\n1 Nisan 1876 – Girit k\u00f6yl\u00fcleri
\nBab\u0131aliden bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n aff\u0131n\u0131
\nistiyor: \u00dc\u00e7 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve \u00fc\u00e7
\nHristiyandan olu\u015fan bir delegasyon
\nVeziri Azam\u0131 ziyaret etti
\nve 500.000 T\u00fcrk liras\u0131na varan
\nbor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n silinmesi talebinde
\nbulundu. Delegasyon Girit\u2019ten ayr\u0131laca\u011f\u0131
\nzaman Girit valisi yerinde
\nolmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin verdi\u011fi
\nvekaletleri Girit Mitropoliti aziz
\nSofronios imzalad\u0131.
\n19 Nisan 1876 – Rum as\u0131ll\u0131
\n\u00f6nemli bir devlet adam\u0131n\u0131n
\ncenaze t\u00f6reni: Samos adas\u0131n\u0131n
\neski Hegemon Valisi ve \u015fimdi
\nBay\u0131nd\u0131rl\u0131k kurulu ba\u015fkan\u0131 olan
\nMusuros Pavlaki Bey aniden
\nhayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. Devletin
\ndi\u011fer resmi dairelerinde de
\nhizmet g\u00f6ren Pavlaki Beyin
\ncenaze t\u00f6renine Ek\u00fcmenik
\nPatrik, Kutsal Sinod \u00fcyeleri,
\n\u0130ngiltere, Yunanistan b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi,
\nRusya b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fi \u00fcst
\nd\u00fczey temsilcileri, \u0130ran b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fi
\nbirinci sekreteri, Bab\u0131ali
\n\u00fcst d\u00fczey g\u00f6revlileri ve daha
\nbir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi kat\u0131ld\u0131.
\n11
\n\u0392\u03c5\u03b6\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c2 – Vizantis
\n1876- \u0130stanbul haberleri
\n3 May\u0131s 1876 – Gazete o y\u0131llarda
\nM\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve Hristiyanlar aras\u0131nda
\n\u201cg\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7 olarak nitelendirebilece\u011fimiz bir
\ngerilimi tasvir ediyor\u201d \u2026 Veziri Azam\u0131n
\nyerle\u015fme t\u00f6reni haberi bilgisini alan
\nsoftalar gruplar halinde Medreselerden
\nko\u015farak \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve Sirkeci iskelesinde
\ntopland\u0131. Kapal\u0131\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131 ve etraf\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan
\nHristiyanlar onlar\u0131n toplu bir \u015fekilde hareket etti\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcnce
\nkendilerine h\u00fccum edeceklerini sanarak korku i\u00e7inde d\u00fckkanlar\u0131n\u0131
\nterk edip etrafta bulunan Han ve kahvehanelere s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131. Bu
\nko\u015fu\u015fmay\u0131 g\u00f6ren softalar Hristiyanlar\u0131n kendilerine h\u00fccum
\nhaz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda oldu\u011funu zanetti. Bir s\u00fcre sonra olay a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015ftu,
\nyanl\u0131\u015f anla\u015f\u0131lma giderildi ve herkes sakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerden \u00e7\u0131kmaya
\nba\u015flad\u0131 \u2026\u201d
\n12
\n\u0392\u03c5\u03b6\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c2 – Vizantis
\nS. Abd\u00fclaziz\u2019in vefat\u0131 ve S. Murat
\nEk\u00fcmenik Patri\u011fin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanlarda al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi
\ns\u00f6z\u00fc Ermeni Patri\u011fi ald\u0131. Sultan\u0131 tebrik ettikten sonra
\nHristiyan cemaatlar\u0131n tahta olan sadakatini dile
\ngetirdi \u201325 May\u0131s 1876:Taksim kilisesi Aya Triada da
\nbayram ayininden sonra ba\u015fpapazlar Sultan Murad
\ni\u00e7in dualar okudu. Ayin sonras\u0131 Episkopos ve papazlar
\ndini giysileri, dini sancaklar\u0131, g\u00f6rkemli fanuslar\u0131 ile
\nonlar\u0131 izleyen b\u00fcy\u00fck Hristiyan Ortodoks kalabal\u0131k
\ne\u015fli\u011finde bir merasim k\u0131tas\u0131 olu\u015fturdu ve askeri
\nk\u0131\u015flan\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne giderek Sultan Murad i\u00e7in tekrar
\ndualar okudu. T\u00f6renin onuruna, k\u0131\u015flan\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde saf
\nd\u00fczenine dizilen bir askeri birlik selam durdu. Albay
\nMehmet Bey Episkopos ve papazlara te\u015fekk\u00fcr etti ve
\nOrtodoks d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n dualar\u0131n\u0131 Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na
\niletece\u011fini vaad etti .
\n20 May\u0131s 1876 – Sultan Murad tahta \u00e7\u0131kma
\nt\u00f6reninden sonra b\u00fcy\u00fck bir resmiyetle Osmana
\nait k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131 ku\u015fanma t\u00f6reni i\u00e7in Ey\u00fcp Camiiye
\ngidecektir . Bu t\u00f6ren Osmanl\u0131 imparatorlar\u0131n\u0131n
\naskeri iktidar\u0131n\u0131 sembolize eder.
\n– Veziri azam Mehmet R\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc Pa\u015fa ve Bab\u0131alinin
\ndi\u011fer bakanlar\u0131 Sultan Murad ile birlikte tahtan
\nindirilen Sultan Azizin annesinin m\u00fch\u00fcrlenmi\u015f
\nodas\u0131na girdiler. De\u011ferli e\u015fyalar ve her birini on
\nki\u015finin ancak ta\u015f\u0131yabildi\u011fi 10 adet sand\u0131\u011f\u0131 teslim
\nald\u0131lar. Sand\u0131klarda alt\u0131n oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131l\u0131yor.
\nHer\u015fey Maliye bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na teslim edildi. Rum
\nmilletinin ulusal \u00f6nderleri Yeni Sultan\u0131n huzuruna
\n\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Hasta olan ve t\u00f6rene kat\u0131lamayan
\nEk\u00fcmenik Patri\u011fi Kap\u0131 Kehayas\u0131 Stavrakis
\ne\u015fli\u011finde Kutsal Sinod episkoposlar\u0131 temsil etti .
\nSultan Abdul-Aziz
\nSultan Murat V
\n13
\n\u0392\u03c5\u03b6\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c2-Vizantis-1876
\nKanuni Esas\u0131n \u0130lan\u0131
\n-31 May\u0131s 1876 -T\u00fcrkiyenin Yeni Anayasas\u0131: –
\nT\u00fcrk gazeteleri anayasa reformu ve Millet
\nMeclisi kurulmas\u0131ndan s\u00f6z ediyor Bir\u00e7ok gazete
\nyeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmaya destek veriyor .
\nSadece \u201cVasiret \u201d \u00e7ekincelerini ifade ediyor ve
\n\u015feriat\u0131n uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 , T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131
\nbir Millet Meclisine destek verece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor .
\n– Sultan Darphaneye yeni para yap\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ,
\nbir miktar g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f alt\u0131n e\u015fya ve tak\u0131 yollad\u0131 .
\n– 1 Haziran 1876: Mithat Efendi Af edildi- Daha
\n\u00f6nceki iktidar\u0131n tutuklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Rodos adas\u0131nda
\nhapis yatan siyasi tutuklular Mithat Efendi,
\nTevfik Bey ile di\u011ferleri af edildi .
\nSultan Murad\u0131n tahta ge\u00e7mesi Giriti sevince
\nbo\u011fdu. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n sevin\u00e7ten att\u0131\u011f\u0131 silah
\nsesleri Hristiyanlar\u0131 korkuttu ve evlerine
\nkapanmalar\u0131na sebep oldu. Girit valisi \u015fehre
\ngeldi vatanda\u015flar\u0131n tehdit edilmedi\u011fini anlatt\u0131 .
\n8 Haziran 1876-Gayr\u0131m\u00fcsl\u00fcmlere asker vergisi :
\nBab\u0131alinin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 karara g\u00f6re 15 ile 75 ya\u015f\u0131 aras\u0131
\nolan t\u00fcm Gayr\u0131m\u00fcsl\u00fcm erkek vatanda\u015flar asker
\nvergisi verecektir. 5000 kuru\u015f 180 vergi m\u00fckellefine
\nb\u00f6l\u00fcnecek yani her erkek 27 kuru\u015f 30 para
\n\u00f6deyecek. Gayr\u0131m\u00fcsl\u00fcm cemaatler verginin 15 il
\n75 ya\u015f aras\u0131 uygulamas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 memnuniyetlerini
\nbildirdi. Zira bu g\u00fcne kadar olan uygulamada
\nya\u015f tahdidi yoktu ve her erkek bebeklik
\n\u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndan ihtiyarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kadar vergi \u00f6d\u00fcyordu. Rumlar\u0131n Osmanl\u0131
\nordusuna kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131
\nte\u015fvik i\u00e7in vaaz veren
\nPapaz (1910)
\n14
\nSultan Abdulhamit\u2019in tahta \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131
\n8 Temmuz 1876 – Softalar\u0131n Hristiyanlara bildirisi: Medreselerde okuyan
\nsoftalar \u00fclkenin d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n\u0131 hezimete u\u011fratmak i\u00e7in ordunun yedek
\ns\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131na kat\u0131lacaklar\u0131n\u0131 Hristiyanlara bildirdiler ve g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak kat\u0131l\u0131ma
\ni\u015ftirak etmeye davet ettiler : \u201c.. Dinimiz hayat\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 , onurunuzu ve mal
\nvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 sanki bizimki imi\u015f gibi savunmam\u0131z\u0131 emreder. Sizin dininizde bu
\nyok . B\u00f6yle olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen sizlerin bizimle birle\u015ferek ortak vatan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131
\nsavunmaya davet ediyoruz. E\u011fer bizimle birle\u015firseniz \u015f\u00fckran ve minnet
\nduygular\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ifade edece\u011fiz……..
\n20 \u0391\u011fustos 1876 – Sultan Murad\u2019\u0131n istifa etmesi, yerine Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019in
\nge\u00e7mesi ve tahta \u00e7\u0131kma t\u00f6reni t\u00fcm detaylar\u0131 ile anlat\u0131l\u0131yor.
\nEk\u00fcmenik Patrik kutsal Sinod ve Ulusal kurul \u00fcyeleri e\u015fli\u011finde ve di\u011fer
\nuluslar\u0131n liderleri ile birlikte, Sultan Abd\u00fclhamiti tebrik etme ve dualar\u0131n\u0131
\nsunmak i\u00e7in Dolmabah\u00e7e saray\u0131na gitti.
\nSultan, her g\u00fcn \u00e7e\u015fitli lisanlarda yay\u0131nlanan gazetelerden birer n\u00fcshan\u0131n
\nBas\u0131n b\u00fcrosuna yolanmas\u0131n\u0131 emretti.
\n14 Ekim 1876 – \u00dc\u00e7 Ermeni gazetesinin halk\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve moralini tahrik
\netti\u011fi su\u00e7lamas\u0131 ile yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 yasakland\u0131. \u201cMecmuay\u0131 Havadis\u201d,
\n\u201cHayrenik\u201d ve \u201cArarat \u201d gazeteleri
\n15
\nBirinci Me\u015frutiyet Devri
\nGalata k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc kulan\u0131mdan geri \u00e7ekildi.
\nGalatan\u0131n yeni demir k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc sa\u011flam
\nolmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 i\u015fe yaram\u0131yor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131
\nile s\u00f6k\u00fclmesi ve tersaneye sevk edilmesi
\nkararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131
\n30 Kas\u0131m 1876 – Rusya ve T\u00fcrkiyede ikamet eden Hristiyanlar:
\nAvrupan\u0131n baz\u0131 gazeteleri Rusyay\u0131 sadece Slav k\u00f6kenli vatanda\u015flar\u0131n
\ndurumunu iyile\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakla itham ediyor. Maksat ne
\nT\u00fcrkiyenin ne de di\u011fer Hristiyanlar\u0131n durumunu d\u00fczeltmek de\u011fil
\ndeniyor. Yar\u0131 resmi bir gazete olan Bismark\u2019\u0131n yay\u0131n\u0131na g\u00f6re Rusya
\nT\u00fcrkiyede \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa dayanan bir siyaset g\u00fcdmedi\u011fini Avrupaya
\nispatlamal\u0131d\u0131r .
\n13 Aral\u0131k 1876 – Osmanl\u0131 Anayasas\u0131 ilan\u0131: \u201c.. Veziri azam Hazretleri
\n\u00f6nce \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun Anayasa metnini onaylayan Hatt\u0131 okudu.
\nAkabinde bu e\u015fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f olay, \u0130mparatorluk gemilerinden 101
\ntop at\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun halk\u0131na ilan edildi. Anayasan\u0131n ilan\u0131n\u0131
\nBab\u0131alideki bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n genel reformlar\u0131 takip etti. Bu reformlar
\naras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan yeni yasalarda gayr\u0131m\u00fcslim halk\u0131n bakanl\u0131klara
\ntayini gibi kurumsal ilaveler de yer ald\u0131 ….\u201d
\n16
\n\u0130lk Osmanl\u0131 Anayasas\u0131n\u0131n
\nBas\u0131nda Yank\u0131lar\u0131
\n16 Aral\u0131k 1876- Dikkat \u0130kaz: Osmanl\u0131 Anayasas\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7eden
\nFrans\u0131zca ve Yunancaya resmi olarak \u00e7evirildi, nitelikli ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerine
\nbas\u0131ld\u0131 ve Vizantis gazetesi bas\u0131mevinden \u00e7eyrek mecidiye fiyat\u0131nda
\nsat\u0131\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131.
\nSultan Hazretleri, Kanuni Es\u00e2si – Anayasa ile \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun istinas\u0131z
\nt\u00fcm vatanda\u015flar\u0131na e\u015fit derecede yasal hak ve h\u00fcrriyet ba\u011f\u0131\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131
\ni\u00e7in bundan b\u00f6yle herkesin gazeteler vas\u0131tas\u0131 ile fikirlerini a\u00e7\u0131klama
\n\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc vard\u0131r.
