{"id":17666,"date":"2012-08-24T03:54:37","date_gmt":"2012-08-24T08:54:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=17666"},"modified":"2012-08-24T03:55:39","modified_gmt":"2012-08-24T08:55:39","slug":"berlinde-hikayelerin-bulustugu-cadde-hardenberg","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=17666","title":{"rendered":"Berlin\u2019de hik\u00e2yelerin bulu\u015ftu\u011fu cadde: Hardenberg"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>[Sesonline] \u00c7eyrek y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6nce kitaplar\u0131n beni s\u00fcr\u00fckledi\u011fi bir kilometre uzunlu\u011fundaki Hardenberg Caddesi, Almanya\u2019n\u0131n II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019\u0131ndaki y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n simgesine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen Ged\u00e4chtniskirche (Haf\u0131za Kilisesi) ile Ernst Reuter Meydan\u0131 aras\u0131nda uzan\u0131r. Berlin\u2019e dair hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn hik\u00e2yelerde ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en Zoologicher Garten (Hayvanat Bah\u00e7esi) \u0130stasyonu, \u201968 \u00f6\u011frenci hareketi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, \u00fcniversitelilerin \u00f6n\u00fcnde s\u0131k s\u0131k g\u00f6steri yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u201cAmerika Haus\u201d da yine ayn\u0131 cadde \u00fczerindedir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi do\u011frudan ve dolayl\u0131 ilgilendiren, halen siyasi \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ve inceleme konusu olan, \u201cinsanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenmi\u015f iki b\u00fcy\u00fck soyk\u0131r\u0131m su\u00e7u\u201dnun ve bir y\u0131\u011f\u0131n tarih\u00ee olay\u0131n izleri Cadde\u2019nin haf\u0131zas\u0131na kaz\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Cadde, tarihi, ulusal tarih olarak de\u011fil, il\u015fkiler tarihi olarak inceleme ve \u00f6\u011frenmemize olanak veren \u00f6zellikler ta\u015f\u0131r. [Do\u011fan Akhanl\u0131, Birikim Dergisi, Nisan 2012, Say\u0131: 276] (\u00bb <\/em><\/strong>Soyk\u0131r\u0131m ve soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ink\u00e2r \u00fczerine… \/ Yal\u00e7\u0131n Erg\u00fcndo\u011fan<\/em><\/strong><\/a>)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130NFAZ VE \u0130MHA: SOROMON TEHLERYAN & TALAT PA\u015eA<\/strong><\/p>\n

Birka\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7evirece\u011fim \u201cTalat Pa\u015fa Davas\u0131 Tutana\u011f\u0131\u201d<\/strong> o g\u00fcnlerde elime ge\u00e7ti ve Talat Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n, Berlin\u2019de, Hardenberg Caddesi\u2019inde \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6\u011frendim. Tutanaklara g\u00f6re Talat Pa\u015fa, ayn\u0131 caddede, on odal\u0131, 4 nolu evde oturuyordu. \u0130nfaz eden de 37 numaral\u0131 evde ik\u00e2met eden kar\u015f\u0131 kom\u015fusuydu: Soromon Tehleryan. Her iki bina da sava\u015fta y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n15 Mart 1921, sal\u0131 sabah\u0131 \u00f6\u011flene do\u011fru evinden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p, Hayvanat Bah\u00e7esi\u2019ne do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f yapan Talat Pa\u015fa, \u015fimdiki Almanya Sanayi ve Ticaret Odas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu 17 numaral\u0131 binan\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne vard\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kar\u015f\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131mdan onu izleyen ve \u00e7oktan kald\u0131r\u0131m de\u011fi\u015ftiren Soroman Tehleryan, Talat Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n<\/strong> yan\u0131ndan ge\u00e7mi\u015f, onu ensesinden vurduktan sonra silah\u0131n\u0131 at\u0131p ko\u015fmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, Fasanen Caddesi\u2019nin Hardenberg Caddesi\u2019yle birle\u015fti\u011fi k\u00f6\u015fede, \u00e7evredekiler taraf\u0131ndan yakalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. (Hofmann, 2000)
\nSoromon Tehleryan ister cani, isterse kahraman olarak an\u0131ls\u0131n, suikast\u0131n nedeni ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. Talat Pa\u015fa; sonralar\u0131 \u201csoyk\u0131r\u0131m\u201d<\/strong> olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lacak olan
\n\u201cinsanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenmi\u015f su\u00e7\u201d<\/strong>un m\u00fcsebbibi oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in suikast\u0131n kurban\u0131 olmu\u015ftu. 1913\u2019te, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Kongresi\u2019nde kabul edilen, radikal
