{"id":18244,"date":"2012-09-14T02:12:44","date_gmt":"2012-09-14T07:12:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=18244"},"modified":"2012-09-14T02:12:44","modified_gmt":"2012-09-14T07:12:44","slug":"naci-kutlay-ataturkten-kurtlere-telgraf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=18244","title":{"rendered":"Naci Kutlay: Atat\u00fcrk\u2019ten K\u00fcrtlere telgraf"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>Ne\u015fe D\u00fczel<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cKolordu Kumandan\u0131 Nihat Bey\u2019e verdi\u011fi bir telgraf var. O telgrafta Atat\u00fcrk, \u2018K\u00fcrtler ekseriyette olduklar\u0131 vilayetlerde kendilerini y\u00f6netecekler\u2019 diyor. Atat\u00fcrk, K\u00fcrtlere bir t\u00fcr \u00f6zerklik verilmesinden 1924\u2019te vazge\u00e7ti.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0130ttihat-Terakki, M. Kemal ve arkada\u015flar\u0131, K\u00fcrtlere, \u2018Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 bizimle beraber y\u00fcr\u00fctmezseniz, Ermeniler geri gelecek, buralar Ermenistan olacak. Ermenilerden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z mallar\u0131 geri vereceksiniz\u2019 dediler.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c1919\u2019daki Amasya Protokol\u00fc\u2019nde \u2018Sava\u015f biter bitmez K\u00fcrtlerin i\u00e7timai, siyasi ve \u0131rki her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 Giderilecektir\u2019 deniyor. Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn Nutuk\u2019unda bu c\u00fcmle yok. Protokol\u2019deki c\u00fcmleyi halktan saklad\u0131lar.\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>***<\/p>\n

\n

NEDEN NAC\u0130 KUTLAY<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck sorunu K\u00fcrt sorunu. Otuz y\u0131ld\u0131r bitmeyen bir sava\u015f var. Bug\u00fcn otuz ya\u015f\u0131na gelmi\u015f Diyarbak\u0131rl\u0131 bir K\u00fcrt genci \u201csava\u015fs\u0131z\u201d bir d\u00fcnya ve hayat bilmiyor. T\u00fcrkiye otuz y\u0131ld\u0131r K\u00fcrt sava\u015f\u0131yla ya\u015f\u0131yor. Peki, bu sava\u015f\u0131n \u00f6ncesi neydi? Cumhuriyet\u2019in ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda K\u00fcrtlerin durumu nas\u0131ld\u0131? Osmanl\u0131\u2019da K\u00fcrtlerin durumu neydi? K\u00fcrtler hangi \u00fclkelerde, hangi \u015fartlarda, kimlerle ya\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131? K\u00fcrtler bug\u00fcn, ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerde hangi \u015fartlarda ya\u015f\u0131yorlar? Niye T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de sava\u015f \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve sorun bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenemedi? Bu sava\u015f\u0131n, bu sorunun tarih\u00ee arka plan\u0131 nedir? K\u00fcrtler en \u00e7ok kimlerden ihanet g\u00f6rd\u00fc? Cumhuriyet kurulurken K\u00fcrtler ne bekliyordu? Verilen s\u00f6zlerden nas\u0131l cay\u0131ld\u0131? K\u00fcrtler \u015fu anda nas\u0131l bir siyasi yap\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele ediyor? B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131, K\u00fcrt tarihi \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapan ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da kitap yay\u0131mlayan Naci Kutlay\u2019a sorduk. K\u00fcrt\u00e7e roman ve \u00e7evirileri de bulunan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 yazar Naci Kutlay\u2019\u0131n, \u201cK\u00fcrtlerde De\u011fi\u015fim ve Milliyet\u00e7ilik\u201d, \u201c\u0130ttihat-Terakki ve K\u00fcrtler\u201d, \u201cK\u0131rkdokuzlar Dosyas\u0131\u201d ve en son olarak da Dipnot Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kan \u201cK\u00fcrt Kimli\u011finin Olu\u015fum S\u00fcreci\u201d isimli kitaplar\u0131 var.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

NE\u015eE D\u00dcZEL: K\u00fcrtlerin, Suriye\u2019de \u00f6zerk bir y\u00f6netim kurma ihtimalinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla birlikte b\u00f6lgede iki K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n belirmesi herkesin dikkatini Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki K\u00fcrtlerin t\u00fcm\u00fcne \u00e7evrildi. D\u00f6rt \u00fclkeye b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnen K\u00fcrtlerin toplam n\u00fcfusu ne?<\/strong><\/p>\n