\n21 Aral\u0131k 1876- Osmanl\u0131 Anayasas\u0131 ve Avrupa Bas\u0131n\u0131 : \u0130stanbul\u2019da
\nd\u00fczenlenen konferansta T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in siyasi ve idari de\u011fi\u015fiklikler talep
\neden \u00fclkelerin gazeteleri ilan edilen Osmanl\u0131 Anayasas\u0131n\u0131 olumlu ve
\niyimser kar\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131 .
\n\u00ab\u2026 Yar\u0131 resmi \u201cPetrupolisin sesi\u201d gazetesi \u201cOsmanl\u0131 Anayasas\u0131 yeni
\nbir \u015fey ihtiva etmiyor \u201d diye yazd\u0131 ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfusun hakim
\noldu\u011fu Anadoluda Hristiyan ahali yeni anayasadan faydalanam\u0131yacak
\ndiye devam etti.
\nBr\u00fckselin \u201cKuzey\u201d adl\u0131 gazetesi de buna benzer g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler beyan etti .
\nOsmanl\u0131 Anayasas\u0131n\u0131, M\u0131s\u0131rdaki Millet Meclisi kurulma giri\u015fimi ile
\nk\u0131yaslad\u0131 ve sanki falc\u0131ym\u0131\u015f gibi Anayasan\u0131n vaad etti\u011fi hatta
\ni\u015fkencelerin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi hi\u00e7 bir reformun hayata ge\u00e7irilemiyece\u011fi
\nkehanetinde bulundu …\u201d .
\n17
\nVizantis gazetesi 1877
\n– 3 Ocak 1877 – Veziri azam\u0131n Patri\u011fi ziyaret etmesi:
\n\u201c..D\u00fcn Pazar g\u00fcn\u00fc durumlar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini g\u00f6steren bir ilk
\nya\u015fand\u0131. Veziri azam Hazretleri Ek\u00fcmenik Patri\u011fi ziyaret etmek
\ni\u00e7in patrikhaneye gitti. Yan\u0131lm\u0131yorsak \u0130stanbulun al\u0131n\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan
\nsonraki uzun s\u00fcre\u00e7te bu ziyaret bir ilktir. Ziyaretten daha \u00f6nce
\nhaberdar edilen Patrikhane bu ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc durum i\u00e7in
\ng\u00f6rkemli ve onurlu bir kar\u015f\u0131lama t\u00f6reni haz\u0131rlad\u0131 \u2026. Veziri azam
\nHazretleri yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada bu g\u00fcne kadar ihmal edilen bu
\nziyareti yapmaya bor\u00e7lu oldu\u011funu dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile g\u00f6revini yerine
\ngetirdi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Sultan Hazretlerinin, yeni Osmanl\u0131 Anayasas\u0131
\nile t\u00fcm tebaan\u0131n hi\u00e7 bir \u0131rk ve din fark\u0131 g\u00f6zetilmeden ayn\u0131
\nbayrak alt\u0131nda ya\u015fayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti\u011fini de ilave etti …\u201d
\n– 14 \u039cart 1877 – Osmanl\u0131 Millet Meclisi Milletvekileri:
\n\u201c\u0130stanbuldaki Milletvekili say\u0131s\u0131 85 ki\u015fidir. Bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda 45
\nM\u00fcsl\u00fcman, 17 Rum, 10 Ermeni, 8 Slav ve Bulgar, 3 Hristiyan
\nArap ve 2 Musevi mevcuttur. Ba\u011fdat, Trablus, Bengazi ve
\nBasra\u2019dan gelecek olan Milletvekileri bekleniyor..\u201d.
\n– 15 \u039cart 1877- Madalya verilme t\u00f6reni: \u201d\u0130mparatorluk
\nkararnamesi ile sava\u015f gemisi Olga f\u0131rkateynin kaptan\u0131, Deniz
\nKuvetleri subay\u0131 Yunan as\u0131ll\u0131 Konstantinos Hac\u0131 Kiriakosa,
\nge\u00e7en Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda Paksos adas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131nda batan Osmanl\u0131
\nf\u0131rkateyni \u201cNasr\u2013ul Aziz\u2019in\u201d m\u00fcrettebat\u0131n\u0131 kurtarmak i\u00e7in
\ng\u00f6sterdi\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck azimden dolay\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131f Mecidiye
\nMadalyas\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir \u201c.
\n18
\nVizantis gazetesi Mart 1877
\n21 \u039cart 1877:- Bir Karikat\u00fcr i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131lan dava: \u0130mparatorluk
\nH\u00fck\u00fcmeti ge\u00e7en hafta bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olarak
\ng\u00f6steren bir karikat\u00fcr\u00fc i\u00e7in Mizahi \u201cHayal\u201d gazetesi yay\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131
\nve ba\u015fyazar\u0131 Teodoros Kasapis alehine a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 davan\u0131n
\nmahkemesi g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Mahkeme Kasapise \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l hapis cezas\u0131
\nverdi . Karar su\u00e7 ile orant\u0131s\u0131z bulundu ve \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc ile kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131.
\nSultan hazretlerinin mahk\u00fcm gazeteciye ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc zerafetini
\ng\u00f6stermesini ve af etmesini umuyoruz.
\n18 \u039cart 1877-Ka\u011f\u0131t paralar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi : H\u00fck\u00fcmet ,
\n\u00e7e\u015fitli lisanlarda gazeteciler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile y\u0131pranm\u0131\u015f ka\u011f\u0131t
\nparalar\u0131n sahiplerinin Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Vezne Dairesine
\ngiderek eskileri yeni bankanotlarla de\u011fi\u015ftirmelerini ilan etti.
\nH\u00fck\u00fcmet, kamu hizmeti veren dairelerin eski bankanotlar\u0131
\nalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bahanesi ile al\u0131m sat\u0131m yapan baz\u0131 ki\u015filerin eski
\nbankanotlar\u0131 de\u011ferinden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir fiyata ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgisini ald\u0131 ve
\nbundan dolay\u0131 bu \u0130lan\u0131 gerekli buldu.
\n19 \u039cart 1877-Bilindi\u011fi gibi al\u0131nan karar sonucunda kamuda
\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n atlar\u0131 orduda kulan\u0131lmak \u00fczere Savunma
\nBakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na teslim edildi. Bundan dolay\u0131 Bab\u0131alideki bakanlar
\nvatanseverlik \u00f6rne\u011fi verdi ve atlar\u0131n\u0131 emsal te\u015fkil etmesi i\u00e7in
\nderhal teslim ettiler. Bundan b\u00f6yle g\u00f6revlerine y\u00fcr\u00fcyerek
\nyada kiralad\u0131klar\u0131 arabalarla gidecekler. Sultan Hazretleri D\u0131\u015f
\ni\u015fleri bakan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revlerinin yo\u011fun olmas\u0131 nedeni ile saray\u0131 s\u0131k
\nziyaret etmesi ve yabanc\u0131 temsilcilerle bulu\u015fmas\u0131
\ngerekti\u011finden c\u00f6mert\u00e7e davran\u0131p bakana saray ah\u0131rlar\u0131ndan
\niki at hediye etti .
\n19
\nVizantis 1877-78
\nOsmanl\u0131 \u2013 Rus Sava\u015f\u0131na do\u011fru
\n25 Temmuz 1877- Frans\u0131z gazetesi \u201cStambul\u201d Bas\u0131n
\nb\u00fcrosunun a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki karar\u0131 ile s\u00fcresiz olarak kapat\u0131ld\u0131: \u201c
\nStambul gazetesi sava\u015f hakk\u0131nda as\u0131ls\u0131z, kamuoyuna
\nrahats\u0131zl\u0131k ve korku veren haberler yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131, Bas\u0131n
\nM\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn, \u00fclkenin ger\u00e7ek \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n sapt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131
\ny\u00f6n\u00fcnde yaz\u0131lar yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki m\u00fckerer uyar\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131
\ndikkate almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Sava\u015f konseyinin 19-31 Temmuzunda
\nald\u0131\u011f\u0131 karar\u0131n 20 Nisan g\u00fcn\u00fc tebli\u011f edilmesi ile kapat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu
\nkarar gazetenin sahibi Lafan Hanl\u0131ya tebli\u011f edildi.
\n25 Temmuz 1877- Kenti ve kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011fini korumak
\namac\u0131 ile Ba\u015fkentte M\u00fcsl\u00fcm ve Gayr\u0131m\u00fcsl\u00fcm tebaadan
\nolu\u015fan Milli muhaf\u0131z ordusu kurulmas\u0131 haberi yay\u0131ld\u0131.
\nAdalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 memurlar\u0131 Veziri azamdan kurulacak olan
\nyeni taburlara kat\u0131lmak i\u00e7in dilek\u00e7e verdi ve izin istedi.
\n15 Ekim 1877- Rum doktor A. Zoiros albay r\u00fctbesi ile
\nKarada\u011fda sava\u015fan \u0130mparatorluk ordusuna refakat etti,
\naskerlerin u\u011fra\u015flar\u0131 ve kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 tehlikelere ortak oldu.
\nSultan Hazretleri taraf\u0131ndan G\u00fclhanede bulunan \u0130mparatorluk
\nKlini\u011fine profes\u00f6r tayin edildi.
\n5 Kas\u0131m 1877- Bab\u0131ali, Erzurum Ermenilerinin, Gazi Muhtar
\nPa\u015fa komutas\u0131ndaki \u0130mparatorluk ordusunun \u015fehirde zafer
\nkazanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00f6sterdikleri \u00f6vg\u00fcye laik davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6vd\u00fc
\nve Ermeni Patri\u011fi Narsi beye takdirlerini ifade etti\u011fini
\na\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131 …
\n20
\nVizantis 1877 Kas\u0131m
\n-5 Kas\u0131m 1877- Eski G\u00fcmr\u00fck m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn
\no\u011flu hakk\u0131ndaki su\u00e7lamalar as\u0131ls\u0131z \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve
\ngen\u00e7 adam serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131 . Ali Bey , yurt
\nd\u0131\u015f\u0131na ka\u00e7may\u0131 ba\u015faran gazeteci ve yay\u0131nc\u0131
\nTeodoros Kasapis ile mektupla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esi
\nile su\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f ve hapsedilmi\u015fti. Ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z
\nbilgilere g\u00f6re Kasapis \u015fu an Paris\u2019te ya\u015famaktad\u0131r.
\n-20 Kas\u0131m 1877- Ek\u00fcmenik Patrikhanenin Kutsal Sinodu ile
\nRumlar\u0131n ulusal kurulu ortakla\u015fa yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplant\u0131da
\ngayr\u0131m\u00fcsl\u00fcmlerin Osmanl\u0131 ordusuna kat\u0131l\u0131p askere gitmesi
\ny\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bakanl\u0131k tezkeresini g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Rum
\nOrtodoks camias\u0131n\u0131n dini kurumu bu karar\u0131 memnuniyetle
\nkar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131 ve Ek\u00fcmenik tahta ba\u011fl\u0131 Ortodoks din adamlar\u0131n\u0131
\ntebaan\u0131n kat\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bilgilendirilece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.
\n-23 Kas\u0131m 1877-Yerel ordunun ge\u00e7ici komutan\u0131 \u00d6mer Fevzi
\nPa\u015fa b\u00f6lgesel y\u00f6netimlerden 5 \u00f6nde gelen \u201cayan\u201d diyebilece\u011fimiz
\ngayr\u0131m\u00fcsl\u00fcm ki\u015finin b\u00f6lgede meslek ay\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmadan,
\nvilayet veya ilde yerle\u015fik olmas\u0131 g\u00f6zetilmeden 20 ile
\n40 ya\u015f aras\u0131 gayr\u0131m\u00fcsl\u00fcmlerin say\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yapmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi.
\nSay\u0131m\u0131n maksad\u0131 Milli muhaf\u0131z ordusuna kat\u0131l\u0131m olarak
\na\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131.
\n– \u00d6mer Fevzi Pa\u015fa bildirisinde b\u00f6lgesel y\u00f6netimlerin \u201cmuhaf\u0131z
\nordusuna kat\u0131lan gayr\u0131m\u00fcsl\u00fcmlere nitelikleri \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde
\nonba\u015f\u0131 veya \u00e7avu\u015f r\u00fctbesi verilmesini\u201d de yazd\u0131
\n21
\n\u039f \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u0391\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1 – Do\u011funun Y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131
\nDo\u011funun Y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 1861 y\u0131ll\u0131n\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda Fener Rum Mektebi
\nKebir Okulunun \u00f6\u011fretmenleri Ioanni Filalithis ve Vasil
\nKalifrona taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131na ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Konstantinos Fotiadis
\nbey yazarlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda idi. Yay\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 1864 y\u0131ll\u0131na kadar
\ns\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve 1877 y\u0131ll\u0131nda yeniden yay\u0131na ba\u015flayarak 1894
\nkadar yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Haftal\u0131k bir gazete olup yazarlar\u0131
\naras\u0131nda Stavros Vutiras (1862-64), Mihail Hurmuzis,
\nLeonidas Hen ve daha sonra Servet gazetesinin kurucusu
\nolan Dimitri Nikolaidis gibi me\u015fhur isimleri bar\u0131nd\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n1454\u2019de kurulan Rum Mekteb-i Kebir. G\u00f6r\u00fclen bina 1881 y\u0131ll\u0131nda
\nin\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. \u015eimdi Rum Lisesidir
\n22
\n\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u0391\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1
\nDo\u011funun Y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 \u2013 1861-1862
\n1 Kas\u0131m 1861- Polis hastahanesine
\nve Hapishanelere yap\u0131lan tayinler:
\n\u0130lgili Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131na g\u00f6re
\nAlbay Ata Bey , Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Ba\u015fhekimi
\nve Hapishane m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc g\u00f6revlerine
\natanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve Polis
\nHastahanesinin Rum as\u0131ll\u0131 birinci
\nhekimi hapishanelerin m\u00fcd\u00fcr
\nyard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 g\u00f6revine atand\u0131. Kesanlis
\nbey Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve Hastahanenin
\nhekimi, Mehmet Bey cerrah\u0131 ve
\nBekir bey cerrah yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 olarak
\ng\u00f6reve ba\u015flad\u0131lar .