\nbir bi\u00e7imde uygulanan ve Cumhuriyet kuruldu\u011funda, Anadolu ve Trakya\u2019da, H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n k\u00f6k\u00fcn\u00fcn kaz\u0131nmas\u0131 ya da kovulmas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanan tek uluslu devlet projesinin<\/strong> mimarlar\u0131ndan biri, belki de ba\u015f sorumlusuydu. (Ak\u00e7am, 1999)
\nSorumlulardan di\u011fer ikisi, Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa
\n\u015fefi Dr. Bahaaddin \u015eakir<\/strong> ve tehcirde Trabzon kasab\u0131 olarak \u00fcn salm\u0131\u015f Cemal Azmi de, 17 Nisan
\n1922\u2019de, birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz metre \u00f6tede Uhland Caddesi\u2019nde 47 numaral\u0131 evin \u00f6n\u00fcnde, Arshavir Shiragian ve Stepan Dzaghigian adl\u0131 suikast\u00e7\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcleceklerdi. (Hosfeld, 2005)
\nBu ikisinin mezarlar\u0131 halen Berlin\u2019de, Neuk\u00f6lln
\nCamii\u2019nin giri\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n hemen \u00f6n\u00fcndeki \u201cT\u00fcrk
\n\u015eehitli\u011fi\u201dndedir. Talat Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n mezar\u0131, 1943 y\u0131l\u0131-
\nn\u0131n \u015eubat\u0131\u2019nda T\u00fcrk taraf\u0131n\u0131n arzusu \u00fczerine Nazi toplama kamp\u0131 Sachsenhausen\u2019\u0131 ziyaret eden \u0130stanbul Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Nihat Haluk Pepeye ve Sal\u00e2hattin Korkud\u2019un giri\u015fimleri sonucu, 25 \u015eubat 1943\u2019te, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc ve naa\u015f\u0131 devlet t\u00f6reniyle Abide-i H\u00fcrriyet\u2019te defnedildi. (Bali, 2006)
\nSoromon Tehleryan\u2019\u0131n eylemi ki\u015fisel bir \u00f6\u00e7 almadan \u00f6te \u00f6zellikler ta\u015f\u0131yordu ve muhtemelen \u201cNemesis\u201d olarak tarihe ge\u00e7en, Ermeni intikam te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n militan\u0131 olmal\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130lk kurban\u0131 da Talat Pa\u015fa de\u011fil, 24 Nisan 1915\u2019te \u0130stanbul\u2019dan tehcir edilen Ermeni ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 ve ileri gelenlerinin listesini, \u0130stanbul Polis M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Bedri Bey\u2019e veren, 1920 Nisan\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019da \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc M\u0131grd\u0131\u00e7 Harutuyan<\/strong>\u2019d\u0131 (Hofmann, 1980, 2000).
\n2 ve 3 Haziran 1921\u2019de yap\u0131lan ve sadece iki
\ng\u00fcn s\u00fcr\u00fcp, Soroman Tehleryan\u2019\u0131n beraatiyle sonu\u00e7lanan dava, neredeyse bir as\u0131r sonra da \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yorsa bunun nedeni, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulu\u015f ideolojinde aranmal\u0131d\u0131r. Sanki Cumhuriyet g\u00f6kten zembille inmi\u015fti ve ge\u00e7mi\u015fi yoktu. Sanki 1915 y\u0131l\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir \u015fey olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sanki 1918 y\u0131l\u0131 sonunda, Ermeni tehciri ve katliamlar\u0131, Meclis-i Mebusan\u2019da tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f, soru\u015fturma komisyonu kurulmam\u0131\u015f, \u015eubat 1919\u2019da aralar\u0131nda Enver-Talat-Cemal \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcs\u00fc<\/strong> de dahil, Divan-i Harbi \u00d6rfi\u2019de toplam 36 dava a\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f, ana davanin iddianamesinde savc\u0131, 41 resm\u00ee-\u015fifreli telgraftan al\u0131nt\u0131 yapmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sanki bu mahkemelerde Enver, Talat, Cemal Pa\u015falar, Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa \u015fefi Bahaaddin Sakir, Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Azmi Bey de dahil toplam 17 ki\u015fi idama mahkum edilmemi\u015fti. Sanki bug\u00fcn Urfal\u0131 \u201c\u015eehit\u201d Nusret, Yozgat kaymakam\u0131 \u201ckahraman\u201d Kemal, \u00fcnvans\u0131z Haydar Baba\u2019n\u0131n idam cezalar\u0131 infaz edilmemi\u015fti. Sanki Cumhuriyeti kuranlar, Ermenileri k\u0131ran, Rumlar\u0131 yurtlar\u0131ndan eden, bu arada Araplar\u0131 ve ve K\u00fcrtleri de katletmeyi ihmal etmeyen \u0130ttihak ve Terakki kadrolar\u0131 de\u011fildi. Resm\u00ee s\u00f6ylemde, Cumuriyet, tertemiz par\u015f\u00f6men bir ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde in\u015fa edilmi\u015fti. (Ak\u00e7am, 2000, Dadrian, 2009)