NAC\u0130 KUTLAY: \u0130statistikler sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in K\u00fcrtlerin kesin n\u00fcfusu bilinmiyor. Ama toplam K\u00fcrt n\u00fcfusunun 25-30 milyon oldu\u011fu \u00fczerinde anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Hangi \u00fclkelerde ne kadar K\u00fcrt ya\u015f\u0131yor?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Irak\u2019ta yakla\u015f\u0131k alt\u0131 milyon, Suriye\u2019de iki milyon, \u0130ran\u2019da d\u00f6rt milyon kadar K\u00fcrt\u2019\u00fcn ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6yleniyor. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de 18-20 milyon aras\u0131nda K\u00fcrt ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul ediliyor. Bir de Kafkaslar\u2019da bir milyon civar\u0131nda K\u00fcrt n\u00fcfus var. G\u00fcrcistan, Ermenistan, Kazakistan ve Orta Asya cumhuriyetlerinin her birinde birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz bin K\u00fcrt ya\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Irak\u2019ta K\u00fcrtlerin devleti var, Suriye\u2019de yenisi olu\u015fuyor, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki K\u00fcrtlerin durumu malumumuz. Peki, \u0130ran\u2019daki K\u00fcrtlerin durumu ne?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda K\u00fcrtler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u0130ran ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de benzer \u015feyler ya\u015fand\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc modern T\u00fcrkiye kurulurken, \u0130ran modern T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi \u00f6rnek ald\u0131. \u0130ran y\u00f6netimi, modern T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi taklit ederek K\u00fcrtler \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131y\u0131 daha da artt\u0131rd\u0131. Sonu\u00e7ta 1920\u2019li y\u0131llarda, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019dekine oranla daha az olmakla birlikte \u0130ran\u2019da da K\u00fcrtlerin \u00fczerinde bask\u0131 vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcrtlerin bug\u00fcn \u0130ran\u2019da durumu nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00fcrtler \u0130ran\u2019da iki b\u00f6lgede varlar. S\u00fcnni K\u00fcrtler daha \u00e7ok T\u00fcrkiye hududuna yak\u0131n yerlerde ya\u015f\u0131yorlar. \u015eii K\u00fcrtler ise Kirman\u015fah taraflar\u0131ndalar. \u015eii K\u00fcrtler bug\u00fcnk\u00fc d\u00fczenle uyum h\u00e2lindeler. S\u00fcnni K\u00fcrtler ise ge\u00e7mi\u015fte \u015eah\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 Humeyni\u2019yle birlikte hareket ettiler, demokratik bir \u0130ran kurulacak \u00fcmidiyle \u015fahl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 birlikte m\u00fccadele ettiler. Humeyni iktidara geldi\u011finde de \u00f6zerklik talep ettiler. Ama Humeyni S\u00fcnni K\u00fcrtlerin \u00f6zerklik talebini kabul etmedi.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zerklik talebi kabul edilmeyince ne oldu?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130ran ordusuna ve Humeyni rejimine kar\u015f\u0131 K\u00fcrtlerin gerilla sava\u015flar\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131. Abdurrahman Kasumlu liderli\u011findeki \u0130ran K\u00fcrdistan Demokrat Partisi k\u00f6ylerde ve da\u011flarda silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadeleye zaten haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131yd\u0131. Kasumlu, Avrupal\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan da tan\u0131n\u0131yordu ve \u0130ran\u2019daki halklar taraf\u0131ndan sayg\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyordu. Ama \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden \u0130ran istihbarat\u0131 K\u00fcrtlerin liderini Avrupa\u2019da \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc. Humeyni iktidara geldikten sonra Abdurrahman Kasumlu\u2019yu \u0130sve\u00e7\u2019te g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcm ben. Kasumlu ve arkada\u015flar\u0131, \u201cDemokratik bir \u0130ran kural\u0131m. K\u00fcrtlere \u00f6zerklik verilsin\u201d diye Humeyni\u2019ye m\u00fcracaatta bulundular.<\/p>\n

Ne cevap ald\u0131lar?<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00fcr\u00fcst olmak laz\u0131m. Humeyni b\u00fct\u00fcn taleplere evet demedi ama K\u00fcrtleri k\u00fclt\u00fcrel konularda tatmin edecek baz\u0131 \u015feyleri yapmaya niyetlendi. K\u00fcrtlerin kendi okullar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7malar\u0131na, K\u00fcrt\u00e7e dergiler ve gazeteler \u00e7\u0131karmalar\u0131na s\u0131cak bakt\u0131. Ama K\u00fcrtler \u00f6zerklik istediler. O d\u00f6nemde K\u00fcrtler aras\u0131nda devrimci bir dalga vard\u0131. O devrimci dalgan\u0131n etkisiyle k\u00fclt\u00fcrel haklarla iktifa etmediler ve Humeyni\u2019ye evet demediler. K\u00fclt\u00fcrel haklar\u0131 yetersiz buldular. Art\u0131k o d\u00f6nemde Humeyni \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7lenmi\u015fti ve K\u00fcrtlerin \u00f6zerklik talebine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcrtlerin \u0130ran\u2019da bug\u00fcn haklar\u0131, hukuklar\u0131 ne?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130ran\u2019da tabii ki demokrasi sorunu var. Muhalefet eden hapse giriyor ya da idam ediliyor ama… K\u00fcrtlerin haklar\u0131 \u0130ran\u2019da her zaman T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den daha ileride oldu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130ran her zaman \u015funun bilincinde oldu. Sertlikle, yasaklamalarla K\u00fcrt hareketleri bitmez, aksine sorunlar daha artar diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcler ve politikalar\u0131n\u0131 K\u00fcrtleri y\u00f6netebilecek kadar yumu\u015fak bir \u00e7izgide tuttular hep. Bu y\u00fczden \u0130ran\u2019da K\u00fcrt\u00e7e yasa\u011f\u0131 olmad\u0131 ve okullarda K\u00fcrt\u00e7e dersler var, K\u00fcrt\u00e7e dili \u00f6\u011fretiliyor. \u0130ran\u2019da idari olarak de\u011fil ama bir co\u011frafi b\u00f6lge olarak K\u00fcrdistan ismi de kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Hat\u0131rlay\u0131n…<\/p>\n