\n20 Aral\u0131k 1861- \u00c7evre kirlili\u011fi i\u00e7in al\u0131nan \u00f6nlemler:
\nBuhar ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan makinelerin kamu sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na zararl\u0131
\noldu\u011fu tesbit edildi. H\u00fck\u00fcmet bu tehlikeyi ortadan
\nkald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yeni yasa d\u00fczenledi. \u0130mparatorun imzas\u0131
\nile onurland\u0131r\u0131lan yasan\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131ndan Ticaret
\nBakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorumlu olacakt\u0131r. Bundan b\u00f6yle Bo\u011faz\u0131n
\ndo\u011fu yakas\u0131nda Rumeli Fenerinden Fener-bah\u00e7eye ve
\nbat\u0131 yakas\u0131ndan Rumeli Fenerinden Ye\u015fil-k\u00f6ye kadar
\nolan b\u00f6lgede buharla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan makineleri imal eden
\nfabrika kurulmas\u0131 yasakland\u0131. Bu b\u00f6lgeler haricinde
\nyasalara uygun olarak fabrika kurulabilir
\n23
\n\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u0391\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1
\nDo\u011funun Y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 – 1862
\n24 Ocak 1862- Ge\u00e7en ay Revy ul \u2013Ahir (4 Eyl\u00fcl \u2013 2 Ekim)
\n\u0130stanbulda :337 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, 572 Hiristiyan, 64 Musevi,
\nToplam 693 ki\u015fi vefat etmi\u015ftir.
\n\u0130stanbulda h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k olaylar\u0131: Ge\u00e7en hafta Ba\u015fkentin \u00e7e\u015fitli
\nmahalelerinde h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k olaylar\u0131 kaydedildi. H\u0131rs\u0131zlar Tarabyada
\nbulunan yeni in\u015fa edilen Aya Paraskevi kilisesine girdi
\nt\u00fcm g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f kaplar\u0131 ve kutsal papaz giysilerini \u00e7ald\u0131.
\n28 \u039cart 1862-Tabipler Derne\u011fi: Rumlar\u0131n Tabipler Derne\u011fi
\nkurulu\u015f y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kutlad\u0131. \u0130lgililer toplanan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir
\nkalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n nezdinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan ve gelece\u011fe ait
\nplanlar\u0131ndan s\u00f6z ettiler. Misafirler ba\u015far\u0131 dile\u011finde bulundu
\nve beyan edilen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n bir an \u00f6nce vilayetlere
\nduyurulmas\u0131n\u0131 diledi. Se\u00e7imlerde Konstantinos Karateodoris
\nBa\u015fkan \u0130roklis Vasiadis ve \u0130. \u011ealatis e\u015f ba\u015fkan se\u00e7ildi.
\n17 Nisan 1862- Sultan\u0131n Tersane ziyareti: Murad Efendi,
\nHamit Efendi, Kemalettin Efendi, Ba\u015fbakan, Amiral,
\nBa\u015fhekim Marko Pa\u015fa, Ba\u015feczac\u0131 Diamantaki Efendi
\ne\u015fli\u011finde \u0130mparatoluk filosu ile seyahat eden Sultan
\nHazretleri, \u0130zmiti ziyaret etti. Sultan\u0131, yerel y\u00f6netim amirleri,
\n\u00e7e\u015fitli dinlerin liderleri, \u00f6\u011frenciler kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131 Rum \u00f6\u011frenciler
\nilahiler seslendirdi ve Sultan\u0131n ge\u00e7i\u015f yoluna \u00e7i\u00e7ekler d\u00f6\u015fedi.
\nSultan Tersanede f\u0131rkateyn gemi yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 denetledi. Kal\u0131\u015f
\ns\u00fcresi zarf\u0131nda din ay\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 yapmadan fakirlere 150.000 kuru\u015f
\nda\u011f\u0131tt\u0131 .
\n24
\n\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u0391\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1 – Do\u011funun Y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131
\n21 Nisan 1862- Sultan, dinsel
\nho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc \u00f6rne\u011fi vermek i\u00e7in askeri
\ngarnizonlara \u00e7e\u015fitli dinlerin
\npatrikleri, ba\u015fpapazlar\u0131, ba\u015f
\nhahamlar\u0131 vs \u00f6n\u00fcnde \u015feref k\u0131tas\u0131
\nolarak dizilmelerini emretti. Dinsel
\nge\u00e7it t\u00f6renlerine muhaf\u0131z birlikleri
\ns\u0131ra ile \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck edecek ve selam
\nduracak. Emir devletin b\u00fct\u00fcn
\nvilayetlerinde uygulanacak.
\n15 \u039cay\u0131s 1862 – Osmanl\u0131
\n\u0130mparatorlu\u011fu devleti Rum as\u0131ll\u0131
\nMihalaki G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fgerdan Beyin uzun
\ny\u0131llar s\u00fcren hizmetlerini takdir etti
\nve Sultanl\u0131k kararnamesi ile onu E
\ns\u0131n\u0131f Mecidiye madalyas\u0131 ile
\nonurland\u0131rd\u0131.
\nGazetemiz tebriklerini sunar ve
\ndevlete hizmet etmeye devam etmesini
\ndiler.
\n25
\n\u0130sti\u1e33b\u0101l, 20 Receb 1292
\n9 A\u0121ustos 1875(22.08.1875)- \u0120azete
\nTheodoros Kasapis (Kasab)* taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan gazete
\n\u00f6ns\u00f6z\u00fcnde – Cuma hari\u00e7 – her g\u00fcn yay\u0131nlanlaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve
\ns\u00fctunlar\u0131nda tarih ile bilimler konusunda makaleler
\nkonuklayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirmektedir.
\nGazetenin amac\u0131, yaln\u0131z ba\u015fkentten de\u011fil t\u00fcm Osmanl\u0131 devletinden
\nve imparatorluk haricinden okurlar\u0131na g\u00fcvenilir haberleri
\nula\u015ft\u0131rmakt\u0131r. Yaz\u0131n\u0131n sonunda gazete ad\u0131n\u0131n neden \u0130stikbal olarak
\nse\u00e7ildi\u011fini anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.
\n\u2022 (a) Hamdi \u00d6zi\u015fik, Teodor Kasab ve \u0130stikbal Gazetesine Dair Notlar,Kekibe\u00e7,20,5-
\n26,2005,Ankara.
\n(b) La Quest\u0131on des Reformes et des Garant\u0131es Par Th.Cassape, Constantinopole,
\nTypographie et Lithographie Centrales,1876.
\n26
\n\u015eafak Gazetesi
\nN\u00fcsha: 11 Reb\u012b\u2018\u00fc\u2019l-evvel 1291 \/ 15
\nNisan 1290 (28.04.1874)
\n\u2022\u0130\u1e2b\u1e6d\u0101r (Muht\u0131ra)
\n\u2022Mu\u1e25\u0101vere (Tart\u0131\u015fma)
\n\u2022K\u012br\u0101 \u2018arabac\u0131s\u0131yla bir \u1e95\u0101t
\n\u2022B\u0101rg\u012bri\u00f1 nu\u1e6du\u1e33u
\n\u2022S\u00f6\u011f\u00fc\u015fc\u00fc ile \u1e33a\u1e63\u1e63\u0101b
\n\u2022Sef\u012bne pu\u1e63ulas\u0131 (m\u0101 ba\u2019d\u0131)
\n\u2022\u0130\u2018l\u0101n\u0101t (\u0130lanlar)
\n\u2022Esr\u0101r-\u0131 Paris (Fransa \u2018da edebiyat
\nyay\u0131nlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda faaliyetler)
\nN\u00fcsha : 14 Reb\u012b\u2018\u00fc\u2019l-evvel 1291 \/ 18
\nNisan 1290 (01.05.1874)
\n\u2022 Hikaye \u201cBizde Ma\u1e6db\u016b\u2018\u0101tdan m\u0101
\nba\u2019d\u201d F\u0131\u1e33ra .
\n\u2022Tera\u1e33\u1e33\u012bni\u00f1 e\u00f1 m\u00fchimm m\u00fcnderic\u0101t\u0131
\n(Geli\u015fmenin en \u00f6nemli i\u00e7erikleri)
\n\u2022R\u016bzn\u0101meni\u00f1 e\u00f1 m\u00fchimm
\nm\u00fcnderic\u0101t\u0131 (Takvimin en \u00f6nemli
\ni\u00e7erikleri)
\n\u2022\u0130\u1e2btiy\u0101r\u0101t-\u0131 hafta (Haftan\u0131n se\u00e7imleri)
\n\u2022Hikaye \u201cMer\u0101\u1e33l\u0131 ve \u1e25amiyyetli\u201d.
\n\u2022\u2018Abdu\u2019l-l\u0101h ile \u00e7\u0101ker (Allah\u0131n kulu ve
\nkul)
\n27
\n\u0391\u039d\u0391\u03a4\u039f\u039b\u0397 – Anatoli
\nT\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fan Anadolu Karamanl\u0131 Rumlar\u0131n\u0131n Gazetesi
\nEvangelinos Misailidis \u201cAnatoli\u201d gazetesini 1861 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130zmirde ,
\nKaramanl\u0131ca (T\u00fcrk\u00e7e dilinde Yunan harfleri ile yaz\u0131l\u0131) yay\u0131nlamaya
\nba\u015flad\u0131 . \u201c Anatoli\u201d ayn\u0131 zamanda Yunan alfabesini kullanarak hem
\nT\u00fcrk\u00e7e hem Rumca dillerinde yay\u0131nland\u0131. Gazete bir\u00e7ok isim ve
\n\u015fekillerde yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: RUMCA – 1861 -62 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda haftada
\nbir kez ticaret , edebiyat , ve siyasi konular\u0131 kapsayarak yay\u0131nland\u0131.
\nKARAMANLICA : \u0130lk kez 1860 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130zmirde \u201c\u015eark\u201dad\u0131 ile daha sonra
\n1873-76 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yeni bir gazete g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcnde Asai \u015eu\u011fra
\n(K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya) yani Anatoli ad\u0131 ile devam etti . Gazete E. Misailidis\u2019in
\nvefat etti\u011fi 1890 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Anatoli ismini korudu. Merhumun
\no\u011fullar\u0131 Teogenis, Hristoforos ve Yeorgios Anatolinin yay\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 1910
\ny\u0131l\u0131na kadar devam ettirdiler.
\n\u0130ordanis Limnidis 1912 \u20131922 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda gazeteye \u201cNea Anatoli\u201d
\n(Yeni Anadolu ) ismini vererek tekrar yay\u0131nlad\u0131.
\nM\u00fcbadeleden sonra Yunanistan\u2019da
\nyay\u0131n\u0131 devam eden ANATOLI
\nGazetesinin son n\u00fcshalar\u0131ndan
\n28
\n\u0395\u03c5\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u039c\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03b7\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2
\nEvangelinos Misailidis
\nManisa’n\u0131n Kula il\u00e7esinde do\u011fdu. \u0130zmir’deki
\nProtestan Okulunu bitirdikten
\nsonra Atina’da \u00fcniversiteye devam etti.
\nBir s\u00fcre Ala\u015fehir’de \u00f6\u011fretmenlik ve okul
\ny\u00f6neticili\u011fi yapt\u0131. \u0130zmir’de Rumca yay\u0131mlanan
\nAmalthea gazetesinin yaz\u0131 heyetine
\nkat\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130rfanname ad\u0131nda Rumca harfli
\nT\u00fcrk\u00e7e bir eser yay\u0131mlad\u0131. T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin Rum
\nharfleriyle daha d\u00fczg\u00fcn yaz\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in noktal\u0131
\nharfleri i\u00e7eren bir sistem geli\u015ftirdi. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e
\n\u015eark adl\u0131 haftal\u0131k bir siyasi dergi ve
\nMektebi F\u00fcnunu \u015earkiye adl\u0131 risaleler
\ndizisi \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.
\n1850 \u0130zmir yang\u0131n\u0131ndan sonra matbaas\u0131n\u0131
\n\u0130stanbul’a ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131. 1851’den itibaren
\n\u0130stanbul’da Anatoli isimli T\u00fcrk\u00e7e gazeteyi
\n\u00e7\u0131kard\u0131 ve 40 y\u0131l boyunca idare etti. Ayr\u0131ca
\nk\u0131sa s\u00fcrelerle Mikra Asia (K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya) adl\u0131
\nRumca bir gazete ve Kokorikos adl\u0131 bir
\nmizah dergisi de ne\u015fretti. 1871-1872
\ny\u0131llar\u0131nda d\u00f6rt cilt halinde Rum harfleriyle
\nyay\u0131mlanan Tema\u015fa-i D\u00fcnya ve Cefakar \u00fc
\nCefake\u015f adl\u0131 eseri T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin seyahatmacera
\nt\u00fcr\u00fcnde yay\u0131nlanan ilk roman\u0131
\nsay\u0131labilir. Bu eser ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131llarda
\nSeyreyle D\u00fcnyay\u0131 ad\u0131yla ve Latin alfabesiyle
\nyeniden bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nMisailidis 1890’da \u0130stanbul’da vefat etti ve
\nBal\u0131kl\u0131 Rum Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131’na defnedildi.