\nOysa o topraklar sadece k\u0131r\u0131m ve soyk\u0131r\u0131m topraklar\u0131 de\u011fil, s\u00f6z\u00fc edildi\u011fi gibi 20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda bir ulusun kendini yarg\u0131lamaya kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk co\u011frafyad\u0131r. Talat Pa\u015fa Davas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131s\u0131ra, s\u00fcrekli g\u00f6rmezlikten gelinen, \u0130stanbul\u2019daki 1919 Divan-\u0131 Harb Mahkemeleri<\/strong>, Uluslararas\u0131 Halklar Hukuku ve \u201csoyk\u0131r\u0131m\u201d<\/strong> kavram\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesinde tayin edici \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131rlar. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde k\u0131r\u0131m ve soyk\u0131r\u0131m faillerini Lahey\u2019de yarg\u0131lama olana\u011f\u0131na sahipsek bunu, \u201csoyk\u0131r\u0131m\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftiren ve soyk\u0131r\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin babas\u0131 olan Raphael Lemkin adl\u0131 Polonyal\u0131 hukuk\u00e7uya bor\u00e7luyuz. B\u00fct\u00fcn s\u00fclalesi Nazi toplama kamplar\u0131nda can veren Raphael Lemkin<\/strong>, bu iki mahkemeyi ve Ermeni tehcirini inceleyerek, bir devletin kendi vatanda\u015flar\u0131ndan bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc yok etmesine \u201csoyk\u0131rm\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 1944 y\u0131l\u0131nda verdi. (Lemkin, 1944)
\n\u201c1921\u2019deki Talat Pa\u015fa davas\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6\u011freticiydi\u201d
\ndiye yazd\u0131 Lemkin, \u201cAnnesi soyk\u0131r\u0131mda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f bir adam (Soromon Tehleryan) Talat Pa\u015fa\u2019y\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Bak\u0131n, bir avukat olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcm ki, bir su\u00e7 kurban taraf\u0131ndan de\u011fil mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan, ulusal hukuk taraf\u0131ndan cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d Ermeni Tehciri\u2019nin Soyk\u0131r\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine olan etkisini de \u015fu s\u00f6zleriyle dile getirir Lemkin: \u201cF\u0131rat Nehri\u2019ne at\u0131lan ya da Der-Es-Sor yolunda katledilen Ermeni erkekleri, kad\u0131nlar\u0131 ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n ac\u0131lar\u0131, Soyk\u0131r\u0131m S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin kab\u00fcl\u00fcne giden haz\u0131rl\u0131k yolu olmu\u015ftur\u201d<\/em><\/strong> (Lemkin, 1947).
\nBir\u00e7ok \u00f6nderi Ergenekon davas\u0131ndan yarg\u0131lanan \u201cTalat Pa\u015fa Harekat\u0131\u201d 2006 y\u0131l\u0131 Mart\u2019\u0131nda Berlin\u2019e \u00e7\u0131karma yapt\u0131. \u201cBerlin\u2019i yakaca\u011f\u0131z\u201d nidalar\u0131yla binlerce ki\u015fiyi seferber etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131larsa da, Almanya\u2019da \u201cyakma, y\u0131kma\u201d<\/strong> kelimelerinin hi\u00e7 de sempatik bir etki uyand\u0131ramayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok ge\u00e7 farkettiler. Talat Pa\u015fa\u2019y\u0131 anmak i\u00e7in \u00e7elenk koyma eylemini de onun \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerde de\u011fil, M\u00fczik Y\u00fcksek Okulu\u2019nun kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki \u201cSteinplaz\u201d adl\u0131 meydanda yapmaya kalkt\u0131lar. Bu Talat Pa\u015fa Harekat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck hatas\u0131 oldu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7elenk
\nb\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 yer, Almanya\u2019da Nazi Kurbanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in
\nyap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan ilk an\u0131tt\u0131 (meydan\u0131n di\u011fer ucunda
\nda Stalin Kurbanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir an\u0131t vard\u0131r) ve eylem
\nhakl\u0131 olarak an\u0131ta sald\u0131r\u0131 olarak alg\u0131land\u0131.<\/p>\n

Tarih\u00ee su\u00e7lar\u0131 inkar, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7 duruma<\/strong>
\nd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmekle kalm\u0131yor, onu s\u00fcrekli su\u00e7 i\u015fleyen bir mekanizmaya da d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Hrant Dink, \u0130stanbul\u2019da, Andrea Santoro, Trabzon\u2019da katlediliyor, \u0130ncil sat\u0131c\u0131lar Malatya\u2019da bo\u011fazlan\u0131yorsa, tarihi tarih\u00e7ilere b\u0131rakma \u00f6nerisi, gelecekte de cinayeti te\u015fvik etmekten ba\u015fka pratik bir sonu\u00e7 do\u011furmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130NT\u0130HAR: KEMAL CEMAL ALTUN<\/strong><\/p>\n

Talat Pa\u015fa 1921 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n 15 Mart sabah\u0131, suikasta
\nkurban gitmeyip yoluna devam edebilseydi, y\u0131llar
\nsonra kendini \u0130dare Mahkemesi\u2019nin alt\u0131nc\u0131 kat\u0131ndan f\u0131rlat\u0131p intihar eden, Kemal Cemal Altun\u2019un
\ncan verdi\u011fi 20 numaral\u0131 binan\u0131n oldu\u011fu yere bir
\ndakika ge\u00e7meden ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131.