Neyi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130ran\u2019dan K\u00fcrdistan yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir u\u00e7ak gelmi\u015fti ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ne sorunlar ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Oysa Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de co\u011frafi b\u00f6lge olarak K\u00fcrdistan vilayeti vard\u0131. Hatta Zara- Ko\u00e7giri\u2019nin \u00f6zel bir stat\u00fcs\u00fc, kendine ait bir y\u00f6netimi bile vard\u0131.
\nK\u00fcrtlerin kurdu\u011fu ilk devlet olarak Mahabad Cumhuriyeti\u2019nden s\u00f6z edilir. Neydi Mahabad Cumhuriyeti<\/strong>?<\/p>\n

Mahabad, \u0130ran\u2019da S\u00fcnni K\u00fcrtlerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir b\u00f6lge. Mahabad Cumhuriyeti de, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7inde kal\u0131narak K\u00fcrt b\u00f6lgesinin \u00f6zerkli\u011finin ilan edilmesidir. Yani Mahabad Cumhuriyeti, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z K\u00fcrt devletinin ad\u0131 de\u011fildi. Mahabad, \u00f6zerk K\u00fcrt y\u00f6netiminin ad\u0131yd\u0131 ve Sovyetler\u2019in deste\u011fiyle \u015eah\u2019\u0131n \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemde kuruldu.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcrtlerin ilk cumhuriyeti nas\u0131l kuruldu?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda yeni bir K\u00fcrt milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi do\u011fdu. \u00d6nceki K\u00fcrt milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi a\u011falar\u0131n, beylerin, mollalar\u0131n milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fiydi. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ve ulus-devletlerin getirdi\u011fi modern milliyet\u00e7ilik ise ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n, \u00f6\u011frencilerin, kentlilerin, esnaf\u0131n milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi oldu.<\/p>\n

Devam\u0131: http:\/\/www.taraf.com.tr\/nese-duzel\/makale-naci-kutlay-ataturk-ten-kurtlere-telgraf.htm<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ne\u015fe D\u00fczel \u201cKolordu Kumandan\u0131 Nihat Bey\u2019e verdi\u011fi bir telgraf var. O telgrafta Atat\u00fcrk, \u2018K\u00fcrtler ekseriyette olduklar\u0131 vilayetlerde kendilerini y\u00f6netecekler\u2019 diyor. Atat\u00fcrk, K\u00fcrtlere bir t\u00fcr \u00f6zerklik verilmesinden 1924\u2019te vazge\u00e7ti.\u201d \u201c\u0130ttihat-Terakki, M. Kemal ve arkada\u015flar\u0131, K\u00fcrtlere, \u2018Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 bizimle beraber y\u00fcr\u00fctmezseniz, Ermeniler geri gelecek, buralar Ermenistan olacak. Ermenilerden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z mallar\u0131 geri vereceksiniz\u2019 dediler.\u201d \u201c1919\u2019daki Amasya Protokol\u00fc\u2019nde \u2018Sava\u015f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":18245,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44,1,54],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18244","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ermeni-soykirimi","category-haberler","category-kitaplar-elestiriler"],"yoast_head":"\nNaci Kutlay: Atat\u00fcrk\u2019ten K\u00fcrtlere telgraf - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=18244\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Naci Kutlay: Atat\u00fcrk\u2019ten K\u00fcrtlere telgraf - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ne\u015fe D\u00fczel \u201cKolordu Kumandan\u0131 Nihat Bey\u2019e verdi\u011fi bir telgraf var. O telgrafta Atat\u00fcrk, \u2018K\u00fcrtler ekseriyette olduklar\u0131 vilayetlerde kendilerini y\u00f6netecekler\u2019 diyor. Atat\u00fcrk, K\u00fcrtlere bir t\u00fcr \u00f6zerklik verilmesinden 1924\u2019te vazge\u00e7ti.\u201d \u201c\u0130ttihat-Terakki, M. Kemal ve arkada\u015flar\u0131, K\u00fcrtlere, \u2018Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 bizimle beraber y\u00fcr\u00fctmezseniz, Ermeniler geri gelecek, buralar Ermenistan olacak. 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