\n29
\nAnatoli\u2019nin Yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitaplar
\n30
\n\u039f\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 – Omonia
\nOmonia (Uyum) gazetesi ilk kez
\nMay\u0131s 1862 de gazeteci Dimitrios
\nKa\u00e7elidis taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nGazete yay\u0131n\u0131na 1864 y\u0131l\u0131nda ara
\nvermi\u015f ancak bir y\u0131l sonra yeniden
\nba\u015flayarak 1870 y\u0131ll\u0131na kadar yay\u0131n\u0131n\u0131
\ns\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00dc\u00e7 ayl\u0131k bir s\u00fcre
\nzarf\u0131nda Neologos ile birlikte iki ismi
\nde kulanarak yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015f yazar\u0131
\nIoannis Vretos idi.
\n1878 y\u0131ll\u0131nda – Lise ve \u00d6\u011fretim Akademisi olarak e\u011fitim vermeye
\nba\u015flayan Zapiyon Rum K\u0131z Okulu. Bug\u00fcn iki kademeli Rum okulu olarak
\ne\u011fitime hizmet etmeye devam etmektedir. 31
\nBas\u0131n \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve Osmanl\u0131 Mizah
\nBas\u0131n\u0131nda Rum Gazeteciler
\n– Tanzimat d\u00f6neminin, hiciv ve resim ile ilgili
\nilk yasa\u011f\u0131 1858 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ceza Kanunu’nun 138
\nMaddesi ile g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenir. O zaman hen\u00fcz
\nT\u00fcrk\u00e7e mizah dergisi yay\u0131nlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 .
\n– \u0130lgili ceza maddesi \u015fu \u015fekilde idi :
\n\u201cHer kim ki sata\u015fan, hicveden, sa\u011fduyuya
\nayk\u0131r\u0131 vezinli veya d\u00fcz yaz\u0131 metinleri, resim
\nveya g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri ne\u015freder veya ne\u015fretmeye
\nverir ise bir alt\u0131n ile be\u015f alt\u0131n mecidiyeye
\nkadar para cezas\u0131 ve 24 saat ile bir hafta aras\u0131
\nhapis cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r \u201c.
\n– \u0130stanbullu Rum Theodore Kasapis* Osmanl\u0131
\nd\u00f6nemi bas\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc edit\u00f6r ve
\ngazetecilerinden biri idi.
\n– 1870 y\u0131l\u0131nda kendi yay\u0131nevini kurdu ve
\n“Diyojen” adl\u0131 hiciv gazetesini ilk olarak Rumca
\nve (Le Diogene) Frans\u0131zca yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Birka\u00e7 ay
\nsonra da T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00abDiyojen\u00bb.i yay\u0131nlad\u0131 Diyojen
\nT\u00fcrk mizah t\u00fcr\u00fcnde ne\u015fredilen konu\u015fmalar\u0131
\nhicveden ve karikat\u00fcr i\u00e7eren ilk mizah
\ngazetesidir.
\n– Gazetenin amac\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 devletinde
\ng\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flayan liberal reformlar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde
\nT\u00fcrk ve Rum toplumlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ortak
\nbir refah ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck yaratmak, i\u00e7in i\u015fbirli\u011fi
\nfikrini te\u015fvik etmekti.
\n* Hasan Refik, \u201cTeodor
\nKasab ve Hayal\u201d,Hayat
\nTarih Mecmuasi,y\u0131l 10,
\nsay\u0131 6,1.6.74,sayfa24-28.
\n\u2022 The Encylop. of
\nIslam,vol.IV,1978,Leiden,
\np.p.190726.
\n32
\nTheodoros Kasapis
\n– Kasapisin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e yay\u0131nlanan \u00abDiyojen\u00bbi \u00f6nceleri haftada bir kez,
\ndaha sonra iki kez tedav\u00fcle \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yordu. Bir m\u00fcddet sonra haftada \u00fc\u00e7
\nkez piyasaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 2 y\u0131l ve 47 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde 183 n\u00fcsha
\nyay\u0131nlad\u0131. \u0130lgili makamlar taraf\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ici olarak be\u015f kez yay\u0131n\u0131
\ndurduruldu. Sonunda, 1873 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 yasakland\u0131.
\n– \u00abDiyojen\u00bb nin yay\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk d\u00f6nemlerde liberal ve reformist
\nfikirleri ile tan\u0131nan meslekta\u015f\u0131 ve k\u00f6\u015fe yazar\u0131 ayd\u0131n Nam\u0131k Kemal da
\ngazetenin yazarlar\u0131 dahilinde idi. Kasapis, Nam\u0131k Kemal ile Paris\u2019te
\ntan\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 (Die Welt des Islam,vd:35\/2,(1995),p.p.189-249,Johan Stauss)
\n– Gazeteci Ebuzziya Tevfik, Diyojen Gazetesi i\u00e7in \u201cDiyojen sayesinde
\nfikirlerimizi yayabildik. Ciddi bir \u015fekilde s\u00f6yleyemediklerimizi
\nmizahi bir uslupla yazabiliyorduk\u201d demektedir.
\n– Diyojenin yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 yasakland\u0131ktan sonra, iki haftada bir,
\nkarikat\u00fcrleri olan “\u00c7\u0131ng\u0131rakl\u0131 Tatar\u201d ve onunla e\u015f anlaml\u0131 olan
\nRumca bask\u0131s\u0131 “Koudounas\u201c yay\u0131nlanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131 .
\n– Bu ikinci mizahi yay\u0131n k\u0131sa \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc oldu. Gazetenin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve
\nRumca yay\u0131n\u0131 Mart-Temmuz 1873 aras\u0131 sadece 3,5 ay s\u00fcrer. Toplam
\n29 say\u0131 yay\u0131nlan\u0131r. T\u00fcm say\u0131lar\u0131nda a\u011fa\u00e7 oymac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yaz\u0131s\u0131
\nsanatkar\u0131 Rum Konstantin Orfanoudakisin \u00e7izdi\u011fi ve cesaretle
\nimzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 karikat\u00fcrler de yer al\u0131r .
\n33
\n\u0130stanbul Bas\u0131n\u0131nda Rum Karikat\u00fcristler
\n– Zaman\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka bir \u00fcnl\u00fc karikat\u00fcristi Rum as\u0131ll\u0131 Venetsanos
\nM.dir. \u0130lk kez 18\/6\/1869 tarihinde, T\u00fcrk siyasi gazetesi \u00ab\u0130stanbul\u00bb
\nda yay\u0131nlanan karikat\u00fcrlerini cesaretle kimli\u011fini belirterek
\nimzalayan ilk gazetecidir.
\n– Ayn\u0131 karikat\u00fcrist \u00abIstanbul\u00bbun ilk say\u0131s\u0131nda 24\/9\/1867 y\u0131l\u0131nda
\nParis’te tren istasyonunda t\u00f6renle kar\u015f\u0131lanan Sultan Abd\u00fclazizin
\nkarikat\u00fcrlerini yay\u0131nlad\u0131.
\n– Bu karikat\u00fcr Osmanl\u0131 devletinde sans\u00fcr edilen ilk karikat\u00fcr
\noldu. O d\u00f6nemde \u00f6nemli bir ki\u015finin karikat\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7izerek g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7
\ndurumlara d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi yasakt\u0131. Bu nedenle, \u00ab\u0130stanbul\u00bb. Gazetesinin
\nt\u00fcm say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n toplanmas\u0131 emredildi.
\n– Theodore Kasapis ayn\u0131 anda farkl\u0131 dillerde 5 gazete yay\u0131nlayarak
\ngazetecilik faaliyetlerine devam etti. Bunlar aras\u0131nda,
\nT\u00fcrk\u00e7e (10\/1873) \u00abHayal\u00bb ile Ermeni alfabesi ile T\u00fcrk\u00e7e
\nyay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00abKheyal\u00bb (11\/1873) yer al\u0131r.
\n– \u00abHayal\u00bb 30\/6\/1877 tarihine kadar 368 n\u00fcsha bas\u0131ld\u0131 ve
\nserbest\u00e7e sat\u0131ld\u0131. Genel olarak Nedimof olarak bilinen Rus yanl\u0131s\u0131
\nsiyaset g\u00fcden Sadrazam Mahmut Nedim Pa\u015fa hicv edildi.
\n\u00abHayal’in\u00bb sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 Abd\u00fclhamit h\u00fck\u00fcmeti taraf\u0131ndan dokuz kez
\ndurduruldu.
\n– Kasapis, \u00abHayal’in\u00bb tekrarlanan kapatma cezalar\u0131 devam
\nederken, 9 A\u011fustos 1875 tarihinde \u00ab\u0130stikbal\u00bb ad\u0131nda g\u00fcnl\u00fck
\n(Cuma hari\u00e7) T\u00fcrk\u00e7e siyasi bir gazete \u00e7\u0131karmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00ab\u0130stikbal\u00bb
\ngazetesi \u015eubat 1877 tarihine kadar toplam, 236 n\u00fcsha satt\u0131.
\n– Kasapis \u00abHayal’i\u00bb basmaya devam edebilmek i\u00e7in Evangelinos
\nMisailidis ad\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir Rum yay\u0131nc\u0131y\u0131 \u201cimtiyazl\u0131 gazete sahibi
\nvekili \u201d olarak g\u00f6sterdi.
\n34
\nMizah Gazeteleri
\n– Fakat yine de end\u00fcstri raporlar\u0131 ile ilgili yay\u0131nlanan bir makale
\nnedeni ile 01\/10 \/1875 tarihinde (No 221) 150 g\u00fcnl\u00fck kapat\u0131lma
\ncezas\u0131 ald\u0131.
\nBu makale ahlak\u0131 ihlal etti\u011fi gerek\u00e7esi ile (edebe Ayk\u0131r\u0131 Makale)
\nolarak nitelendirildi.
\n– Ayr\u0131ca \u201cHayal\u201d mizah gazetesinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan , Rum as\u0131ll\u0131 F.N.Z. \/ N.R.
\ntan ba\u015fka bilinmeyen kimli\u011fi olan bir karikat\u00fcrist daha vard\u0131 . Di\u011fer
\nkarikat\u00fcristler Ermeni Ni\u015fan Berberyan ve Alman Santz idi.
\n– 08 \/02\/1877 tarihinde yay\u0131nlanan \u201cHayal’in\u201d 319 n\u00fcshas\u0131nda Karag\u00f6z\u00fcn
\nkarikat\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc bas\u0131n \u015feklinde betimler, el ve ayaklar\u0131n\u0131 zincire vurulmu\u015f
\nolarak g\u00f6sterir . Bu arada Hacivat \u201cKarag\u00f6z\u00fcm bu ne bi\u00e7im bir durum \u201d
\ndiye sorar. Karag\u00f6z de “Bas\u0131n, hukukun s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde serbesttir” diye yan\u0131t
\nverir.
\n– Bu karikat\u00fcr sans\u00fcr kurulu taraf\u0131ndan Sultana kar\u015f\u0131 ki\u015fisel bir hakaret
\nolarak alg\u0131land\u0131. Abd\u00fclhamit “Benim \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131\u011f\u0131m anayasay\u0131 hicvetmek, benle
\nalay etmek manas\u0131na gelir su\u00e7lamas\u0131 ile Kasapisin ceza mahkemesinde
\nyarg\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131\u201demretti.
\n– Kasapis Abd\u00fclhamite hakaret nedeniyle \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131labilirdi ama
\nbu su\u00e7lamadan yarg\u0131lanmad\u0131. Matbuat Kanunu’nun 15. maddesi uyar\u0131nca
\n26 Mart 1877 tarihinde yasal cezan\u0131n \u00f6n g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc en y\u00fcksek cezaya laik
\ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc 3 y\u0131l hapis cezas\u0131 ald\u0131 .
\n20 kuru\u015f var,20 bin, 50 kuru\u015f al\u0131r..50 bin.
\n50 kuru\u015f bir para veririm, 50 bin…
\n35
\nTh.Kasapis\u2019in \u00c7\u0131ng\u0131rakl\u0131 Tatar Gazetesinden Karikat\u00fcr 1289\/1874
\n– Kasapise a\u00e7\u0131lan dava ile “Bas\u0131n Kanunu.” nun ilk uygulanmas\u0131
\nba\u015flad\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca \u00fc\u00e7 hafta boyunca gazetenin yay\u0131n\u0131 sekizinci kez
\ndurduruldu .
\n– \u00abHayal’in\u00bb edit\u00f6r\u00fc 30\/6\/1877 tarihinde gazetenin 368
\nsay\u0131s\u0131nda tehlikede oldu\u011funu beyan etti ve gazetenin yay\u0131n\u0131n\u0131
\ndurdurdu .
\n– \u0130ki ay sonra Kasapis, Sultan Abd\u00fclhamitin izni ile hapishaneden
\nkefaletle serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131 ve orta\u011f\u0131 Nam\u0131k Kemal ile birlikte
\n“Nas\u0131r” adl\u0131 siyasi bir gazeteyi yay\u0131nlamaya ba\u015flad\u0131.
\n– Kasapis serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra Avrupa’ya ka\u00e7ar. S\u00fcrg\u00fcn
\nhayat\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00ab\u0130stikbal\u00bb gazetesini edit\u00f6r Ali \u015eefkati
\nsorumlulu\u011funda 1879 tarihinden 1881 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Avrupa’n\u0131n
\n\u00e7e\u015fitli kentlerinde T\u00fcrk\u00e7e olarak basmaya devam eder. Gazete
\naral\u0131klarla Londra, Napoli, Cenevrede bas\u0131l\u0131r
\n36
\nKasapis\u2019in geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc
\n– \u0130leriki y\u0131llarda Abd\u00fclhamit \u201cSaray ile ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini kamuoyuna
\na\u00e7\u0131klamamas\u0131\u201d \u015fart\u0131 ile onu ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar. Kasapis bu durumu ailevi
\nnedenlerden dolay\u0131 kabul etmek zorunda kal\u0131r. 1881 y\u0131l\u0131nda
\n\u0130stanbula d\u00f6ner ve 1897 y\u0131l\u0131nda 63 ya\u015f\u0131nda hayata veda eder .