\n\u015eimdi orada, Kemal Cemal Altun\u2019u (do\u011f: 1960)
\nhat\u0131rlatan Azeri heykeltra\u015f Akbar Behkalam eseri olan ve 1996 y\u0131l\u0131nda, zaman\u0131n Berlin-Charlottenburg Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Monika Wissel taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131lan mermerden bir an\u0131t vard\u0131r. An\u0131t iki mermer aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, deforme olmu\u015f, ezilmi\u015f bir insan\u0131 canland\u0131r\u0131r. Mermere kaz\u0131nm\u0131\u015f Almanca ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e kitabede \u015fu sat\u0131rlar okunur:<\/p>\n

Burada, s\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilerek \u00f6l\u00fcme g\u00f6nderilmek istenen m\u00fclteci Kemal Cemal Altun, 30 A\u011fustos
\n1983\u2019te idare mahkemesinin penceresinden atlayarak hayat\u0131na son verdi. Siyasi takibat alt\u0131nda
\nolan m\u00fcltecilere s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma hakk\u0131 verilmelidir.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Cemal Kemal Altun, Eyl\u00fcl darbesinden sonra,
\n1981 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bat\u0131 Berlin\u2019de siyasi s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma talebinde bulunmu\u015ftu. \u0130lticas\u0131 kabul edildi. Daha sonra, T\u00fcrkiye, su\u00e7lular\u0131n iadesi anla\u015fmas\u0131na dayanarak, Almanya\u2019dan iade talebinde bulundu (Seibert, 2008).
\nS\u0131\u011f\u0131nma talebini karara ba\u011flayacak olan Bat\u0131
\nBerlin \u0130dare Mahkemesi\u2019nde, 6. Katta, 30 A\u011fustos 1983 g\u00fcn\u00fc sabah saat 08:33\u2019te, hakimin salona
\ngirmesi beklenirken, kelep\u00e7esi a\u00e7\u0131lan Altun, birden yerinden f\u0131rlay\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131k duran pencereden alt\u0131nc\u0131 kattan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya atlayarak intihar etti. \u0130ntihar\u0131 yo\u011fun tepkilere yol a\u00e7t\u0131. \u201cKirschenasyl\u201d (Kiliselere S\u0131\u011f\u0131nma) hareketi do\u011fdu. M\u00fclteciler yasas\u0131 ve uygulamas\u0131nda olumlu ad\u0131mlar at\u0131ld\u0131. G\u00fcnter Wallraff, onun d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda tan\u0131nmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an, T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye de \u00e7evrilen En Alttakiler kitab\u0131n\u0131
\nCemal-Kemal Altun\u2019a ithaf etti. Kassel ve Hamburg\u2019ta iki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck meydana da ad\u0131 verilen Altun, Almanya\u2019da s\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131\u015f\u0131 korkusuyla intihar eden ilk m\u00fclteciydi.
\nKabri, K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu Fraksiyonu\u2019nun en \u00f6nemli \u015fahsiyeti olan, Ulrike Meinhof\u2019un da g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fc oldu\u011fu, Berlin-Mariendorf Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong>\u2019ndad\u0131r. (Gross ve Thomas 2003)<\/p>\n

YA\u011eMURDAN KA\u00c7ARKEN: ISAAK BEHAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

Soromon Tehleryan\u2019\u0131n yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 Fasanen Caddesi\u2019nden yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fcz metre kadar ileride, Kant Caddesi kav\u015fa\u011f\u0131nda, 154a numaral\u0131 evin \u00f6n\u00fcnde, Nazilerin toplama kamplar\u0131nda can vermi\u015f, d\u00f6rt T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti vatanda\u015f\u0131 an\u0131s\u0131na kald\u0131r\u0131ma g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f pirin\u00e7ten d\u00f6rt \u201chat\u0131ra ta\u015f\u0131\u201d vard\u0131r.
\nG\u00fcnter Demning adl\u0131 K\u00f6lnl\u00fc heykeltra\u015f\u0131n bulu\u015fu
\nolan, t\u00f6kezleten, sendeleten anlam\u0131na gelen \u201chat\u0131ra ta\u015flar\u0131\u201dn\u0131n \u00fczerinde standart bir c\u00fcmle yer al\u0131r:
\n\u00d6rne\u011fin, 154a numaral\u0131 evin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki d\u00f6rt hat\u0131-
\nra ta\u015f\u0131ndan birisinde \u015fu yazar: \u201cBurada Lea Behar
\notururdu\/ K\u0131zl\u0131k ad\u0131. Jaesch \/Do\u011fum tarihi 1890\/
\n1942\u2019de s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edildi\/ Riga\u2019da \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u201d
\nBana, Madonna\u2019n\u0131n Son Hayali roman\u0131mda, Sabahattin Ali\u2019nin K\u00fcrk Mantolu Madonnas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n roman kahraman\u0131 Maria Puder\u2019in izlerini Avrupa
\nk\u0131tas\u0131nda arama ilham\u0131n\u0131 veren i\u015fte bu ta\u015flard\u0131r.
\nAlmanya ve Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n 500\u2019den fazla \u015fehir ve kasabas\u0131nda onbinlerce hat\u0131ra ta\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6\u015feyen Demning, sanat\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla soyk\u0131r\u0131mda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen insanlar\u0131n tek tek an\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r.
\nIsaak Behar\u2019\u0131n, \u0130stanbul\u2019da do\u011fan annesi (Lea,
\n1890) ve babas\u0131 (Nissim, 1890), 1915 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u0130stanbul\u2019dan Berlin\u2019e, \u201cOsmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda
\naz\u0131nl\u0131klara \u2013Rumlar, Ermeniler, Yahudiler<\/em><\/strong>\u2013 y\u00f6nelik giderek artan d\u00fc\u015fmanca tutumlardan\u201d dolay\u0131
\ng\u00f6\u00e7 ettiler. (Behar 2002). Berlin\u2019de \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7okuklar\u0131
\noldu: 1916 y\u0131l\u0131nda k\u0131zlar\u0131 Alegrina, 1920\u2019de Jeanne do\u011fdu. Behar ailesinden hayatta kalan tek insan olan Isaak Behar 1923 y\u0131l\u0131nda do\u011fdu. Aile ge\u00e7imini hal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kla sa\u011flad\u0131. Yahudilere kar\u015f\u0131 bask\u0131lar\u0131n giderek artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 otuzlu y\u0131llar\u0131n sonunda, Gestapo, Behar ailesinden, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 olduklar\u0131na dair belge istedi. Berlin B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fi\u2019ne ba\u015fvuran Beharlar, dilek\u00e7elerine cevap alamad\u0131lar, \u201cvatans\u0131z\u201d konuma d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcler. 1942 y\u0131l\u0131nda Almanya D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, aralar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bulundu\u011fu m\u00fcttefiki ve tarafs\u0131z olan on \u00fclkeye 31 Temmuz\u2019a kadar, \u201cAlmanya\u2019da ya da Almanya\u2019n\u0131n i\u015fgal etti\u011fi \u00fclkelerde ya\u015fayan Yahudi k\u00f6kenli vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 bu b\u00f6lgeden \u00e7\u0131kartmalar\u0131n\u0131, aksi halde, Alman ve d\u00fc\u015fman devletlerin Yahudilere uygulanan tedbirlerin onlar i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d bildirdi. (Gutstadt 2008)<\/p>\n

Isaak Behar, annesi, babas\u0131 ve ablalar\u0131n\u0131 son kez
\ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 13 Aral\u0131k 1942 g\u00fcn\u00fcnden sonraki geceyi, Berlin\u2019de bir mahzende nefesini tutarak ve sabaha dek titreyerek ge\u00e7irdi. O Pazar sabah\u0131 evden
\nayr\u0131l\u0131rken paltosundaki, Yahudilerin ta\u015f\u0131mak zorunda oldukar\u0131 Davut y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6km\u00fc\u015f, bu davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 tutuklanmaktan korumu\u015ftu onu. Isaak Behar\u2019\u0131n annesi, babas\u0131, iki k\u0131z karde\u015fi 27. sevkiyat treniyle, Aral\u0131k 1942\u2019de Polonya\u2019ya \u00f6l\u00fcm kamplar\u0131na g\u00f6nderildiler. Amcas\u0131 Elia ve annesiyle ayn\u0131 ad\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan yengesi Lea, 15. sevkiyat treniyle \u00e7oktan do\u011fuya g\u00f6nderilmi\u015flerdi. 31. sevkiyat treniyle de amcas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 Simchar ve Jakop g\u00f6nderileceklerdi. (Behar 2002)