\n– Kasapis yay\u0131nlar\u0131 ve makaleleri ile Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nda
\nilk anayasal rejimin temellerini atma s\u00fcresinde, bas\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesine
\ny\u00f6nelik \u00f6nemli katk\u0131larda bulunmu\u015ftur. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nda
\nbas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in sava\u015fanlar aras\u0131nda en \u00f6n
\ns\u0131ralarda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmek zorunday\u0131z.
\n– \u0130stanbul’da ba\u015fka bir Rum Yani Moto\u011flou 19\/8\/1908 tarihinde
\n\u00abTasvir-i Hayal\u00bb ad\u0131nda iki haftada bir \u00e7\u0131kan karikat\u00fcrl\u00fc bir mizah
\ngazetesi yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sadece imzas\u0131z karikat\u00fcr\u00fc olan 2 say\u0131s\u0131
\nbilinmektedir.
\n– K\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra \u0130ki T\u00fcrk\u00e7e siyasi gazete \u201cMetin ve Feyz-i
\nH\u00fcrriyet\u201d ile birle\u015fti. Bu yeni gazetelerin mizahi sayfas\u0131n\u0131 \u00ab\u00dc\u00e7
\nGazete\u00bb ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00fcstlendi .
\n– Selanikli T\u00fcrk gazeteci Ali M\u00fcnir 1911 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbulda,
\nkarikat\u00fcrl\u00fc resimli haftal\u0131k gazete \u00abK\u00f6yl\u00fc\u00bb y\u00fc yay\u0131mlar. Gazete
\nRum, Ermeni ve Karamanl\u0131ca makaleler i\u00e7erir.
\n– Rumca metinlerin sorumlu y\u00f6neticileri, Nikolakis Efendi ve \u0130osif
\nFerikidisdi. Ayn\u0131 zamanda \u0130stanbullu ressam Perikles Kalaisakisin
\nkarikat\u00fcrleri vard\u0131r.
\n\u00abK\u00f6yl\u00fc\u00bb yakla\u015f\u0131k bir y\u0131l dahilinde 55 say\u0131 tamamlayarak yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n37
\nDiyojen
\nMarangoz d\u00fckk\u0101n\u0131nda
\nsa\u2018\u0101t alt\u0131da- On bir
\nnumerolu \u015firket vapurunun
\n\u1e63a\u0121 \u1e6daraf yan
\n\u1e33ameras\u0131nda 1871 \u1e24az\u012br\u0101n\u2019\u0131\u00f1
\nonbirinde k\u00f6pr\u00fcde
\nsa\u2018\u0101t ona \u00e7eyrek kalarak
\nn\u00f6vbetinde.Teodor Ka\u1e63\u1e63\u0101b
\nYanaki Efendinin dostluk ad\u0131na irad etti\u011fi nutuk
\nhalka o kadar tesir etmi\u015fki 38
\nT. Kasapis\u2019in yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131
\ngazetelerden karikat\u00fcrler
\nKayseri\u2019den Ankara yoluyla
\n\u0130stanbul\u2019la yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00fczeltmek
\ni\u00e7in gelen Teodor Kasapis
\nMomos\u2019un seller i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni icad
\n39
\nMomos\u2019dan iki Karikat\u00fcr
\n– Credit General, Societe General, Sans-e Valeur, Verisi
\nKusudi al Mustafa.
\n– Ulan soysuzlar, hepsi bunlardan sat\u0131n ald\u0131klar\u0131 zaman
\nsonunda benim gibi \u00e7\u0131plak kald\u0131.
\n-Ulan soysuz,konsolac\u0131dan nas\u0131l
\nbaklavac\u0131 oldun.
\n– Baklavac\u0131lardan az banker olmad\u0131 m\u0131 ?
\n40
\nBas\u0131n \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc – Pantelis Kosmidis
\nAvukat ve Meclisi Mebusan \u00fcyesi olan
\nPantelis Kosmidis\u2019in 1908 rejim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finden
\nsonra \u0130stanbul bas\u0131n\u0131nda geni\u015f
\naktiv r\u00f6l\u00fc olmu\u015ftur. Cesur bir gazeteci olup
\nRumca Foni ve Sada-i Millet gazeteleri ile
\nbas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, siyasi h\u00fcriyetler i\u00e7in
\n\u0130ttihat\u0131 Terraki bask\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadeleler
\nvermi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve
\nGayri-M\u00fcslim kovu\u015fturulan gazetecilere
\ndestek vermi\u015ftir. Foni gazetesinde 29 Ocak
\n1912 yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 makale y\u00fcz\u00fcnden mahkum
\noldu ve 5 ay hapiste kald\u0131. Yay\u0131nc\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu
\nSada-i Millet gazetesinin ba\u015fyazar\u0131 Ahmet
\nSamim (26 ya\u015f\u0131nda) Haziran 1910 da, 1909
\n\u015fehit edilen Hasan Fehmi\u2019den sonra, ikinci
\nBas\u0131n \u015fehidi olmu\u015ftur.
\nOsmanl\u0131 Parlamentosunda 1909 \u00f6\u011flen
\nyeme\u011fi-Pantelis Kosmidis soldan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc
\n41
\nDi\u011fer Rum gazeteleri
\n– Armonia (1866-68) ba\u015fyazar\u0131 Mihail Hurmuzis (Triantafilos
\nHurmuzios).
\n– Zebur (Ar\u0131,1866-67) Karamanl\u0131ca ba\u015fyazar\u0131 Kayserili Anesti
\nEftihiadis.
\n– Eptalofos (Yedi tepe,1863-69) Ioannis Raptarhis taraf\u0131ndan
\n\u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. 1873 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Konstantinopolis ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131 ve 1876
\ny\u0131l\u0131nda Thraki (Trakya) ad\u0131 ile yay\u0131n\u0131na devam etti. Me\u015fhur yazarlar\u0131
\naras\u0131nda T. Yorgiadis, Konstantin Plithonidis, Germanos Mihailidis,
\nYeorgios Ksanthopoulos, Manuil Gedeon, Odiseas \u0130alemos,
\nVlasis Gavriilidis ve Panayiotis Toma yer al\u0131r. 1880 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir ara
\nyasaklanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen ileriki y\u0131llarda yay\u0131n\u0131na yine devam
\netmi\u015ftir.
\n-O Theatis (Seyirci) yay\u0131n\u0131na 1869 y\u0131l\u0131nda Frans\u0131zca \u00f6gretmeni olan
\nNikolaos Destuniani y\u00f6netmenli\u011finde ba\u015flad\u0131 . Yay\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 1876 y\u0131l\u0131na
\nkadar Manuil Gedeon ve Tanos Vasilaros y\u00f6netmenli\u011finde devam
\nettirdi .
\nHeybeliada Rum Ticaret Akademisi (1831-1914)
\n42
\nDi\u011fer Rum gazeteleri
\n-\u201cKonstantinupolis\u201d gazetesi 1870 y\u0131l\u0131nda iki sene s\u00fcre ile
\nKonstantin Plithonidis taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n– \u201c\u0130 Metaritmisis\u201d(Reform) gazetesinin yay\u0131n\u0131 1876 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Haziran
\nay\u0131nda, haftada 6 kez olarak ba\u015flar. Ba\u015fyazar\u0131 Vlasios Gavriilidisin
\n1877 y\u0131l\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmesinden sonra gazetenin yay\u0131n\u0131 sona
\nerer. Gavriilidis Yunanistanda modern gazetecili\u011fin kurucusu olarak
\ntan\u0131n\u0131r.
\n– \u201cProia\u201d (Sabah) gazetesini Evangelos Papadopulos 1875 y\u0131l\u0131nda
\n\u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Devrin entelekt\u00fcelerinden \u015eemsettin Sami Efendi
\ngazetenin ba\u015fyazar\u0131 idi. Gazete 1882 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mihran Efendi
\ntaraf\u0131ndan sat\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131. Bu gazete , Frans\u0131z Mo\u0131nteur Or\u0131ental ve
\n\u0130ngiliz Levant Herald gazetelerinden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 makalelerin terc\u00fcmesini
\nyay\u0131nl\u0131yordu. Gazetenin yazarlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda H\u00fcseyin Yal\u00e7\u0131n , Cavit
\nbey, Adnan Ad\u0131var, Ata bey, Hamit Vehbi, Ahmet Emin Yalman, Arif
\nCemil, Enis Tahsin T\u0131l ve Cahit Yal\u00e7\u0131n bulunmaktad\u0131r.
\n43
\nDi\u011fer Rum Gazeteleri
\n– Kilise Rev\u00fcs\u00fc – \u0395\u03ba\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 (1871-1879)
\n– Trompet \u2013 \u03a3\u03ac\u03bb\u03c0\u03b9\u03be (1874 mizah),
\n– Rev\u00fc \u2013 \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 (1875),
\n– Devir \u2013 \u0395\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae (1875),
\n– Ger\u00e7ek -\u0391\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 (1875),
\n– Sabah- \u03a0\u03c1\u03c9\u03af\u03b1 (1876-77)
\n– Cumartesi Rev\u00fcs\u00fc-\u03a3\u03b1\u03b2\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 (1876-78),
\n– G\u00fcnl\u00fck Rev\u00fc-\u0397\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 (1879),
\n– Sak\u0131z Rev\u00fcs\u00fc – \u03a7\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 (1880-84),
\n– Yeni Rev\u00fc -\u039d\u03ad\u03b1 \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 (1890-96),
\n– Yeni Gazete-\u039d\u03ad\u03b1 \u0395\u03c6\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 (1896-1908),
\n– Postac\u0131 -\u03a4\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 (1898-1913),
\n– Le Phare de Bosphore (1870-1890),
\n– La Polichinelle-L\u2019echo de Pera.
\n– Haberci (Karamanl\u0131ca harfli) \u2013 \u0391\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 (05\/01\/1889-
\n27\/02\/1890)
\n26 Temmuz 1908 II Me\u015frutiyetin ilan\u0131ndan sonra Taksim Mitingi 44
\n\u0397 \u0395\u03c6\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03bf \u039d\u03b5\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2
\nNeologos Gazetesi
\nNEOLOGOS (Yeni S\u00f6z) 19\u2019ncu asr\u0131n sonunda ve 20\u2019nc\u0131 asr\u0131n
\nba\u015f\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019da yay\u0131nlanan en \u00f6nemli ve en uzun ya\u015fam s\u00fcresi
\nolan Rumca bir gazetedir. Yay\u0131n\u0131na A\u011fustos 1866 da g\u00fcnl\u00fck gazete
\nolarak ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f daha sonra ise haftada 3 kere yay\u0131nlanmaya devam
\netmi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda haftal\u0131k \u00f6zel yay\u0131nlar da yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (1891-
\n1894). Nisan 1897\u2019de Osmanl\u0131-Yunan sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131 ile
\n\u0130stanbuldaki yay\u0131n\u0131na ara vermi\u015f ve yay\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 Atina\u2019da 1902 y\u0131l\u0131na
\nkadar s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u0130kinci Me\u015frutiyet d\u00f6neminde, 1922 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar
\nolan s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019da yeniden yay\u0131nlanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nNeologos yay\u0131n s\u00fcresinde ba\u015fka isimler de kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Zamanlar\u0131n
\nNeologos\u2019u, \u015eim\u015fek – Neologos.
\nNeologos\u2019un kendi tan\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re amac\u0131 \u201cRum Cemaatinin gerek
\nentelekt\u00fcel ve gerekse moral bak\u0131m\u0131dan y\u00fckseltilmesi, do\u011fru
\nhaberleri yayarak kamu oyunun moral seviyesinin y\u00fckseltilmesi ve
\nCemaatimizin yanl\u0131\u015f fikirlerden korunmas\u0131d\u0131r \u201d.
\n45
\n\u039d\u03b5\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 – Yeni S\u00f6z (Neologos)
\n\u0130stanbulun \u00f6nemli \u015fahsiyetleri aras\u0131nda olan ve
\nRum cemmati dahilinde geni\u015f \u00e7apta siyasi ve
\nsosyal etkinlikleri ile tan\u0131nan Stavros Vutiras,
\n\u201cNeologos\u201d gazetesinin kurucusu ve ba\u015f
\nyazar\u0131d\u0131r. Yorgo Vafiadis, Yani Vretos ve K.
\nLazaridis ile birlikte uzun y\u0131llar boyu Neologos
\nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1841 y\u0131ll\u0131nda \u00c7engelk\u00f6y\u2019de do\u011fdu ve
\nFener Rum Mekteb-i Kebriden mezun oldu.
\nEdirnekap\u0131 Rum okulunda \u00f6\u011fretmen olarak
\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 (1859). Gazeteceli\u011fe 1862 y\u0131ll\u0131nda
\nba\u015flad\u0131. Bir \u00e7ok gazetede \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra 1866
\ny\u0131ll\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019un en modern gazetesi olan
\nNeologos\u2019un yay\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7in u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131 ve kendisini
\nbuna adad\u0131. E\u011fitim ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr konular\u0131nda bir \u00e7ok insiyatif ald\u0131 ve
\n\u00f6nemli katk\u0131larda bulundu. II nci Me\u015frutiyet devrinde aktif olarak
\nsiyasete at\u0131ld\u0131. \u00c7ok zengin yazar eseri bulunmaktad\u0131r. 1923 y\u0131ll\u0131nda
\nAtina\u2019da vefat etti.
\nNeologos gazetesi, 19ncu asr\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda sosyal, ekonomik ve
\nk\u00fclt\u00fcr alanlar\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011funda \u00f6nc\u00fc r\u00f6l\u00fc olan Rum
\ncemaatinin en \u00f6nemli yay\u0131n organ\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Neologos gazetesinin
\nmerkezi politikas\u0131 \u00e7ok uluslu Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda b\u00fct\u00fcn
\nmilletlerin anayasal e\u015fit haklar\u0131n\u0131n Bat\u0131 ve ademi merkeziye
\nprensiplerinine uygun bir \u015fekilde kuvvetlenmesi ve geli\u015fmesi idi.