\nIsaak Behar b\u00fct\u00fcn sava\u015f d\u00f6nemini Berlin\u2019de, yeralt\u0131nda, saklanarak ge\u00e7irdi. Sava\u015ftan sonra ona T\u00fcrk pasaportu verilmekte g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Isaak Behar<\/strong>, \u201cger\u00e7ekten acilen ihtiya\u00e7 duyduklar\u0131 o zor zamanlarda esirgenen o ka\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131n, \u015fimdi b\u00f6yle kolayca verilmesi \u00e7ok ac\u0131yd\u0131\u201d diye yazd\u0131. Hatta ailesini korumayan T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti onu askerlik yapmaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131! Isaak Behar da T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geri iade etti. (Behar 2002)<\/p>\n

Beharlar\u0131n hik\u00e2yesi<\/strong>, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin, Nazilerin d\u00fcnyaya sava\u015f ilan etti\u011fi ve gelmi\u015f ge\u00e7mi\u015f en b\u00fcy\u00fck
\ninsanl\u0131k su\u00e7unu i\u015fledikleri y\u0131llara dair tutumunun,
\niddia edildi\u011fi gibi pek de temiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bir \u00f6rnektir. \u0130stisna da de\u011fildir. 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Avrupa\u2019da ya\u015fayan, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlayamayan 3000\u2019i a\u015fk\u0131n insan Nazi kamplar\u0131nda katledilmi\u015flerdir. (Gutstad, 2008)
\nT\u00fcrk tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de anti-semitizmden s\u00f6z edilemeyece\u011fi, Avrupa\u2019daki b\u00fct\u00fcn el\u00e7i ve
\nkonsoloslar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n hemen hepsinin \u201cYahudileri\u201d kurtard\u0131klar\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edilir ama, Trakya\u2019da
\nolup bitenler, \u201cVatanda\u015f T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Konu\u015f\u201d kampanyalar\u0131, 1942\u2019de \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan Varl\u0131k Vergisi ve Yahudilerin y\u00fczde sekseninin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi terk etti\u011fi s\u00fcrekli g\u00f6rmezden gelinir. (Bali, 2008, 2003, 1999).<\/p>\n

Her \u015feye ra\u011fmen, 1944 Haziran\u2019\u0131nda Rodos\u2019ta,
\nadlar\u0131 bilinen 42 \u0130talyan, Yunan ve T\u00fcrk Yahudisini kurtaran bir T\u00fcrk konsolosu vard\u0131r. \u0130srail\u2019in,
\nsoyk\u0131r\u0131mda Yahudileri kurtaranlar i\u00e7in verdi\u011fi
\n\u201cadil insan\u201d \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn verildi\u011fi tek T\u00fcrk olan Selahattin \u00dclk\u00fcmen ad\u0131na, Kud\u00fcs\u2019te, soyk\u0131r\u0131m m\u00fczesi (Yad Va\u015fem) bah\u00e7esinde bir de a\u011fa\u00e7 dikilidir.<\/p>\n

\u201cB\u0130R T\u00dcRK M\u00dc BERL\u0130N\u2019E BELED\u0130YE BA\u015eKANI OLACAK?\u201d: ERNST REUTER<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn Almanya\u2019da herhangi bir gazete bu soruyu
\nman\u015fete ta\u015f\u0131sa, hakl\u0131 olarak \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 damgas\u0131 yerdi.
\n\u0130lgin\u00e7 olan man\u015fetin tutucu bas\u0131n taraf\u0131ndan de\u011fil, kom\u00fcnistlerin g\u00fcnl\u00fck gazetesi taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu \u201cT\u00fcrk\u201d\u00fcn ad\u0131 da Ernst
\nReuter\u2019dir. (Worw\u00e4rts, 1946)
\nM\u00fcnih ve Marburg \u00fcniversitelerinde Germanistik, tarih ve co\u011frafya \u00f6\u011frenimi g\u00f6ren Reuter (do\u011f: 1889), 1912\u2019de Almanya Sosyal Demokrat Parti\u2019sine kat\u0131ld\u0131. I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda, 1916\u2019da Rusya cephesinde esir d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Sovyet Devrimi sonras\u0131 kom\u00fcnistlere kat\u0131lan Reuter, Moskova\u2019da Sava\u015f Esirleri Komitesi s\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fcyd\u00fc. Lenin\u2019le tan\u0131\u015f-
\nt\u0131. Lenin\u2019in \u201c\u00e7ok ak\u0131ll\u0131 bir gen\u00e7 ama, \u00e7ok fazla ba-
\n\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn\u201d biri olarak (Sch\u00fctz, 2003)
\ntan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Reuter, Almanya\u2019ya d\u00f6nd\u00fckten sonra,
\n\u00fcyesi oldu\u011fu Almanya Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019nden istifa etti ve yeniden SPD\u2019ye kat\u0131ld\u0131. \u015eehir ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve
\ntoplu ta\u015f\u0131m uzman\u0131 olan Reuter, bug\u00fcn halen Berlin\u2019in toplu ta\u015f\u0131m kurumu olan Berliner Verkehrs. Aktengeselschaft\u2019\u0131n (BVG) kurucular\u0131ndand\u0131r.