\nAyn\u0131 zamanda Rum unsurunun seviyesinin y\u00fckseltilmesi ve \u00e7ok
\nuluslu Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu b\u00fcnyesinde sosyal ve ekonomik
\ng\u00fc\u00e7lenmesinin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcstlenmesi idi. Ancak bu siyasi strateji
\nBulgar ve Arnavut milliye\u00e7ili\u011fi ak\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesi ile zay\u0131flad\u0131.
\nNeologos, devrin en modern organizasyonuna sahip idi. Hatta bir
\n\u00e7ok sava\u015f alanlar\u0131na muhabirler bile g\u00f6nderiyordu.
\nStavros Vutiras*
\n*A.Andreopulos, Osmanl\u0131
\nRumlar\u0131 ve \u015eark Sorunu,
\nYay\u0131n: Tsukatos ve
\n\u0130stanbullu Rumlar\u0131n Yeni
\n\u00c7evresi, Atina-2007.
\n46
\nOsmanl\u0131-Rus 93 Harbi (1877-78)
\nPlevne Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n bas\u0131nda tasviri
\nNeologos gazetesinde en s\u0131k
\ng\u00f6r\u00fclen yay\u0131nlar Avrupa ve \u00f6b\u00fcr
\nOsmanl\u0131 gazetelerinden al\u0131nan ve
\nkayna\u011f\u0131 belirtilen haberler ve
\nmakalelerdir. Bu y\u00f6ntemle okuyuculara
\nde\u011fi\u015fik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler sunulmakta
\nve bir \u00e7ok geli\u015fmeler hakk\u0131nda
\nbilgiler verilmektedir.
\n\u00d6rnek olarak 1877-78 Osmanl\u0131
\nRus sava\u015f\u0131 sonunda toplanan
\nBerlin kongresi hakk\u0131nda verilen
\nhaberler \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.
\nKongre kararlar\u0131n\u0131n herhangi
\nmoral, mant\u0131k ve siyasi prensiplerden
\nyoksun oldu\u011fu Neologos\u2019un
\n10 Temmuz 1878 n\u00fcshas\u0131nda
\na\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yaz\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131
\n\u0130mparatorulu\u011funun Avrupa
\ntopraklar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n Rus
\netkisi alt\u0131nda bulunan yeni Bulgarlara
\nverilmesi k\u0131nan-makta ve
\nbillhasa K\u0131br\u0131s y\u00f6netiminin bir
\ndiplomatik darbe ile \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye
\nverilmesinin utan\u0131lacak bir tutum
\noldu\u011fu yaz\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Kongrenin
\nkararlar\u0131 yeni sava\u015flara yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131ndan
\nhi\u00e7 kimsenin \u015f\u00fcphesi
\nPlevne Kahraman\u0131 Osman Pa\u015fa olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. 47
\nM\u00fck\u0101f\u0101t (\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae)
\nMa\u2018arifet, 24 \u015eevv\u0101l 1315 \/ 5
\nMart 1314 (17.03.1898) \u1e24\u00fcsn-i
\nibtid\u0101 Yay\u0131nc\u0131 Bayan Theodosia
\n\u00f6ns\u00f6z\u00fc:
\nYeni gazetenin yay\u0131na ba\u015fla-mas\u0131
\nile ilgili \u00fclkenin medenile\u015fmesi ve
\nilerlemesi i\u00e7in \u00f6neriler verilmektedir.
\nOsmanl\u0131 bas\u0131n\u0131 da Avrupa
\nbas\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n yolunda y\u00fcr\u00fcmektedir.
\nYay\u0131nc\u0131 te\u015fekk\u00fcrleri ile beraber
\nokurlara ba\u015fyazar\u0131 takdim ederek
\nhaftal\u0131k mecmuan\u0131n edebiyat ve
\nbilim konular\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fleyece\u011fini bildirmektedir.
\nAyn\u0131 zamanda gazetenin
\nFrans\u0131zca versiyonun \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r
\n(\u00f6n s\u00f6zde kullan\u0131lan
\nOsmanl\u0131 metni \u00f6rnek olacak
\nseviyededir).
\n48
\nBas\u0131n ve Reklamc\u0131l\u0131k
\nDevrin Rum Gazeteleri yay\u0131nlad\u0131klar\u0131 reklamlarla
\n\u0130stanbul\u2019un ekonomik faaliyetlerini yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r.
\nA\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u201cKonstantinopolis\u201d gazetesinde bir reklam
\nsayfas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.
\n49
\nOSMANLI GENEL S\u0130GORTA
\n\u015e\u0130RKET\u0130 – 15 A\u011fustos 1822 y\u0131l\u0131nda
\nkararname neticesi kuruldu
\n20 \u015eeref 1310- \u0130STANBUL YEN\u0130
\nCAM\u0130 AVLUSU \u015eUBES\u0130 –
\n\u015eEYH\u00dcL\u0130SLAM HAN BAH\u00c7EKAPI
\nNO 10- SADIK ve ROD\u0130T\u0130-
\nBAKIRK\u00d6Y \u015eUBES\u0130 \u0130STASYON
\nCADDES\u0130
\nD.AGEL\u0130D\u0130S
\nSALEP\u00c7\u0130 MAST\u0130HA DUZ\u0130KOLARI (RAKI) Sahibi B. ALAFOY\u0130ANN\u0130S
\nD. ZAMB\u0130KOS-Birinci s\u0131n\u0131f \u00fcz\u00fcmden bir , Yar\u0131m okal\u0131k ve 100 graml\u0131k
\netiketinde SALEP\u00c7\u0130 yaz\u0131l\u0131 m\u00fch\u00fcrlenmi\u015f imzal\u0131 \u015fi\u015felere doldurulan
\ni\u00e7kilerimiz Doktor Zanni taraf\u0131ndan test edilmi\u015ftir
\nS\u0130N\u0130R KUVVETLEND\u0130R\u0130C\u0130 LAZAR\u0130DU
\nB\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 SINIF ECZACI-Bordo kentinde
\n1904 y\u0131l\u0131nda alt\u0131n ve uluslararas\u0131 Atina
\nFuar\u0131nda g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f \u00f6d\u00fcl alan, y\u00fcksek
\nsa\u011fl\u0131k kurulunun onaylad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu ila\u00e7
\nKad\u0131nlar ve Erkekler i\u00e7in Sinir
\nhastal\u0131klar\u0131na\u2026. Lazaridi eczanesinde ve
\nba\u015fkentin t\u00fcm Eczanelerinde bulunur
\nBeyo\u011flu cad no 271 Galatasaray yan\u0131
\n\u0130la\u00e7 fiyat\u0131 12 kuru\u015f
\n50
\nRum Mecmualar Bas\u0131n\u0131
\nRum g\u00fcnl\u00fck gazetelerine benzer
\nzenginlik g\u00f6steren, periodik yay\u0131n
\nyapan Rumca mecmualar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131
\nolduk\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bu mecmualar\u0131n
\nen \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelli\u011fi \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli\u011fi, \u015fekli
\nve konular\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Bu \u00f6zellik Rum
\ntoplumunun k\u00fclt\u00fcrel a\u00e7\u0131dan y\u00fcksek
\nseviyesini g\u00f6stermektedir. Yay\u0131nc\u0131lar
\nve gazetecilerden ba\u015fka bir \u00e7ok e\u011fitimi
\ndestekliyen cemiyet ve dernekler
\nmecmua yay\u0131nl\u0131yordu. Bunlar\u0131n en
\n\u00f6nemlisi \u0130stanbul Rum Edebiyat Cemiyetinin
\nyay\u0131nlar\u0131 idi. Bu Cemiyetin
\nseviyesi Bat\u0131 \u00fclkelerinde Bilim Akademileri
\nile k\u0131yaslanabilir.
\nBeyo\u011flu Top\u00e7ular soka\u011f\u0131nda
\nbulunan \u0130stanbul Rum
\nEdebiyat Cemiyetinin Merkez
\nBinas\u0131 (1964 y\u0131l\u0131nda
\ny\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r).
\n51
\nG\u00fclistan
\nG\u00fclist\u0101n, \u1e24az\u012br\u0101n 1326 (\u0399\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2\/\u0399\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 1910)
\n\u00c7i\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik ve Bah\u00e7\u0131vanl\u0131k i\u00e7eren ayl\u0131k dergi
\nkurucusu Stratis Sapuncakis
\n\u0130stanbul Rum \u00c7ocuk Kitaplar\u0131*:
\n– \u00c7ocuk D\u00fcnyas\u0131 -\u03a0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u039a\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 (1898-1908)
\n– Deniz Feneri \u2013 \u03a6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 (1909-1912) = Ar\u0131-\u039c\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1 (1912)
\n*\u0396\u03b1\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b1 \u039a\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac , \u00ab\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2\u00bb
\n(1898-1905,), \u0395\u03ba\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2: \u039a\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac, \u0396\u03b1\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b1 \u03a7.(2011), [Zaharula Karava, \u201c\u0130stanbul \u00c7ocuk ve Gen\u00e7leri
\ni\u00e7in mecmua\u201d,(1898-1905),Zaharula Karava yay\u0131nlar\u0131(2011) ,Atina]
\nZapyon Akademisinde 1896 y\u0131ll\u0131nda eli\u015fleri dersi
\n52
\n\u0397 \u0395\u03ba\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0391\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1
\nKilisenin Hakikati
\nEk\u00fcmenik (Evrensel) Patrikhane,
\nIII \u0130oakimin ilk Patriklik y\u0131llar\u0131
\nolan 1880 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cKilisenin
\nHakikati\u201d ad\u0131 ile bir dergi ne\u015fretmeye
\nba\u015flad\u0131. Dergi Ruhanilerden
\nolu\u015fan bir kurul taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netiliyordu.
\nO d\u00f6nemde, Fener Rum
\nPatrikhanesinin birinci derece Bakanl\u0131k
\nseviyesinde olmas\u0131 sebebi
\nile, dergi Osmanl\u0131 devleti ile Kilise
\naras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkileri kapsamak arzusunda
\nidi. Osmanl\u0131 devrinde,
\nPatrikhanenin Rum Toplumunun
\nt\u00fcm medeni hukuk konular\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcstlenmi\u015f
\nolmas\u0131 nedeni ile dergide
\nyay\u0131nlanan bir \u00e7ok makalenin
\nkonusu aile ve miras sorunlar\u0131 ile
\nalakal\u0131 idi. Ba\u015fyazarlar\u0131 s\u0131ra ile
\nMinas Hamudopulos, Manuil Gedeon,
\nVasilios Yeorgiadis, \u0130lias
\nTantalidis, Yeorgios Dorizas, Grigorios
\nKonstantinidis ve Petros
\nPurnarast\u0131r.
\nDergi 1922 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 durdurmu\u015ftur.
\n53
\nKilisenin Ger\u00e7e\u011fi – \u0130lk iki Ba\u015fyazar\u0131
\nMinas Hamudopulos (d.1843) \u0130zm ir\u2019e yak\u0131n
\nUrla kasabas\u0131nda do\u011fdu. \u0130zmir\u2019de Rum
\nEvangeliki (\u0130ncil) Okulundan mezun oldu.
\nKarde\u015fi ile 1870-79 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u0130zmir\u2019de
\nProodos-\u0130lerleme (\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2)-Anadolu Halklar\u0131
\ngazetesini yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Birinci Osmanl\u0131
\nMeclisi Mebusan\u0131 \u00fcyesi oldu (1877-78).
\n\u0130stanbul\u2019a 1880 y\u0131ll\u0131nda yerle\u015fti ve 1882-
\n1885 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Kilisenin Hakikat\u0131
\ndergisinin ba\u015fyazar\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rev ald\u0131.
\nOsmanl\u0131 Atina El\u00e7ili\u011finde birinci sekreter
\nolarak 1885-1897 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve
\ndaha sonra 1908 y\u0131ll\u0131na kadar Diyarbak\u0131r
\nmutasaraf\u0131 g\u00f6revini \u00fcstlendi. Kas\u0131m 1908
\ny\u0131ll\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019da vefat etti. \u00c7ok zengin
\nyay\u0131n eseri vard\u0131r.
\nManouil Gedeon (d.1851) Bizans ve
\nEk\u00fcmenik Patrikhane tarihini derin bir
\n\u015fekilde bilen bilginlerdendir. Fener
\nMekteb-i Kebir den mezun olup gazeteci
\nolarak bir \u00e7ok \u0130stanbul Rum gazetelerinde
\nyazar olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u0131sa zamanda
\nkendisini tarihi ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara adam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu
\n\u00f6zeli\u011fi ile Kilisenin Ger\u00e7e\u011fi dergisinin ba\u015f
\nyazar\u0131 olarak geni\u015f \u00e7apta makaleler
\nyay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1897 Patrikhanenin y\u00fcksek
\nar\u015fivcisi \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. Atina\u2019ya 1921 y\u0131l\u0131nda
\ng\u00f6\u00e7 etti ve kendisinin kurdu\u011fu orta\u00e7a\u011f
\nyaz\u0131lar\u0131 cemiyetinin y\u00f6netim kurulunda
\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1926 y\u0131ll\u0131nda vefat etmi\u015ftir. 54
\n\u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 – Siyasi G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f
\n18 Eyl\u00fcl 1911 – NEDEN : Kolera salg\u0131n\u0131 ve a\u00e7l\u0131k tehlikesi Osmanl\u0131
\n\u0130mparatorlu\u011fu vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 din ay\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6zetmeden k\u0131rmaya
\ndevam ediyor. Vatan\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6relerinde patlak veren i\u00e7
\nsava\u015flarda, sivil, asker, isyanc\u0131, devrimci hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybediyor.
\nVatanda\u015flara hem soyguncular hem de iktidar temsilcileri i\u015fkence
\nediyor. Durum gittik\u00e7e k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fiyor. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n e\u011fitiminin
\nilerlemesi i\u00e7in hi\u00e7 bir h\u00fck\u00fcm al\u0131nmazken Hristiyanlar\u0131n e\u011fitimi ile
\nde sava\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor .
\n\u00dclkenin zenginlikleri de\u011ferlendirilmiyor aksine s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in
\nyabanc\u0131lara teslim ediliyor… Bu durum e\u011fer devam ederse
\n\u0130mparatorlu\u011fa ait uluslar\u201c geli\u015fmemize mani olmayacak
\ndevletlere neden ait olmayal\u0131m\u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine kap\u0131lacak. T\u00fcrkler
\nde \u201cEgemen oldu\u011fumuz i\u00e7in herkesin bizden \u015fikayet\u00e7i oldu\u011fu,
\nbizlerin memnun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, sadece Ba\u015fkentin etraf\u0131ndaki kurnaz
\nki\u015filerin refah i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir devleti ne yapal\u0131m d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine\u201d
\nkap\u0131lacak. Devlet b\u00f6l\u00fcnme tehlikesi ile kar\u015f\u0131kar\u015f\u0131ya. Neden?
\n\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bizi y\u00f6netenler refah ve keyiflerinden vazge\u00e7mek
\nistemiyor.
\n55
\n\u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2- Siyasi G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f
\n\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc t\u00fcm Avrupan\u0131n hi\u00e7 bir devletinde
\negemen olan ve egemenlik alt\u0131nda
\nolanlar diye bir \u015fey yok. Bizi y\u00f6netenler
\nbu durumu muhafaza edebileceklerini
\nzannediyorlar.
\nUla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n s\u00fcratle geli\u015fti\u011fi, T\u00fcrkiyeyi
\nAvrupan\u0131n mahallesi haline getirdi\u011fi bir
\nd\u00f6nemde bizi y\u00f6netenler \u201cGecelikleri\u201d
\nile sokakta dola\u015fmaya devam edemez
\n… Bu talihsiz devleti neden dar g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc
\nbir oligar\u015fi y\u00f6netiyor ?
\n18 Eyl\u00fcl 1911: Gitmeyiniz !
\nBu makale askerlikten ka\u00e7mak i\u00e7i yurt
\nd\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kan Hristiyan gen\u00e7lere hitap
\netmek amac\u0131 ile yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r :
\n\u201c..Askerlik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na gelen Hristiyan gen\u00e7lerin asker ka\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6\u00e7
\netmelerinin ger\u00e7ek nedenlerini biliyoruz\u201d. T\u00fcm Hristiyan aleminin
\nbas\u0131n\u0131 askeri yoklamalarla ilgili eksikleri ve \u015fikayetleri dile
\ngetiriyor. Bilinen nedenleri mecliste dile getiren Hristiyan
\nmilletvekileri devletten a\u00e7\u0131klama ve h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yanl\u0131\u015flar\u0131n
\nd\u00fczeltilmesini istemek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ..Hristiyanlar\u0131n askerli\u011fe
\ngitmesi Osmanl\u0131 devletinin anayasal sisteminin ayr\u0131lmaz bir
\npar\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. D\u0131\u015fa a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n en canl\u0131 ve g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr niteli\u011fini te\u015fkil
\neder. Var olmas\u0131n\u0131 korumas\u0131n\u0131n en g\u00fcvenilir temellerinden biridir.
\n56
\n\u03a4\u03b1 \u0394\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0395\u03b8\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd – Milletlerin Haklar\u0131
\nSon iki gazetenin ismi ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z
\ng\u00fcnlere tezat te\u015fkil ediyor. Bu
\ngazetelerin misyonunun kesintiye
\nu\u011framas\u0131 do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in yerine
\nhaftal\u0131k \u201cMilletlerin Haklar\u0131\u201d (Ta Dikea
\nton Ethnon) gazetesi yay\u0131nlanacak.
\n8 Ocak 1912 – \u201cElefterotipia\u201d
\n(Bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc) gazetesinin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131
\n– Yetkililer gazetenin
\nhangi makalesinin sak\u0131ncal\u0131 oldu\u011funu
\na\u00e7\u0131klamadan ve hi\u00e7 bir
\ngerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stermeden gazeteyi kapatt\u0131.
\nPolitiki Epiteorisis gazetesinin
\nkapat\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra ona karde\u015f
\n\u201c\u0130sopolitia\u201d (yasalar \u00f6n\u00fcnde e\u015fitlik)
\ngazetesi ve \u201cElefterotipia\u201dde kapat\u0131ld\u0131.
\n57
\n\u1e24o\u1e33\u1e33ab\u0101z, 13 Eyl\u00fcl 1324 (26.09.1908)
\nM\u00fcd\u00fcr, bir ak\u015fam yay\u0131nlanan gazetelerin \u00e7ok olmas\u0131na
\nve yenilerinin mantar gibi artmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen sigara
\ndumanlar\u0131 ile dolu olan bir odan\u0131n i\u00e7inde yeni bir gazete
\n\u00e7\u0131karma karar\u0131 al\u0131r. Yeni gazetenin \u00f6zelli\u011fi sosyal
\nkonular\u0131 ele al\u0131p \u00f6nyarg\u0131lardan ar\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. E\u011fer
\ncahili\u011fe biraz da olsa \u0131\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6kebilirse bir sihirbaz yani
\nhokkabaz olacakt\u0131.
\n58
\n\u039f \u0395\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 ( Er\u011fatis ) \u0130\u015f\u00e7i
\n25 Temmuz 1910- T\u00fcrkiyede i\u015f\u00e7iler de\u011fi\u015fik din ve uluslara aittir
\nve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015fte \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. Patronlar buna dayan\u0131p i\u015f\u00e7i haklar\u0131n\u0131
\nzarara sokar. \u0130\u015fverenler, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin aras\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k sa\u00e7mak i\u00e7in
\nRumlar veya Ermenilere, Musevilerle birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131n veya
\nT\u00fcrklere \u201cgavurlarla\u201c birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131n der. Patronlar bu
\ns\u00f6ylemlerle i\u015f\u00e7ilere a\u00e7l\u0131k ve fakirlik nedenlerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrecek
\nzaman\u0131 b\u0131rakmaz daha kolay boyunduruklar\u0131 alt\u0131nda olmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in
\nbirle\u015fmelerini, birbirlerinden nefret etmelerini ve ayr\u0131
\nkalmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flarlar. Patronlar i\u00e7in millet ay\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 yoktur. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerle
\nm\u00fccadele etmek istedikleri zaman derhal birle\u015firler….\u0130\u015f\u00e7iler biraz
\nd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnseler, din veya millet ay\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kalkmas\u0131
\ndurumunda karde\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6receklerdir. B\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015f\u00e7iler i\u015f\u00e7i
\ns\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na aittir. T\u00fcrk, Ermeni, Rum, Musevi i\u015f\u00e7ileri elele verip
\nmesle\u011finizin sosyalist sendikalar\u0131nda birle\u015fin ……..
\n25 Temmuz 1910: Boykotaj devam
\nediyor – Yunanistan\u2019dan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye
\n7.116.473 frankl\u0131k \u00fcr\u00fcnler ihra\u00e7 ediliyor.
\nT\u00fcrkiye Yunanistana 14.008.468
\nfrankl\u0131k \u00fcr\u00fcnler ihra\u00e7 ediliyor. Yani
\nbunlar Boykotaj\u0131n devam etmesi ile
\nkayboluyor. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerinin midesini bo\u015faltan
\nMilliyet\u00e7ilik kazan\u0131yor. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin,
\ns\u00f6zde vatansever ge\u00e7inenlerin, s\u00f6zde
\nmilliyet\u00e7ilik duygular\u0131n\u0131 sadece kendilerinden
\nistifade etmek i\u00e7in kulan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131
\nanlayana kadar. 59
\nSosyalist Ergatis- \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Gazetesi
\nBu Anayasa ile T\u00fcrkiye medeni uluslar\u0131n seviyesine y\u00fckseliyor. D\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7ler ki
\nbunlar\u0131 Avrupa ve Balkan \u00fclkeleri olarak saptayal\u0131m T\u00fcrkiyeye rahat
\nvermemekte ve geli\u015fmesini \u00f6nlemektedir. T\u00fcm ayd\u0131n ki\u015filer J\u00f6n T\u00fcrklerin
\nisyan\u0131 ile Do\u011fu sorununun bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015faca\u011f\u0131na inanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bundan
\ndolay\u0131 Avrupan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn liberal partileri ve \u00f6zelikle sosyalistler J\u00f6n T\u00fcrklerin
\nreformlar\u0131na destek verdi ve d\u0131\u015f sabotajlardan onlar\u0131 korudu.
\nAvrupada bu ortam tersine d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Bundan anayasan\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in
\n\u00e7aba g\u00f6stermeyen J\u00f6n T\u00fcrkler sorumludur. Milliyet\u00e7i hislerin sarho\u015flu\u011fu
\ni\u00e7inde y\u00f6n de\u011fi\u015ftirdiler. Megaloideadan korktuklar\u0131 i\u00e7in Rumlara kar\u015f\u0131 cephe
\nald\u0131lar. Lakin di\u011fer milletleri T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirmek d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi kendi a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan bir
\nMegaloidea de\u011filmidir? J\u00f6n T\u00fcrklerin Milliyet\u00e7i siyaseti Rum ve Bulgarlar\u0131
\nyabanc\u0131lardan koruma isteyecek derecede korkuttu. Avrupa kapitalizmi
\nT\u00fcrkiyeye m\u00fcdahale etmek i\u00e7in bu tip f\u0131rsatlar\u0131 kolluyor. J\u00f6n T\u00fcrklerin
\nuygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Milliyet\u00e7ilik siyasetinin y\u00f6n\u00fc budur. T\u00fcrkiye halklar\u0131n\u0131n anayasal
\nhaklar\u0131na sayg\u0131 g\u00f6stermek en do\u011frusu olacakt\u0131. Halk\u0131, Anayasay\u0131 korumas\u0131
\ni\u00e7in e\u011fitmesi gerekirdi. T\u00fcrk halk\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesine mani olan engelleri men
\netmeli ve Avrupan\u0131n liberal d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerine do\u011fru geli\u015fmesini sa\u011flamal\u0131d\u0131rlar .
\n25 Temmuz 1910: Er\u011fatis gazetesinin ilk n\u00fcshas\u0131
\n1000 adet bas\u0131ld\u0131. Bunlar\u0131n 200 \u00fc vilayetlere ve yurt
\nd\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6nderildi. Arta kalan 800 adeti \u0130stanbulda
\nsat\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130kinci n\u00fcsha 1000 adet sat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu \u015fekilde
\ndevam edersek ayda iki defay\u0131 a\u015far masraflar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131
\n\u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r\u0131z .
\n8 \u0391\u011fustos1910: Anayasa ve J\u00f6n T\u00fcrkler -Anayasan\u0131n
\ni\u015f\u00e7ileri h\u00fcr b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve menfaatleri do\u011frultusunda
\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na mani olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u015f\u00e7ilerin i\u015fine
\ngeldi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftik. Maalesef vakit ilerledik\u00e7e
\nAnayasa ve bu Anayasa ile birlikte b\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiyenin
\ntehlikeye girdi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz ….
\n60
\nSosyalist Ergatis \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Gazetesi
\n8 A\u011fustos 1910
\n\u00c7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131z: Fenerdeki Bomonti fabrikas\u0131nda 10 ile 12 ya\u015flar\u0131
\naras\u0131nda 40 -50 \u00e7ocuk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Sabah saat 6.00da i\u015f ba\u015f\u0131 yapar,
\nak\u015fam saat19.00 kadar \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. \u00d6\u011flen i\u00e7in bir saat yemek molas\u0131
\nverilir . \u00c7o\u011fu kez gece mesaisine de kal\u0131rlar .\u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 mekanda
\nk\u00f6pekler bile bar\u0131namaz. B\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcn karanl\u0131k bir odada , k\u0131r\u0131k
\n\u015fi\u015felerin aras\u0131nda cam par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n kendilerini k\u00f6r etme tehlikesi
\ni\u00e7inde bira sular\u0131na batm\u0131\u015f bir vaziyette \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar …
\nKrediler: Yunanistan 1896 y\u0131l\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar olan s\u00fcre
\nzarf\u0131nda d\u0131\u015f \u00fclkelerden be\u015f kez bor\u00e7 ald\u0131 Toplam 380.000.000 frank .
\nMaliye bakan\u0131 Cavit Bey Paris bankalar\u0131ndan 4 %. Faiz ile 150.000.000
\nfranka ula\u015fan yeni krediler kapatt\u0131. Krediyi alabilmek i\u00e7in \u0130stanbul
\nliman\u0131n\u0131n gelirleri ipotek edildi. Yunanistan ve T\u00fcrkiye bu milyonlar\u0131
\nsilah almak ve gemi filolar\u0131 yapmak i\u00e7in harcayacak. Avrupa
\nkapitalistlerinin ceplerini dolduracak olan bu krediler Anadolunun
\nfakir halk\u0131n\u0131n ve Tesalyada k\u00f6le gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan tar\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin
\ns\u0131rt\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kacak.
\nBursada Grev: \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler 1 A\u011fustos ta Bursada bulunan \u0130pek dokuma
\nfabrikas\u0131nda grev ilan etti. Sermaye sahiplerine taham\u00fcl edecek
\ng\u00fc\u00e7leri kalmay\u0131nca daha az \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saati ve daha y\u00fcksek maa\u015f
\nistemeye karar verdiler. 3500 i\u015f\u00e7i 3 A\u011fustos tarihinde g\u00f6steriye
\nkat\u0131ld\u0131. Polis kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tmak istedi ancak ba\u015faramad\u0131 . Sadece
\nyolda\u015f\u0131m\u0131z Setrak Kalaycian\u0131 tutuklamay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. Fabrika sahipleri
\nSetra\u011f\u0131 grevin azmettiricisi olarak su\u00e7lad\u0131 ve Bursadan s\u00fcrg\u00fcn
\nedilmesini istedi. Ba\u015faramad\u0131lar \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc i\u015f\u00e7iler 3000 imza toplayarak
\nValili\u011fe gitti, olaylar\u0131 rapor etti ve Setra\u011f\u0131n vekaleten kendilerini
\ntemsil etti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi .
\n61
\nT\u00fcrkiye Sosyalistler Merkezi Organizasyonu \u2013 5 Eyl\u00fcl 1910
\n\u201c Er\u011fatis \u201c \u0130\u015f\u00e7i art\u0131k T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede de yay\u0131nlanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131 ve etraf\u0131na
\nkendisi ile ayn\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncede olan bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fiyi toplamay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131 .
\nBunca i\u015f\u00e7i sendikam\u0131z aras\u0131nda net i\u015f\u00e7ilere mahsus program\u0131 olan
\nbir tane sendikan\u0131n olmamas\u0131 , yabanc\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerin bizlerle g\u00fclmesine
\nneden oluyor. Ge\u00e7en hafta 400 \u00fcyesi ve i\u015f\u00e7i program\u0131 olan iki sendika
\nkuruldu. Biri \u201cCaket Terzileri \u0130\u015f\u00e7ileri\u201d, di\u011feri \u201c\u015eemsiye \u0130\u015f\u00e7ileri\u201d.
\nGazetemizde kimi Sendikalar\u0131n gerekti\u011fi gibi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feklinde
\nyazd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yaz\u0131lar, di\u011fer sendikalara ait baz\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerin g\u00fcc\u00fcne gidebilir
\n. \u00dcyelerinin e\u011fitimini geli\u015ftirmeye \u00f6zen g\u00f6stermeyen, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131
\nkapitalizmin boyunduru\u011fundan kurtaramayan, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc
\ntasarlamayan sendikalar i\u015f\u00e7i sendikas\u0131 olamaz. Sosyalizm i\u015f\u00e7ilerin
\ntoplumda ayr\u0131 bir s\u0131n\u0131f olu\u015fturdu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Bizlerin
\nsendikalar\u0131nda sermayedar, ta\u015feron ve i\u015f\u00e7iler birlikteler. Bu
\nsendikalar hi\u00e7 bir zaman i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na destek vermez.
\nTart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n nihayetinde sosyalist
\nbir merkezin kurulmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi
\nolgunla\u015ft\u0131 ve yap\u0131lan toplant\u0131lar
\nsonucunda merkez kuruldu, program\u0131
\nhaz\u0131rland\u0131 ve h\u00fck\u00fcmete sunuldu.
\n\u00dclkemizde Sosyalizmin yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131
\nhedefleyen merkeze \u201cT\u00fcrkiye
\nSosyalistler Merkezi Organizasyonu\u201d
\nad\u0131 verildi. \u201cEr\u011fatis\u201d gazetesi bir
\niletim arac\u0131 olarak Merkezin resmi
\nyay\u0131n organ\u0131 oldu. T\u00fcrkiye Sosyalistler
\nMerkezi Organizasyonu, \u201cEr\u011fatis\u201d
\ngazetesinin Rumca haricinde T\u00fcrk\u00e7e
\nlisan\u0131nda da yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131
\nald\u0131.
\n62
\nGenel Sonu\u00e7
\nBu sergide 1830-1914 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019da Rum gazeteci ve edit\u00f6rler taraf\u0131ndan
\nRumca, Osmanl\u0131ca ve Karamanl\u0131ca harfleri ile yay\u0131nlanan gazetelerin niteli\u011fi ve \u00f6zellikleri
\nsunulmaktad\u0131r. Bu gazeteci ve edit\u00f6rlerin bas\u0131n h\u00fcrriyeti ile birlikte Osmanl\u0131
\ntoplumunun ger\u00e7ek anlamda siyasi, ekonomik ve bilim dallar\u0131ndaki \u00e7a\u011fda\u015fla\u015fma
\n\u00e7abalar\u0131na olan \u00f6nemli katk\u0131lar\u0131 da g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.
\nAyn\u0131 zamanda Osmanl\u0131 devlet idari sisteminin anayasal me\u015frutiyet ilkelerinin
\nkabullenmesi istikametinde g\u00f6sterdikleri deste\u011fi de a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde ifade ettiklerini
\ng\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. \u00c7ok yo\u011fun siyasi ve uluslararas\u0131 olaylar\u0131n geli\u015fti\u011fi bu d\u00f6nemde Rum bas\u0131n
\nsekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn etkisi ve bu geli\u015fmelerin, Rum toplumunda nas\u0131l yank\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131, kan\u0131m\u0131zca
\ns\u00f6z\u00fc ge\u00e7en devrin tarihi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli veriler te\u015fkil etmektedir.
\nTe\u015fekk\u00fcrler:
\nSerginin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in de\u011ferli yard\u0131mlar\u0131ndan faydaland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z
\nT\u00dcRK\u0130YE GAZETEC\u0130LER CEM\u0130YET\u0130NE
\n\u0130stanbul Rum gazetelerinin n\u00fcshalar\u0131 i\u00e7in:
\n\u0130stanbul Rum Patrikhanesine
\nYunanistan Parlamentosu K\u00fct\u00fcphanesine
\nHakk\u0131 Tar\u0131k Us Belediye K\u00fct\u00fcphanesine
\nEski \u0130stanbul foto\u011fraflar\u0131 i\u00e7in:
\nHaris Yiakoumis ve Mario Dalezios\u2019a
\nSerginin bas\u0131m i\u015fleri i\u00e7in:
\nPressious A.\u015e\u2019ne Thiva ve Eptalofos A.\u015e\u2019ne, Atina-Yunanistan
\nOsmanl\u0131 metinlerinin terc\u00fcmesi i\u00e7in: Dr. George Liakopulos\u2019a
\nSergi ara\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in Bak\u0131rk\u00f6y Aya Yorgi Rum Vakf\u0131n\u2019a
\nKaynak\u00e7a:
\n– Yunanistan Paralamentosu K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi –
\nhttp:\/\/catalog.parliament.gr\/hipres\/help\/null\/horizon\/digital.pdf
\n– Hasan Refik, \u201cTeodor Kasab ve Hayal\u201d,Hayat Tarih Mec., y\u0131l 10, say\u0131 6,1.6.74,s.24-28.
\n– The Encylop. of Islam,vol.IV,1978,Leiden,p.p.190726,lemma: KA\u015eAB, TEODOR
\n– Tarinas Stratis, \u201d\u0130stanbul Bas\u0131n\u0131n Rum yay\u0131mc\u0131 ve gazetecileri\u201d, Yunan Bas\u0131n\u0131 :1784-
\nG\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze Kadar Konferans\u0131nda sunu\u015f, Atina 23-May\u0131s 2002 (Elence)
\n– Abdul Hamit ve Teodor Kasapis, Embros Gazetesi, n\u00fcsha 40 \u2013 \u0130stanbul, 2 May\u0131s 1909 .
\n– Teodor Kasapis (1835-1897), Gazeteci, Trakya Foklor ve Dil Hazinesi, n\u00fcsha.32 (1966),s.
\n170-182.
\n– \u00c7eviker Turgut,\u201d Geli\u015fim s\u00fcrecinde T\u00fcrk karikat\u00fcr\u00fc\u201d, Adam Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, (\u0130stanbul 1986).
\n– Ko\u00e7u Re\u015fat Ekrem,\u201d Diyojen Gazetesi\u201d, \u0130stanbul Ansiklopedisi, cilt 9, s. 4630-4632,(1968).
\n– Kudret Cevdet, \u201cAbd\u00fclhamit Devrinde Sans\u00fcr\u201d, Milliyet Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 (\u0130stanbul 1977), s\/ 77-80.
\n– Kolo\u011flu Orhan, Osmanl\u0131dan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Bas\u0131n (\u0130stanbul 1992)
\nSERG\u0130Y\u0130 HAZIRLIYANLAR:
\nElisavet Kovi, Grigor Ke\u015fi\u015fo\u011flu ve Niko Uzuno\u011flu
\n63
\nYurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki
\n\u0130stanbullu Rumlar\u0131n Evrensel Federasyonu (\u0130REF)
\n\u0130stanbul d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015famaya mecbur kalan Rumlar\u0131n D\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda kurduklar\u0131 32
\nCemiyeti bir \u00e7at\u0131 alt\u0131na toplayan evrensel bir federasyondur. \u00dcyeleri Avrupa,
\nAvustralya ve Amerika k\u0131talar\u0131nda kurulmu\u015f olan Rum cemiyetlerinden olu\u015fur. 2006
\ny\u0131l\u0131nda 26 cemiyetin ortak karar\u0131 ile kurulmu\u015f olan \u201c\u0130REF\u201d yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fte Birle\u015fmi\u015f
\nMilletler Ekonomi ve Sosyal Komitesi ile Avrupa Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Federasyonuna
\n(FUEN) \u00fcye olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Federasyonun temel ama\u00e7lar\u0131 :
\n\u2022 T\u00fcm \u0130stanbullu Rumlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda dayan\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 sa\u011flamak .
\n\u2022 Uluslararas\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f ve dostlu\u011fun geli\u015fmesine katk\u0131da bulunmak.
\n\u2022 \u0130nsan haklar\u0131n\u0131n savunmas\u0131, geni\u015fletilmesi ve ayn\u0131 zamanda ge\u00e7mi\u015fte haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa
\nu\u011fram\u0131\u015f olan \u0130stanbul Rum cemaatinin, uluslararas\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerden ve T.C.
\nAnayasas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan insan haklar\u0131 ihlallerinin neticelerinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn
\nmertebe giderimi ve d\u00fczeltilmesi ve bunun neticesinde insan haklar\u0131 ihlalleri
\nya\u015fanmadan evvelki konumuna getirilmesi ve istekleri \u00fczerine \u0130stanbul\u2019a d\u00f6nmek
\nisteyenlere destek verilmesi do\u011frultusunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapmak.
\n\u2022 \u0130stanbul Rum k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve geleneklerinin yeni nesillere devr edilmesi ve bu
\nToplumun tarihi k\u00fclt\u00fcr miras\u0131n\u0131n devletler ve uluslararas\u0131 kurumlar taraf\u0131ndan
\ntan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak.
\n\u201c\u0130REF\u201d e \u00fcye cemiyetlerin temsilcileri her 3 y\u0131lda 13 \u00fcyeli y\u00f6netim kurulunu se\u00e7er.
\nT\u00fcz\u00fck ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilmesi i\u00e7in \u201c\u0130REF\u201d etkinliklerini \u015fu alanlarda
\nbelirlemi\u015ftir:
\n\u2022 Yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fayan \u0130stanbul Rum Toplumunun \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren raporlar\u0131n\u0131
\nve \u00f6nerilerini haz\u0131rlayarak T.C. ve yabanc\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetlere sunmak.
\n\u2022 \u0130stanbul Rum e\u011fitim m\u00fcesseselerine geni\u015f \u00e7apta destek vermek (\u00f6\u011frenci
\nburslar\u0131, \u00f6\u011fretim kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 ve \u00fcretimi, e\u011fitim ara\u00e7lar\u0131 vs.).
\n\u2022 \u0130stanbullu Rumlar\u0131n kurdu\u011fu sosyal destek, yard\u0131msever ve fukara perver
\netkinlikler i\u00e7eren cemiyetlere destek vermek.
\n\u2022 \u0130stanbul Rum k\u00fclt\u00fcr miras\u0131n\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde tan\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in sergi, kitap
\nve yay\u0131nlar\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 ve bu ama\u00e7la \u00dcniversite, Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumlar\u0131 ve K\u00fclt\u00fcr
\nkurumlar\u0131 ile i\u015f birli\u011fi projelerini hayata ge\u00e7irmek.
\n64<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

http:\/\/hyetert.blogspot.com\/2012\/10\/istanbul-basn-tarihinde-1830-1914-rum.html<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fayan \u0130stanbullu Rumlar\u0131n Evrensel Federasyonu Ba\u015fkan\u0131\u00a0Prof. Dr. Nikolaos Uzuno\u011flu\u2019nun konu\u015fmas\u0131: \u201cSay\u0131n Patrik Hazretleri ve sayg\u0131de\u011fer kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar,\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 Bu serginin\u00a0 Bas\u0131n M\u00fczesinde, talebimizi sevin\u00e7le kabul ederek a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan,\u00a0 T\u00fcrkiye Gazeteciler Cemiyeti Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Sn. Orhan Erin\u00e7\u2019e, Genel Sekreter Sn. Sibel\u00a0 G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019e ve Y\u00f6netim Kuruluna te\u015fekk\u00fcrlerimizi sunuyoruz. \u00a0Ayr\u0131ca Bas\u0131n M\u00fczesi M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Sn. Saadet Atalay\u2019a ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18884","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-haberler","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0130stanbul Bas\u0131n Tarihinde (1830-1914) Rum Yay\u0131nc\u0131 ve Gazeteciler Sergisi A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f T\u00f6reni - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=18884\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0130stanbul Bas\u0131n Tarihinde (1830-1914) Rum Yay\u0131nc\u0131 ve Gazeteciler Sergisi A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f T\u00f6reni - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fayan \u0130stanbullu Rumlar\u0131n Evrensel Federasyonu Ba\u015fkan\u0131\u00a0Prof. Dr. Nikolaos Uzuno\u011flu\u2019nun konu\u015fmas\u0131: \u201cSay\u0131n Patrik Hazretleri ve sayg\u0131de\u011fer kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar,\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 Bu serginin\u00a0 Bas\u0131n M\u00fczesinde, talebimizi sevin\u00e7le kabul ederek a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan,\u00a0 T\u00fcrkiye Gazeteciler Cemiyeti Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Sn. Orhan Erin\u00e7\u2019e, Genel Sekreter Sn. Sibel\u00a0 G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019e ve Y\u00f6netim Kuruluna te\u015fekk\u00fcrlerimizi sunuyoruz. \u00a0Ayr\u0131ca Bas\u0131n M\u00fczesi M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Sn. 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