\n1931\u2019de Magdeburg Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131 olan Reuter, 1932 y\u0131l\u0131nda milletvekili se\u00e7ildi. Hitler\u2019in iktidara gelmesinden sonra, 13 Mart 1933\u2019te, 1934
\ny\u0131l\u0131na kadar kalaca\u011f\u0131 Lichtenbug toplama kamp\u0131-
\nna g\u00f6nderildi.
\nHitler\u2019in iktidar\u0131 ilk ba\u015fta ba\u015fta Yahudiler olmak \u00fczere, Alman Ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flerini kaybetmelerine yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Birka\u00e7 ay i\u00e7inde, Yahudi, kom\u00fcnist ve sosyal demokrat olan 2000 bilimadam\u0131 ve \u00fcniversite \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi g\u00f6revlerinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131lar. Pek \u00e7o\u011fu i\u00e7in, Almanya\u2019dan ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f, hayatta kalman\u0131n tek yolu oldu.
\nT\u00fcrkiye o y\u0131llarda \u201cBat\u0131l\u0131la\u015fma\u201d \u00e7abalar\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a fazla ad\u0131m atm\u0131\u015f, kad\u0131n haklar\u0131ndan, Latin alfabesine ge\u00e7i\u015fe kadar pek \u00e7ok reform uygulanmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Haziran 1933\u2019te, \u00fcniversitelerdeki reformlar, Alman bilimadamlar\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyelerine, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma imkan\u0131 verilerek h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Sava\u015f sonuna kadar say\u0131lar\u0131 800\u2019\u00fc bulacak olan m\u00fclteci ayd\u0131nlar, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, e\u011fitimden, sanata, m\u00fczikten, edebiyata, mimarl\u0131\u011fa ve g\u00f6rsel sanatlara kadar entelekt\u00fcel hayat\u0131
\n\u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkilediler. (Bak\u0131rd\u00f6\u011fen, 2006)
\n1935\u2019te Londra\u2019ya ka\u00e7an Reuter, Ula\u015ft\u0131rma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019ndan uzman personel olarak i\u015f teklifi ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

1935 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n haziran ay\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelen Reuter\u2019in e\u015fi Johnna ve y\u0131llar sonra Mercedes-Benz\u2019in y\u00f6netim kurulu ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kadar y\u00fckselecek olan o\u011flu Edzard\u2019da iki ay sonra T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye geldiler. Sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131nda Ankara \u00dcniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fak\u00fcltesi\u2019nde \u015fehircilik dersleri veren Reuter\u2019in \u00e7ok say\u0131da T\u00fcrk\u00e7e makale ve kitab\u0131 yay\u0131mland\u0131. 1946\u2019da Berlin\u2019e d\u00f6nen Reuter, SPD\u2019den belediye ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na adayl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koydu\u011funda, y\u0131llar \u00f6nce koptu\u011fu kom\u00fcnistlerin onu, \u201cT\u00fcrk\u201d olarak nitelelemeleri i\u015fe yaramad\u0131. Reuter, Berlin\u2019in ilk ve gelmi\u015f ge\u00e7mi\u015f en \u00fcnl\u00fc belediye ba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu. (Haymatloz 2000)<\/p>\n

Ad\u0131, Hardenberg Caddesi\u2019nin sona erdi\u011fi meydana verilen Ernst Reuter, II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra Berlin\u2019e d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, oturdu\u011fu ilk konutu da yine Hardenberg Caddesi \u00fczerinde, Teknik \u00dcniversite kantinin yan\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

KAYNAK\u00c7A<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00bb Ak\u00e7am, Taner, \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 ve Ermeni Sorunu, \u0130mge Kitabevi Yay., Istanbul, 1999.
\n\u00bb Akhanl\u0131, Do\u011fan, Madonna\u2019n\u0131n Son Hayali, 2005.
\n\u00bb Bak\u0131rd\u00f6\u011fen, Ayhan, \u201cDie T\u00fcrkei als Exilland w\u00e4hrend der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus\u201d, Neue Z\u00fcrcher Zeitung, 20.\/21., Mart 1999.
\n\u00bb Bali N., R\u0131fat, Toplumsal Tarih say\u0131: 150, Haziran 2006.
\n\u00bb Bali N., R\u0131fat, Musa\u2019n\u0131n Evl\u00e2tlar\u0131 Cumhuriyet\u2019in Yurtta\u015flar\u0131, 2001.
\n\u00bb Bali N., R\u0131fat, Cumhuriyet Y\u0131llar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye Yahudiler: Bir T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme Ser\u00fcveni (1923-1945), 1999.
\n\u00bb Behar, Isaak, Versprich mir, dass du am Leben bleibst, Berlin, 2002.
\n\u00bb Dadrian, N.Vahakn, Tehcir ve Taktil Divan-\u0131 Harb-i \u00d6rfi Zab\u0131tlar\u0131 & \u0130ttihad ve Terakki\u2018nin Yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131 1919\u20131922, \u0130stanbul, 2009.
\n\u00bb Gross, Paul ve Jens-Uwe Thomas, Zuflucht gesucht, \u2013 den Tod gefunden, Berlin, Kas\u0131m 2003
\n\u00bb Guttstadt, Corry, Die T\u00fcrkei, die Juden und der Holocaust, Assoziation A, Berlin, 2008. (T\u00fcrkiye, Yahudiler ve Holokost, \u00e7ev. Atilla Dirim, \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2012).
\n\u00bb Hofmann, Tessa (Hg.), \u201cDer V\u00f6lkermord an den Armeniern vor Gericht. Der Proze\u00df Talat Pascha. Im Auftrag der Gesellschaft f\u00fcr bedrohte V\u00f6lker. Mit einer Einleitung von Tessa Hofmann Tessa, einem Vorwort von Armin T. Wegner. G\u00f6ttingen 1980.\u201d, Talat Pa\u015fa Davas\u0131 I ve II, Belge, Istanbul, 2000, 2001.
\n\u00bb Hosfeld, Rolf, Operation Nemesis, KIWI, K\u00f6ln, 2005.
\n\u00bb Lemkin, Raphael, \u201cGenocide as a Crime under International Law. In: American Journal of International Law\u201d, say\u0131 1\/1947, s. 145-151.
\n\u00bb Lemkin, Raphael, Axis Rule in Occupied Europe: Laws of Occupation, Analysis of Government, Proposals for Redress, Washington D.C., 1944.
\n\u00bb Sch\u00fctz, Klaus, \u201cErnst Reuter – die Leitfigur im Freiheitskampf\u201d, 26 Eyl\u00fcl 2003, http:\/\/archiv.spd-berlin.de\/geschichte\/personen\/l-z\/reuter-ernst\/reuter-gedenkveranstaltung-gedenkrede-von-klaus-schuetz\/.
\n\u00bb Seibert, Niels, Ein staatlich betriebener Selbstmord. Cemal Altun und Proteste gegen Auslieferungen, M\u00fcnster, 2008.
\n\u00bb Verein aktives Museum (Hg.): Haymatloz. Exil in der T\u00fcrkei 1933\u20131945, sergi katalo\u011fu, Verlag wie Hg., Berlin, 2000.<\/em>
\n<\/strong>
\n[KAYNAK: Do\u011fan Akhanl\u0131,<\/em><\/strong> Birikim Dergisi<\/strong>, Nisan 2012, Say\u0131: 276.]<\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

http:\/\/sesonline.net\/php\/genel_sayfa.php?KartNo=57352&fb_source=message<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[Sesonline] \u00c7eyrek y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6nce kitaplar\u0131n beni s\u00fcr\u00fckledi\u011fi bir kilometre uzunlu\u011fundaki Hardenberg Caddesi, Almanya\u2019n\u0131n II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019\u0131ndaki y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n simgesine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen Ged\u00e4chtniskirche (Haf\u0131za Kilisesi) ile Ernst Reuter Meydan\u0131 aras\u0131nda uzan\u0131r. Berlin\u2019e dair hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn hik\u00e2yelerde ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en Zoologicher Garten (Hayvanat Bah\u00e7esi) \u0130stasyonu, \u201968 \u00f6\u011frenci hareketi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, \u00fcniversitelilerin \u00f6n\u00fcnde s\u0131k s\u0131k g\u00f6steri yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u201cAmerika Haus\u201d da yine ayn\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17666","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ermeni-soykirimi","category-haberler"],"yoast_head":"\nBerlin\u2019de hik\u00e2yelerin bulu\u015ftu\u011fu cadde: Hardenberg - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=17666\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Berlin\u2019de hik\u00e2yelerin bulu\u015ftu\u011fu cadde: Hardenberg - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[Sesonline] \u00c7eyrek y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6nce kitaplar\u0131n beni s\u00fcr\u00fckledi\u011fi bir kilometre uzunlu\u011fundaki Hardenberg Caddesi, Almanya\u2019n\u0131n II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019\u0131ndaki y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n simgesine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen Ged\u00e4chtniskirche (Haf\u0131za Kilisesi) ile Ernst Reuter Meydan\u0131 aras\u0131nda uzan\u0131r. 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